John Birch Society

The John Birch Society is a conservative American anti-Communist organization founded in 1958 by Massachusetts businessman Robert Welch (1900-1985).

At its peak in 1964 the Society had hundreds of chapters throughout the country, 100,000 members, 400 American Opinion bookstores to distribute and sell its literature, and an active cadre of speakers that crisscrossed the country. It did not endorse candidates and did not lobby for legislation, spending its energy on warnings that Communists were already in power in Washington and were about to fully take over the country.

It never had a major impact on politics. It is still in operation, but is mentioned mostly by liberals who use it to ridicule and attack conservatives in general.

Origins

The organization was founded by Robert Welch in 1958 to fight Communist infiltration of the United States. He designed the Society like the Communist movement, with a strong leader at the top (himself), with each lower level following the orders they were given. In practive the local shapters were discussion clubs and rarely engaged in much activism. Society literature denounced collectivist infiltration from Communists, the United Nations, and various front groups.

Eisenhower

Welch wrote in a widely circulated statement, The Politician, "Could Eisenhower really be simply a smart politician, entirely without principles and hungry for glory, who is only the tool of the Communists? The answer is yes." He went on. ""With regard to ... Eisenhower, it is difficult to avoid raising the question of deliberate treason."

Rejected by most conservatives

It was moderately active in the 1960s with numerous chapters, but rarely engaged in coalition building with other conservatives. Indeed, it was rejected by most conservatives because of the outlandish conspiracy theories of its leader Robert Welch. William F. Buckley and his National Review regularly attacked Welch, and by 1965 was attacking the Society as well. Starting with Welch considered conservative President Dwight D. Eisenhower a Communist stooge, it was deeply distrustful of all presidents since Franklin Roosevelt.

Eisenhower cabinet member Ezra Taft Benson, a leading Mormon, spoke in fabor of the John Birch Society, but in January 1963 the Mormon church issued a statement distancing itself from the Society.

Liberal target

The John Birch Society was a favorite target of liberals--some of whom laughed and others pointed to it as a dangerous organization of the "radical right" that aimed to subvert democracy. In practice, the Society actually did little more than publish pamphlets and sponsor local discussion groups.

Ideology

The Society works towards educating Americans about the original intent of the Founding Fathers. The John Birch Society strongly believes that the United States is a Constitutional Republic, not a democracy.

Although the JBS is considered to be "right-wing", the group has taken many positions contrary to neo-Conservatism. The group is a proponent of what many consider to be conspiracy theories, and the group freely confesses to this "charge".

In the 1960s Welch insisted that the Johnson administration's fight against communism in Vietnam was part of a communist plot aimed at taking over the United States. Welch demanded that the United States get out of Vietnam, thus aligning the Society with the far left.

Publications

The official magazine of the John Birch Society is The New American.

The Birch Society has an active publication and reprint program. Reflecting its distrust of national leadership over the last 70 years, many of the books blame the White House and national leaders for deliberately damaging the national interest--for example, by encouraging the Japanese to sink the American fleet at Pearl Harbor.

Members

There are unofficial JBS chapters on many college campuses throughout the United States.

One survey in the early 1970s found the typical John Birch Society member was middle or upper-middle class, Republican and Protestant. He was also fairly young and well educated: the majority of the sample was under 40 at time of recruitment and had completed at least three years of college. A later survey in the mid 1980s found the membership then was disproportionately Southwesterners, young, urban, male, and Catholic. They were consistently conservative on secular issues, antigovernment, and negative toward communism. The evidence does not support liberal notions that irrationality, social strains, or status anxiety explained their beliefs.

Further reading

• McGirr, Lisa. Suburban Warriors: The Origins of the New American Right (2001), focus on Los Angeles suburbs in 1960s
• Stewart, Charles J. "The Master Conspiracy of the John Birch Society: From Communism to the New World Order," Western Journal of Communication (2002) v.66#4 pp 424+ online edition
• Stone, Barbara S. "The John Birch Society: a Profile," Journal of Politics 1974 36(1): 184-197,
• Wilcox, Clyde. "Sources of Support for the Old Right: a Comparison of the John Birch Society and the Christian Anti-Communism Crusade." Social Science History 1988 12(4): 429-450,

Primary sources

• Robert W. Welch Jr. The blue book of the John Birch Society. Boston: Western Islands, 1961.
• Robert W. Welch Jr. and the John Birch Society The White Book of the John Birch Society for 1964. Belmont: John Birch Society, 1961.
• Robert W. Welch Jr. The New Americanism and Other Speeches. Boston: Western Islands, 1966.
• Gary Allen. None Dare Call It Conspiracy. G S G & Associates, Inc., 1971.
• Korean Airlines Flight 007 - Congressman Larry McDonald, the 2nd President of the JBS, was a passenger of this flight downed by the Soviets on Sept. 1, 1983 in international waters west of Sakhalin Island.

External Links

• The John Birch Society Website
• The New American
• "KAL Flight 007 Remembered" New American Magazine
• Website of the International Committee for the Rescue of KAL 007 Survivors
• [1] FBI files pertaining to the John Birch Society