| − | '''Charles II''' - king of [[England]] and [[Scotland]] from 1649 to 1685 - was the oldest son of [[Charles I]]. He was born ion May 29, 1630. He instituted the Restoration of the monarchy in 1659 after the demise of [[Oliver Cromwell]] and established the rights of prisoners not to be held unless there was a good reason (the [[Habeas Corpus Act]]) in 1679. The first political parties, the [[Whigs]] and the [[Tories]], were formed during Charles's reign. | + | '''Charles II''' - king of [[England]] and [[Scotland]] from 1649 to 1685 - was the oldest son of [[Charles I]]. He was born on May 29, 1630. He instituted the [[English Restoration|Restoration]] of the monarchy in 1659 after the demise of [[Oliver Cromwell]] and established the rights of prisoners not to be held unless there was a good reason (the [[Habeas Corpus Act]]) in 1679. The first political parties, the [[Whigs]] and the [[Tories]], were formed during Charles' reign. |