Difference between revisions of "Crucifixion controversy"
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But an extensive medical investigation that was published by the [[American Medical Association]]'s peer-reviewed flagship journal, ''JAMA'', concluded that: | But an extensive medical investigation that was published by the [[American Medical Association]]'s peer-reviewed flagship journal, ''JAMA'', concluded that: | ||
{{cquote|The hands could be nailed or tied to the crossbar, but nailing apparently was preferred by the Romans. The nails were tapered iron spikes approximately 5 to 7 in (13 to 18 cm) long with a square shaft 3/8 in (1 cm) across. The nails commonly were driven through the wrists rather than the palms.<ref>https://www.cbcg.org/scourging-crucifixion.html</ref>}} | {{cquote|The hands could be nailed or tied to the crossbar, but nailing apparently was preferred by the Romans. The nails were tapered iron spikes approximately 5 to 7 in (13 to 18 cm) long with a square shaft 3/8 in (1 cm) across. The nails commonly were driven through the wrists rather than the palms.<ref>https://www.cbcg.org/scourging-crucifixion.html</ref>}} | ||
| + | It is estimated that "00,000 to 150,000 people before Emperor Constantine outlawed the practice in A.D. 337 after converting to Christianity."<ref name="Artnet">https://news.artnet.com/art-world/archaeologists-discover-best-physical-evidence-crucifixion-2045534</ref> | ||
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| + | Although there is extensive written evidence about the [[Roman]] practice of crucifixion, which was learned from the [[Carthaginian]]s, only 5 crucified artifacts have been discovered in modern times: "ones from Gavello, Italy, and Mendes, Egypt, have been identified .... Construction workers in Jerusalem found the only other one featuring a nail in 1968, but the body was not intact, and thus is not fully accepted as firm evidence of crucifixion ...."<ref name="Artnet"/> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
*[[Shroud of Turin]] | *[[Shroud of Turin]] | ||
Revision as of 02:23, May 31, 2023
Crucifixion controversy is an ongoing debate about how Jesus was actually crucified. Perhaps surprisingly, little direct evidence is available today from archeological work and Roman writings as to whether, for example, nails were driven through the victims' hands or wrists as part of the crucifixions that widely occurred in ancient Rome.
But an extensive medical investigation that was published by the American Medical Association's peer-reviewed flagship journal, JAMA, concluded that:
| “ | The hands could be nailed or tied to the crossbar, but nailing apparently was preferred by the Romans. The nails were tapered iron spikes approximately 5 to 7 in (13 to 18 cm) long with a square shaft 3/8 in (1 cm) across. The nails commonly were driven through the wrists rather than the palms.[1] | ” |
It is estimated that "00,000 to 150,000 people before Emperor Constantine outlawed the practice in A.D. 337 after converting to Christianity."[2]
Although there is extensive written evidence about the Roman practice of crucifixion, which was learned from the Carthaginians, only 5 crucified artifacts have been discovered in modern times: "ones from Gavello, Italy, and Mendes, Egypt, have been identified .... Construction workers in Jerusalem found the only other one featuring a nail in 1968, but the body was not intact, and thus is not fully accepted as firm evidence of crucifixion ...."[2]
See also
- Shroud of Turin
- John C. Robison, "Crucifixion in the Roman World: The Use of Nails at the Time of Christ" (June 2002)