Difference between revisions of "Brain"

Latest revision as of 15:43, August 20, 2025

The human brain is the most complex physical entity in the universe.^[1]

The brain is a major part of the central nervous system. In vertebrates, the brain is connected to the spinal cord. In invertebrates' nervous systems, the brain can be a decentralized collection of neurons or a single ganglion. In the vertebrates, the brain is much more complex and is divided into three separate areas, the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. The brain is involved in higher functioning such as decision-making, speech, and processing of the senses.

In adult humans, the brain weighs about 3 lbs., with 100 billion neurons, and up to 100 trillion connections.

Investigations using new techniques such as fMRI are expanding knowledge on the relationship between the brain and behavior.

Parts of the brain

Medulla

The medulla is located near the top of the spinal column. It is the part of the hindbrain where nerves cross from one side of the body to the opposite side of the brain. It controls life-sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and the beating of the heart. (Ciccarelli & White, 70)^[2]

Cerebellum

The cerebellum is located at the base of the skull. It is a part of the hindbrain that controls balance and maintains muscle coordination. It controls all involuntary motor movement, such as sitting upright. It also coordinates in voluntary movements that happen in rapid succession, such as walking, dancing, swimming, and even the movements of speech. Learned reflexes and skills are stored here, allowing them to be more automatic. (Ciccarelli & White, 70)^[2]

Thalamus

The thalamus is a part of the forebrain that relays information from sensory organs to the cerebral cortex. It is a round structure in the center of the brain. The thalamus performs some processing of sensory information before sending the it to its specific part of the cortex. (Ciccarelli & White, 71)^[2]

Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is a small structure located below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It is responsible for motivational behavior such as sleep, hunger, thirst, and reproduction. It also regulates body temperature, emotions, and hormone regulation.

Hippocampus

The hippocampus is named as such due to the fact that it looks like a seahorse. The hippocampus forms long-term memories that are stored elsewhere in the brain.^[3]

Amygdala

The amygdala is located near the hippocampus. These two structures are responsible for fear responses and memory of fear.

Cognitive control

See also: Cognitive control and Goal setting

Cognitive control is the set of processes that organize, plan, and schedule mental operations.^[4]

According to the Carter Lab at the University of California, Davis:

â

"Cognitive control" is a construct from contemporary cognitive neuroscience that refers to processes that allow information processing and behavior to vary adaptively from moment to moment depending on current goals, rather than remaining rigid and inflexible. Cognitive control processes include a broad class of mental operations including goal or context representation and maintenance, and strategic processes such as attention allocation and stimulus-response mapping. Cognitive control is associated with a wide range of processes and is not restricted to a particular cognitive domain. For example, the presence of impairments in cognitive control functions may be associated with specific deficits in attention, memory, language comprehension and emotional processing. Given its pervasive influence, impaired cognitive control could account for many of the widespread impairments exhibited by people with schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders.^[5]

â

Free Will

See also: Atheism and free will

Many liberal scientists believe that modern neuroscience is a subversion of free will, and that the brain is all there is to personality. This is to the direct exclusion of the soul and God's will. For instance, if someone was to commit a crime, that person could be exonerated on the basis of his neurological abnormalities, which are not his fault. Descartes attempted to avoid this issue by placing the soul at the helm of the individual, stating that it was our spirits that truly drive us. The soul attached to the brain via the pineal gland, communicating with the corporeal matter by squeezing the central gland, and pumping cerebrospinal fluid through the body. However, his atheism left no place for communion of the soul with God, and Descartes was also mistaken in the belief that only humans have pineal glands. Many conservative scientists are now taking into account the soul, when they factor in free will, which allows for much more variation among individuals.

Neuroplasticity

Big Five personality traits factor model

See also: Neuroplasticity

Personality is the way people think, feel, and behave.^[6]

According to the National Institute of Health, "Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity or brain plasticity, is a process that involves adaptive structural and functional changes to the brain."^[7]

An article on neuroplasticity further states:

â

Neuroplasticity is the brainâs capacity to continue growing and evolving in response to life experiences. Plasticity is the capacity to be shaped, molded, or altered; neuroplasticity, then, is the ability for the brain to adapt or change over time, by creating new neurons and building new networks.

Historically, scientists believed that the brain stopped growing after childhood. But current research shows that the brain is able to continue growing and changing throughout the lifespan, refining its architecture or shifting functions to different regions of the brain.

The importance of neuroplasticity canât be overstated: It means that it is possible to change dysfunctional patterns of thinking and behaving and to develop new mindsets, new memories, new skills, and new abilities.^[8]

â

UC Davis researchers indicate:

â

It has long been believed that people canât change their personalities, which are largely stable and inherited. But a review of recent research in personality science points to the possibility that personality traits can change through persistent intervention and major life events.

Personality traits, identified as neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness, can predict a wide range of important outcomes such as health, happiness and income. Because of this, these traits might represent an important target for policy interventions designed to improve human welfare.

The research, published in the December issue of American Psychologist, is the product of the Personality Change Consortium, an international group of researchers committed to advancing understanding of personality change. The consortium was initiated by Wiebke Bleidorn and Christopher Hopwood, University of California, Davis, professors of psychology who are also co-authors of the latest paper, âThe Policy Relevance of Personality Traits.â The paper has 13 other co-authors.^[9]

â

The article How to Become a New Person Through Neuroplasticity states:

â

In Atomic Habits, James Clear expands on this idea and suggests that changing your habits requires not only changing your thought patterns, but your underlying beliefs about yourself. If you want to change yourself to be more assertive, for example, but deep down you still believe you are a timid person, the changes you make toward being assertive will not last.)

According to Dispenza, when an emotion lasts more than a few hours, it becomes a mood. When it lasts more than a few days, it becomes a temperament. When it lasts years, it becomes a personality trait. Replacing a negative personality trait with a positive one, then, requires changing the emotions that eventually build to that trait.^[10]

â

Some of the key ways an individual can change their personality is through improving:^[11]^[12]

Neuroplasticity and the potential to change one's personality

See: Neuroplasticity and the ability of individuals to change their personality

Human consciousness and the existence of God

See also: Atheism and irrationality

The Argument from Consciousness for the Existence of God by John Piippo
Consciousness: One of Atheism's Irresolvable Problems by John Piippo
The enigmatic human brain
The human brain: The most complex structure in the universe

Atheism and the brain

Atheism and the brain

Atheism and intelligence

Atheism and intelligence

References

â The Human Body: God's Masterpiece
â ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Ciccarelli, Saundra K., and J. Noland White. Psychology. 3rd ed., Pearson, 2012.
â Bigler, E.D., Johnson, S.C., Anderson, C.V., Blatter, D.D., Gale, S.D., Russo, A.A., Ryser, D.K., Macnamara, S.E., Bailey, B.R., & Hopkins, R.O. (1996). Traumatic brain injury and memory: The role of the hippocampal atrophy. Neuropsychology, 10, 333-342.
â Cognitive control, American Psychological Association
â Cognitive control, Carter Lab at the University of California, Davis
â Great Ideas in Personality
â Neuroplasticity
â Neuroplasticity
â Can you change your personality?
â How to Become a New Person Through Neuroplasticity
â 9 Tips to improve your personality, Personality Labs website]
â Activities for personality development: 15 ways to grow by By Erin Eatough, PhD

Martin, JH (2003). Neuroanatomy text and atlas 3rd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kandel, ER; Schwartz JH, Jessell TM (2000). Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-8385-7701-6.

[1] â The Human Body: God's Masterpiece

[psy-2] â ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Ciccarelli, Saundra K., and J. Noland White. Psychology. 3rd ed., Pearson, 2012.

[3] â Bigler, E.D., Johnson, S.C., Anderson, C.V., Blatter, D.D., Gale, S.D., Russo, A.A., Ryser, D.K., Macnamara, S.E., Bailey, B.R., & Hopkins, R.O. (1996). Traumatic brain injury and memory: The role of the hippocampal atrophy. Neuropsychology, 10, 333-342.

[4] â Cognitive control, American Psychological Association

[5] â Cognitive control, Carter Lab at the University of California, Davis

[6] â Great Ideas in Personality

[7] â Neuroplasticity

[8] â Neuroplasticity

[9] â Can you change your personality?

[10] â How to Become a New Person Through Neuroplasticity

[11] â 9 Tips to improve your personality, Personality Labs website]

[12] â Activities for personality development: 15 ways to grow by By Erin Eatough, PhD

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Image:Cerebellum.png|right|thumb|200px|A human brain]]
+[[File:Cerebellum.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The human brain is the most complex physical entity in the universe.<ref>[http://creation.com/the-human-body-gods-masterpiece The Human Body: God's Masterpiece]</ref>]]
+The '''brain''' is a major part of the [[central nervous system]]. In vertebrates, the brain is connected to the [[spinal cord]]. In [[invertebrate]]s' [[nervous system]]s, the brain can be a decentralized collection of [[neurons]] or a single [[Ganglia|ganglion]]. In the [[vertebrate]]s, the brain is much more complex and is divided into three separate areas, the [[forebrain]], the [[midbrain]], and the hindbrain. The brain is involved in higher functioning such as decision-making, [[speech]], and processing of the [[senses]].
-The '''brain''' is a major part of the [[central nervous system]]. In vertebrates, the brain is connected to the [[spinal cord]]. In invertebrates' [[Nervous system | nervous systems]]s, the brain can be a decentralized collection of [[neurons]] or a single [[Ganglia | ganglion]]. In the [[vertebrate]]s, the brain is much more complex and is divided into three separate areas, the [[forebrain]], the [[midbrain]], and the [[hindbrain]]. The brain is involved in higher functioning such as decision-making, speech, and processing of the [[senses]].
 In adult humans, the brain weighs about 3 lbs., with 100 billion neurons, and up to 100 trillion connections.
-Investigations using new techniques such as [[fMRI]] are expanding knowledge on the relationship between the brain and behavior.
+Investigations using new techniques such as [[fMRI]] are expanding knowledge on the relationship between the brain and [[behavior]].
-==Free Will==
-Many [[liberal]] scientists believe that modern [[neuroscience]] is a subversion of [[free will]], and that the brain is all there is to personality. This is to the direct exclusion of the [[soul]] and [[God]]'s will. For instance, if someone was to commit a crime, that person could be exonerated on the basis of his neurological abnormalities, which are not his fault. [[Descartes]] attempted to avoid this issue by placing the soul at the helm of the individual, stating that it was our spirits that truly drive us. The soul attached to the brain via the [[pineal gland]], communicating with the corporeal matter by squeazing the central gland, and pumping cerebrospinal fluid through the body.  However, his [[atheism]] left no place for communion of the soul with God, and Descartes was also mistaken in the belief that only humans have pineal glands. Many conservative scientists are now taking into account the soul, when they factor in free will, which allows for much more variation among individuals.
-How to know if you are a extreme conservative:
+==Parts of the brain==
+===Medulla===
+The [[medulla]] is located near the top of the spinal column. It is the part of the hindbrain where nerves cross from one side of the body to the opposite side of the brain. It controls life-sustaining functions such as breathing, swallowing, and the beating of the heart. (Ciccarelli & White, 70)<ref name="psy">Ciccarelli, Saundra K., and J. Noland White. ''Psychology''. 3rd ed., Pearson, 2012.</ref>
+===Cerebellum===
+The [[cerebellum]] is located at the base of the skull. It is a part of the hindbrain that controls balance and maintains muscle coordination. It controls all involuntary motor movement, such as sitting upright. It also coordinates in voluntary movements that happen in rapid succession, such as walking, dancing, swimming, and even the movements of speech. Learned reflexes and skills are stored here, allowing them to be more automatic. (Ciccarelli & White, 70)<ref name="psy"></ref>
+===Thalamus===
+The thalamus is a part of the forebrain that relays information from sensory organs to the cerebral cortex. It is a round structure in the center of the brain. The thalamus performs some processing of sensory information before sending the it to its specific part of the cortex. (Ciccarelli & White, 71)<ref name="psy"></ref>
-• You gain all of your knowledge from this site, and seriously believe all of it.
+===Hypothalamus===
+The [[hypothalamus]] is a small structure located below the thalamus and above the [[pituitary gland]]. It is responsible for motivational behavior such as [[sleep]], [[hunger]], [[thirst]], and [[human reproduction|reproduction]]. It also regulates [[body]] [[temperature]], [[emotion]]s, and [[hormone]] regulation.
+===Hippocampus===
+The hippocampus is named as such due to the fact that it looks like a seahorse. The hippocampus forms long-term [[memory|memories]] that are stored elsewhere in the brain.<ref>Bigler, E.D., Johnson, S.C., Anderson, C.V., Blatter, D.D., Gale, S.D., Russo, A.A., Ryser, D.K., Macnamara, S.E., Bailey, B.R., & Hopkins, R.O. (1996). Traumatic brain injury and memory: The role of the hippocampal atrophy. ''Neuropsychology, 10,'' 333-342.</ref>
-• You don't think this site is close-minded, racial, unintelligent junk
+===Amygdala===
+The [[amygdala]] is located near the hippocampus. These two structures are responsible for [[fear]] responses and memory of fear.
+== Cognitive control ==
-• You're "Pro life" and support the Death Penalty.
+''See also:'' [[Cognitive control]] and [[Goal setting]]
-• You think cutting Education is better for America's children.
+[[Cognitive control]] is the set of processes that organize, plan, and schedule mental operations.<ref>[https://dictionary.apa.org/cognitive-control Cognitive control], American Psychological Association</ref>
-• You think everybody on welfare are lazy people who don't work.
+According to the Carter Lab at the University of California, Davis:
+{{Cquote|"Cognitive control" is a construct from contemporary cognitive neuroscience that refers to processes that allow information processing and behavior to vary adaptively from moment to moment depending on current [[Goal setting|goal]]s, rather than remaining rigid and inflexible. Cognitive control processes include a broad class of mental operations including goal or context representation and maintenance, and strategic processes such as attention allocation and stimulus-response mapping. Cognitive control is associated with a wide range of processes and is not restricted to a particular cognitive domain. For example, the presence of impairments in cognitive control functions may be associated with specific deficits in attention, memory, language comprehension and emotional processing. Given its pervasive influence, impaired cognitive control could account for many of the widespread impairments exhibited by people with schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders.<ref>[https://carterlab.ucdavis.edu/research/control.php Cognitive control],  Carter Lab at the University of California, Davis</ref>}}
-• You rant and rave about the evils of drugs... unless that drug happens to be tobacco.
+==Free Will==
+''See also:'' [[Atheism and free will]]
-• You adore employment ("Workfare")... but if a company owner downsizes thousands of jobs for money they don't need, that's okay because he should be able to make a profit no matter what.
+Many [[liberal]] scientists believe that modern [[neuroscience]] is a subversion of [[free will]], and that the brain is all there is to [[personality]]. This is to the direct exclusion of the [[soul]] and [[God]]'s will. For instance, if someone was to commit a crime, that person could be exonerated on the basis of his neurological abnormalities, which are not his fault. [[Descartes]] attempted to avoid this issue by placing the soul at the helm of the individual, stating that it was our spirits that truly drive us. The soul attached to the brain via the [[pineal gland]], communicating with the corporeal matter by squeezing the central gland, and pumping cerebrospinal fluid through the body.  However, his [[atheism]] left no place for communion of the soul with God, and Descartes was also mistaken in the belief that only humans have pineal glands. Many conservative scientists are now taking into account the soul, when they factor in free will, which allows for much more variation among individuals.
-• You feel, everyone was "created equal" unless that person is gay.
+== Neuroplasticity ==
+[[File:Big Five Model.jpg|600px|thumbnail|right|[[Big Five personality traits]] factor model]]
+''See also:'' [[Neuroplasticity]]
-• You find humor in saying "Algore" and "Klinton"
+[[Personality]] is the way [[people]] think, feel, and behave.<ref>[http://www.personalityresearch.org/ Great Ideas in Personality]</ref>
-• You think anything left of Richard Nixon is communism.
+According to the National Institute of Health, "[[Neuroplasticity]], also known as neural plasticity or brain plasticity, is a process that involves adaptive structural and functional changes to the brain."<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557811/#:~:text=Neuroplasticity%2C%20also%20known%20as%20neural,functional%20changes%20to%20the%20brain. Neuroplasticity]</ref>
-• You think Hillary Rhodam-Clinton is a flaming, anti-christ-like, communist wench. • You try to convince people God is a capitalist.
+An article on neuroplasticity further states:
+{{Cquote|Neuroplasticity is the brain’s capacity to continue growing and evolving in response to life experiences. Plasticity is the capacity to be shaped, molded, or altered; neuroplasticity, then, is the ability for the brain to adapt or change over time, by creating new neurons and building new networks.
-• You believe welfare money should not go to the poor but to rich people.
+Historically, scientists believed that the brain stopped growing after childhood. But current research shows that the brain is able to continue growing and changing throughout the lifespan, refining its architecture or shifting functions to different regions of the brain.
-• You think workers should be paid whatever their employers want. No matter what the situation. • You think the media is led by those "liberal" corporate owners.
+The importance of neuroplasticity can’t be overstated: It means that it is possible to change dysfunctional patterns of thinking and behaving and to develop new mindsets, new memories, new skills, and new abilities.<ref>[https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/neuroplasticity#:~:text=The%20importance%20of%20neuroplasticity%20can,new%20skills%2C%20and%20new%20abilities. Neuroplasticity]</ref>}}
-• You think everyone in America should be speaking English, like it or not.
+UC Davis researchers indicate:
+{{Cquote|It has long been believed that people can’t change their personalities, which are largely stable and inherited. But a review of recent research in personality science points to the possibility that personality traits can change through persistent intervention and major life events.
-• You love the Second amendment to death, but don't mind exceptions to the first and fourth amendment.
+Personality traits, identified as neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness, can predict a wide range of important outcomes such as health, happiness and income. Because of this, these traits might represent an important target for policy interventions designed to improve human welfare.
-• You endorse free speech/religion to further Christianity but ignore freedom from government enforced religion.
+The research, published in the [https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/amp0000503 December issue] of American Psychologist, is the product of the Personality Change Consortium, an international group of researchers committed to advancing understanding of personality change. The consortium was initiated by Wiebke Bleidorn and Christopher Hopwood, University of California, Davis, professors of psychology who are also co-authors of the latest paper, “The Policy Relevance of Personality Traits.” The paper has 13 other co-authors.<ref>[https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/can-you-change-your-personality#:~:text=It%20has%20long%20been%20believed,intervention%20and%20major%20life%20events. Can you change your personality?]</ref>}}
-• You scream about all that awful filth on television, then go wave a picture of an aborted fetus in front of a school or refer to the Starr Report constantly.
+The article ''How to Become a New Person Through Neuroplasticity'' states:
+{{Cquote| In ''Atomic Habits'', James Clear expands on this idea and suggests that changing your habits requires not only changing your thought patterns, but your underlying beliefs about yourself. If you want to change yourself to be more assertive, for example, but deep down you still believe you are a timid person, the changes you make toward being assertive will not last.)
-• You always blame all minority problems on the minority with the problem.
+According to Dispenza, when an emotion lasts more than a few hours, it becomes a mood. When it lasts more than a few days, it becomes a temperament. When it lasts years, it becomes a personality trait. Replacing a negative personality trait with a positive one, then, requires changing the emotions that eventually build to that trait.<ref>[https://www.shortform.com/blog/how-to-become-a-new-person/#:~:text=According%20to%20Joe%20Dispenza%2C%20our,thinking%2C%20feeling%2C%20and%20behavior. How to Become a New Person Through Neuroplasticity]</ref>}}
-• You are convinced Dan Quayle is a very intelligent person.
+Some of the key ways an individual can change their personality is through improving:<ref>[https://www.personalitieslab.com/articles/improve-personality 9 Tips to improve your personality], Personality Labs website]</ref><ref>[https://www.betterup.com/blog/activities-for-personality-development Activities for personality development: 15 ways to grow] by By Erin Eatough, PhD</ref>
+=== Neuroplasticity and the potential to change one's personality ===
-• You actually care whether or not Clinton "inhaled"
+See: [[Neuroplasticity and the ability of individuals to change their personality]]
-• You think women only support abortions for selfish reasons.
+== Human  consciousness and the existence of God ==
-• You Insist people pay horribly for tax increases, but turn a deaf ear to the people that get hurt from tax cuts. • You compare Al Gore to the unabomber .
+''See also:'' [[Atheism and irrationality]]
-• You think democrats are the only ones who are slippery when it comes to campaign money.
+*[http://www.johnpiippo.com/2012/03/argument-from-consciousness-for.html The Argument from Consciousness for the Existence of God] by John Piippo
+*[http://www.johnpiippo.com/2014/04/one-of-atheisms-irresolvable-problems.html Consciousness: One of Atheism's Irresolvable Problems] by John Piippo
+*[http://www.tomorrowsworld.org/magazines/2014/september-october/the-enigmatic-human-brain The enigmatic human brain]
+*[http://www.creationmoments.com/radio/transcripts/most-complex-structure The human brain: The most complex structure in the universe]
-• You think democrats are the only ones demonizing the opponent come election campaigns.
+== Atheism and the brain ==
-• You think that because liberals don't like war they hate the people fighting them. • You prefer to argue with labels instead of facts and ideas.
+*[[Atheism and the brain]]
-• You go ballistic whenever somebody uses the word "racist" in any context other than to describe affirmative action.
+=== Atheism and intelligence ===
-• You actually believe that there is no sexism in this country.
+*[[Atheism and intelligence]]
-• You hate hate hate hate HATE taxes, because it's really your money! Unless that tax money goes to military spending, or the drug war, or Deficit hawking, or corporate welfare, or huge prisons, or huge border patrols...
-• You pass judgment on people based on how many zeros they can put after a number one on a check. • You count your age from conception.
-• You think Rush Limbaugh is family entertainment.
-• You think G. Gordon Liddy is both sane and wise.
-• You think Ollie North is a true patriot.
-• You think Pat Robertson is a Saint
-• You think 700 Club is the best program to watch on television
-• And finally, you know you're a conservative if you don't get the point of this.
-How To Stop Being a Conservative
-Political beliefs and parties are oftentimes divided into two extreme groups: liberals and conservatives. Conservatives tend to have a bad reputation for wanting to keep the status quo and being against or resistant to change and reform. If you feel it’s time for a change with your own personal views because you don’t necessarily see things eye to eye with the existing governments, then feel free to do so.
-If you want to let go of your conservative beliefs, you can go about it slowly so that there change is gradual. Here are some tips on how to stop being a Conservative.
-•Review your political belief system. Before you decide to stop being a conservative, you need to think about the reason why. Are you simply changing to impress a person you are dating? Do you actually see that your former political belief system isn’t perfect and may be the cause of many problems? Sometimes, a change in belief may stem from being directly affected in a negative way by it. Analyze what works and what doesn’t and what aspects you need to work and improve on.
-•Allow that the other side may have a valid point. You’re not necessarily joining the enemy camp when you stop being a conservative. There is value in all things and groups, and you need to concede that the liberals may have some things right, just as your party may have some things wrong.
-•Start being more open to new ideas. Open your mind to other ways. Don’t be stuck in an existing way of doing things, simply because that’s how it’s always been done. There is nothing that is perfect, so everything can be subject to change and improvement.
-•Support a structure or group that advocates something you agree with. If you don’t necessarily want to support the entire liberal process, then at least select the ones or groups that you do agree with. For example, you may start supporting environmental causes. You may also start funding stem cell research groups or other organizations that you may not have believed in before.
-•Support educational reforms. Regardless of your political affiliation, you need to see that there needs to be improvements in the current education system as this has long term consequences on the nation. Support increased pay for teachers as well as other alternative approaches to education. Push for reforms in the tenure system so that bad teachers can be weeded out.
-•Register your change of party. When it’s time to register to vote, change your affiliation to Democrat or Liberal. If you don’t want to go that extreme, you can always choose to go Independent.
-Understand that just because you have stopped being a conservative, doesn’t mean that you have junked all the traditions and systems of the old system. Being a responsible and mature individual means being able to weigh things rationally and seeing the merit in all things. Things don’t have to be black and white for you. If you feel that there is still value in the conservative way, you don’t necessarily have to forgo it. Simply adapt what you think is best and don’t let labels determine who you are.
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
 * Martin, JH (2003). Neuroanatomy text and atlas 3rd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
 * Kandel, ER; Schwartz JH, Jessell TM (2000). Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-8385-7701-6.
+[[Category:Brain]]
 [[Category:Anatomy]]
 [[Category:Neuroscience]]
+[[Category:Nervous Systems]]