Difference between revisions of "Metaphysics"
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| − | '''Metaphysics''' is the branch of [[philosophy]] concerned with the fundamental nature of reality. | + | '''Metaphysics''' is the branch of [[philosophy]] concerned with the fundamental nature of [[reality]].<ref>[http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/N095 Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]</ref> It draws its name from from the [[Greek]] meta ta phusika, meaning literally 'beyond [[physics]]', because the book comes after the [[Physics (Aristotle)|Physics]] in the order assigned by an editor of Aristotle's works, [[Andronicus of Rhodes]], about the year A.D. 70. The term metaphysics was unknown to Aristotle, and he variously called this branch of philosophy "first science", "[[wisdom]]" [[Theology|theological science]]" (theologikê) and "first philosophy" (prôtê philosophia)<ref>[http://www.seop.leeds.ac.uk/entries/metaphysics/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy].</ref> Metaphysics includes topics such as philosophy of [[mind]], [[identity]], philosophy of [[space]] and [[time]] (including cosmogeny), [[free will]], and the difference between necessity and possibility. |
| − | In common usage, Metaphysics can also refer to philosophical speculation of any kind, even when not strictly philosophical, such as [[mysticism]] or [[New Age]]. | + | In common usage, Metaphysics can also refer to philosophical speculation of any kind, even when not strictly philosophical, such as [[mysticism]] or [[New Age]]. [[T.G. Masaryk]] maintained that metaphysics is ''"just a small competing enterprise established by philosophy against [[theology]]".''<ref>{{cite book |author=Bohumil Sláma |title=Zapomenutý prorok Tomáš G. Masaryk |publisher=Atelier Sláma |place=Brno |year=2010 |page=97 |isbn=978-8025-484333 |url=http://books.google.no/books?id=ZkUHaAEACAAJ&dq=&redir_esc=y |quote=Metafyzika - nemám ten pojem rád, patrně že jsem takový nepoddajný empirik a praktik. V metafyzice lidé hledají bůhvíjaké hluboké a tajemné vědomosti, a zatím právě metafyzika, aspoň jak byla pěstována posud, je na obsah chudá, chudičká; je to jen malý konkurenční podnik, který si zřídila filozofie proti teologii. |language=Czech}}</ref> |
| − | [[ | + | "Schools of Metaphysics" are independent schools of [[New age movement|New Age doctrine]] representing themselves as teaching ancient [[esoteric]] doctrines such as [[syncretism]], [[reincarnation]], [[yoga]], [[symbol]]ism, [[meditation]], [[astrology]], [[Gnosticism]], [[magic]], [[alchemy|spiritual alchemy]] and [[Kabbalah]]. |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| − | *[[Philosophy of mind]] | + | * [[Natural philosophy]] |
| + | * [[Philosophy of mind]] | ||
| + | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Philosophy]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Buddhism]] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:03, April 1, 2018
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the fundamental nature of reality.[1] It draws its name from from the Greek meta ta phusika, meaning literally 'beyond physics', because the book comes after the Physics in the order assigned by an editor of Aristotle's works, Andronicus of Rhodes, about the year A.D. 70. The term metaphysics was unknown to Aristotle, and he variously called this branch of philosophy "first science", "wisdom" theological science" (theologikê) and "first philosophy" (prôtê philosophia)[2] Metaphysics includes topics such as philosophy of mind, identity, philosophy of space and time (including cosmogeny), free will, and the difference between necessity and possibility.
In common usage, Metaphysics can also refer to philosophical speculation of any kind, even when not strictly philosophical, such as mysticism or New Age. T.G. Masaryk maintained that metaphysics is "just a small competing enterprise established by philosophy against theology".[3]
"Schools of Metaphysics" are independent schools of New Age doctrine representing themselves as teaching ancient esoteric doctrines such as syncretism, reincarnation, yoga, symbolism, meditation, astrology, Gnosticism, magic, spiritual alchemy and Kabbalah.
See also
References
- â Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
- â Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
- â Bohumil Sláma (2010). Zapomenutý prorok Tomáš G. Masaryk (in Czech). Atelier Sláma. ISBN 978-8025-484333. âMetafyzika - nemám ten pojem rád, patrnÄ Å¾e jsem takový nepoddajný empirik a praktik. V metafyzice lidé hledajà bůhvÃjaké hluboké a tajemné vÄdomosti, a zatÃm právÄ metafyzika, aspoÅ jak byla pÄstována posud, je na obsah chudá, chudiÄká; je to jen malý konkurenÄnà podnik, který si zÅÃdila filozofie proti teologii.âÂ