Difference between revisions of "Protestantism"
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'''Protestantism''' is one of the three major divisions in [[Christendom]] that traces their heritage back to the [[Western Church]]. Other divisions include [[Catholicism]] and the [[Orthodox Church]]. | '''Protestantism''' is one of the three major divisions in [[Christendom]] that traces their heritage back to the [[Western Church]]. Other divisions include [[Catholicism]] and the [[Orthodox Church]]. | ||
| − | Protestantism began in the European [[Reformation]] | + | Protestantism began in the European [[Reformation]] of the 16th century, especially with such reformers as [[Martin Luther]] and [[John Calvin]], ass well as [[King Henry VIII]] in England. |
== Impact == | == Impact == | ||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
==Notable events== | ==Notable events== | ||
| − | * [[Martin Luther]]'s nailing of [[The 95 Theses]] to the church doors in [[Wittenberg]] on October 31, 1517 | + | * [[Martin Luther]]'s nailing of [[The 95 Theses]] to the church doors in [[Wittenberg]] on October 31, 1517; Luther was the spiritual leader of [[Lutheranism]], which came to dominate much of Germany and all of Scandinavia |
| + | |||
* In [[England]], by decree of King [[Henry VIII]] in 1533. | * In [[England]], by decree of King [[Henry VIII]] in 1533. | ||
* [[John Knox]], inspired by [[John Calvin]] and aided by many [[Martyrs' Monument|martyr]]s, took [[Scotland]] into the [[Presbyterian]] fold in 1560. | * [[John Knox]], inspired by [[John Calvin]] and aided by many [[Martyrs' Monument|martyr]]s, took [[Scotland]] into the [[Presbyterian]] fold in 1560. | ||
| Line 15: | Line 16: | ||
== Protestantism in the United States == | == Protestantism in the United States == | ||
| − | Protestants are the largest Christian division in the United States. | + | Protestants are the largest Christian division in the United States. There are two main groupings, the more conservative [[Evangelical Christians]] and the more liberal Mainline denominations. Many of the Evangelicals incline to [[Fundamentalism]], but the lines are blurry. |
| − | In the United States, | + | In the United States, there are over 200 denominations. The largest include: |
*[[Baptist]] | *[[Baptist]] | ||
| − | **[[Southern Baptist Convention]] | + | **[[Southern Baptist Convention]] (Evangelical/fundamentalist) |
| + | ***[[Anabaptist]] | ||
*[[Methodist]] | *[[Methodist]] | ||
**[[United Methodist Church]] | **[[United Methodist Church]] | ||
*[[Lutheran]] | *[[Lutheran]] | ||
| − | **[[Lutheran Church Missouri Synod]] | + | **[[Lutheran Church Missouri Synod]] (Evangelical/fundamentalist) |
**[[ELCA]] | **[[ELCA]] | ||
*[[Presbyterian]] | *[[Presbyterian]] | ||
| Line 30: | Line 32: | ||
*[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]], also called the Protestant Episcopal Church of the U.S. | *[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]], also called the Protestant Episcopal Church of the U.S. | ||
*[[Disciples of Christ]] | *[[Disciples of Christ]] | ||
| − | *[[Church of Christ]] | + | *[[Church of Christ]] (Evangelical/fundamentalist) |
| − | *[[Assemblies of God]] | + | *[[Pentecostalism]] (Evangelical/fundamentalist) |
| − | * [[Holiness Movement]] | + | *[[Assemblies of God]] (Evangelical/fundamentalist) |
| + | *[[Holiness Movement]] (Evangelical/fundamentalist) | ||
| + | *[[Adventist]] (Evangelical/fundamentalist) | ||
Smaller groups include: | Smaller groups include: | ||
| − | |||
*[[Mennonite]] | *[[Mennonite]] | ||
*[[Amish]] | *[[Amish]] | ||
*[[Brethren]] | *[[Brethren]] | ||
*[[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]] | *[[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]] | ||
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Unitarianism|Unitarians]] |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | The [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] (Mormons) | + | The [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints]] (Mormons) considers itself Christian but not Protestant. |
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
* Balmer, Randall. ''Protestantism in America'' (2005) [http://www.amazon.com/Protestantism-Columbia-Contemporary-American-Religion/dp/0231111312/ref=pd_bbs_sr_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200807603&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search] | * Balmer, Randall. ''Protestantism in America'' (2005) [http://www.amazon.com/Protestantism-Columbia-Contemporary-American-Religion/dp/0231111312/ref=pd_bbs_sr_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200807603&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search] | ||
Revision as of 12:43, May 26, 2009
Protestantism is one of the three major divisions in Christendom that traces their heritage back to the Western Church. Other divisions include Catholicism and the Orthodox Church.
Protestantism began in the European Reformation of the 16th century, especially with such reformers as Martin Luther and John Calvin, ass well as King Henry VIII in England.
Impact
Protestants made the Bible available to all by publication of the Bible in the common language and universal education. The mandatory celibacy of the clergy (including monasticism) was also rejected.
Notable events
- Martin Luther's nailing of The 95 Theses to the church doors in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517; Luther was the spiritual leader of Lutheranism, which came to dominate much of Germany and all of Scandinavia
- In England, by decree of King Henry VIII in 1533.
- John Knox, inspired by John Calvin and aided by many martyrs, took Scotland into the Presbyterian fold in 1560.
Protestantism in the United States
Protestants are the largest Christian division in the United States. There are two main groupings, the more conservative Evangelical Christians and the more liberal Mainline denominations. Many of the Evangelicals incline to Fundamentalism, but the lines are blurry.
In the United States, there are over 200 denominations. The largest include:
- Baptist
- Southern Baptist Convention (Evangelical/fundamentalist)
- Methodist
- Lutheran
- Lutheran Church Missouri Synod (Evangelical/fundamentalist)
- ELCA
- Presbyterian
- Reformed
- Episcopal Church in the United States of America, also called the Protestant Episcopal Church of the U.S.
- Disciples of Christ
- Church of Christ (Evangelical/fundamentalist)
- Pentecostalism (Evangelical/fundamentalist)
- Assemblies of God (Evangelical/fundamentalist)
- Holiness Movement (Evangelical/fundamentalist)
- Adventist (Evangelical/fundamentalist)
Smaller groups include:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons) considers itself Christian but not Protestant.
Further reading
- Balmer, Randall. Protestantism in America (2005) excerpt and text search
- Bell, James S., and Tracy Macon Sumner. The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Reformation and Protestantism (2002) excerpt and text search
- Gonzalez, Justo L. A History of Christian Thought: Volume 3: From the Protestant Reformation to the Twentieth Century (1987) excerpt and text search
- Hillerbrand, Hans J. ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation. (OUP 1996); the book is online at many academic libraries; excerpt and text search
- Latourette, Kenneth Scott. A History of Christianity (2 vol 1975) excerpt and text search vol 1, to 1500
- Latourette, Kenneth Scott. Christianity in a Revolutionary Age: A History of Christianity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (1958) vol 1 online edition
- Latourette, Kenneth Scott. A history of the expansion of Christianity (7 vol 1939-1970), monumental history of missionary work worldwide online edition
- MacCulloch, Diarmaid. The Reformation (2005), influential recent survey excerpt and text search
- McGonigle, Thomas D., and James F. Quigley. A History of the Christian Tradition, Vol. II: From the Reformation to the Present (1996) excerpt and text search
- Noll, Mark A. The Old Religion in a New World: The History of North American Christianity (2001) excerpt and text search
- New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (1911), ), major sources of older scholarly articles; mainline Protestant perspective
- Vol. 1: Aachen - Basilians
- Vol. 2: Basilica - Chambers
- Vol. 3: Chamier - Draendorf
- Vol. 4: Draeseke - Goa
- Vol. 5: Goar - Innocent
- Vol. 6: Innocents - Liudger
- Vol. 7: Liutprand - Moralities
- Vol. 8: Morality - Petersen
- Vol. 9: Petri - Reuchlin
- Vol. 10: Reutsch - Son
- Vol. 11: Son of Man - Tremellius
- Vol. 12: Trench - Zwingli
- Vol. 13: Index
United States
- Ahlstrom, Sydney E. A religious history of the American people (1979) 1192 pages; classic history from broad perspective excerpt and text search
- Balmer, Randall. Encyclopedia of Evangelicalism (2nd ed. 2004), 655pp
- Lippy, Charles H. and Peter W. Williams, eds. Encyclopedia of the American religious experience: studies of traditions and movements (3 vol 1988) 1872 pages; standard reference work; long essays by scholars
- Noll, Mark A. A history of Christianity in the United States and Canada (1992), by leading Evangelical historian excerpt and text search
- Queen, Edward L. et al, eds. Encyclopedia of American Religious History (3rd ed. 2 vol. 2009) 1200pp
- Reid, Daniel G. et al. eds., Dictionary of Christianity in America (199)
- Wooley, Davis C. ed. Encyclopedia of Southern Baptists (5 vol 1958-19820; 2565 pages
Primary sources
- Placher, William C. Readings in the History of Christian Theology, Volume 2: From the Reformation to the Present (1988) excerpt and text search
notes