Difference between revisions of "Windows (operating system)"

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(a few more changes to the table)
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{{Progress}}
 
{{Progress}}
−
'''Windows''' is a series of [[operating system|operating systems]] produced and maintained by [[Microsoft Corporation]]. It was estimated that as of December 2007<ref>[http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_os.asp OS Statistics]. Refsnes Data. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.</ref> Microsoft Windows accounted for nearly 90% of operating system usage, with 3 out of 4 being to the [[Windows XP]]. Windows is used both as a desktop operating system and a [[server]]<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/default.mspx Windows Server 2003 R2 Home]. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.</ref> operating system, and is intended for use with the [[Intel]] x86-64 family of processors.
+
'''Windows''' is a series of [[operating system]]s produced and maintained by the [[Microsoft Corporation]]. It was estimated that as of December 2007<ref>[http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_os.asp OS Statistics]. Refsnes Data. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.</ref> Microsoft Windows accounted for nearly 90% of operating system usage, with 3 out of 4 being [[Windows XP]]. Windows is used for desktop, and [[server]] computers,<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/default.mspx Windows Server 2003 R2 Home]. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.</ref> and more recently also for [[cellular phone]]s and tablet computers. It is intended for use with the [[Intel]] x86-64 family of processors.
  
−
Early versions of Windows (98 and earlier) were notoriously unreliable, despite (or maybe because of?) Microsoft's near-monopoly share of the operating system market. They crashed so often that the term "blue screen of death" entered the vocabulary. See also this satire: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX8yrOAjfKM&feature=related  Matrix Runs on Windows XP]
+
Early versions of Windows (98 and earlier) were notoriously unreliable, despite (or maybe because of?) Microsoft's near-monopoly share of the operating system market. They crashed so often that the term "blue screen of death" entered the vocabulary. ''See also this satire: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yX8yrOAjfKM&feature=related  Matrix Runs on Windows XP]''
  
−
While initially Windows was merely a [[graphical user interface]] extension to [[MS-DOS]] shell<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/windows/WinHistoryProGraphic.mspx Windows History: Windows Desktop Timeline]. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.</ref>, it became a full operating system beginning with the release of Windows NT.
+
Initially Windows was a text-based system ([[MS-DOS]]).  Then a [[graphical user interface]] extension was added onto this [[MS-DOS]] core<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/windows/WinHistoryProGraphic.mspx Windows History: Windows Desktop Timeline]. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.</ref> It became a full GUI operating system free of the MS-DOS core beginning with the release of Windows NT.
  
 
==Windows Major Release Versions==
 
==Windows Major Release Versions==
Line 15: Line 15:
 
| Windows 2.0 || 2.11 || March 13, 1989 || Last Windows version to run a [[Graphic User Interface|GUI]] as a shell over a base of [[MS-DOS]]<ref name="HowToGeek">http://www.howtogeek.com/132488/does-windows-still-rely-on-ms-dos</ref> ||  || ||
 
| Windows 2.0 || 2.11 || March 13, 1989 || Last Windows version to run a [[Graphic User Interface|GUI]] as a shell over a base of [[MS-DOS]]<ref name="HowToGeek">http://www.howtogeek.com/132488/does-windows-still-rely-on-ms-dos</ref> ||  || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows 3.0 || 3.0 ||  May 22, 1990  || First Windows version to run without an [[MS-DOS]] base<ref name="HowToGeek">http://www.howtogeek.com/132488/does-windows-still-rely-on-ms-dos</ref> ||  ||  ||
+
| '''Windows 3.0''' || NT 3.0 ||  May 22, 1990  || First Windows version to run without an [[MS-DOS]] base<ref name="HowToGeek">http://www.howtogeek.com/132488/does-windows-still-rely-on-ms-dos</ref> ||  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Windows 3.2 ||  ||  November 22, 1993  || Chinese version of [[Windows 3.1]] || ||  ||
 
| Windows 3.2 ||  ||  November 22, 1993  || Chinese version of [[Windows 3.1]] || ||  ||
−
|-
 
−
| Windows NT 3.1 || 3.10.528 ||  July 27, 1993  ||  ||
 
−
* Workstation
 
−
* Advanced Server
 
−
||  ||
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Windows 3.1 || 3.1 || April 1992 ||  ||  
 
| Windows 3.1 || 3.1 || April 1992 ||  ||  
Line 29: Line 24:
 
||  ||
 
||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows NT 3.5 || 3.5.807 || September 21, 1994 ||  ||   
+
| Windows 3.1 || NT 3.10.528 ||  July 27, 1993  ||  ||
 +
* Workstation
 +
* Advanced Server
 +
||  ||
 +
|-
 +
| '''Windows NT 3.5''' || 3.5.807 || September 21, 1994 ||  ||   
 
* Workstation
 
* Workstation
 
* Server  
 
* Server  
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||  ||
 
||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows 95 || 4.0.950 || August 24, 1995  || Uses the same skin as [[Windows 98|98]], [[Windows 2000|2000]], and [[Windows ME|ME]] ||  || 4MB<ref>https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/138349</ref> ||  ||
+
| '''Windows 95''' || NT 4.0.950 || August 24, 1995  || Uses the same skin as [[Windows 98|98]], [[Windows 2000|2000]], and [[Windows ME|ME]] ||  || 4MB<ref>https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/138349</ref> ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows CE 1.0 ||   ||   ||  ||    || ||
+
| Windows CE Alder<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 1.0 || November 16, 1996<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref>  ||  ||    || 2MB ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows CE 2.0 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+
| Windows NT 4.0 || NT 4.0 || July 29, 1996  || ||  
−
|-
 
−
| Windows NT 4.0 ||  || July 29, 1996  || ||  
 
 
* Workstation
 
* Workstation
 
* Server
 
* Server
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  ||  ||  
 
  ||  ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Windows 98]] || 4.1.1998 || June 25, 1998 || Uses the same skin as [[Windows 95|95]], [[Windows 2000|2000]], and [[Windows ME|ME]] ||  || 16MB || 500MB
+
| Windows CE Birch<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 2.0  || November 1997<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> ||  ||  ||  ||
 +
|-
 +
| '''[[Windows 98]]''' || NT 4.1.1998 || June 25, 1998 || Uses the same skin as [[Windows 95|95]], [[Windows 2000|2000]], and [[Windows ME|ME]] ||  || 16MB || 500MB
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows 98 Second Edition || 4.1.2222 || April 23, 1999 || Uses the same skin as [[Windows 95|95]], [[Windows 2000|2000]], and [[Windows ME|ME]]  ||  ||  ||
+
| '''Windows 98 Second Edition''' || NT 4.1.2222 || April 23, 1999 || Uses the same skin as [[Windows 95|95]], [[Windows 2000|2000]], and [[Windows ME|ME]]  ||  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Windows CE 2.1 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 
| Windows CE 2.1 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows CE 3.0 ||   ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+
| Windows CE Cedar || CE 3.0 || April 2000  ||  ||  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows ME || 4.90.3000 || September 14, 2000 || Uses the same skin as [[Windows 95|95]], [[Windows 98|98]], and [[Windows 2000|2000]]  ||  ||  ||
+
| '''Windows ME''' || NT 4.90.3000 || September 14, 2000 || Uses the same skin as [[Windows 95|95]], [[Windows 98|98]], and [[Windows 2000|2000]]  ||  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Windows 2000]] || 5.0.2195 ||  February 17, 2000  || Uses the same skin as [[Windows 95|95]], [[Windows 98|98]], and [[Windows ME|ME]]  ||   
+
| '''[[Windows 2000]]''' || NT 5.0.2195 ||  February 17, 2000  || Uses the same skin as [[Windows 95|95]], [[Windows 98|98]], and [[Windows ME|ME]]  ||   
 
* Professional
 
* Professional
 
* Server
 
* Server
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  ||  ||
 
  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Windows XP]] || 5.1.2600 ||  October 25, 2001 || Last major version to use this layout, which was introduced with [[Windows 95]]  ||   
+
| '''[[Windows XP]]''' || 5.1.2600 ||  October 25, 2001 || Last major version to use this layout, which was introduced with [[Windows 95]]  ||   
 
* Starter
 
* Starter
 
* Home
 
* Home
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||x32/x86: 64MB<ref name="answers.microsoft.com">http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_xp-windows_install/how-much-ram-is-required-by-windows-xp-to-operate/6e341e7e-4656-4bcb-94e8-d7efc35d3b56?auth=1</ref><br /> x64: 256MB||1.5GB
 
||x32/x86: 64MB<ref name="answers.microsoft.com">http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_xp-windows_install/how-much-ram-is-required-by-windows-xp-to-operate/6e341e7e-4656-4bcb-94e8-d7efc35d3b56?auth=1</ref><br /> x64: 256MB||1.5GB
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows Server 2003 || 5.2  ||  2003 ||  ||  ||  ||
+
| Windows CE Talisker<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 4.0 || January 7, 2002 ||  ||  ||  ||
 +
|-
 +
| Windows CE Jameson<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 4.1  || June 2002<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> ||  ||  ||  ||
 +
|-
 +
| Windows CE McKendric<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 4.2 || April 2003<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> ||  ||  ||  ||
 +
|-
 +
| ''Windows Server 2003'' || NT 5.2 || 2003 ||  ||  || ||
 +
|-
 +
| Windows CE Macallan<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 5.0 || August 2004<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> ||  ||  ||  ||
 +
|-
 +
| ''Windows Server 2003 R2'' ||  || 2006 ||  ||  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows Server 2003 R2 ||   ||  2006 ||  ||  ||  ||
+
| Windows CE Yamazaki<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref>  || CE 6.0 || September 2006<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> ||  ||  ||  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Windows Vista]] || 6.0.6000 || January 30, 2007 || System uses new layout, but started out with some problems  ||   
+
| '''[[Windows Vista]]''' || NT 6.0.6000 || January 30, 2007 || System uses new layout, but started out with some problems  ||   
 
* Starter
 
* Starter
 
* Home Basic
 
* Home Basic
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||Home Basic: 512MB,<br /> All Others: 1GB<ref>http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/how-much-ram-do-i-need-721332</ref>|| 20GB
 
||Home Basic: 512MB,<br /> All Others: 1GB<ref>http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/how-much-ram-do-i-need-721332</ref>|| 20GB
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows Server 2008 ||  || 2008 ||  ||  || 512 MB ||
+
| ''Windows Server 2008'' ||  || 2008 ||  ||  || 512 MB || Foundation: 10GB,<br /> other x32/86: 20GB,<br /> other x64: 32GB
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Windows 7]] || 6.1.7600 || October 22, 2009 || Uses the same basic layout as [[Windows Vista|Vista]], but system is more stable ||   
+
| '''[[Windows 7]]''' || NT 6.1.7600 || October 22, 2009 || Uses the same basic layout as [[Windows Vista|Vista]], but system is more stable ||   
 
* Home Basic
 
* Home Basic
 
* Home Premium
 
* Home Premium
Line 105: Line 115:
 
|| x32/x85: 1GB, x64: 2GB<ref name="answers.microsoft.com">http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_xp-windows_install/how-much-ram-is-required-by-windows-xp-to-operate/6e341e7e-4656-4bcb-94e8-d7efc35d3b56?auth=1</ref>|| x32/x86: 16GB,<br /> x64: 20GB
 
|| x32/x85: 1GB, x64: 2GB<ref name="answers.microsoft.com">http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_xp-windows_install/how-much-ram-is-required-by-windows-xp-to-operate/6e341e7e-4656-4bcb-94e8-d7efc35d3b56?auth=1</ref>|| x32/x86: 16GB,<br /> x64: 20GB
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows Server 2008 R2 ||  || 2010 ||  ||  || 512 MB ||
+
| ''Windows Server 2008 R2'' ||  || 2010 ||  ||  || 512 MB || Foundation: 10GB, <br />others: 32GB
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows Server 2012 || 6.2 || 2012 ||  ||   
+
| ''Windows Server 2012'' || NT 6.2 || 2012 ||  ||   
 
*Foundation
 
*Foundation
 
*Essentials
 
*Essentials
Line 114: Line 124:
 
  || 512MB  || 32GB
 
  || 512MB  || 32GB
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Windows 8]] || 6.2  || October 26, 2012 ||  
+
| '''[[Windows 8]]''' || NT 6.2  || October 26, 2012 ||  
 
*Designed to serve as an [[Operating system|OS]] for all kinds of devices, including [[smartphone|smartphones]]
 
*Designed to serve as an [[Operating system|OS]] for all kinds of devices, including [[smartphone|smartphones]]
 
* Also did away with the Start menu  
 
* Also did away with the Start menu  
Line 125: Line 135:
 
||x32/x86: 1GB,<br /> x64: 2GB<ref name="windows.microsoft.com">http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-8/system-requirements</ref> ||
 
||x32/x86: 1GB,<br /> x64: 2GB<ref name="windows.microsoft.com">http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-8/system-requirements</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows Server 2012 R2 || 6.3  || 2013 ||  ||   
+
| ''Windows Server 2012 R2'' || NT 6.3  || 2013 ||  ||   
 
*Foundation
 
*Foundation
 
*Essentials
 
*Essentials
Line 132: Line 142:
 
  || 512MB  || 32GB
 
  || 512MB  || 32GB
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows 8.1 || 6.3  || October 17, 2013 || Slight update from [[Windows 8|8.0]] which brings back the Start button  ||   
+
| '''Windows 8.1''' || NT 6.3  || October 17, 2013 || Slight update from [[Windows 8|8.0]] which brings back the Start button  ||   
 
* Standard
 
* Standard
 
* Professional
 
* Professional
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  ||
 
  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[Windows 10]] || 6.4<ref>http://windowsitpro.com/windows-10/windows-10s-inventoried-version-number</ref>  || July 29, 2015 || Designed to collect personal information and customize itself based on preferences  ||   
+
| '''[[Windows 10]]''' || NT 6.4<ref>http://windowsitpro.com/windows-10/windows-10s-inventoried-version-number</ref>  || July 29, 2015 || Designed to collect personal information and customize itself based on preferences  ||   
 
* Home
 
* Home
 
* Professional
 
* Professional
Line 151: Line 161:
 
  ||
 
  ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Windows Server 2016 ||  || 2016  ||  || || ||
+
| ''Windows Server 2016'' ||  || 2016  ||  || || ||
 
|}
 
|}
−
<ref>http://www.nextofwindows.com/a-list-of-windows-operating-system-version-number</ref><ref>http://www.computerhope.com/whow.htm</ref><ref>http://www.carrona.org/winreldt.html#31</ref><ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/history#T1=era0</ref>
+
(Some popular NT releases are listed in '''bold''' and special server releases are listed in ''italic''.) <ref>http://www.nextofwindows.com/a-list-of-windows-operating-system-version-number</ref><ref>http://www.computerhope.com/whow.htm</ref><ref>http://www.carrona.org/winreldt.html#31</ref><ref>http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/history#T1=era0</ref>
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==

Revision as of 14:14, April 15, 2016

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Windows is a series of operating systems produced and maintained by the Microsoft Corporation. It was estimated that as of December 2007[1] Microsoft Windows accounted for nearly 90% of operating system usage, with 3 out of 4 being Windows XP. Windows is used for desktop, and server computers,[2] and more recently also for cellular phones and tablet computers. It is intended for use with the Intel x86-64 family of processors.

Early versions of Windows (98 and earlier) were notoriously unreliable, despite (or maybe because of?) Microsoft's near-monopoly share of the operating system market. They crashed so often that the term "blue screen of death" entered the vocabulary. See also this satire: Matrix Runs on Windows XP

Initially Windows was a text-based system (MS-DOS). Then a graphical user interface extension was added onto this MS-DOS core[3] It became a full GUI operating system free of the MS-DOS core beginning with the release of Windows NT.

Windows Major Release Versions

Name Version Number Public Release Notes Editions Minimum RAM required Minimum drive space
Windows 1.0 1.04 April, 1987
Windows 2.0 2.11 March 13, 1989 Last Windows version to run a GUI as a shell over a base of MS-DOS[4]
Windows 3.0 NT 3.0 May 22, 1990 First Windows version to run without an MS-DOS base[4]
Windows 3.2 November 22, 1993 Chinese version of Windows 3.1
Windows 3.1 3.1 April 1992
  • Windows 3.1
  • Windows for Workgroups 3.1 (October 1992)
Windows 3.1 NT 3.10.528 July 27, 1993
  • Workstation
  • Advanced Server
Windows NT 3.5 3.5.807 September 21, 1994
  • Workstation
  • Server
Windows NT 3.51 3.51.1057 May 30, 1995
  • Workstation
  • Server
Windows 95 NT 4.0.950 August 24, 1995 Uses the same skin as 98, 2000, and ME 4MB[5]
Windows CE Alder[6] CE 1.0 November 16, 1996[6] 2MB
Windows NT 4.0 NT 4.0 July 29, 1996
  • Workstation
  • Server
  • Server Enterprise
  • Terminal Server
Windows CE Birch[6] CE 2.0 November 1997[6]
Windows 98 NT 4.1.1998 June 25, 1998 Uses the same skin as 95, 2000, and ME 16MB 500MB
Windows 98 Second Edition NT 4.1.2222 April 23, 1999 Uses the same skin as 95, 2000, and ME
Windows CE 2.1
Windows CE Cedar CE 3.0 April 2000
Windows ME NT 4.90.3000 September 14, 2000 Uses the same skin as 95, 98, and 2000
Windows 2000 NT 5.0.2195 February 17, 2000 Uses the same skin as 95, 98, and ME
  • Professional
  • Server
  • Advanced Server
  • Datacenter Server
Windows XP 5.1.2600 October 25, 2001 Last major version to use this layout, which was introduced with Windows 95
  • Starter
  • Home
  • Professional
  • Professional x64
  • Media Center 2002
  • Media Center 2004
  • Media Center 2005
  • Tablet PC
  • Embedded
 x32/x86: 64MB[7]
x64: 256MB		 1.5GB
Windows CE Talisker[6] CE 4.0 January 7, 2002
Windows CE Jameson[6] CE 4.1 June 2002[6]
Windows CE McKendric[6] CE 4.2 April 2003[6]
Windows Server 2003 NT 5.2 2003
Windows CE Macallan[6] CE 5.0 August 2004[6]
Windows Server 2003 R2 2006
Windows CE Yamazaki[6] CE 6.0 September 2006[6]
Windows Vista NT 6.0.6000 January 30, 2007 System uses new layout, but started out with some problems
  • Starter
  • Home Basic
  • Home Premium
  • Business
  • Ultimate
  • Enterprise
 Home Basic: 512MB,
All Others: 1GB[8]		 20GB
Windows Server 2008 2008 512 MB Foundation: 10GB,
other x32/86: 20GB,
other x64: 32GB
Windows 7 NT 6.1.7600 October 22, 2009 Uses the same basic layout as Vista, but system is more stable
  • Home Basic
  • Home Premium
  • Professional
  • Enterprise
  • Ultimate
  • Thin PC
 x32/x85: 1GB, x64: 2GB[7] x32/x86: 16GB,
x64: 20GB
Windows Server 2008 R2 2010 512 MB Foundation: 10GB,
others: 32GB
Windows Server 2012 NT 6.2 2012
  • Foundation
  • Essentials
  • Standard
  • Datacenter
 512MB 32GB
Windows 8 NT 6.2 October 26, 2012
  • Designed to serve as an OS for all kinds of devices, including smartphones
  • Also did away with the Start menu
  • Sold surprisingly poorly
  • Standard
  • Professional
  • Enterprise
  • Embedded
 x32/x86: 1GB,
x64: 2GB[9]
Windows Server 2012 R2 NT 6.3 2013
  • Foundation
  • Essentials
  • Standard
  • Datacenter
 512MB 32GB
Windows 8.1 NT 6.3 October 17, 2013 Slight update from 8.0 which brings back the Start button
  • Standard
  • Professional
  • Enterprise
  • Embedded
 x32/x86: 1GB,
x64: 2GB[9]
Windows 10 NT 6.4[10] July 29, 2015 Designed to collect personal information and customize itself based on preferences
  • Home
  • Professional
  • Enterprise
  • Education
  • Mobile
  • Mobile Enterprise
  • IoT Core
 x32/x86: 1GB,
x64: 2GB[11]
Windows Server 2016 2016

(Some popular NT releases are listed in bold and special server releases are listed in italic.) [12][13][14][15]

See also

References

  1. ↑ OS Statistics. Refsnes Data. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.
  2. ↑ Windows Server 2003 R2 Home. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.
  3. ↑ Windows History: Windows Desktop Timeline. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 http://www.howtogeek.com/132488/does-windows-still-rely-on-ms-dos
  5. ↑ https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/138349
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_xp-windows_install/how-much-ram-is-required-by-windows-xp-to-operate/6e341e7e-4656-4bcb-94e8-d7efc35d3b56?auth=1
  8. ↑ http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/how-much-ram-do-i-need-721332
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-8/system-requirements
  10. ↑ http://windowsitpro.com/windows-10/windows-10s-inventoried-version-number
  11. ↑ http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_10-win_upgrade/how-much-ram-will-windows-10-use/769c6a0e-82de-4254-ae65-59a84c6a5886
  12. ↑ http://www.nextofwindows.com/a-list-of-windows-operating-system-version-number
  13. ↑ http://www.computerhope.com/whow.htm
  14. ↑ http://www.carrona.org/winreldt.html#31
  15. ↑ http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/history#T1=era0

External Links

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