Difference between revisions of "Codex Sinaiticus"
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| − | [[ | + | [[File:Overview of Codex Siniaticus.jpeg|thumb|right|An image of Codex Sinaiticus]]The '''Codex Sinaiticus''',<ref>Pronounced KOW·daks seye-neye-tuh-kuhs - say "Sinai" followed by "-ticus".</ref> or '''ℵ''' (aleph), meaning "the Sinai book," is a fourth-century (300s A.D.) [[Greek]] manuscript of the [[Bible]] and superb online resource for studying it.<ref>https://www.codexsinaiticus.org/en/</ref> It ranks with the [[Codex Vaticanus]] as an independent early confirmation of the entire [[New Testament]].<ref>The Codex Sinaiticus reportedly has more mistakes than Vaticanus, but is also more complete as the Vaticanus is missing a few substantial sections such as the last part of the [[Epistle to the Hebrews]]. Over the millennia, nine scribes attempted to correct minor errors in the Sinaiticus, see "Bible (texts)," ''New Catholic Encyclopedia'' (2003).</ref> |
| − | + | In addition to the now-standard 27 books of the New Testament, Sinaiticus includes the [[Epistle of Barnabas]] and most of the Shepherd of Hermas. The Old Testament given in the codex is a Greek translation called the [[Septuagint]]. This is the version of scripture quoted by [[Jesus]] and the [[apostles]]. Sinaiticus includes various works now classified as apocryphal by [[Protestant]]s, including 2 Esdras, Tobit, Judith, 1 and 4 Maccabees, Wisdom, and Sirach. | |
| − | + | The codex was found in 1859 by German Bible scholar Tischendorf at the Monastery of St. Catherine at the foot of Mt. Sinai. Tischendorf claimed to have saved the codex as it was being fed to a fire by monks. | |
| − | + | Tischendorf published a print facsimile in 1862 and presented the manuscript to the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, his sponsor. A photographic facsimile edition was published by Oxford University Press in 1911. In 1933, the Soviet government sold the manuscript to the British Museum. In 1975, the [[monk]]s of St. Catherine discovered numerous parchment fragments. Among these fragments were twelve missing leaves from the Codex Sinaiticus. | |
| + | |||
| + | There are 347 leaves of the codex in the British Library in London. Some 199 of these are from the Old Testament, while 148 of the New Testament. Forty-three Old Testament leaves are at the University of Leipzig in Germany, twelve at St. Catherine's Monastery, and six at the National Library of Russia. In July 2009, the Codex Sinaiticus Project used color digitized images of leaves kept at four institutions to unite the codex online in a fabulous resource for all.<ref>''[http://codexsinaiticus.org/en/ The Codex Sinaiticus Website]''</ref><ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4739369.stm Oldest known Bible to go online]," ''BBC'', 3 August 2005.</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Gospel of Mark == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Codex Sinaiticus is a primary source for the [[Gospel of Mark]], which has been studied extensively in this rendition.<ref name="A">chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://jbtc.org/v13/Head2008.pdf</ref> Generally, there are fewer ancient manuscripts and contemporary commentary about the Gospel of Mark than for the other [[Gospels]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Codex Sinaiticus omits the {{bibleref|Mark|16|9-20}} (see [[Mark ending]]), thereby confirming that this passage was likely appended later. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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== External links == | == External links == | ||
| − | *[http://codexsinaiticus.org/en/ Codex | + | *[http://codexsinaiticus.org/en/ Codex Sinaiticus website]. The leaves of the codex are electronically reunited on this site. |
| + | *[https://codexsinaiticus.org/en/manuscript.aspx Manuscript electronically accessible for the Codex Sinaiticus] | ||
*[http://www.biblefacts.org/history/oldtext.html N.T. Ancient Manuscripts] | *[http://www.biblefacts.org/history/oldtext.html N.T. Ancient Manuscripts] | ||
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04085a.htm Codex Sinaiticus] Catholic Encyclopedia. | *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04085a.htm Codex Sinaiticus] Catholic Encyclopedia. | ||
Latest revision as of 15:18, May 29, 2025
The Codex Sinaiticus,[1] or ℵ (aleph), meaning "the Sinai book," is a fourth-century (300s A.D.) Greek manuscript of the Bible and superb online resource for studying it.[2] It ranks with the Codex Vaticanus as an independent early confirmation of the entire New Testament.[3]
In addition to the now-standard 27 books of the New Testament, Sinaiticus includes the Epistle of Barnabas and most of the Shepherd of Hermas. The Old Testament given in the codex is a Greek translation called the Septuagint. This is the version of scripture quoted by Jesus and the apostles. Sinaiticus includes various works now classified as apocryphal by Protestants, including 2 Esdras, Tobit, Judith, 1 and 4 Maccabees, Wisdom, and Sirach.
The codex was found in 1859 by German Bible scholar Tischendorf at the Monastery of St. Catherine at the foot of Mt. Sinai. Tischendorf claimed to have saved the codex as it was being fed to a fire by monks.
Tischendorf published a print facsimile in 1862 and presented the manuscript to the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, his sponsor. A photographic facsimile edition was published by Oxford University Press in 1911. In 1933, the Soviet government sold the manuscript to the British Museum. In 1975, the monks of St. Catherine discovered numerous parchment fragments. Among these fragments were twelve missing leaves from the Codex Sinaiticus.
There are 347 leaves of the codex in the British Library in London. Some 199 of these are from the Old Testament, while 148 of the New Testament. Forty-three Old Testament leaves are at the University of Leipzig in Germany, twelve at St. Catherine's Monastery, and six at the National Library of Russia. In July 2009, the Codex Sinaiticus Project used color digitized images of leaves kept at four institutions to unite the codex online in a fabulous resource for all.[4][5]
Gospel of Mark
Codex Sinaiticus is a primary source for the Gospel of Mark, which has been studied extensively in this rendition.[6] Generally, there are fewer ancient manuscripts and contemporary commentary about the Gospel of Mark than for the other Gospels.
Codex Sinaiticus omits the Mark 16:9-20 (see Mark ending), thereby confirming that this passage was likely appended later.
References
- ↑ Pronounced KOW·daks seye-neye-tuh-kuhs - say "Sinai" followed by "-ticus".
- ↑ https://www.codexsinaiticus.org/en/
- ↑ The Codex Sinaiticus reportedly has more mistakes than Vaticanus, but is also more complete as the Vaticanus is missing a few substantial sections such as the last part of the Epistle to the Hebrews. Over the millennia, nine scribes attempted to correct minor errors in the Sinaiticus, see "Bible (texts)," New Catholic Encyclopedia (2003).
- ↑ The Codex Sinaiticus Website
- ↑ "Oldest known Bible to go online," BBC, 3 August 2005.
- ↑ chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/http://jbtc.org/v13/Head2008.pdf
See also
External links
- Codex Sinaiticus website. The leaves of the codex are electronically reunited on this site.
- Manuscript electronically accessible for the Codex Sinaiticus
- N.T. Ancient Manuscripts
- Codex Sinaiticus Catholic Encyclopedia.