Difference between revisions of "Margaret Chase Smith"
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| − | '''Margaret Chase Smith''' (1897 | + | {{Officeholder |
| + | |name=Margaret Chase Smith | ||
| + | |image=Margaret Chase Smith 1943.jpg | ||
| + | |party=[[Republican]] | ||
| + | |spouse=[[Clyde H. Smith]] | ||
| + | |religion= | ||
| + | |offices= | ||
| + | {{Officeholder/senator | ||
| + | |state=Maine | ||
| + | |terms=January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1973 | ||
| + | |preceded=[[Wallace H. White, Jr.]] | ||
| + | |status=f | ||
| + | |succeeded=[[William Hathaway]] | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | {{Officeholder/representative | ||
| + | |state=Maine | ||
| + | |district=2nd | ||
| + | |terms=June 3, 1940 – January 3, 1949 | ||
| + | |preceded=[[Clyde Smith]] | ||
| + | |former=y | ||
| + | |succeeded=Charles P. Nelson | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | [[File:Smith-mc.jpg|thumb|260px]] | ||
| + | '''Margaret Madeline Chase Smith''' (December 14, 1897 – May 29, 1995) of [[Skowhegan, Maine]], was the first woman elected to both houses of Congress. She replaced her late husband Clyde Smith in the House of Representatives 1940–49, and was elected to the Senate in 1948, serving 1949–73. | ||
| − | Smith was | + | From 1953 to 1959, Smith's senatorial colleague was [[Frederick G. Payne]], who shared her style of Moderate Republicanism.<ref>June 18, 1952. [https://www.nytimes.com/1952/06/18/archives/payne-has-stood-as-a-progressive-identified-with-mrs-smiths-wing-of.html PAYNE HAS STOOD AS A PROGRESSIVE; Identified With Mrs. Smith's Wing of Maine Party While Brewster Is Old Guard]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved August 21, 2021.</ref> |
| − | + | ==Political career== | |
| + | ===U.S. Senate=== | ||
| + | Although her late husband was considered a [[conservative]],<ref>FascinatingPolitics (October 18, 2020). [https://fascinatingpolitics.com/2020/10/18/the-true-senate-female-firsts-hattie-caraway-margaret-chase-smith-and-maurine-neuberger/ The True Senate Female Firsts: Hattie Caraway, Margaret Chase Smith, and Maurine Neuberger]. ''Mad Politics: The Bizarre, Fascinating, and Unknown of American Political History''. Retrieved August 20, 2021.</ref> Smith was a liberal-leaning Northeastern Republican (or "[[Rockefeller Republican]]"). She was notably honest, independent and courageous. Her concern for national defense during the [[Cold War]] led to service on the House Naval Affairs Committee and later several subcommittees of the Senate Armed Services Committee. | ||
| − | Smith | + | Smith led the fight for granting women regular status in the armed services during 1944-48. After passage by the Senate in 1947, a bill providing for regular status for women encountered opposition in the House of Representatives Armed Services Committee from several members who would agree only to reserve status for women. Through adroit political maneuvering, Smith forced the issue to the floor, thereby demonstrating that regular status had strong support in the House and ultimately insuring the passage of the Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1948.<ref>See Sherman (1990)</ref> |
| − | + | Smith was a longtime supporter of the [[Equal Rights Amendment]] and the leading advocate for women's presence in the military. In her 1948 campaign, she released a statement that said she was "a champion for the women" but "no feminist" because "a woman's viewpoint should be...free of any emphasis on feminine interest." | |
| − | ==McCarthy== | + | Despite her mostly liberal-leaning record, Smith voted for [[Everett Dirksen]]'s [[school prayer]] constitutional amendment in 1966;<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/89-1966/s451 TO PASS S. J. RES 144, A RESOLUTION PROPOSING A CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT PERMITTING SCHOOL PRAYERS.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 14, 2021.</ref> there was only a 49–37 majority in support, far short of the required 67 votes. |
| − | She is remembered for her famous | + | |
| − | {{Cquote|The American people are sick and tired of being afraid to speak their minds lest they be politically smeared as | + | She was a nominal candidate for president in 1964. She did respectably well, considering her lack of organization, time, and money. As a speaker she was pleasant and smiling; reasoned in her answers and without invective, she campaigned on the issues. |
| + | |||
| + | Smith was defeated for reelection in 1972 by [[Bill Hathaway]],<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=6513 ME US Senate - Nov 07, 1972]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved June 14, 2021.</ref> a Democrat who was even more liberal and attacked her for supporting the [[Vietnam War]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====McCarthy==== | ||
| + | Smith criticized the report released by the [[Tydings Committee]] which wrongfully exonerated the [[State Department]] of wrongdoing, correctly asserting that the committee:<ref>Schapsmeier, Edward L.; Schapsmeier, Frederick H. [https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9018&context=annals-of-iowa A Strong Voice for Keeping America Strong]. ''State Historical Society of Iowa''. Retrieved August 12, 2021.</ref> | ||
| + | {{cquote|...made the fatal error of subjectively attempting to discredit McCarthy rather than objectively investigating and evaluating his charges.}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | She is remembered for her famous Declaration of Conscience in the 1950s in which she stated:<ref>[http://americanrhetoric.com/speeches/margaretchasesmithconscience.html Margaret Chase Smith -- "Declaration of Conscience"]. ''American Rhetoric''.</ref> | ||
| + | {{Cquote|The American people are sick and tired of being afraid to speak their minds lest they be politically smeared as "Communists" or "Fascists" by their opponents. | ||
The American people are sick and tired of seeing innocent people smeared and guilty people whitewashed. But there have been enough proved cases, such as the ''[[Amerasia]]'' case, the [[Hiss]] case, the [[Coplon]] case, the [[Harry Gold|Gold]] case, to cause the nationwide distrust and strong suspicion that there may be something to the [[McCarthyism|unproved, sensational accusations]]. | The American people are sick and tired of seeing innocent people smeared and guilty people whitewashed. But there have been enough proved cases, such as the ''[[Amerasia]]'' case, the [[Hiss]] case, the [[Coplon]] case, the [[Harry Gold|Gold]] case, to cause the nationwide distrust and strong suspicion that there may be something to the [[McCarthyism|unproved, sensational accusations]]. | ||
| − | The Democratic Administration has greatly lost the confidence of the American people by its complacency to the threat of communism here at home and the leak of [[Manhattan project|vital secrets]] to Russia [[Venona|through key officials of the Democratic administration]]. There are enough proved cases to make this point without diluting our criticism with unproved charges. | + | The Democratic Administration has greatly lost the confidence of the American people by its complacency to the threat of communism here at home and the [[leak]] of [[Manhattan project|vital secrets]] to Russia [[Venona|through key officials of the Democratic administration]]. There are enough proved cases to make this point without diluting our criticism with unproved charges. |
| − | Surely these are sufficient reasons to make it clear to the American people that it is time for a change and that a Republican victory is necessary to the security of this country. | + | Surely these are sufficient reasons to make it clear to the American people that it is time for a change and that a Republican victory is necessary to the security of this country. Surely it is clear that this nation will continue to suffer as long as it is governed by the present ineffective Democratic Administration. |
Yet to displace it with a Republican regime embracing a philosophy that lacks political integrity or intellectual honesty would prove equally disastrous to this nation. The nation sorely needs a Republican victory. But I don’t want to see the Republican Party ride to political victory on the Four Horsemen of Calumny—Fear, Ignorance, Bigotry, and Smear. | Yet to displace it with a Republican regime embracing a philosophy that lacks political integrity or intellectual honesty would prove equally disastrous to this nation. The nation sorely needs a Republican victory. But I don’t want to see the Republican Party ride to political victory on the Four Horsemen of Calumny—Fear, Ignorance, Bigotry, and Smear. | ||
| Line 23: | Line 58: | ||
I doubt if the Republican Party could—simply because I don’t believe the American people will uphold any political party that puts political exploitation above national interest. Surely we Republicans aren’t that desperate for victory. | I doubt if the Republican Party could—simply because I don’t believe the American people will uphold any political party that puts political exploitation above national interest. Surely we Republicans aren’t that desperate for victory. | ||
| − | I don’t want to see the Republican Party win that way. While it might be a fleeting victory for the Republican Party, it would be a more lasting defeat for the American people. Surely it would ultimately be suicide for the Republican Party and the two-party system that has protected our American liberties from the dictatorship of a one party system. | + | I don’t want to see the Republican Party win that way. While it might be a fleeting victory for the Republican Party, it would be a more lasting defeat for the American people. Surely it would ultimately be suicide for the Republican Party and the two-party system that has protected our American liberties from the dictatorship of a one party system. |
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Legacy== | ||
| + | "Maggie's List", a political action committee founded in [[Florida]] in 2010 to help elect conservative women, is named after her.<ref>[http://maggieslist.org/meetmaggie Meet Maggie]. ''Maggie's List''.</ref> However, it's important to note that Smith was largely a [[Moderate Republican]] throughout her political career. | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
* Schmidt, Patricia L. ''Margaret Chase Smith: Beyond Convention.'' (1996). 392 pp. | * Schmidt, Patricia L. ''Margaret Chase Smith: Beyond Convention.'' (1996). 392 pp. | ||
| − | * Sherman, Janann Sherman. ''No Place for a Woman: A Life of Senator Margaret Chase Smith'' (2001) [ | + | * Sherman, Janann Sherman. ''No Place for a Woman: A Life of Senator Margaret Chase Smith'' (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/No-Place-Woman-Margaret-Politics/dp/0813527228/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1243074257&sr=8-7 excerpt and text search], the standard scholarly biography |
| − | * Sherman, Janann. "'They Either Need These Women or They Do Not': Margaret Chase Smith and the Fight for Regular Status for Women in the Military." ''Journal of Military History'' 1990 54(1): | + | * Sherman, Janann. "'They Either Need These Women or They Do Not': Margaret Chase Smith and the Fight for Regular Status for Women in the Military." ''Journal of Military History'' 1990 54(1): 47–78. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1985840 in JSTOR] |
* Vallin, Marlene Boyd. '' Margaret Chase Smith: model public servant'' (1998) 243 pp. | * Vallin, Marlene Boyd. '' Margaret Chase Smith: model public servant'' (1998) 243 pp. | ||
| − | * Wallace, Patricia Ward. ''Politics of conscience: a biography of Margaret Chase Smith'' (1995) 245 pp. [ | + | * Wallace, Patricia Ward. ''Politics of conscience: a biography of Margaret Chase Smith'' (1995) 245 pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=_wG3BdaOz74C&dq=intitle:Smith+intitle:Margaret+intitle:Chase&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search] |
| + | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | + | {{reflist}} | |
| − | {{DEFAULTSORT: Smith, Margaret Chase}} | + | |
| − | [[ | + | ==External links== |
| − | [[ | + | *[https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/21866 Biography] at ''US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives |
| − | [[ | + | |
| − | [[ | + | {{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Margaret Chase}} |
| − | [[ | + | [[Category:Maine]] |
| + | [[Category:Republican Party]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Former United States Representatives]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Former United States Senators]] | ||
| + | [[Category:New Deal]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Civil Rights]] | ||
| + | [[Category:1950s]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Moderate Republicans]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:13, August 21, 2021
| Margaret Chase Smith | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Former U.S. Senator from Maine From: January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1973 | |||
| Predecessor | Wallace H. White, Jr. | ||
| Successor | William Hathaway | ||
| Former U.S. Representative from Maine's 2nd Congressional District From: June 3, 1940 – January 3, 1949 | |||
| Predecessor | Clyde Smith | ||
| Successor | Charles P. Nelson | ||
| Information | |||
| Party | Republican | ||
| Spouse(s) | Clyde H. Smith | ||
Margaret Madeline Chase Smith (December 14, 1897 – May 29, 1995) of Skowhegan, Maine, was the first woman elected to both houses of Congress. She replaced her late husband Clyde Smith in the House of Representatives 1940–49, and was elected to the Senate in 1948, serving 1949–73.
From 1953 to 1959, Smith's senatorial colleague was Frederick G. Payne, who shared her style of Moderate Republicanism.[1]
Contents
Political career
U.S. Senate
Although her late husband was considered a conservative,[2] Smith was a liberal-leaning Northeastern Republican (or "Rockefeller Republican"). She was notably honest, independent and courageous. Her concern for national defense during the Cold War led to service on the House Naval Affairs Committee and later several subcommittees of the Senate Armed Services Committee.
Smith led the fight for granting women regular status in the armed services during 1944-48. After passage by the Senate in 1947, a bill providing for regular status for women encountered opposition in the House of Representatives Armed Services Committee from several members who would agree only to reserve status for women. Through adroit political maneuvering, Smith forced the issue to the floor, thereby demonstrating that regular status had strong support in the House and ultimately insuring the passage of the Women's Armed Services Integration Act of 1948.[3]
Smith was a longtime supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment and the leading advocate for women's presence in the military. In her 1948 campaign, she released a statement that said she was "a champion for the women" but "no feminist" because "a woman's viewpoint should be...free of any emphasis on feminine interest."
Despite her mostly liberal-leaning record, Smith voted for Everett Dirksen's school prayer constitutional amendment in 1966;[4] there was only a 49–37 majority in support, far short of the required 67 votes.
She was a nominal candidate for president in 1964. She did respectably well, considering her lack of organization, time, and money. As a speaker she was pleasant and smiling; reasoned in her answers and without invective, she campaigned on the issues.
Smith was defeated for reelection in 1972 by Bill Hathaway,[5] a Democrat who was even more liberal and attacked her for supporting the Vietnam War.
McCarthy
Smith criticized the report released by the Tydings Committee which wrongfully exonerated the State Department of wrongdoing, correctly asserting that the committee:[6]
| “ | ...made the fatal error of subjectively attempting to discredit McCarthy rather than objectively investigating and evaluating his charges. | ” |
She is remembered for her famous Declaration of Conscience in the 1950s in which she stated:[7]
| “ | The American people are sick and tired of being afraid to speak their minds lest they be politically smeared as "Communists" or "Fascists" by their opponents.
The American people are sick and tired of seeing innocent people smeared and guilty people whitewashed. But there have been enough proved cases, such as the Amerasia case, the Hiss case, the Coplon case, the Gold case, to cause the nationwide distrust and strong suspicion that there may be something to the unproved, sensational accusations. The Democratic Administration has greatly lost the confidence of the American people by its complacency to the threat of communism here at home and the leak of vital secrets to Russia through key officials of the Democratic administration. There are enough proved cases to make this point without diluting our criticism with unproved charges. Surely these are sufficient reasons to make it clear to the American people that it is time for a change and that a Republican victory is necessary to the security of this country. Surely it is clear that this nation will continue to suffer as long as it is governed by the present ineffective Democratic Administration. Yet to displace it with a Republican regime embracing a philosophy that lacks political integrity or intellectual honesty would prove equally disastrous to this nation. The nation sorely needs a Republican victory. But I don’t want to see the Republican Party ride to political victory on the Four Horsemen of Calumny—Fear, Ignorance, Bigotry, and Smear. I doubt if the Republican Party could—simply because I don’t believe the American people will uphold any political party that puts political exploitation above national interest. Surely we Republicans aren’t that desperate for victory. I don’t want to see the Republican Party win that way. While it might be a fleeting victory for the Republican Party, it would be a more lasting defeat for the American people. Surely it would ultimately be suicide for the Republican Party and the two-party system that has protected our American liberties from the dictatorship of a one party system. |
” |
Legacy
"Maggie's List", a political action committee founded in Florida in 2010 to help elect conservative women, is named after her.[8] However, it's important to note that Smith was largely a Moderate Republican throughout her political career.
Further reading
- Schmidt, Patricia L. Margaret Chase Smith: Beyond Convention. (1996). 392 pp.
- Sherman, Janann Sherman. No Place for a Woman: A Life of Senator Margaret Chase Smith (2001) excerpt and text search, the standard scholarly biography
- Sherman, Janann. "'They Either Need These Women or They Do Not': Margaret Chase Smith and the Fight for Regular Status for Women in the Military." Journal of Military History 1990 54(1): 47–78. in JSTOR
- Vallin, Marlene Boyd. Margaret Chase Smith: model public servant (1998) 243 pp.
- Wallace, Patricia Ward. Politics of conscience: a biography of Margaret Chase Smith (1995) 245 pp. excerpt and text search
References
- ↑ June 18, 1952. PAYNE HAS STOOD AS A PROGRESSIVE; Identified With Mrs. Smith's Wing of Maine Party While Brewster Is Old Guard. The New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
- ↑ FascinatingPolitics (October 18, 2020). The True Senate Female Firsts: Hattie Caraway, Margaret Chase Smith, and Maurine Neuberger. Mad Politics: The Bizarre, Fascinating, and Unknown of American Political History. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
- ↑ See Sherman (1990)
- ↑ TO PASS S. J. RES 144, A RESOLUTION PROPOSING A CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT PERMITTING SCHOOL PRAYERS.. GovTrack.us. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ↑ ME US Senate - Nov 07, 1972. Our Campaigns. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
- ↑ Schapsmeier, Edward L.; Schapsmeier, Frederick H. A Strong Voice for Keeping America Strong. State Historical Society of Iowa. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ↑ Margaret Chase Smith -- "Declaration of Conscience". American Rhetoric.
- ↑ Meet Maggie. Maggie's List.
External links
- Biography at US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives
