Difference between revisions of "Adolf Hitler"

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{{Dictator bio
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{{Infobox person|
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| image       =[[Image:Hitler7.JPG|200px]]
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|name=Adolf Hitler
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| name        =Adolf Hitler
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|image = [[Image:Adolf Hitler, human rights activist.png|200px|]]
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| birth        =April 20, 1889<br/>Braunau am Inn, Austria–Hungary
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|caption =  
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| parents      =Alois Hitler (Schicklgruber)<br/>Klara Pölzl
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|born =20 April 1889<br>[[Braunau am Inn]], [[Austria–Hungary]]
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| religion    =Roman Catholic (rejected), [[Evolutionism]]
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|died = 30 April 1945 (aged 56)<br>[[Berlin]], [[Germany]]
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| spouse      =Eva Braun
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|nationality = [[German]]
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| children    =none
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|occupation =politician, soldier, artist, writer
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| death        =April 30, 1945<br/>Berlin, Germany
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|title =[[Führer]]
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| deathmanner  =Suicide by gunshot
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|term =2 August 1934 – 30 April 1945
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| education    =Realschule<br/>Linz, Austria
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|predecessor = [[Paul von Hindenburg]] <small>(as President)</small>
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| country      =[[Third Reich|Germany]]
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|successor = [[Karl Dönitz]] <small>(as President)</small>
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| military    =16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment<br/>Imperial German Army (1914-1918)
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|title2 =[[Chancellor of Germany]]
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| rank        =''Obergefreiter'' (Lance Corporal/Private First Class)
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|term2 =30 January 1933 – 30 April 1945
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|burial = none, burned.
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|predecessor2 = [[Kurt von Schleicher]]
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| polbeliefs  =[[Socialism]]<br/>[[National socialism]] (Nazism)
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|successor2 = [[Joseph Goebbels]]
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| party       =German Workers' Party<br/>(''Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' 1919–1920)<br/>[[Nazi Party|National Socialist German Workers' Party]]<br/>(''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' 1920–1945)
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|party = [[German Workers' Party]] (1920–1921)<br>[[National Socialist German Workers' Party|NSDAP]] (1921–1945)
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| dictatordate =March 23, 1933
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|spouse =[[Eva Braun]]
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| war          =[[World War II]] in Europe
 
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| deathnumber  =12,000,000+ exclusive of battle casualties
 
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20,000,000 to 25,000,000 altogether
 
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Rummel: 21,000,000
 
 
}}
 
}}
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'''Adolf Hitler''' was the Austrian-born Chancellor of [[Germany]] from January 30, 1933, and dictator of [[Third Reich|Nazi Germany]] from August 2, 1934 (as ''[[der Führer]]'') until his death on April 30, 1945.  He was also the leader of the [[National Socialist German Workers Party]] (''National-sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei''; NSDAP or [[Nazi]] Party) which gained political power through threat, intimidation, and outright violence throughout Germany in the aftermath of the [[First World War]]. He was born a Catholic, but he never took religion seriously beyond initially rebelling against his Catholic father by showing preferences for Lutheran Protestantism in predominantly Catholic Austria, as well as using quasi-religious rhetoric in his book, [[Mein Kampf]] and in speeches in order to not lose potential religious supporters. He was far more interested in [[Social Darwinism]]. After having minor wounds from an assassination bombing attempt in 1944, Hitler abused drugs originally intended to help with his injuries long after he had recovered from his injuries.  
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'''Adolf Hitler''' (20 April 1889, [[Braunau am Inn]], [[Austria-Hungary]] – 30 April 1945, [[Berlin, Germany]]) became [[Chancellor of Germany]] in 1933, and [[Führer]] from 1934 to 1945. He led the [[National Socialist German Workers Party]] and [[National Socialist Germany]].
  
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Hitler in his youth was an financially-irresponsible Bohemian (a German word of the time roughly the same as [[Hippy]]) who became broke after spending his father's inheritance wandering around Austria as a watercolour artist, practicing [[vegetarianism]], and rarely attempting to seek serious employment. Hitler worked with a Jewish art dealer and after being rejected entry into Vienna's leading art school due to his unoriginal art, Hitler was a complete failure and broke. Rather than accept responsibility for his Bohemian lifestyle, Hitler in denial and increasing signs of the mental illness of [[psychosis]], followed the political current in Europe at the time of blaming Jews for exploiting him. [[Anti-Semitism]] had become a significant phenomenon in Germany ever since [[Martin Luther]] during his severe mental illness at the end of his life had become anti-Semitic. But anti-Semites in Germany refused to acknowledge that Luther prior to the onset of mental illness was highly sympathetic towards Jews. It was adopted by a number of misguided conservative Protestants who were not aware of Luther's mental state when he became anti-Semitic. Hitler being rebellious to his Catholic father took up a brief interest in Lutheranism and may have been influenced by Luther's anti-Semitic remarks. Hitler without any prospects sought to be conscripted into the German Army (but refused to serve the Austrian army due to many Jews being in it), there Hitler mixed his anti-Semitic views with some of the anti-Semitic factional-Lutheran conservative nationalist aspects (that left-wing historians exaggerate by calling Hitler "far right") in order to be accepted amongst conservative German army officers but also began to adopt radical socialist ideas as revolutionary socialist movements in Germany and elsewhere grew in strength.
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== name=%3D
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The name "Adolf" comes from Old High German for "Noble Wolf", hence, a nickname of Hitler was "Wolf". The names of some of his headquarters (Wolfsschanze in East Prussia, Wolfsschlucht in France, Werwolf in Ukraine, etc.) reflect this. As a child, Hitler was known as "Adi".
  
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After World War I, Hitler acted as an army political agent to investigate a small pan-German nationalist party called the German Workers' Party that used the anti-Semitic factional-Lutheran nationalist theme in combination with a revolutionary socialist agenda that denounced Jews as being responsible for capitalism, exploitation of Germany, and for Germany losing World War I. It was anti-Marxist - though only because [[Karl Marx]] was a Jew and due to their anti-Semitic hatred, and saw Marx as no different than capitalist Jews. The Party was disorganized and Hitler with his strong anti-Semitism took advantage of the situation and used demagoguery to raise himself in the party. In February 1920 the party changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party). He used the party and its members to exact revenge for his psychotic perception of Jews and capitalists as having ruined him in his youth, along with the belief that weak civilian leaders and Jews were responsible for Germany's loss in the First World War, and his psychotic, megalomaniac view of himself as being the "Leader" (German: ''Fuhrer'') of Germany. Many leaders of the Nazi Party were mentally-unbalanced people with delusions of grandeur of both themselves and Germany, such as [[Heinrich Himmler]], and [[Hermann Goring]] who was a morphine addict and an animal rights activist who preferred to have Jews used for scientific experiments.
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== Outline of Hitler's life ==
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As an alternative to the politically correct view on Hitler this section will largely cite the 1938 authorized biography ''Adolf Hitler: A Short Sketch of His Life''.<ref name=short%2F>
  
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Due to the thematic influence of the historic anti-Semitic faction of conservative Lutheran extremists on the Nazi movement, left-wing Marxist historians have exaggerated the role of conservative Lutherans in the Nazi movement and because of it claim that the Nazis are "far right". They completely ignore and deny the far left socialist parts of the Nazis, out of political dogmatism just as the Nazis themselves completely denied the socialist elements of Marxism because Marx was Jewish. And left-wing historians almost always neglect to note the very clear similarity of Hitler's loose Bohemian lifestyle as a youth to that of Hippies.
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=== Early life ===
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:''About his lineage see [[Lineage of Adolf Hitler‎]].
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[[Image:Hitler as a boy.png|thumb|left|140px|Hitler at the age of about 8-9 years ]]
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[[Image:Baby-hitler.jpg|thumb|160px|Hitler as a little child]]
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[[File:Paisaje alpino.jpg|thumb|right|Alpin landscape, painted by Adolf Hitler]]
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[[File:KlaraHitler1.jpg|thumb|right|Hitler's mother, Klara Hitler]]
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"ADOLF HITLER was born on April 20, 1889, at Braunau in Upper Austria, close to the Bavarian frontier. Because it is situated on the frontier that divided two branches of the German people, Hitler has spoken of Braunau as representing for him "The Symbol of a Great Task", namely that of uniting all Germans in one State. His father, who was the son of poor peasants from the forest district, had worked himself upwards through his own study and perseverance until he became a civil servant. At the time that Adolf was born his father was Customs Officer at Braunau. Being proud of his own achievement and the status he had reached, his dearest desire was that his son should also enter the civil service; but the son was entirely opposed to this idea. He would be an artist.
  
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Adolf Hitler was an [[Evolution|evolutionary]] [[racist]] and [[socialism|socialist]] (see also: [[evolutionary racism]]).<ref>http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=268</ref><ref>http://mises.org/daily/1937</ref><ref>http://www.hourofthetime.com/socialist.htm</ref> Hitler’s policies and beliefs resulted in the [[Genocide|mass extermination]] of the [[Jews]], [[Gypsies]], and other peoples he considered “[[Racial Supremacy|inferior]]” throughout central and eastern [[Europe]] and were directly responsible for the outbreak of [[World War II]], which caused the deaths of untold millions on and off the battlefield and reportedly ended only after Hitler's [[suicide]] in his Berlin bunker.  
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When he was thirteen years old Hitler lost his father and four years later his mother died. So that he found himself alone in the world at the age of seventeen. He had attended the primary school and subsequently the grammar school at Linz; but poverty forced him to give up his studies and earn his bread. He went to Vienna, with the intention of studying to be an architect but he had to work for his livelihood as manual labourer at the building trade, where he mixed the mortar and served the carpenters and bricklayers. Later on he earned a daily pittance as an architectural draughtsman. Having to depend entirely on himself, he experienced in his own person from his earliest years what poverty and hunger and privation meant, And so he shared the daily
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fate of the workers, the "proletariat" in the building trade, and felt where the shoe pinched. Thus it came about that he began to think in terms of social reform during his early years. He busied himself with the political questions of the day."<ref name=short>Bouhler, Phillip. "Adolf Hitler: A short sketch of his life". Terramare Office, Berlin, 1938.</ref>
  
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==Early life==
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"Though the years spent in Vienna meant a hard and bitter struggle with life, the experience gained in this school was of inestimable value afterwards. Hitler was now yearning to live as a German in Germany itself, free from the oppression under which the German element had to suffer in that potpourri of nations which made up the Habsburg Empire. So he left Vienna and came to live in Munich. That was on April 24, 1912."<ref name=short%2F>
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[[File:Hitler Roses.jpg|thumb|Roses by Adolf Hitler.]]
 
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Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, in Braunau am Inn, [[Austria]]. Hitler's father, Alois (born 1837), was a customs official who was himself born out of wedlock, carrying for a time his mother's name, Schicklgruber. By 1876 he had his baptismal entry corrected in his church records, establishing his father as Johan Heidler, which was altered slightly to Hitler.
 
  
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When his father retired the family moved to Linz, Austria, where it remained a favorite for young Adolf for the rest of his life, and where he gave his wish to be buried. When Alois died in 1903 he left enough of a pension to support his wife and children; Adolf would take his and live off of it in Vienna after leaving school, dreaming of becoming an artist. Although somewhat competent as a painter of landscapes and architecture, his renderings of humans were considered “lifeless” and “crude” by the standards of the Academy of Fine Arts, and his application was rejected twice.  Remaining in [[Vienna]], he moved from one cheap flop house to another, painting postcards and advertisements to earn a meager living after his allowance had dried up. By then he had developed traits which characterized his life as a whole: secretiveness, loneliness, a Spartan mode of everyday life, and a hatred of the cosmopolitan, multinational character that was the makeup of Vienna. ''He never sought a proper job or regular employment. Instead he immersed himself in the works of [[Hegel]], [[Nietzsche]], and the anti-Semitic writings of the Englishman Houston Stewart Chamberlain. He loved the operas of Wagner, and the stories of the Nordic Gods... In early 1910, he entered a shelter for the homeless, populated in the main by poor Jews, on Meldemenstrasse, and was eating at soup kitchens. By this time he had pawned all his belongings. '' <ref> [http://socyberty.com/history/young-adolf-the-adolescent-hitler-and-beyond/ Young Adolf: The Adolescent Hitler and Beyond.] {{dead link}}</ref>
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"In those days Munich was the chief centre of artistic and cultural life in Germany. Still hoping to make a name for himself as an architect, Adolf Hitler now devoted as much time and energy as possible to the study of architecture, while at the same time he had to earn his daily bread by designing and colouring placards. Recently he had been doing a good deal of reading for purposes of self-education. He continued this during his artistic studies and work in Munich, making history his speciality, which had been his favourite subject at school. But he went further than this, for he literally denied himself food in order to save the money for visits to the theatre and hearing Grand Opera, especially the music dramas of Richard Wagner, whom he revered as a German artist and reformer in the grand style. It was especially during those years that Hitler laid the foundations of that all round knowledge which surprises everybody with whom he discusses general questions today."<ref name=short%2F>
  
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==Who And What He Was==
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=== World War I ===
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[[Image:Cupid Complaining to Venus by Lucas Cranach.jpg|150px|left|thumb|This painting, one of the best-loved paintings in the National Gallery, had once belonged to Hitler. New evidence has come to light that Lucas Cranach's ''Cupid Complaining to Venus'', currently on loan to an exhibition in Bristol, hung on the sitting-room wall of his flat in Munich. <ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2008/mar/28/art.secondworldwar Hitler owned painting now in National Gallery]</ref>]]
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[[Image:Image-File 800px-Hitler with other German soldiers.jpg|thumb|300px|Hitler (left) during WWI]]
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[[Elie Wiesel]] wrote famously, and most eloquently about Hitler in 1998:
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In 1914 [[World War I]] started and Hitler volunteered for the German Army. Less than two months after he had first entered the trenches, he was awarded the [[Iron Cross of the Second Class]] for bravery. He was given one of the most dangerous jobs in the regiment, that of dispatch-runner, requiring courage without being foolhardy. On October G, 1916, he was wounded in the thigh by a shrapnel splinter and had to be sent to one of the home hospitals for treatment. Within a few months he had recovered and immediately volunteered once more for the front. During the 1918, while carrying dispatches, he succeeded in ambushing a French officer and about fifteen men and brought them back prisoners. For this he was awarded the [[Iron Cross of the First Class]]. Later in 1918 he was temporarily blinded by a gas attack and was recovering in a hospital when he heard the news that the war had ended.<ref name=short%2F>
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<blockquote>''"At the same time that he terrorized his adversaries, he knew how to please, impress and charm the very interlocutors from whom he wanted support. Diplomats and journalists insist as much on his charm as they do on his temper tantrums. The savior admired by his own as he dragged them into his madness, the Satan and exterminating angel feared and hated by all others, Hitler led his people to a shameful defeat without precedent. That his political and strategic ambitions have created a dividing line in the history of this turbulent and tormented century is undeniable: there is a before and an after. By the breadth of his crimes, which have attained a quasi-ontological dimension, he surpasses all his predecessors: as a result of Hitler, man is defined by what makes him inhuman. With Hitler at the head of a gigantic laboratory, life itself seems to have changed."''</blockquote>
 
  
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<blockquote>''"How did this Austrian without title or position manage to get himself elected head of a German nation renowned for its civilizing mission? How to explain the success of his cheap demagogy in the heart of a people so proud of having inherited the genius of a Wolfgang von Goethe and an Immanuel Kant?"''</blockquote>
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=== The Weimar Republic ===
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[[Image:Hitler addressing supporters by H O Hoyer.png|thumb|260px|A painting of Hitler addressing early supporters at a beer hall in Bavaria by H O Hoyer.]]
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<blockquote>''"Was there no resistance to his disastrous projects? There was. But it was too feeble, too weak and too late to succeed. German society had rallied behind him: the judicial, the educational, the industrial and the economic establishments gave him their support. Few politicians of this century have aroused, in their lifetime, such love and so much hate; few have inspired so much historical and psychological research after their death. Even today, works on his enigmatic personality and his cursed career are best sellers everywhere. Some are good, others are less good, but all seem to respond to an authentic curiosity on the part of a public haunted by memory and the desire to understand."''</blockquote>
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After the war, Hitler returned to [[Munich]]. He was nearly arrested in 1919 by the short-lived and communist [[Bavarian Soviet Republic]] for "anti-revolutionary activity". Hitler later worked for the army as an instruction officer after his great ability at public speech was noticed. He was also ordered to investigate the recently created nationalist [[German Workers' Party]]. Hitler made a speech at a meeting which made a marked impression and he was asked to join the party. He accepted.<ref name=short%2F>
  
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<blockquote>''"We think we know everything about the nefarious forces that shaped his destiny: his unhappy childhood, his frustrated adolescence; his artistic disappointments; his wound received on the front during World War I; his taste for spectacle, his constant disdain for social and military aristocracies; his relationship with [[Eva Braun]], who adored him; the cult of the very death he feared; his lack of scruples with regard to his former comrades of the SA, whom he had assassinated in 1934; his endless hatred of [[Jews]], whose survival enraged him — each and every phase of his official and private life has found its chroniclers, its biographers."''</blockquote>
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The party gave Hitler control over the propaganda department. Support for the party expanded in part due to Hitler's ability as a speaker. In 1920 the [[25 points]] program was published and the party changed its name to the [[National Socialist German Workers' Party]] (NSDAP). His authorized biography states that Hitler was already in reality the leader of the party but that some members took part in an intrigue to get rid of him. The consequence was that at a
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general meeting of all the members of the Party in 1921 Hitler became the absolute party leader. <ref name=short%2F>
  
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<blockquote>''"And yet. There are, in all these givens, elements that escape us. How did this unstable paranoid find it within himself to impose gigantic hope as an immutable ideal that motivated his nation almost until the end? Would he have come to power if Germany were not going through endless economic crises, or if the winners in 1918 had not imposed on it conditions that represented a national humiliation against which the German patriotic fiber could only revolt? We would be wrong to forget: Hitler came to power in January 1933 by the most legitimate means. His [[Nationalist Socialist Party]] won a majority in the parliamentary elections. The aging [[Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg]] had no choice but to allow him, at age 43, to form the new government, marking the end of the Weimar Republic. And the beginning of the [[Third Reich]], which, according to Hitler, would last 1,000 years."''</blockquote>
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From early on party meetings were attacked by communists. In 1921 the [[Sturmabteilung]] or the SA ("Storm Section") was created to guard meetings. Later the [[Schutzstaffel]] or the SS ("Protective Squadron") was created.<ref name=short%2F>
  
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<blockquote>''"From that moment on, events cascaded. The burning of the [[Reichstag]] came only a little before the openings of the first concentration camps, established for members of the opposition. Fear descended on the country and squeezed it in a vise. Great writers, musicians and painters went into exile to France and the U.S. Jews with foresight emigrated toward Palestine. The air of Hitler's Germany was becoming more and more suffocating. Those who preferred to wait, thinking that the Nazi regime would not last, could not last, would regret it later, when it was too late."''</blockquote>
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[[File:A002_FishingHut.jpg|thumb|right|Adolf Hitler's signature]]
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In 1923 Hitler attempted the coup later known as the [[Munich Putsch]]. While in prison for nine months he started creating the partly autobiographical and partly ideological book ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' which was published in 1925-26.
  
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<blockquote>''"The fact is that Hitler was beloved by his people — not the military, at least not in the beginning, but by the average Germans who pledged to him an affection, a tenderness and a fidelity that bordered on the irrational. It was idolatry on a national scale. One had to see the crowds who acclaimed him. And the women who were attracted to him. And the young who in his presence went into ecstasy. Did they not see the hateful mask that covered his face? Did they not divine the catastrophe he bore within himself?<ref name="time">http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/hitler.html"''</ref></blockquote>  
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After his release Hitler rebuilt the party which gained increasing support despite official attempts to suppress it such as by bans on public speeches.<ref name=short%2F>
  
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{{Clear}}
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The [[Great Depression]] had harsh effects on Germany. Social and political unrest increased sharply and support for parties offering radical solutions (nationalists and communists) increased greatly. The NSDAP became the single largest party but did not gain a majority of the votes. Fear of the communists and difficulty in forming a government without the NSDAP contributed to Hitler being made Chancellor on 30 January, 1933. Initially the NSDAP formed a coalition with the national conservative [[DNVP]] party.
  
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== Beliefs ==
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The confrontations with the communists were by the National Socialists described as being close to a civil war with up to this time 206 NDSAP party members murdered and 25,000 wounded in attacks. Many feared a communist revolution and rule of terror.<ref name=short%2F>
  
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According to Albert Speer, Hitler never left the Catholic Church, but was hostile to its teachings. He did admire its power. Hitler only mentioned [[Christianity]] in his speeches to gain votes and favor. Any voiced tolerance during the 1930s changed to targeted persecution, mainly of Protestant "resisters" to Nazism.<ref>McNab, Chris. ''The Third Reich''. (2009) pp. 182, 183</ref>
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The [[Reichstag fire]] on 27 February, 1933 caused the passing the next day of the [[Reichstag Fire Decree]] which suspended many  civil liberties and which was used suppress the communists. On 23 March, 1933 the Reichstag passed the [[Enabling Act]] giving wide-ranging powers to the cabinet. In the following months the NSDAP became the only legal party.
  
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Although Hitler may have had some Christian rhetoric in his speeches, he certainly rejected it on a personal level. In the book, ''Hitler's Table Talk'', it reveals that Hitler thought of Christianity as a great "scourge" of history.<ref>http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/facts/fm0110.htm {{dead link}}</ref>
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=== National Socialist Germany ===
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[[File:Adolf Hitler.png|thumb|250px|right|Adolf Hitler as chancellor at his desk]]
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Opinions on [[National Socialist Germany]] vary enormously. The politically correct view is a dysutopian totalitarian secret police dictatorship, persecuting Jews and other groups, ruthlessly purging internal dissidents such as [[Ernst Röhm]] during the "[[Night of the Long Knives]]", rearming and planning to start WWII in order to gain [[Lebensraum]], and especially in fictional descriptions with Hitler as an irrational, frenzied, ranting, erratic, and increasingly mad dictator. See the section "Less politically correct views on Hitler" below as well as the [[National Socialist Germany]] article and the "External links" section there regarding other views.
  
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See also: [[Atheists, Adolf Hitler and the no true Scottsman fallacy]]
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Regarding foreign policy before WWII, both sides may likely agree on some aspects such as Hitler stating a desire to reverse the argued unfair conditions of the [[Versailles Treaty]]. Germany reintroduced conscription and rearmed. The demilitarized zone in the Rhineland was abolished. Germany also united the ethnically German [[Austria]] and [[Sudetenland]] with Germany. In 1936, the [[Spanish Civil War]] started. It developed into a conflict between an increasingly communist dominated side (most notably supported by the Soviet Union) and nationalists (most notably supported by Germany and Italy). The nationalist side won the war in 1939. Various (often anti-communist) alliances were formed with the states constituting the [[Axis Powers]]  
  
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=== Hitler, Nazism and socialism ===
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=== World War II ===
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Regarding the causes of [[World War II]] (1939-45) see the articles [[Revisionist views on the causes of the World Wars]] and [[Causes of World War II]]. General WWII topics will not be discussed in this article.
  
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''For more information please see:'' [[Nazism and socialism]]
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After the landings of Allied forces in Normandy in June 1944, the [[20 July plot]] involved an attempt to take power in a coup and to assassinate Hitler. Hitler survived the bomb with only minor injuries.
  
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[[Image:Hitler.jpg|thumb|250px|right|One of the most well known political parties of the 20th century which was [[socialism|socialistic]] was the [[National Socialist German Workers Party]] (NAZI) which was headed by the [[Evolutionary racism|evolutionary racist]] Adolf Hitler.<ref>http://mises.org/daily/1937</ref><ref>http://creation.com/darwinism-and-the-nazi-race-holocaust</ref><ref>http://www.hourofthetime.com/socialist.htm</ref> ]]
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=== Death ===
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The [[Ludwig von Mises Institute]] declares:
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In April 1945, Soviet forces were attacking the outskirts of Berlin. Hitler's followers had urged him to flee to the mountains of Bavaria to make a last stand, but had Hitler decided to stay in the German capital. On 29 April, Hitler dictated his testament. Hitler was also informed of the the death of [[Benito Mussolini]] on 28 April.
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{{cquote|The identification of [[Nazi]] [[Germany]] as a [[socialism|socialist]] state was one of the many great contributions of [[Ludwig von Mises]]...
 
  
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The basis of the claim that Nazi Germany was capitalist was the fact that most industries in Nazi Germany appeared to be left in private hands.
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On [[April 30]], [[1945]] Soviet troops were within a block or two of the Reich Chancellery and the [[Führerbunker]]. Soviet forces, under the influence by anti-German propaganda by propagandists such as [[Ilya Ehrenburg]], committed large scale atrocities against Germans such as mass rapes of women. Hitler and his new wife [[Eva Braun]] committed suicide. Their bodies were burned and buried.
  
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What Mises identified was that private ownership of the means of production existed in name only under the Nazis and that the actual substance of ownership of the means of production resided in the German government. For it was the German government and not the nominal private owners that exercised all of the substantive powers of ownership: it, not the nominal private owners, decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid, and what dividends or other income the nominal private owners would be permitted to receive. The position of the alleged private owners, Mises showed, was reduced essentially to that of government pensioners.
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On May 2, Berlin surrendered  to the Russians. When Russian forces reached the Chancellery, they found Hitler's body and an autopsy was performed using dental records to confirm the identification. However, there is an ongoing dispute over the authenticity of the remains.
  
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De facto government ownership of the means of production, as Mises termed it, was logically implied by such fundamental collectivist principles embraced by the Nazis as that the common good comes before the private good and the individual exists as a means to the ends of the State. If the individual is a means to the ends of the State, so too, of course, is his property. Just as he is owned by the State, his property is also owned by the State.<ref>http://mises.org/daily/1937</ref>}}
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== Less politically correct views on Hitler ==
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=== General topics ===
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Various less politically correct views involving Hitler can be found in articles such as [[The Holocaust]], [[Lebensraum]], and [[Revisionist views on the causes of the World Wars]].
  
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=== Hitler and the Theory of Evolution ===
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=== Hitler as a replacement for the Devil ===
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''For more information please see:'' [[Evolutionary racism]] and [[Social effects of the theory of evolution]]
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Hitler has been seen as having an almost religious significance in today's secular Western societies and as having replaced some aspects of the Devil. See the [[Holocaustianity]] article.
  
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[[Image:Hitlerrisetopower.jpg|right|225px|thumb]]
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=== Argued statements by Hitler on the Holocaust ===
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The staunch [[evolution|evolutionist]] Stephen Gould admitted the following:
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[[Holocaust revisionist]]s obviously criticize important aspects of the politically correct view on Hitler. However, many are critical of various other aspects of National Socialist Germany.
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{{cquote|[[Ernst Haeckel|[Ernst] Haeckel]] was the chief apostle of evolution in [[Germany]].... His evolutionary racism; his call to the German people for racial purity and unflinching devotion to a "just" state; his belief that harsh, inexorable laws of evolution ruled human civilization and nature alike, conferring upon favored races the right to dominate others; the irrational mysticism that had always stood in strange communion with his brave words about objective science - all contributed to the rise of Nazism. -  Stephen J. Gould, "Ontogeny and Phylogeny," Belknap Press: Cambridge MA, 1977, pp.77-78).<ref>http://members.iinet.net.au/~sejones/social.html</ref>}}
 
  
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Robert E.D. Clark in his work ''Darwin: Before and After'' wrote concerning Hitler's evolutionary racism:
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[[David Irving]] is a special case who has disagreed with some aspects of the politically correct version of [[the Holocaust]] and has proposed the theory that Hitler personally was not aware of the Holocaust which was instead implemented in some form by underlings.
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{{cquote|The Germans were the higher race, destined for a glorious evolutionary future. For this reason it was essential that the Jews should be segregated, otherwise mixed marriages would take place. Were this to happen, all nature’s efforts 'to establish an evolutionary higher stage of being may thus be rendered futile' (''Mein Kampf''). <ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/1675</ref>}}
 
  
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Hitler wrote in ''Mein Kampf'':
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Regarding specific statements by Hitler on the Holocaust, since no documents signed by Hitler ordering the Holocaust have been found, non-revisionists have instead often quoted speeches by Hitler. See [[The_Holocaust#Speeches.2C_diaries.2C_and_private_conversations_by_the_National_Socialist_leaders|The Holocaust: Speeches, diaries, and private conversations by the National Socialist leaders]] on this topic in general.
−
{{cquote|The stronger must dominate and not blend with the weaker, thus sacrificing his own greatness. Only the born weakling can view this as cruel, but he, after all, is only a weak and limited man; for if this law did not prevail, any conceivable higher development (Hoherentwicklung) of organic living beings would be unthinkable.<ref>http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=268</ref>}}
 
  
−
Dr. Robert E.D. Clark wrote in his work ''Darwin, Before and After'' the following regarding Hitler and the theory of evolution: “Adolf Hitler’s mind was captivated by evolutionary teaching — probably since the time he was a boy. Evolutionary ideas — quite undisguised — lie at the basis of all that is worst in Mein Kampf — and in his public speeches”.<ref name="courier">http://www.christiancourier.com/articles/read/the_holocaust_why_did_it_happen</ref>
+
Non-revisionists have in particular quoted some statements made by Hitler before the war. This may however be inconsistent with the politically correct timetable according to which the decision to kill the Jews was made in 1941.
−
[[Image:5712dawkins.jpg|alt=Richard Dawkins|right|thumbnail|200px|[[Richard Dawkins]] is a prominent [[atheism|atheist]] and [[evolution|evolutionist]]. [[Richard Dawkins]] stated in an interview: “What’s to prevent us from saying Hitler wasn’t right? I mean, that is a genuinely difficult question."<ref>http://byfaithonline.com/page/in-the-world/richard-dawkins-the-atheist-evangelist</ref>  ]]
 
−
Richard Hickman in his work ''Biocreation'' concurs and wrote the following:
 
−
{{cquote|It is perhaps no coincidence that Adolf Hitler was a firm believer in and preacher of evolutionism. Whatever the deeper, profound, complexities of his [[psychosis]], it is certain that [the concept of struggle was important for]. . . his book, Mein Kampf clearly set forth a number of evolutionary ideas, particularly those emphasizing struggle, survival of the fittest and extermination of the weak to produce a better society. <ref>http://www.creationism.org/csshs/v08n3p24.htm</ref>}}
 
  
−
Noted evolutionary [[anthropology|anthropologist]] Sir Arthur Keith conceded the following in regards to Hitler: “The German Fuhrer, as I have consistently maintained, is an evolutionist; he has consciously sought to make the practices of Germany conform to the theory of evolution”.<ref name="courier" />
+
The most often quoted speech is one made in 1939 in the Reichstag: "Today I will once more be a prophet: If the international Jewish financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more in to a world war, then the result will not be the Bolshevization of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation [Vernichtung] of the Jewish race in Europe".<ref name=gr1>Holocaust Handbooks, Volume 15: Germar Rudolf: Lectures on the Holocaust—Controversial Issues Cross Examined 2nd, revised and corrected edition. http://holocausthandbooks.com/index.php?page_id=15</ref>
  
−
[[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning author Marilynne Robinson wrote the following regarding Hitler's racism in the November 2006 issue of ''Harper’s'' magazine:
+
Revisionists have argued that "Vernichtung" does necessarily means killing. See [[Meanings_and_translations_of_German_words_and_Holocaust_revisionism#Ambiguous_words|Meanings and translations of German words and Holocaust revisionism: Ambiguous words]].
−
{{cquote|While it is true that persecution of the Jews has a very long history in [[Europe]], it is also true that science in the twentieth century revived and absolutized persecution by giving it a fresh rationale — Jewishness was not religious or cultural, but genetic. Therefore no appeal could be made against the brute fact of a Jewish grandparent.
 
  
−
[[Richard Dawkins|[Richard] Dawkins]] deals with all this in one sentence. Hitler did his evil "in the name of ... an insane and unscientific [[eugenics]] theory." But eugenics is science as surely as totemism is religion. That either is in error is beside the point. Science quite appropriately acknowledges that error should be assumed, and at best it proceeds by a continuous process of criticism meant to isolate and identify error. So bad science is still science in more or less the same sense that bad religion is still religion. That both of them can do damage on a huge scale is clear. The prestige of both is a great part of the problem, and in the modern period the credibility of anything called science is enormous. As the history of eugenics proves, science at the highest levels is no reliable corrective to the influence of cultural prejudice but is in fact profoundly vulnerable to it.
+
Furthermore, revisionists argue that non-revisionists seldom quote what Hitler stated thereafter: "for the time when the non-Jewish nations had no propaganda is at an end. National Socialist Germany and Fascist Italy have institutions which enable them when necessary to enlighten the world about the nature of a question of which many nations are instinctively conscious, but which they have not yet clearly thought out... ...If this [Jewish] nation should once more succeed in inciting the millions which compose the nations into a conflict which is utterly senseless and only serves Jewish interests, then there will be revealed the effectiveness of an enlightenment which has completely routed the Jews in Germany in the space of a few years. The nations are no longer willing to die on the battlefield so that this unstable international race may profiteer from a war or satisfy its Old Testament vengeance." This is argued to show that Hitler wanted to "annihilate" the Jews by enlightening the world about their alleged evil plans and deeds, which had already led to their routing (=annihilation) in Germany within a few years. Furthermore, it is argued that the speech clearly outlines Hitler's policy of emigration and resettlement of the Jews.<ref name=gr1%2F>
  
−
There is indeed historical precedent in the [[Spanish Inquisition]] for the notion of hereditary Judaism. But the fact that the worst religious thought of the sixteenth century can be likened to the worst scientific thought of the twentieth century hardly redounds to the credit of science.<ref>http://solutions.synearth.net/2006/10/20</ref><ref>http://www.uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/someone-finally-said-it-dawkinss-hysterical-scientism/</ref>}}
+
Hitler referred to this prophecy in a later speech on January 30, 1941 and then stated "And I should like to repeat the warning that I have already once given, on September 1, 1939 [correct: Jan. 30, 1939], in the German Reichstag: namely, the warning that if Jewry drives the world into a general war, the role Jewry plays in Europe will be all over!”<ref name=gr1%2F>
  
−
[[Evolution|Evolutionist]] and [[atheism|atheist]] [[Richard Dawkins]] stated in an interview: “What’s to prevent us from saying Hitler wasn’t right? I mean, that is a genuinely difficult question."<ref>http://byfaithonline.com/page/in-the-world/richard-dawkins-the-atheist-evangelist</ref> The interviewer wrote, regarding the Hitler comment, "I was stupefied. He had readily conceded that his own [[philosophy|philosophical]] position did not offer a rational basis for moral judgments. His intellectual honesty was refreshing, if somewhat disturbing on this point."<ref>http://byfaithonline.com/page/in-the-world/richard-dawkins-the-atheist-evangelist</ref>
+
Himmler stated on November 23, 1942: “The Jewish question in Europe has completely changed. The Führer once said in a Reichstag speech: If Jewry triggers an international war, for example, to exterminate the Aryan people, then it won’t be the Aryans who will be exterminated, but Jewry. The Jews have been resettled outside Germany, they are living here, in the east, and are working on our roads, railways etc. This is a consistent process, but is conducted without cruelty."<ref name=gr1%2F>
  
−
=== Adolf Hitler and Abortion ===
+
The revisionist Thomas Dalton argues regarding Hitler that "From 1941 through late 1944, he conducted long private sessions with friends and party intimates. These discussions—monologues, actually—have been published as “Hitler’s Table Talk” (see Hitler 2000). Among a wide range of topics, he makes some 16 references to Jews and the Jewish question, over a period of about three years. Every one of these passages refers, in the German original, to evacuation and removal; not one refers to killing, gassing, or mass murder. For example:... ...Hitler obviously had no reason to hold back his language when speaking amongst such close colleagues. If he had truly wanted to kill the Jews, he would have said so—more than once, and in no uncertain terms. Instead we find not one instance of such talk. Perhaps this is why so few of our traditional historians cite these monologues of Hitler; such passages are hard to explain, on the standard view."<ref name=mystery>Thomas Dalton. The Great Holocaust Mystery: Reconsidering the Evidence. Inconvenient History. http://inconvenienthistory.com/archive/2014/volume_6/number_3/the_great_holocaust_mystery.php</ref>
  
−
''For more information see:'' [[Abortion and Adolf Hitler]]
+
See also the "External links" section regarding other argued statements by Hitler on the Holocaust
  
−
In 1942 Adolf Hitler declared:
+
=== "Who remembers the Armenians?" ===
−
{{cquote|In view of the large families of the Slav native population, it could only suit us if girls and women there had as many abortions as possible. We are not interested in seeing the non-[[German]] population multiply…We must use every means to instill in the population the idea that it is harmful to have several children, the expenses that they cause and the dangerous effect on woman's health… It will be necessary to open special institutions for abortions and doctors must be able to help out there in case there is any question of this being a breach of their professional ethics. <ref>http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2007/sep/07090708.html</ref>}}
+
Hitler was at the [[Nuremberg trials]] alleged to to have made the following statement involving the [[Armenian Genocide]]: "Our strength is in our quickness and our brutality. […] For the time being I have sent to the east only Death’s Head units, with the order to kill without pity or mercy all men, women and children. […] Who talks nowadays of the extermination of the Armenians?" <ref name=armenians>“Who Remembers the Armenians?” – Hitler Quote a Forgery http://codoh.com/library/document/1766/</ref>
  
−
== Similarities between Communism, Nazism and liberalism ==
+
This has been criticized as a forgery: "The statement was supposed to have been made at a meeting of the top German staff of the Obersalzberg on August 22, 1939. The document was released to the international press covering the Nuremberg War Crimes trials on Friday, November 23, 1945. The trials had commenced that Monday. The document was one of several made available to the press that day. Two-hundred-fifty copies were given to press correspondents, but only five copies were given to the 17 defense counsels – 24 hours before the Court convened on Monday!
  
−
''See also:'' [[Similarities between Communism, Nazism and liberalism]]
+
Much later in the trial, the German defense lawyers were able to introduce the most complete account of the address, taken down by German Admiral Hermann Boehm, which runs to 12 pages in translation. There is no mention of the Armenians or the rest of the “quotation.”"<ref name=armenians%2F>
  
−
{| class="wikitable"
+
=== Werner Maser ===
−
|-
+
Werner Maser (not a Holocaust revisionist) was considered one the foremost experts on Hitler and possibly the foremost. After his retirement he in 2004 published a less politically correct book criticizing and rejecting many politically correct, speculative, and negative views on Hitler. [[Germar Rudolf]] wrote in a review of the book that "Hitler had no Jewish ancestors; he had nothing to do with the suicide of his niece; he was an active heterosexual person all through his life; he was a fairly gifted painter and composer (!); since his early childhood, he was known as a very courageous and strong-willed individual; even though he had no academic education, he was very well read; he was a virtuous orator, a gifted diplomatic negotiator, a good listener, a talented military strategist, and on top of it all perfectly healthy both mentally as well as physically, aside from a few minor health issues in his later years due to his age and the stress of his life during the war."<ref name=maser>The Courage of a Secure Retiree: A Review http://codoh.com/library/document/1748/</ref>
−
!
 
−
![[Communism|Communist]] Manifesto
 
−
![[Nazi]] Party Platform
 
−
!Analysis
 
−
|-
 
−
|1
 
−
|"Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes."
 
−
|"We demand an agrarian reform in accordance with our national requirements, and the enactment of a law to expropriate the owners without compensation of any land needed for the common purpose. The abolition of ground rents, and the prohibition of all speculation in land."
 
−
|The stripping away of land from private owners.  [[Liberalism]] today demands "eminent domain" on property.
 
−
|-
 
−
|2
 
−
|"A heavy progressive or graduated income tax."
 
−
|"We demand the nationalization of all trusts...profit-sharing in large industries...a generous increase in old-age pensions...by providing maternity welfare centers, by prohibiting juvenile labor...and the creation of a national (folk) army."
 
−
|The points raised in the [[Nazi]] platform demand an increase in taxes to support them.  Liberalism today demands heavy progressive and graduated income taxes.
 
−
|-
 
−
|3
 
−
|"Abolition of all rights of inheritance."
 
−
|"That all unearned income, and all income that does not arise from work, be abolished."
 
−
|Liberalism today demands a "death tax" on anyone inheriting an estate.
 
−
|-
 
−
|4
 
−
|"Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels."
 
−
|"We demand that all non-Germans who have entered Germany since August 2, 1914, shall be compelled to leave the Reich immediately."
 
−
|The Nuremburg Laws of 1934 allowed Germany to take Jewish property.
 
−
|-
 
−
|5
 
−
|"Centralisation of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly."
 
−
|"We demand the nationalization of all trusts."
 
−
|Central control of the financial system.
 
−
|-
 
−
|6
 
−
|"Centralisation of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State."
 
−
|"We demand that there be a legal campaign against those who propagate deliberate political lies and disseminate them through the press...editors and their assistants on newspapers published in the German language shall be German citizens...Non-German newspapers shall only be published with the express permission of the State...the punishment for transgressing this law be the immediate suppression of the newspaper..."
 
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|Central control of the press.  Liberals today demand control or suppression of talk radio and Fox News.
 
−
|-
 
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|7
 
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|"Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children’s factory labour in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production, &c, &c."
 
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|"In order to make it possible for every capable and industrious German to obtain higher education, and thus the opportunity to reach into positions of leadership, the State must assume the responsibility of organizing thoroughly the entire cultural system of the people. The curricula of all educational establishments shall be adapted to practical life. The conception of the State Idea (science of citizenship) must be taught in the schools from the very beginning. We demand that specially talented children of poor parents, whatever their station or occupation, be educated at the expense of the State. "
 
−
|Central control of education, with an emphasis on doing things their way.  Liberals today are doing things ''their way'' in our schools.
 
−
|-
 
−
|}
 
  
−
==War==
+
Maser also rejected a number of other claims regarding Hitler and National Socialist Germany:<ref name=maser%2F>
−
[[Image:Hitler munich1914.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Hitler in the crowd in Munich, 1914, reacting to the news of Germany's entry in the First World War.]]
+
*The fire of the Reichstag building shortly after Hitler rose to power was set by the Nazis; the communist Marius van der Lubbe was only the scapegoat.
−
By 1913 Hitler was in Munich, Germany, with war clouds on the horizon. Classified as unfit for service in the Austrian army (possibly by faking, as he did not like the thought of serving Austria) in 1914, he volunteered for the German Army, joining the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment, greeting the war with enthusiasm, and finding the military discipline and comradeship satisfying. He served during the entire [[First World War]] as a messenger carrying dispatches between units, and often at the front lines under fire; he was wounded in 1916, and gassed in 1918. His bravery during this time earned him the [[Iron Cross]], 2nd Class, in December, 1914, and in August 1918 he was awarded the Iron Cross, 1st Class – a rare decoration for a corporal. But the gassing would take him out of the war and into a hospital, where he would be told the heart-wrenching news of Germany’s defeat the following November.
+
**Marius van der Lubbe was indeed the sole perpetrator.
 +
*The massacre after the so-called Röhm Putsch was initiated by Hitler.
 +
**Röhm had indeed planned a putsch and was thus the initiator of the massacre, of which he became a victim because Hitler intervened personally.
 +
*Concentration camps were an invention of the Third Reich.
 +
**Earlier the first president of the Weimar Republic, Friedrich Ebert, put left-wing extremists into concentration camps, and the USA relocated Japanese residing on U.S. soil into concentration camps.
 +
*The secret protocol to the Hitler-Stalin-Pact stated that the Baltic countries and other eastern Europeans areas could be annexed by the USSR.
 +
**The definition of “spheres of interest” was not considered to be equal to the right to invade and annex other countries, as a German protest note declared on Nov. 3, 1940.
 +
*Hitler is responsible for the escalation of the air warfare.
 +
**The British air force started the air warfare, and Hitler reluctantly reacted to these provocations.
 +
*Hitler made a wild dance after Paris surrendered.
 +
**This is a forged film footage.
 +
*Hitler attacked the peace-loving Soviet Union without provocation.
 +
**The German Wehrmacht waged a preventive war against the Red Army, which made preparations to overrun entire continental Europe.
 +
*Three million soviet soldiers were deliberately left to die of starvation in German POW camps.
 +
**1.784 million Soviet soldiers who were taken prisoners by the Germans did not return home, mainly because of Stalin's politics of “scorched earth,” which made it impossible to deliver sufficient supplies to both the German troops and all the prisoners they had taken.
  
−
==Path to power==
+
=== Ernst Nolte ===
−
After the war ended, Hitler's future seemed uncertain. There was much discontent among demobilized veterans because of the lack of employment. The German military had felt it had not been defeated; indeed, the German Army stood on foreign soil when the Armistice was signed November 11, 1918 and not a square inch of German soil had been occupied. This was despite the fact that the German Army's strongest position, the Hindenburg line, had been broken by the Allies, and the German Army itself was in full retreat. However, the army felt they had done their job, and the nation had been "stabbed in the back" by a gang of traitors made up of civilian political leaders who betrayed the Fatherland. The "myth" that Germany had been defeated was the "big lie" Hitler spoke of, as if repeating it often enough would cause people to believe it.
+
[[Mark Weber]] in a review of a 1993 book by the German historian Ernst Nolte wrote that "As he makes repeatedly clear in this book, the Berlin professor is certainly no Nazi or “apologist for Hitler.” (Nolte might best be characterized as a skeptical traditionalist.) At the same time, though, he attempts, throughout this book, to come to grips with the meaning of Hitler, presenting a complex view of the German leader that contrasts sharply with the popular media image." Weber stated that:<ref>A Prominent German Historian Tackles Taboos of Third Reich History  http://codoh.com/library/document/2494/</ref>
 +
*"Contrary to the widespread view of Hitler as a person of no real education or deep understanding, the transcripts of the German leader’s freewheeling “table talk” remarks to colleagues alone show him to have been a man of extraordinary intelligence, perception and wide-ranging knowledge. Hitler understood English and French, and some Italian. He read widely, and had an astonishing knowledge in many fields. A reading of the transcripts of his conversations with minister Albert Speer, for example, shows that Hitler had a specialist’s understanding of armaments".
 +
*"Compelling evidence" has been argued to show that Hitler was a "remarkably more far-sighted, subtle, intelligent and “modern” leader than historians have understood or acknowledged."  This including areas such as the military field and predicting the postwar world.
 +
*Hitler is argued to have successfully won the support of the great majority of Germans.
 +
*"Hitler’s success in bringing Germany out of the worldwide Great Depression, and in creating an “economic miracle” with full employment and prosperity with stable prices."
 +
*"An “incredible achievement” was Hitler’s success, within just five years, of transforming a forcibly demilitarized nation into Europe’s strongest military power."
 +
*Rather than being centralized, totalitarian state, power in National Socialist Germany is argued to have been widely diffused between a number of state and party agencies competing with one another. Furthermore, entire ministries and the German armed forces remained almost or largely free of NSDAP influence. This contributed to an argued surprising degree of "plurality" in cultural and intellectual life.
 +
*The book took note of "the Third Reich’s innovative large-scale urban planning and environmental policies, its promotion of modern housing for the general population, education of gifted children from poor families in progressive but elite schools, a strong democratization process within the German armed forces, the character of the National Socialist party as a broad-based, non-sectarian “peoples party,” and the elimination of mass unemployment and job creation through programs that can be called "Keynesian"."
 +
*"Even Dr. Goebbels’ much-maligned propaganda machinery might more accurately be described (pp. 150 f.) as a "modern instrument of government on an American model, through which the democracies seek to continue their rule in the post-bourgeois society and to perpetuate their technocratic system.""
 +
*"historians have too readily accepted the Soviet regime’s propaganda image of itself. Far too many western historians have failed to appreciate the bloody reality of Soviet Communism, or the very real threat it posed to Europe.... For millions of Europeans in the 1920s and 1930s, the Red Star and the Swastika represented the only realistic alternatives for the future of Germany, and indeed, of the entire West. Hitler was by no means the only European leader who took seriously the Soviet danger to European order, culture and civilization. Without the reality of this threat, the “fascist” response of Germany (and other European nations) is hardly imaginable. Hitler, in Nolte’s view, was an anti-Communist of “Communist” decisiveness and spiritual energy. Alone among his contemporaries, he fought Communism with radical, “non-bourgeois” ruthlessness. (pp. 349–367). Nolte writes (pp. 366 f.): Twentieth century world history is only understandable when one is willing to acknowledge the connection made by the enemies of Bolshevism between a fear of annihilation and an intention of annihilation, and to recognize the simple truth that the statements of anti-Communists about the misdeeds of Bolshevism were, in fact, well grounded. Since 1990, at the latest, these are facts that no longer be seriously disputed, and that even the propagandistic exaggerations [of anti-Communists] reflected a rational core ... One day the question of the hierarchy of motives of Hitler and National Socialism will become a matter of dispute in the scholarly literature, and the thesis of the primacy of anti-Communism is likely to be a main point."
  
−
After his discharge from the hospital, Hitler acted as an army political agent, assigned in Munich to gather information on the various political parties which had spring up amid the social chaos following Germany’s defeat. In September 1919, he was given orders to investigate the relatively-minor German Workers’ Party (''Deutsche Arbeiterpartei''; DAP); intrigued by the party’s apparatus and its racial, pan-German nationalism, he joined, becoming its 55th member. He remained on the army payroll until he was discharged in March 1920. By then, the party had changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers Party (''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei''; NSDAP) or Nazi Party. Hitler had already devoted himself to improving the party’s propaganda, as well as his own position within.
+
=== Lawrence Birken ===
 +
Mark Weber in a review of a 1996 book by Lawrence Birken stated that "In spite of decades of vehement vilification, says author Lawrence Birken, Hitler’s views have enduring and dangerous appeal – not because they are bizarre and alien, but precisely because they are rational and well grounded in Western thought. In particular, Birken stresses, Hitlerism is firmly rooted in the rationalist and scientific outlook of the 18th-century European Enlightenment."<ref name=Enl>Hitler as 'Enlightenment Intellectual': The Enduring Allure of Hitlerism  http://codoh.com/library/document/2711/</ref>
  
−
Conditions in Germany fostered the development of the party.  Economic woes brought widespread discontent, added to the furor surrounding the loss of the war and the harsh terms heaped upon Germany by the Allied Powers in the Versailles Peace Treaty.  Bavaria’s traditional separatism from the central government in Berlin made current conditions especially sharp, and Hitler was savvy enough to take full advantage of them.  When he joined, he found the party ineffective in leadership and uncertain as to its aims; he accepted the party program, but regarded it as a means to an end. He caused friction with other members of the party, and their attempts to control him caused a threat of resignation; realizing that the future of the party now depended on Hitler, who clearly had a talent of organization, fund collecting, and above all, speaking, they declined to accept it; from July, 1921 Hitler was the party leader with nearly unlimited power. From his party newspaper, ''Völkischer Beobachter'' (“Popular Observer”), he spewed out propaganda. The meetings where he spoke grew from mere handfuls to hundreds, and then to thousands. A man of charismatic personality, he quickly attracted a circle of loyal and devoted followers: [[Rudolf Hess]], [[Hermann Göring]], Julius Streicher, and Alfred Rosenberg.
+
"Scholars and others have made a major mistake in failing to take Hitler seriously as a thinker, argues Birken, who believes that the German political leader “must be regarded as a genuine intellectual”... As he notes, as early as 1953, British historian Hugh R. Trevor-Roper “evoked the image of Hitler as a kind of synthesis of Spengler and Napoleon, noting that of all world conquerors the German leader had been the most ‘philosophical’...” More recently, German historian Rainer Zitelmann established in a study of impressive scholarship that Hitler’s outlook was rational, self-consistent and “modern.”""<ref name=Enl%2F>
  
−
Munich was also a gathering place for former servicemen dissatisfied with conditions in the country; members of the Freikorps, which had been organized after the war from army units that refused to return to civilian life; and those civilians who plotted against the republic. Many of these men joined the Nazi Party. Among them was a staff member of the district command who had joined the German Workers’ Party before Hitler, [[Ernst Röhm]], a pudgy man with a scared face who saw his own ambition in helping further Hitler’s rise within the party. Röhm recruited what came to be known as the “Brown Shirts”, the violent squads used to attack socialists, battle communists, and to protect party meetings whenever Hitler was speaking. By 1921 they were organized into a private army of the Party called the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'', abbreviated to SA.
+
"As Birken explains, Hitler believed that “all growth could be traced to individual effort – but only at the service of the common good. He thus tempered what might be taken as a ‘libertarian’ definition of inventiveness with a somber collectivism.” Believing that socially useful creativity was “the product of individual geniuses of high personality value,” Hitler supported equal social opportunity for all, and opposed legal and social barriers to individual economic achievement and success. Governmental and social policies, he believed, should encourage merit-based social mobility. Hitler was critical of both capitalism and Marxism – the first because it was “insufficiently democratic,” and the latter because it was “too democratic” or “leveling.” While supporting economic growth across national boundaries, “Hitler also took what he considered to be a conservative stand against the coming hyper-commercialism of an emerging global economy.”""<ref name=Enl%2F>
  
−
==The Beer Hall Putsch==
+
"Although he is endlessly castigated as “the most notorious racist of the twentieth century,” Hitler’s racial views were actually quite in harmony with mainstream 19th- and early 20th-century European thinking....Far from being aberrant or bizarre, his views on race were consistent with those of most prominent Westerners in the decades before the Second World War.... Contrary to popular belief, Hitler never supported notions of breeding a homogenous blond “hyper-Aryan” race. Accepting the reality that the German population consisted of several distinct sub-racial groups, he stressed the German people’s national and social unity. A certain degree of racial variety was desirable, he thought, and too much racial blending or homogeneity could be harmful because it would homogenize and thus eliminate superior as well as inferior genetic traits. Hitler believed that “both conservative prudery and radical eroticism” harmed society, and he opposed birth control because it tended to lower the genetic quality of the society that practices it."<ref name=Enl%2F>
−
Germany in 1923 was marked by social and political unrest caused by hyperinflation. In this time Hitler was able convince [[Erich Ludendorff]], an accomplished  general and leader of the German forces in the first World War, to join him in a coup d'etat (''Putsch'' in German). When Hitler learned that the nationalist prime minister of Bavaria was giving a speech to 3000 officials in one of Munich's biggest beer halls (the Haufbrau Haus), he ordered his paramilitaries to surround the building. Hitler went inside and took the prime minister hostage, announced a revolution, and attempted to convince him to join the coup against Berlin and become member in his new administration. The Bavarian prime minister agreed under pressure, but informed the nation via radio later that night that he did not support Hitler. The prime minister also informed the federal government in Berlin; the putsch had begun to fail.  
 
  
−
The next morning, 9 November 1923, Hitler and Ludendorff were marching with approximately 2000 partly armed supporters through Munich in a show of strength to regain the momentum. In the ensuing fight between Hitler's marchers and a cordon of police and army units at least 14 Nazi supporters and three policemen were killed and hundreds wounded. Ludendorff handed himself over to the authorities, while Hitler fled soon after the fighting began. Hitler was arrested a few days later at a friend's house, were had been in hiding since the failed coup. Ludendorff was acquitted of all charges, while Hitler was sentenced to 5 years in prison (he would do eight months). <ref>http://history1900s.about.com/cs/thirdreich/a/beerhallputsch_2.htm</ref><ref>http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/putsch2.htm</ref> The Bavarian prime minister, who foiled the plan, was killed in 1934 in the "Night of the Long Knives".
+
"Hitler’s attitude toward the United States was mixed. He saw much to admire in 18th- and 19th-century America, and as Birken notes, he praised this country’s pre-1940s pro-White racial policies, its restrictions on non-White immigration, and its pioneering adoption of eugenics measures. But Hitler also saw ominous trends during the 1920s and 1930s. Echoing the views of American industrialist Henry Ford, he was dismayed by the spectacular growth of Jewish power and cultural influence, and regarded Franklin Roosevelt’s “New Deal” administration as a virtual revolution in American life, through which Jews largely usurped the country’s traditional ruling class."<ref name=Enl%2F>
  
−
===''Mein Kampf''===
+
"The defeat of Germany in 1945, Birken rightly notes, “clearly marked a watershed” in world history, and especially for the West: In a real sense, Hitler’s defeat implicitly became the defeat of the European nation-state and the Enlightenment values that underpinned it."<ref name=Enl%2F>
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{{main|Mein Kampf}}
 
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Hitler had his inner circle as frequent visitors in his prison cell, which was made more comfortable due to his celebrity.  While there, he dictated to Rudolf Hess the first volume of ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' (“My Struggle”), his political autobiography and a compendium of his many ideas, including his [[evolutionist]] ideas.
 
  
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Hitler believed in the inequality of the races, nations, and individuals as part of the natural order of mankind, and chief among them was the exalted “Aryan race”, and the greatest of the Aryans were the Germans.  It was the German, according to Hitler, that gave the world civilization and the arts; to safeguard the German people as a race (the “Volk”), they would need to be united under a single leader (the Führer), where they would be protected from their three principle enemies: Marxism, which included social democracy as well as communism; democracy and its mob-rule, as shown by the failings of the Weimar Republic; and above all what Hitler called the poisoners of humanity, the Jews.  “Rational anti-Semitism must lead to systematic legal opposition,” he wrote in 1919. “Its final objective must be the removal of the Jews altogether.” In Mein Kampf, he told the world that the Jew was the “destroyer of culture,” “a parasite within the nation,” and “a menace.”
+
=== John Mosier ===
 +
Joseph Bishop wrote in a review of a 2010 book by the historian John Mosier "Instead of a mad dictator greedy to conquer the world and making endless blunders, Hitler is presented as a sane and rational man making sensible and very smart decisions, understanding strategy and global politics far better than his generals."<ref name=dr>DEATHRIDE: Hitler vs. Stalin: the Eastern Front, 1941-1945 http://codoh.com/library/document/3133/</ref>
  
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From "Mein Kampf":
+
"A common tendency of German generals after the war was to go along with many of these assumptions. They sought to distance themselves from Hitler and National Socialism, presenting him as a sort of pied piper who misled and then forced them into the war. According to this self-serving version, all the things that went wrong were due to Hitler's crazy decisions and meddlings, while all that went right were as a result of the genius of the generals themselves. The objective was firstly to protect their own reputations, secondly to protect the image of the German General Staff, and thirdly to simply survive in post-war Germany and shore up their relationship with the conquerors, particularly the USA, which occupied—and arguably continues to occupy—defeated Germany. Mosier points out that in nearly all cases, Hitler was right in his decisions while his generals were wrong. The German officer caste was trained to seize major cities and especially capitals, but Hitler understood that modern wars were more economic in nature—conflicts to seize resources both to deny the enemy the ability to wage war while at the same time increasing one's own ability to do so."<ref name=dr%2F>
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{{cquote|The Jew "... he blares out his merits to the rest of the world until people really begin to believe in them. Anyone who does not believe in them is doing him a bitter injustice. In a short time he begins to twist things around to make it look as if all the injustice in the world had always been done to him and not the other way around." <ref> [http://www.hitler.org/writings/Mein_Kampf/mkv1ch11.html Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler.]</ref> }}
 
  
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{{cquote| Hitler portrays Jews as leaders in politics and banking, both groups seeking to strengthen their cause, [[Zionism]], to ensure Jewish domination. From his Social Darwinist perspective, Hitler perceived a racial war as inevitable and he sought to halt the "[[Jewish]] drive towards world conquest"... As Berlin collapsed around him, Adolf asserted: "Out of the ruins of our towns and monuments hatred will grow against those finally responsible for everything, International Jewry." <ref> [http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=32043&amid=30237234 Mein Kampf – The Text, its Themes and Hitler’s Vision] Robert Carr dissects a book frequently referred to but seldom read. </ref>
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"What is revealed is that the casualties on both sides reflected a ratio of about 5:1 favoring the German forces. With a USSR population of about 170 million at that time and a German population of close to 100 million, the Russians could not long sustain a ratio of greater than 2:1. In other words, the attrition rate was bleeding Russia dry in manpower. Hitler understood this and wisely strove to continue the process. Hence his 'stand fast' orders in 1941 and later, causing further attritive combats resulting in tremendous disparities in losses, again favoring Germany."<ref name=dr%2F>
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}}
 
  
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==Rebuilding the Nazi Party==
+
"So how could the Soviets have won the war then? Mosier shows how, firstly, the USSR received tremendous amounts of lend-lease and other forms of aid from the USA and Britain. Trucks, aircraft, American tanks, fuel oils, food, all was amply, even hugely provided to the Soviets and indeed saved them from destruction at the hands of the Germans—all contrary to the Stalinist myth that said aid was insignificant and played little or no role in the Red Army's defeat of the Wehrmacht. Secondly, in spite of Stalin's repeated demands for an Allied 'second front' to take the pressure off Russia, in point of fact several such fronts were already draining Germany's resources—a second front in the air over Germany itself, a third front in the Battle of the Atlantic, a fourth front in the war in North Africa and then Sicily and Italy—all before the fifth front D-Day invasion of France in June 1944."<ref name=dr%2F>
  
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[[Image:Hitler-3.jpg‎ |right|200px|thumb|Hitler in car, saluting passing S.A. at one of many parades.]]
+
"An interesting and unique conclusion drawn by the author is that the Soviet Union's gigantic manpower losses and physical destruction suffered during the war, ultimately led to the collapse of communism in that country several decades later. If this is so, then Adolf Hitler is the man or agent to be credited with that seminal event."<ref name=dr%2F>
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Internal dissension within the party caused it to languish while Hitler was in prison.  When he was released he saw difficulties in the country that had not existed before the Putsch, namely currency reform that brought economic stability, and the scaling back of the war reparations as a result of the Dawes Plan.  Hitler was also forbidden to speak in public, and remained so until 1928; nonetheless he worked to rebuild the party and re-establish his own position within it as leader, despite Gregor Strasser’s opposition in northern Germany. By 1927 the number of Nazis was in the hundreds of thousands.
 
  
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A new period of political and economic instability began with the onset of the Great Depression which threw millions out of work in Europe and North America. To campaign against the [[Young Plan]] (a second renegotiation of war reparations payments) Hitler made an alliance with one of Germany’s leading nationalists, Alfred Hugenberg, whose newspapers enabled Hitler to reach a national audience for the first time. The alliance also had another advantage: it enabled him to seek support from many in business and industry who controlled funds going into politics, and who themselves were desirous of seeing Germany under the control of a strong anti-Soviet and anti-Communist regime.  The subsidies Hitler received placed the Nazi Party on a strong financial footing, enabling him to make his emotional appeal to the lower middle class and the unemployed in his faith that Germany would recover from its suffering and be a great nation once more. The alliance with the industrialists also demonstrated another aspect of Hitler, a skill of effectively using those that would use him, which many would discover when it was too late.
+
=== Viktor Suvorov ===
 +
''Icebreaker: Who Started the Second World War?'' is a 1987 less politically correct book by the former Soviet military intelligence officer Viktor Suvorov. The book, and several subsequent ones by Suvorov and others (such as ''The Chief Culprit: Stalin's Grand Design to Start World War II''), argue that Stalin, as demanded by the Marxist-Leninist theory of a world communist revolution, had always intended to start a world war of conquest for communism.  
  
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The electoral strength of the Nazis grew during the Depression, as unceasing propaganda accused the government of failing to improve conditions for the working man. By the fall of 1930 the Nazis captured more than 18 percent of the vote, compared to just 2.6 percent in 1928.  Hitler captured 36.8 percent of the vote when he opposed Paul von Hindenburg in the 1932 presidential election; his mass following put him in such a strong position that he entered a series of closed-door intrigues with Franz von Papen, Oskar Hindenburg, and Otto Meissner, all sharing a fear and loathing of a communist government. Despite the party losing votes in the November, 1932 election, Hitler insisted on nothing less than the office of chancellor for himself.  For him, it was all or nothing.  Hindenburg offered it to him on January 30, 1933.
+
Preparations for this is argued to have started already in the 1920s. This included preparations for in the future inciting a devastating war similar to World War I between Germany and other capitalist countries. This would cause the capitalist countries to be greatly weakened, ripe with internal unrest, and then easily conquered by later communist invasions and internal communist uprisings. Therefore, already in the 1920s and long before Hitler became ruler, Stalin started to provide Germany with various forms of covert support and enabled Germany to covertly start to rearm by allowing secret German weapons testing and production to begin in the Soviet Union. Stalin even directly helped National Socialism (viewed as an "icebreaker" for communism) to come to power by measures such as by ordering the German Communist Party to not cooperate with the German Social Democrats against the National Socialists.  
  
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==In power==
+
Hitler, however, foiled Stalin's plans and almost won the war by quickly conquering most of Europe and making a preemptive attack on the Soviet Union. After devastating losses the Soviet Union survived and even expanded but Stalin is argued to have seen the outcome of World War II as a loss.  
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Almost immediately, Hitler established himself as dictator.  Less than a month after taking office, on February 27 the Reichstag building was set on fire under mysterious circumstances (but officially blamed on a feeble-minded Dutch communist, Marinus van der Lubbe); Hitler soon after succeeded in getting several decrees passed removing much of the freedom guaranteed the constitution in the name of state security, and which also allowed an intensified campaign of violence against dissidents.  Incredibly, in a special election set in those conditions on March 5, the Nazis won 43.9 percent of the vote.  On March 21, the new Reichstag assembled at the Potsdam Church, as much a show of unity between the old guard under Hindenburg and the Nazis as it was a show of peace.  Two days later the Enabling Act was passed, giving Hitler full powers; with the exception of the Nazis, all other political parties, including those which had helped pass the Enabling Act, ceased to exist within three months.  Many of their leaders were imprisoned in concentration camps.
 
  
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===Night of the Long Knives===
+
A review of the book ''The Last Republic'' by Suvorov wrote that "Stalin revealed his disappointment over the war’s outcome in several ways. First, he had Marshal Georgi Zhukov, not himself, the supreme commander, lead the victory parade in 1945. Second, no official May 9 victory parade was even authorized until after Stalin’s death. Third, Stalin never wore any of the medals he was awarded after the end of the Second World War. Fourth, once, in a depressed mood, he expressed to members of his close circle his desire to retire now that the war was over. Fifth, and perhaps most telling, Stalin abandoned work on the long-planned Palace of Soviets. The enormous Palace of Soviets, approved by the Soviet government in the early 1930s, was to be 1,250 feet tall, surmounted with a statue of Lenin 300 feet in height – taller than New York’s Empire State Building... All the world’s “socialist republics,” including the “last republic,” would ultimately be represented in the Palace. The main hall of this secular shrine was to be inscribed with the oath that Stalin had delivered in quasi-religious cadences at Lenin’s burial. It included the words: “When he left us, Comrade Lenin bequeathed to us the responsibility to strengthen and expand the Union of Socialist Republics. We vow to you, Comrade Lenin, that we shall honorably carry out this, your sacred commandment.”<ref>Exposing Stalin's Plan to Conquer Europe  http://codoh.com/library/document/2770/</ref>
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[[Image:HitlerRohm1933.JPG|right|200px|thumb|Hitler with Ernst Röhm in 1933]]
 
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[[File:Diego Rivera, Hitler, Panel of Mural for the New Workers School, New York City, 1933..jpg|thumb|left|Hitler by [[Diego Rivera]], 1933.]]
 
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Hitler, however, did not wish to start an immediate revolution. In order to implement his ideas he still needed the support of the army. But he did have one growing problem that was a thorn in the army’s side, the three million-plus men of the [[SA]] and their leader, [[Ernst Röhm]], who wanted nothing less than to merge the SA into the much smaller army, with himself in overall command. At first, Hitler tried getting Röhm’s support by persuasion, but Hitler’s inner circle was for removing him by any means possible. On June 29, 1934, Hitler ordered a purge, flew towards a resort near Munich where a number of SA leaders were vacationing, and had them all arrested; many would be shot without trial. Refusing to shoot himself when offered, Röhm was killed in his cell at Dachau, his last words, ironically, “Mein Führer, mein Führer!” <ref>http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/roehm.htm</ref><ref>http://www.adolfhitler.ws/lib/nsdap/Rohm.html {{dead link}}</ref><ref>http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/nazi/innenpolitik/roehm/index.html</ref> The purge took place between June 30 and July 2, 1934.
 
  
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On July 13, Hitler gave speech in the Reichstag, announcing that some seventy-four individuals had been shot for threatening the stability of the Reich.
+
=== "Fourteen Days that Saved the World" ===
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:''"If anyone reproaches me and asks why I did not resort to the regular courts of justice, then all I can say is this: In this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German people, and thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people…It was no secret that this time the revolution would have to be bloody; when we spoke of it we called it 'The Night of the Long Knives.' Everyone must know for all future time that if he raises his hand to strike the State, then certain death is his lot." ''
+
Some have gone beyond arguing that the invasion of the Soviet Union was a defensive war and argued that it prevented "the Soviet conquest of Europe scheduled to begin early in the morning of Sunday 6 July 1941. Suvorov’s revelations about the massive expansion of the NKVD (the blood-soaked forerunner of the KGB) are particularly chilling: these killers would have moved behind the assault troops to liquidate “class enemies.” The Bolshevik torture chambers and death pits which claimed millions of victims in the enslaved nations of the East would have spread throughout the West as well. With Germany and France under the Soviet jackboot, Italy and Spain would quickly have fallen too. And Stalin’s one million paratroopers would have made short work of seizing the airfields of southern England to clear the way for a full-scale invasion. Lenin and his pupil Stalin never made any secret of their desire for a Second World War to establish a Communist Europe. For the fact that this monstrous plan failed, the pseudo-democrats, simpering priests and court historians have no-one to thank but Adolf Hitler. If it had not been for the man they love to hate, they would have been the first against the wall."<ref>Fourteen Days that Saved the World http://www.heretical.com/miscella/14days.html</ref>
  
−
Hitler also used this event to settle his account with other opponents, such as Georg Strasser, who stood for a more socialist and less racist national socialism, and the former Bavarian prime minister who foiled the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. Satisfied that the SA leadership was thoroughly broken up (thousands of SA members were either arrested or killed that night), the army approved of Hitler’s actions. Hindenburg died a few days later on August 2, and Hitler merged the office of president with the chancellorship, and with it the supreme command of the German armed forces.  During this time the world was slowly recovering economically from the Depression, but it quickened in Germany, coincidently with Hitler’s rise to power.  Taking credit for the recovery made him very popular, bringing him a 90 percent approval rating in a voter plebiscite that year.
+
=== Other views ===
 +
Hitler continues to be a controversial figure, adored and hated. In the later literature, despite the massive Jewish orchestrated hate campaign, some have referred to Hitler's legacy in neutral or favourable terms. [[John F. Kennedy]] wrote of Hitler in ''Prelude to Leadership: The European Diary of John F. Kennedy'' that "he had in him the stuff of which legends are made." Former Egyptian President [[Anwar Sadat]] wrote favourably of Hitler in [[1953]]. [[Louis Farrakhan]] has referred to him as a "very great man". [[Bal Thackeray]], leader of the national [[Hindu Shiv Sena]] party in the Indian state of the Maharashtra, declared in [[1995]] that he was an admirer of Hitler.
  
−
===Beginnings of expansion===
+
=== Later National Socialists ===
−
In matters of state, the running of domestic affairs was left to subordinates, which was something Hitler had little attention for. Foreign policy always peaked his interest, in so much as to the advantages of a “Greater Germany”, which was his chief ambition.  The first part of realizing this, according to ''Mein Kampf'', was to be a reunion of the German peoples within Europe; the second would be an expansion of Germany to the east (lebensraum).  Expanding would mean a renewed conflict with the Slavic peoples, whom Hitler intended to serve as slaves to the “New German Order.”  To follow through on his ambitions, he would have to remove Poland and the Soviet Union as countries; France also would have to be stabilized in the west, as she was Germany’s enemy for more than a century.  He counted as possible allies Italy, with its fascist government under [[Benito Mussolini]], and Britain, whom he regarded as having a similar, Teutonic heritage.
+
Obviously individuals and organizations describing themselves as National Socialists have not politically correct views on Hitler. In the [[United States]], [[George Lincoln Rockwell]] revived Hitler’s movement by forming the [[American Nazi Party (1959-1966)|American Nazi Party]]. Later other National Socialist parties began to form around the world.
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[[Image:Hitler6-thumb.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Hitler with his dog, Blondie.]]
 
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Before any of his ambitions could take place, there was one thing he detested which needed immediate removal: the restrictions placed upon Germany by the Treaty of Versailles at the end of World War I.  Posing as a man of peace to allay suspicions, he insisted that he was a champion of Europe wishing only for the removal of the inequalities leveled by the treaty, and  posturing as a shield against Bolshevism.  In October, 1933, he had Germany withdraw from the [[League of Nations]]. The following January he signed a non-aggression treaty with Poland.  His individual repudiations of parts of the treaty were followed by offers of negotiations for new agreements, while maintaining Germany’s limited ambitious nature.
 
  
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While this was going on, Germany was steadily building up the armed forces.  Rigorous training using wooden guns and trucks marked as “tanks” got needed battlefield training for officers.  Potential fighter pilots began their training in gliders at public demonstrations – Germany, under terms of the treaty, was not allowed an air force – and later they would fly in new civilian stunt planes and transports, which on the drawing board were designed to be rapidly turned into fighters and bombers.  Conscription was introduced in January, 1935, and in June of that year Hitler successfully signed a naval treaty with Britain, giving him rights to a respectable navy; but even while the ink was drying, Germany was secretly building a large U-boat fleet.
+
== See also ==
 +
* [[List of Adolf Hitler's speeches]]
 +
* [[Adolf Hitler Timeline]]
 +
* [[Adolf Hitler the artist]]
 +
* [[Adolf Hitler and Christianity]]
 +
* [[Lineage of Adolf Hitler‎]]
  
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The matter of reuniting the German peoples came into being in July, 1934, and here Hitler overreached. German organizations were covertly aiding Austrian Nazis in the overthrow of their government, culminating in an attempted revolt as well as murdering Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss. When the attempt clearly failed, Hitler denied involvement. In January, 1935, a plebecite was introduced in the Saarland; more than 90 percent voted to return the territory to Germany. Then in March, 1936, came his greatest slap to the Versailles Treaty: against the advice of his generals, and in open defiance of France and Britain, he ordered troops into the demilitarized Rhineland. Germany was once again becoming the leading power in continental Europe. By October, 1936, Germany had signed an alliance with Italy, proclaiming a “Rome-Berlin axis,” followed by the Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan.  All three countries would sign a single, mutual alliance pact, the following year.
+
== External links ==
 +
*[http://codoh.com/library/categories/890/ Category: Hitler, Adolf] on [[Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust]]
 +
*[http://www.fpp.co.uk/Hitler/index.html Documents of the Life and Time of Adolf Hitler] on [[David Irving]]'s website
 +
*[http://www.stormfront.org/posterity/ns/enigma.html The Enigma of Hitler]
 +
*[http://www.hitler.org/ Hitler Historical Museum]
 +
*[http://www.wargs.com/other/hitler.html Ancestry of Adolf Hitler]
 +
*[http://www.veteranstoday.com/2011/05/11/jb-campbell-behind-the-holocaust/ What was Hitler’s Unforgivable Sin?]
  
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==Anschluss==
+
=== Peace proposals ===
 +
*[http://www.wintersonnenwende.com/scriptorium/english/archives/nothanks/wwr00.html What the World Rejected: Hitler's Peace Offers 1933-1939]
 +
*[http://www.stormfront.org/forum/t378972/ An Overview of Hitler's Peace Proposals]
  
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Removed from their offices in January 1938 were Hjalmar Schacht (economic ministry); Werner von Fritsch (soldiers’ representative); and Konstantin von Neurath (foreign office); the reason being was they were not fully accepting of Nazism.  Beginning his plans of German conquest, he started with Austria. Kurt von Schuschnigg, the Austrian chancellor, was invited to Berchtesgaden in February, where he was browbeaten and forced to sign an agreement placing Austrian Nazis in the government.   When Schuschnigg resisted and announced a plebiscite for Austrian voters concerning independence, Hitler ordered German troops into Austria, completely taking over the country within days. His return to Vienna was in triumph; enthusiastic crowds greeted him by the tens of thousands, in sharp contrast to the scenes of privation he had gone through there in his youth.  Austria was annexed (Anschluss) to the Reich a short time later.
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=== Statements by Hitler and the Holocaust ===
 +
*[http://holocausthandbooks.com/index.php?main_page=1&page_id=15 Lectures on the Holocaust—Controversial Issues Cross Examined] - section 4.1. Confessions of NS Leaders During the War
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*[http://holocausthandbooks.com/index.php?page_id=18 Auschwitz Lies—Legends, Lies, and Prejudices on the Holocaust] - section 3.7.4. Adolf Hitler
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*[http://holocausthandbooks.com/index.php?page_id=7 The Hoax of the Twentieth Century] - Chapter 6 Et Cetera: Adolf Hitler
 +
*[http://codoh.com/library/document/230/ Auschwitz: A Judge Looks at the Evidence] - Chapter Two: Contemporaneous Documents: Speeches and Other Public Statements by Political Leaders of the Third Reich: Adolf Hitler
  
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While the Anschluss was going on, Hitler was speaking in friendly terms with Czechoslovakia; nearly as soon as Austria ceased to exist, Hitler proceeded with his plans against the Czechs. The northwestern region of Czechoslovakia was the Sudetenland, inhabited by a German minority, and the leader of them, Konrad Henlein, was instructed to make impossible demands for those Germans on the Czech government.  In the interest of preventing a general war (which Hitler wanted), Mussolini and British prime minister Neville Chamberlain concluded a peaceful agreement in Munich on September 30, giving Hitler the Sudetenland without firing a shot. Chamberlain would return to Britain, waiving the agreement signed between himself and Hitler, declaring it to be “peace for our time”, but his act of appeasement would ensure the peace would last only a few more months. Despite assurances that the Sudetenland was his last territorial demands, “Czechia”, as the remainder of Czechoslovakia was called, became a German protectorate on March 15, 1939, when Hitler ordered it occupied.  Just over a week later, Lithuania was forced to cede to Germany the territory of Memel (Klaipeda), on the border of East Prussia.
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=== Biographies ===
 +
*[http://justice4germans.com/2015/04/20/adolf-hitler-a-short-sketch-of-his-life-authorized-short-biography-1938/ Adolf Hitler: A Short Sketch of His Life (Authorized short biography 1938)]
 +
*[http://www.counter-currents.com/2011/10/what-is-the-best-hitler-biography/ What is the Best Hitler Biography?]
  
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==Poland==
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=== Films ===
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Poland’s turn was next, and listening to the rumblings was France and Britain, which signed guarantees of mutual assistance to the Polish nation should it be attacked by Germany. Hitler also signed pacts: a “Pact of Steel” with Italy, strengthening the alliance between Rome and Berlin, and then a treaty that caught many off-guard: a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union on August 23.  A secret clause in the pact allowed for the simultaneous invasion of Poland, and the division of the country in the center from north to south.  Poland was invaded on September 1; two days later, Britain and France declared war on Germany. 
+
*[http://thegreateststorynevertold.tv/ The Greatest Story NEVER Told - The Untold Story of Adolf Hitler]
  
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Hitler assumed his own war strategy.  Poland was conquered within weeks, and when a desired peace accord with Britain failed to materialize, he ordered the army to prepare for a western offensive.  Norway was invaded and occupied, forestalling a British move on that country; Denmark was occupied by April, 1940.  Hitler than adopted General Erich von Manstien’s plan for an offensive against France itself, which would move through neutral Belgium’s Ardenne Forest on May 10, taking that country as a matter of convenience, as well as avoiding the static fortifications of France’s Maginot Line.  The German forces, extremely successful in their operations, reached the coastal ports on the English Channel in 10 days; Holland and Belgium both surrendered within days.  But south of Dunkirk was where the army was ordered to halt.  Hitler had hoped even at this stage in the battle that Britain would commit to peace; instead, the halting of the German army allowed the British to remove 170,000 fighting men.
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== Gallery ==
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<center>
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On June 10, Italy entered the war as German tanks were sweeping across northern France.  Hitler signed an armistice with France on June 22, the signing taking place in the same rail car at the same site where the Germans surrendered in 1918.
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<gallery>
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File:Painting of Adolf Hitler.png|Painting of Hitler
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Having failed in getting the British to sign an armistice, Hitler prepared his forces for “Operation Sea Lion,” the invasion of Britain. However, the Luftwaffe was defeated in its attempt to gain air superiority over British airspace, also known as the Battle Of Britain, which forced the permanent postponement of Sealion.
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Image:Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany.png|Painting of Hitler
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Image:Time_hitler.jpg|"Man of the Year 1938" in ''TIME'' magazine
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Facing the failure of the British to give in, Hitler started to prepare to double-cross his erstwhile partner in the Poland conquest, Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union.  Then Mussolini invaded Greece, got bogged down in the Balkans, and the threat loomed that he would lose his whole army there.  Hitler found it necessary to come to his aid, while at the same time taking direct control of Yugoslavia in the wake of the overthrow of the pro-Nazi government.
+
</gallery>
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+
</center>
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==Barbarossa==
 
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The attack on Soviet Russia began June 22, 1941.  Rapid in its advancement, the German army captured a large swath of territory between the Baltic and Black seas, and captured close to 3,000,000 prisoners.  But Hitler, already micro-managing military operations, became overbearing to his generals; he preferred to go after many targets, while his generals argued for a single objective.  A few miles in front of Moscow, the German army was halted by a Russian offensive in December, as well as something he had absolutely no control over: the severe Russian winter.
 
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In the lands already occupied by German forces, S.S. chief Heinrich Himmler was preparing the ground for Hitler’s new German order.  Expelling the Jews from Germany was the first step, and this was carried out by laws and decrees beginning in 1933; the Germans would switch to outright force in 1939, as Jews were first deported en-masse to Poland, then walled into ghettos after the occupation began.  By 1941, a policy crafted under S.S. general Reinhard Heydrich had changed expulsion for extermination in what was called "a final solution to the Jewish question" (''die Endlösung der Judenfrage'').  The system of concentration camps was supplemented by the creation of specialized killing centers in the occupied countries, especially in Poland, where camps such as Auschwitz, Treblinka, Sobibor, and Belzac “processed” thousands of victims daily.  Some six million Jews died during what was called the [[Holocaust]], as well as an additional five million Slavs, Gypsies, the handicapped, the aged, and many others that the Nazis considered “subhuman” in accordance with German racial policies.<ref>http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/burns.htm</ref>
 
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==Beginning of the end==
 
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[[Image:Adolf_hitler6.jpg‎ |right|200px|thumb|Hitler in 1944, by now looking tired and strained.]]
 
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Hitler grew increasingly strained by the end of 1942, depending on large amounts of drugs supplied by his physician, Theodor Morell, as a result of the twin defeats of El Alamein (which he lost the bulk of his Afrika corps to British general Montgomery), and Stalingrad (where he lost an entire army of 250,000 men to the Russians).  He spent more time in his headquarters in East Prussia, and his time in the public eye ceased to exist.  He refused to visit bombed German cities, and, as with Stalingrad, refused to allow German armies to withdraw from the battlefield when the situation was lost.  Still, he could make stunning, decisive decisions when called for, such as the commando raid that resulted in the rescue of Benito Mussolini from Italian partisans in July, 1943.
 
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But the defeat of Germany in the war was looming closer.  Hitler’s relations with his leading commanders grew strained, the more so as he allowed units of the S.S. to take positions traditionally held by the army.  The line at the eastern front was slowly being pushed back by the Soviets, while in the Atlantic his U-boats campaign had faltered.  German cities were constantly being bombed, and a successful invasion on the Normandy coast of France in June, 1944 marked the beginning of the end.
 
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===Assassination attempt===
 
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[[Image:NWT Hitler dead.jpg|left|200px|thumb|Hitler's death as covered by the ''New York Times'', May 2, 1945.]]
 
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Seeing Germany’s chances of surviving the war were desperate, a group of officers plotted to assassinate Hitler, planning several attempts in 1943-44, but nearly successful on July 20, 1944, when a bomb hidden in a briefcase by Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg went off under a table that Hitler and others were leaning over; four were killed outright, several suffered injuries, but Hitler escaped relatively unharmed (the bomb itself was set down away from Hitler behind a solid oak table leg, saving him).  The conspirators were quickly rounded up; Stauffenberg was shot.  The remainder were put on show trials and condemned to hang on meat hooks with piano wire.  It was said that Hitler enjoyed watching film of their executions.  As a result of the bomb, Nazi members were employed at key positions within the army, removing any trace of the army’s independence.
 
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Within months nearly all of the territory occupied by Germany was now in Allied hands. A last offensive in December, 1944 to take the port of Antwerp, Belgium, failed.  Hitler had by them grown ill; his hopes for a German victory bordered on the fantastical and the imagination.  By January, 1945 he had moved into his command bunker in Berlin, where he gave orders deploying fictional divisions to counter the ever-closer Soviets.  When all seemed lost, he gave out his final orders: first, appointing Admiral Karl Dönitz as head of the state and his successor, and Josef Goebbels as chancellor; and second, dictating his last political will which was an attempt to justify his life’s work.
 
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On April 29, he committed the one truly-chivalrous act of his life: he married Eva Braun, his long-time mistress. After retiring to his room in the bunker the next day, Eva took poison, and Hitler put a bullet in his head.  In accordance with his wishes, both bodies were burned.  His Third Reich would outlive him for another week.
 
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[[Elie Wiesel]] wrote the following in [[Time Magazine]] regarding Hitler:
 
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{{cquote|Adolf Hitler or the incarnation of absolute evil; this is how future generations will remember the all-powerful Fuehrer of the criminal Third Reich. Compared with him, his peers [[Mussolini]] and [[Franco]] were novices. Under his hypnotic gaze, humanity crossed a threshold from which one could see the abyss. "Before Hitler, we thought we had sounded the depths of human nature," argues Ron Rosenbaum, author of "Explaining Hitler." "He showed how much lower we could go, and that's what was so horrifying. It gets us wondering not just at the depths he showed us but whether there is worse to come. The power of Hitler was to confound the modernist notion that judgments about good and [[evil]] were little more than matters of taste, reflections of social class and power and status. Although some modern scholars drive past the notion of evil and instead explain Hitler's conduct as a reflection of his childhood and self-esteem issues, for most survivors of the 20th century he is confirmation of our instinctive sense that evil does exist. It moves among us; it leads us astray and deploys powerful, subtle weapons against even the sturdiest souls." <ref name="time" />}}
 
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All in all, Hitler survived over forty assassination attempts.  The Stauffenburg attempt was the closest anyone ever came to killing Hitler.  George Elser, a communist, came very close in 1938, having planted a bomb in a beam that Hitler stood in front of while giving a speech.  Luck saved Hitler, as he left the hall early and twelve minutes later the bomb exploded.
 
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==Death==
 
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On the afternoon of April 30, 1945 as the Soviet Red Army closed in on the center of Berlin, Hitler and Eva Braun committed suicide.<ref>Kershaw, Ian. ''Hitler: A Biography''. (2008) p. 955</ref><ref>Joachimsthaler, Anton. ''The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth''. (1999) [1995] pp. 160-182</ref><ref>Beevor, Antony. ''Berlin – The Downfall 1945''. (2002) p. 359</ref> The majority of contemporary historians have rejected the other accounts of Hitler's demise or reported escape from Berlin as either Soviet propaganda or surmise.<ref>Eberle, Henrik and Uhl, Matthias. ''The Hitler Book''. (2005) p. 282</ref><ref>Joachimsthaler. ''The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth''. (1999) [1995] pp. 160-182, 240-260</ref> Following the end of the war, because of the different versions presented by the Soviet Union as to Hitler being dead and alive, both British Military Intelligence (led by agent Hugh Trevor-Roper) and the FBI conducted investigations as to the different claims made. The declassified information from British MI5, confirmed that Hitler shot himself.<ref>https://www.mi5.gov.uk/home/about-us/who-we-are/mi5-history/world-war-ii/hitlers-last-days.html</ref> The declassified FBI documents report that Hitler and Eva Braun may have escaped to Argentina in a submarine and changed his identity. However, as the report states, "because of lack of information to support the story advanced...it is believed impossible to continue efforts to locate Hitler".<ref>http://vault.fbi.gov/adolf-hitler/adolf-hitler-part-01-of-04/view</ref> More recently in 2009, American researchers were allowed to perform DNA tests on the skull fragment the Russians claim was from Hitler. The tests revealed that the skull fragment belonged to a woman under 40 years of age who was not related to Eva Braun. However, the jaw fragments which had been recovered and identified as Hitler's<ref>Eberle and Uhl. ''The Hitler Book''. (2005) p. 282</ref> were not tested by the American researchers.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/12/10/hitler.skull.debate/index.html?_s=PM:WORLD</ref> Therefore, most historians are very skeptical as to these popular conspiracy theories, in particular because there are credible witnesses, who saw the bodies of Hitler and Eva Braun.<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2050137/Did-Hitler-Eva-Braun-flee-Berlin-die-old-age-Argentina.html</ref><ref>Joachimsthaler. ''The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth''. (1999) [1995] pp. 160-182, 240-260</ref><ref>Fischer, Thomas. ''Soldiers of the Leibstandarte''. (2008) p. 47</ref>
 
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== See also ==
 
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* [[Disturbed character]]
 
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* [[Nazi Germany and homosexuality]]
 
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* [[Police state]]
 
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* [[Liberal totalitarianism]]
 
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== External links ==
 
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[[File:Hitler Siegestor Munich Victory Gate.jpg|thumb|Watercolor of the Arch of Triumph in Munich by Hitler.]]
 
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*[http://www.eucontest.org/go.php?pdf=www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%201994.pdf Extracts From Mein Kampf by Hitler]
 
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*[http://www.hitler.org/writings/Mein_Kampf/ Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler.] Full text.
 
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*[http://www.snyderstreasures.com/pages/hartworks.htm Adolf Hitler ORIGINAL Watercolor Artworks.]
 
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*[http://constitutionalistnc.tripod.com/hitler-leftist/ Hitler Was a Leftist]
 
  
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==Further reading==
+
== Bibliography ==
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*[http://www.ushmm.org/research/doctors/medical.htm STATE MEDICAL SERVICES OF THE THIRD REICH], FROM THE OPENING STATEMENT BY TELFORD TAYLOR, Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10. Nuremberg, October 1946–April 1949. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O, 1949–1953.] Retrieved from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
+
* Bouhler, Phillip. ''Adolf Hitler: A short sketch of his life''. Terramare Publications, Berlin, 1938.
 +
* Degrelle, Leon. ''Hitler: Born at Versailles''. Costa Mesa, CA, USA: Institute for Historical Review, 1987. ([http://zundelsite.org/old_zundelsite/english/reviews/bookrev.001.html Book review])
 +
* Degrelle, Leon. "Epic: The Story of the Waffen SS." ''The Journal of Historical Review'', Winter 1982-83 (Vol. 3, No. 4).
 +
* Eckart, Dietrich. ''Bolshevism From Moses to Lenin: A Dialogue Between Adolf Hitler and Me''. National Vanguard Books, Hillsboro, USA, 1999.
 +
* Germany. Auswärtiges Amt. ''German White Book on the Last Phase of the German-Polish Crisis''. German Library of Information, New York, 1939. ([http://www.sweetliberty.org/issues/wars/whitebook/1.shtml HTML-version])
 +
* Goebbels, Joseph. ''The Early Goebbels Diaries: The Journal of Joseph Goebbels from 1925-1926''. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962.
 +
* Goebbels, Joseph. ''The Goebbels Diaries, 1939-1941''. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1982.
 +
* Goebbels, Joseph. ''The Goebbels Diaries, 1942-1943''. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1970.
 +
* Goebbels, Joseph. ''Final Entries, 1945: The Diaries of Joseph Goebbels''. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons., 1978.
 +
* Göring, Hermann. ''Germany Reborn''. E. Mathews & Marrot, London, 1934.
 +
* Heinz, Heinz A. ''Germany's Hitler''. Hurst and Blackett LTD., London, 1938.
 +
* Hitler, Adolf. ''Mein Kampf'' ("My Struggle"). Hurst & Blackett LTD., London, 1939.
 +
* Irving, David. ''Hitler's War''. Focal Point Publications, London, 1991.
 +
* Kubizek, August. ''The Young Hitler I Knew''. Greenhill Books, London, 2006.
 +
* Rosenberg, Alfred. ''Memoirs of Alfred Rosenberg''. Ziff-Davis Pub. Co., Chicago & NY, 1949.
 +
* Spotts, Frederick. ''Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics''. The Overlook Press, Woodstock, NY, 2002.
 +
* Stolfi, R. H. S. ''Hitler: Beyond Evil and Tyranny''. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2011.
 +
* Walsh, Michael. ''Triumph of Reason: The Thinking Man's Guide to Adolf Hitler''. Historical Review Press, Uckfield, UK, 2002.
 +
*Friedrich Christian, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe: "Was Hitler Really a Dictator?" ([http://www.wintersonnenwende.com/scriptorium/english/archives/dictator/dictator00.html The book in HTML])
 +
*Alex S. Perry: "Adolf Hitler - An Overlooked Candidate for the Nobel Prize"
 +
*Max Domarus (Hrsg.): "The Essential Hitler Speeches and Commentary", 2007 Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. ISBN=978-0-86516-627-1
  
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<small>*[http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/h/hitler-adolf/oss-papers/text/profile-index.htmlA Psychological Analysis of Adolf Hitler, His Life and Legend], Walter C. Langer, Office of Strategic Services, Washington, D.C.</small>
 
  
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Revision as of 22:46, October 5, 2015

Adolf Hitler
[[image:File:Adolf Hitler, human rights activist.png|200px]]
Political Party German Workers' Party (1920–1921)
NSDAP (1921–1945)
Occupation politician, soldier, artist, writer
Spouse Eva Braun

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889, Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary – 30 April 1945, Berlin, Germany) became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, and Führer from 1934 to 1945. He led the National Socialist German Workers Party and National Socialist Germany.

== name=%3D The name "Adolf" comes from Old High German for "Noble Wolf", hence, a nickname of Hitler was "Wolf". The names of some of his headquarters (Wolfsschanze in East Prussia, Wolfsschlucht in France, Werwolf in Ukraine, etc.) reflect this. As a child, Hitler was known as "Adi".

Outline of Hitler's life

As an alternative to the politically correct view on Hitler this section will largely cite the 1938 authorized biography Adolf Hitler: A Short Sketch of His Life.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag

"Though the years spent in Vienna meant a hard and bitter struggle with life, the experience gained in this school was of inestimable value afterwards. Hitler was now yearning to live as a German in Germany itself, free from the oppression under which the German element had to suffer in that potpourri of nations which made up the Habsburg Empire. So he left Vienna and came to live in Munich. That was on April 24, 1912."Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag

Revisionists have argued that "Vernichtung" does necessarily means killing. See Meanings and translations of German words and Holocaust revisionism: Ambiguous words.

Furthermore, revisionists argue that non-revisionists seldom quote what Hitler stated thereafter: "for the time when the non-Jewish nations had no propaganda is at an end. National Socialist Germany and Fascist Italy have institutions which enable them when necessary to enlighten the world about the nature of a question of which many nations are instinctively conscious, but which they have not yet clearly thought out... ...If this [Jewish] nation should once more succeed in inciting the millions which compose the nations into a conflict which is utterly senseless and only serves Jewish interests, then there will be revealed the effectiveness of an enlightenment which has completely routed the Jews in Germany in the space of a few years. The nations are no longer willing to die on the battlefield so that this unstable international race may profiteer from a war or satisfy its Old Testament vengeance." This is argued to show that Hitler wanted to "annihilate" the Jews by enlightening the world about their alleged evil plans and deeds, which had already led to their routing (=annihilation) in Germany within a few years. Furthermore, it is argued that the speech clearly outlines Hitler's policy of emigration and resettlement of the Jews.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag

See also the "External links" section regarding other argued statements by Hitler on the Holocaust

"Who remembers the Armenians?"

Hitler was at the Nuremberg trials alleged to to have made the following statement involving the Armenian Genocide: "Our strength is in our quickness and our brutality. […] For the time being I have sent to the east only Death’s Head units, with the order to kill without pity or mercy all men, women and children. […] Who talks nowadays of the extermination of the Armenians?" [1]

This has been criticized as a forgery: "The statement was supposed to have been made at a meeting of the top German staff of the Obersalzberg on August 22, 1939. The document was released to the international press covering the Nuremberg War Crimes trials on Friday, November 23, 1945. The trials had commenced that Monday. The document was one of several made available to the press that day. Two-hundred-fifty copies were given to press correspondents, but only five copies were given to the 17 defense counsels – 24 hours before the Court convened on Monday!

Much later in the trial, the German defense lawyers were able to introduce the most complete account of the address, taken down by German Admiral Hermann Boehm, which runs to 12 pages in translation. There is no mention of the Armenians or the rest of the “quotation.”"Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag

Maser also rejected a number of other claims regarding Hitler and National Socialist Germany:Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag

  • "Contrary to the widespread view of Hitler as a person of no real education or deep understanding, the transcripts of the German leader’s freewheeling “table talk” remarks to colleagues alone show him to have been a man of extraordinary intelligence, perception and wide-ranging knowledge. Hitler understood English and French, and some Italian. He read widely, and had an astonishing knowledge in many fields. A reading of the transcripts of his conversations with minister Albert Speer, for example, shows that Hitler had a specialist’s understanding of armaments".
  • "Compelling evidence" has been argued to show that Hitler was a "remarkably more far-sighted, subtle, intelligent and “modern” leader than historians have understood or acknowledged." This including areas such as the military field and predicting the postwar world.
  • Hitler is argued to have successfully won the support of the great majority of Germans.
  • "Hitler’s success in bringing Germany out of the worldwide Great Depression, and in creating an “economic miracle” with full employment and prosperity with stable prices."
  • "An “incredible achievement” was Hitler’s success, within just five years, of transforming a forcibly demilitarized nation into Europe’s strongest military power."
  • Rather than being centralized, totalitarian state, power in National Socialist Germany is argued to have been widely diffused between a number of state and party agencies competing with one another. Furthermore, entire ministries and the German armed forces remained almost or largely free of NSDAP influence. This contributed to an argued surprising degree of "plurality" in cultural and intellectual life.
  • The book took note of "the Third Reich’s innovative large-scale urban planning and environmental policies, its promotion of modern housing for the general population, education of gifted children from poor families in progressive but elite schools, a strong democratization process within the German armed forces, the character of the National Socialist party as a broad-based, non-sectarian “peoples party,” and the elimination of mass unemployment and job creation through programs that can be called "Keynesian"."
  • "Even Dr. Goebbels’ much-maligned propaganda machinery might more accurately be described (pp. 150 f.) as a "modern instrument of government on an American model, through which the democracies seek to continue their rule in the post-bourgeois society and to perpetuate their technocratic system.""
  • "historians have too readily accepted the Soviet regime’s propaganda image of itself. Far too many western historians have failed to appreciate the bloody reality of Soviet Communism, or the very real threat it posed to Europe.... For millions of Europeans in the 1920s and 1930s, the Red Star and the Swastika represented the only realistic alternatives for the future of Germany, and indeed, of the entire West. Hitler was by no means the only European leader who took seriously the Soviet danger to European order, culture and civilization. Without the reality of this threat, the “fascist” response of Germany (and other European nations) is hardly imaginable. Hitler, in Nolte’s view, was an anti-Communist of “Communist” decisiveness and spiritual energy. Alone among his contemporaries, he fought Communism with radical, “non-bourgeois” ruthlessness. (pp. 349–367). Nolte writes (pp. 366 f.): Twentieth century world history is only understandable when one is willing to acknowledge the connection made by the enemies of Bolshevism between a fear of annihilation and an intention of annihilation, and to recognize the simple truth that the statements of anti-Communists about the misdeeds of Bolshevism were, in fact, well grounded. Since 1990, at the latest, these are facts that no longer be seriously disputed, and that even the propagandistic exaggerations [of anti-Communists] reflected a rational core ... One day the question of the hierarchy of motives of Hitler and National Socialism will become a matter of dispute in the scholarly literature, and the thesis of the primacy of anti-Communism is likely to be a main point."

Lawrence Birken

Mark Weber in a review of a 1996 book by Lawrence Birken stated that "In spite of decades of vehement vilification, says author Lawrence Birken, Hitler’s views have enduring and dangerous appeal – not because they are bizarre and alien, but precisely because they are rational and well grounded in Western thought. In particular, Birken stresses, Hitlerism is firmly rooted in the rationalist and scientific outlook of the 18th-century European Enlightenment."[2]

"Scholars and others have made a major mistake in failing to take Hitler seriously as a thinker, argues Birken, who believes that the German political leader “must be regarded as a genuine intellectual”... As he notes, as early as 1953, British historian Hugh R. Trevor-Roper “evoked the image of Hitler as a kind of synthesis of Spengler and Napoleon, noting that of all world conquerors the German leader had been the most ‘philosophical’...” More recently, German historian Rainer Zitelmann established in a study of impressive scholarship that Hitler’s outlook was rational, self-consistent and “modern.”""Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag

"A common tendency of German generals after the war was to go along with many of these assumptions. They sought to distance themselves from Hitler and National Socialism, presenting him as a sort of pied piper who misled and then forced them into the war. According to this self-serving version, all the things that went wrong were due to Hitler's crazy decisions and meddlings, while all that went right were as a result of the genius of the generals themselves. The objective was firstly to protect their own reputations, secondly to protect the image of the German General Staff, and thirdly to simply survive in post-war Germany and shore up their relationship with the conquerors, particularly the USA, which occupied—and arguably continues to occupy—defeated Germany. Mosier points out that in nearly all cases, Hitler was right in his decisions while his generals were wrong. The German officer caste was trained to seize major cities and especially capitals, but Hitler understood that modern wars were more economic in nature—conflicts to seize resources both to deny the enemy the ability to wage war while at the same time increasing one's own ability to do so."Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag

"Fourteen Days that Saved the World"

Some have gone beyond arguing that the invasion of the Soviet Union was a defensive war and argued that it prevented "the Soviet conquest of Europe scheduled to begin early in the morning of Sunday 6 July 1941. Suvorov’s revelations about the massive expansion of the NKVD (the blood-soaked forerunner of the KGB) are particularly chilling: these killers would have moved behind the assault troops to liquidate “class enemies.” The Bolshevik torture chambers and death pits which claimed millions of victims in the enslaved nations of the East would have spread throughout the West as well. With Germany and France under the Soviet jackboot, Italy and Spain would quickly have fallen too. And Stalin’s one million paratroopers would have made short work of seizing the airfields of southern England to clear the way for a full-scale invasion. Lenin and his pupil Stalin never made any secret of their desire for a Second World War to establish a Communist Europe. For the fact that this monstrous plan failed, the pseudo-democrats, simpering priests and court historians have no-one to thank but Adolf Hitler. If it had not been for the man they love to hate, they would have been the first against the wall."[3]

Other views

Hitler continues to be a controversial figure, adored and hated. In the later literature, despite the massive Jewish orchestrated hate campaign, some have referred to Hitler's legacy in neutral or favourable terms. John F. Kennedy wrote of Hitler in Prelude to Leadership: The European Diary of John F. Kennedy that "he had in him the stuff of which legends are made." Former Egyptian President Anwar Sadat wrote favourably of Hitler in 1953. Louis Farrakhan has referred to him as a "very great man". Bal Thackeray, leader of the national Hindu Shiv Sena party in the Indian state of the Maharashtra, declared in 1995 that he was an admirer of Hitler.

Later National Socialists

Obviously individuals and organizations describing themselves as National Socialists have not politically correct views on Hitler. In the United States, George Lincoln Rockwell revived Hitler’s movement by forming the American Nazi Party. Later other National Socialist parties began to form around the world.

See also

External links

Peace proposals

Statements by Hitler and the Holocaust

Biographies

Films

Gallery

  • Painting of Adolf Hitler.png

    Painting of Hitler

  • Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Germany.png

    Painting of Hitler

  • Time hitler.jpg

    "Man of the Year 1938" in TIME magazine

Bibliography

  • Bouhler, Phillip. Adolf Hitler: A short sketch of his life. Terramare Publications, Berlin, 1938.
  • Degrelle, Leon. Hitler: Born at Versailles. Costa Mesa, CA, USA: Institute for Historical Review, 1987. (Book review)
  • Degrelle, Leon. "Epic: The Story of the Waffen SS." The Journal of Historical Review, Winter 1982-83 (Vol. 3, No. 4).
  • Eckart, Dietrich. Bolshevism From Moses to Lenin: A Dialogue Between Adolf Hitler and Me. National Vanguard Books, Hillsboro, USA, 1999.
  • Germany. Auswärtiges Amt. German White Book on the Last Phase of the German-Polish Crisis. German Library of Information, New York, 1939. (HTML-version)
  • Goebbels, Joseph. The Early Goebbels Diaries: The Journal of Joseph Goebbels from 1925-1926. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962.
  • Goebbels, Joseph. The Goebbels Diaries, 1939-1941. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1982.
  • Goebbels, Joseph. The Goebbels Diaries, 1942-1943. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1970.
  • Goebbels, Joseph. Final Entries, 1945: The Diaries of Joseph Goebbels. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons., 1978.
  • Göring, Hermann. Germany Reborn. E. Mathews & Marrot, London, 1934.
  • Heinz, Heinz A. Germany's Hitler. Hurst and Blackett LTD., London, 1938.
  • Hitler, Adolf. Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"). Hurst & Blackett LTD., London, 1939.
  • Irving, David. Hitler's War. Focal Point Publications, London, 1991.
  • Kubizek, August. The Young Hitler I Knew. Greenhill Books, London, 2006.
  • Rosenberg, Alfred. Memoirs of Alfred Rosenberg. Ziff-Davis Pub. Co., Chicago & NY, 1949.
  • Spotts, Frederick. Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics. The Overlook Press, Woodstock, NY, 2002.
  • Stolfi, R. H. S. Hitler: Beyond Evil and Tyranny. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2011.
  • Walsh, Michael. Triumph of Reason: The Thinking Man's Guide to Adolf Hitler. Historical Review Press, Uckfield, UK, 2002.
  • Friedrich Christian, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe: "Was Hitler Really a Dictator?" (The book in HTML)
  • Alex S. Perry: "Adolf Hitler - An Overlooked Candidate for the Nobel Prize"
  • Max Domarus (Hrsg.): "The Essential Hitler Speeches and Commentary", 2007 Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. ISBN=978-0-86516-627-1

Template:References

da:Adolf Hitler de:Hitler, Adolf et:Adolf Hitler es:Adolf Hitler fr:Adolf Hitler hu:Hitler Adolf is:Adolf Hitler mk:Хитлер, Адолф nl:Adolf Hitler no:Adolf Hitler pt:Adolf Hitler sk:Adolf Hitler sv:Adolf Hitler

  1. ↑ “Who Remembers the Armenians?” – Hitler Quote a Forgery http://codoh.com/library/document/1766/
  2. ↑ Hitler as 'Enlightenment Intellectual': The Enduring Allure of Hitlerism http://codoh.com/library/document/2711/
  3. ↑ Fourteen Days that Saved the World http://www.heretical.com/miscella/14days.html
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