Difference between revisions of "History of NATO"

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In 2006, Ivo H. Daalder, the current President of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs and previously the U.S. Permanent Representative on the Council of NATO (2009-2013), published with co-author James Goldgeier a proposal for a "Global NATO" in the [[globalist]] magazine ''Foreign Affairs''.
 
In 2006, Ivo H. Daalder, the current President of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs and previously the U.S. Permanent Representative on the Council of NATO (2009-2013), published with co-author James Goldgeier a proposal for a "Global NATO" in the [[globalist]] magazine ''Foreign Affairs''.
 
===NATO Members===
 
[[File:Nato spending 2021.jpg|right|300px|thumb|NATO spending in 2018.]]
 
[[Austria]] is a [[Europe]]an country that never joined NATO.<ref>https://www.catholicculture.org/commentary/ukraine-2022-fatima-austrias-neutrality-prayer-and-fasting/</ref>  Under the Austrian State Treaty (May 15, 1955), the [[Soviet Union]] withdrew its troops under the promise that Austria would declare its neutrality and remain a buffer between [[Western Europe]] and [[Eastern Europe]].<ref>https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/lw/107185.htm</ref>  This was the only treaty signed by both the Soviet Union and [[United States]] in the entire decade following the 1947 Paris Peace Treaties.
 
 
Nearly all of the remainder of [[Western Europe]] has joined NATO, with the additional exceptions (among large countries) of [[Switzerland]], [[Ireland]], [[Sweden]], and [[Finland]], though, following the Russian Federation's Special Operation in Ukraine, the latter two are reconsidering. Ireland belongs to the [[EU Battle group]] and has participated with some  NATO led missions under a UN mandate. Support for joining Nato has increased recently in the Republic of Ireland
 
 
[[File:Cost per death.png|right|300px|thumb|‘Value for Money’: How to kill 625,000 people for just $0.29 cost per death.]]
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
! NATO Member
 
! NATO Summit
 
! Expansion Year
 
|-
 
| [[Belgium]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
| [[Canada]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
| [[Denmark]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
| [[France]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
| [[Iceland]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Italy]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
| [[Luxembourg]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Netherlands]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
| [[Norway]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
| [[Portugal]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
| [[United Kingdom]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[United States]]
 
| Founder
 
| Original Member, 1949
 
|-
 
| [[Greece]]
 
|
 
| First Round, 1952
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Turkey]]
 
|
 
| First Round, 1952
 
|-
 
| [[Germany]]
 
|
 
| Second Round, 1955
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Spain]]
 
|
 
| Third Round, 1982
 
|-Bonn,Germany
 
| [[Czech Republic]]
 
| [[Washington, D.C.]]
 
| Fourth Round, 1999
 
|-
 
| [[Hungary]]
 
| [[Washington, D.C.]]
 
|Fourth Round, 1999
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Poland]]
 
| [[Washington, D.C.]]
 
| Fourth Round, 1999
 
|-
 
| [[Bulgaria]]
 
| Washington, D.C.
 
| Fifth Round, 2004
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Estonia]]
 
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]
 
|Fifth Round, 2004 
 
|-
 
| [[Latvia]]
 
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]
 
| Fifth Round, 2004
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Lithuania]]
 
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]
 
| Fifth Round, 2004
 
|-
 
| [[Romania]]
 
| Istanbul, Turkey
 
| Fifth Round, 2004
 
|-
 
| [[Slovakia]]
 
| Istanbul, Turkey
 
| Fifth Round, 2004
 
|-
 
| [[Slovenia]]
 
| Istanbul, Turkey
 
| Fifth Round, 2004
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[Albania]]
 
| [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]]
 
| Sixth Round, 2008
 
|-
 
| [[Croatia]]
 
| [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]]
 
| Sixth Round, 2008
 
|-
 
| [[Montenegro]]
 
|
 
| Seventh Round, 2017
 
|-
 
|}
 
  
 
===Early personnel===
 
===Early personnel===

Revision as of 21:34, April 20, 2024

{left} Chief of the General Staff of the German Army Gen. Adolf Heusinger (1944); (right) Heusinger as Chairman of the NATO Military Committee (1961-1964).

NATO was created at the behest of the United Kingdom to bypass deeply rooted American anti-interventionist sentiment to enter war without an Act of Congress, under the guise of "an attack against one is an attack against all." The UK had to wait 3 years during World War I and two years during World War II for the United States to bail the British Empire out of its war with Germany.

Specifically, NATO was created in 1947 allegedly to contain the expansion of single party leftwing Soviet Communism. But since the collapse of communism in Russia, NATO is globalization without a valid purpose.[1] Unlike Germany which gained entrance two years after its founding, increasingly conservative Russia has been systematically denied membership in all European collective security arrangements.

Origins and mission creep

Furthest Nazi expansion.jpg NATO 32 Members.png

(left) Furthest expansion of the Third Reich, 1942;[2] (right) furthest expansion of NATO, 2024.

NATO originally was not part of President Franklin Roosevelt's 'Grand Design' for the post-World War II era, which included the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund. Roosevelt's original intention was to institutionalize the military alliance of the Big Three - the United States, the British Empire, and Russia - to keep the peace after the defeat of the Axis Powers. The failure of Soviet-communist occupied countries to adhere to the right of self-determination and hold elections caused the Angelo-American alliance to dust off the 1941 Atlantic Charter and formalize it into a treaty organization. By 1950, the United Nations was at war with itself, where the UN Security Council voted to send "UN troops" to combat the Soviet-backed North Korean regime, a Resolution the Soviet Union could have easily vetoed.

The NATO alliance is in no way a military adjunct arm of the UN Security Council, which progressives in government and fake news media attempted to create the illusion during the Obama administration's Libyan War. NATO was created to defend Europe, not to wage offensive war in Africa.

‘Value for Money’: How to kill 625,000 people for just $0.29 cost per death.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established after the failure of the United Nations Organization to bring about democratic elections and "self determination of peoples" in Eastern Europe shortly after World War II in 1949. The original members consisted of ten European countries, the United States, and Canada. These countries formed the alliance to further the goal of security in the North Atlantic region, and they did this by ingraining the principal that an attack against one member would be considered an attack against all. Therefore, all would respond with support to the attacked nation. The first secretary-general of NATO, Lord Ismay, once quipped, NATO's purpose in Europe was “to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down."

NATO was created to short-circuit the delays the United States endured from domestic non-interventionists in entering two world wars on behalf of Great Britain. Should Britain perceive an attack again in the future, either from Germany or the Soviet Union, America would immediately be involved without any Congressional debate, lengthy extensive propaganda war, and public opinion polling. This is where the concept of "an attack against one is an attack against all" originated. The American people's elected representatives, the United States Congress, which hitherto had sole responsibility to declare war, could effectively be cut out. If a minor ally staged a false flag attack on itself and blamed others, the United States was committed to wage offensive war in defense of its ally. Some critics quipped it effectively made Great Britain the 51st state.

In 1952 NATO began its first round of enlargement of the early alliance's history, letting in Greece and Turkey. By 1968, those two members were at war with each other.

In 1982 the Falklands War presented a special problem for NATO. When the United Kingdom perceived an attack against the Falkland Islands, it did not invoke Article 5. The Falkland Islands fell under the rubric of the Monroe Doctrine and other defensive alliances the United States has through the Organization of American States. Argentina claimed the Falklands as their own, and the United Kingdom sent an invasion fleet to "liberate" the English-speaking colony.

In 2006, Ivo H. Daalder, the current President of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs and previously the U.S. Permanent Representative on the Council of NATO (2009-2013), published with co-author James Goldgeier a proposal for a "Global NATO" in the globalist magazine Foreign Affairs.

Early personnel

Adolf Heusinger served as perations Chief within the general staff of the High Command of the German Army in the Wehrmacht from 1940-1944. Heusinger helped plan the invasions of Poland, Norway, Denmark, and France. He was promoted to colonel on August 1, 1940 and became chief of the Operationsabteilung in October 1940, making him number three in the Army planning hierarchy. Heusinger was accused of involvement in Operation Valkyrie, the July 20, 1944 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler, but his loyalties were found beyond reproach and he was cleared by the Nazi People's Court. After the war he was allowed to take over the newly established West German army, the “Bundeswehr”. In 1961, Heusinger was made the Chairman of the NATO Military Committee (essentially he was NATO’s chief of staff). He served in that capacity until 1964.

General Hans Speidel was Erwin Rommel’s chief of staff during WWII. After the war he served in the West German army and became the Supreme Commander of NATO’s ground forces in Central Europe from 1957-1963.

Johannes Steinhoff, Luftwaffe fighter pilot during WWII and recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron across, was Chairman of the NATO Military Committee 1971–1974 (among other NATO positions beforehand).

Johann von Kielmansegg, General Staff officer to the High Command of the Wehrmacht 1942-1944, was NATO’s Commander in Chief of Allied Forces Central Europe 1967-1968.

Ernst Ferber, a Major in the Wehrmacht and group leader of the organizational department of the Supreme Command of the Army (Wehrmacht) from 1943-1945 and recipient of the Iron Cross 1st Class, was NATO’s Commander in Chief of Allied Forces Central Europe from 1973-1975.

Karl Schnell, battery chief in the Western campaign in 1940/later First General Staff Officer of the LXXVI Panzer Corps in 1944 and recipient of the Iron Cross 2nd Class, was NATO’s Commander in Chief of Allied Forces Central Europe from 1975-1977.

Franz Joseph Schulze, a Lieutenant in the reserve and Chief of the 3rd Battery of the Flak Storm Regiment 241 and recipient of the Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross in 1944, was NATO’s Commander in Chief of Allied Forces Central Europe from 1977-1979.

Ferdinand von Senger und Etterlin; Lieutenant of 24th Panzer Division in the German 6th Army, participant in the Battle of Stalingrad, adjutant to Army High Command, and recipient of the German Cross in gold, was NATO’s Commander in Chief of Allied Forces Central Europe 1979-1983.

Leftist rebranding

Former Uk diplomat Alastair Crooke described NATO's leftist rebranding after the collapse of leftism in the Soviet Union:

Growth of Western fascism.
"The old NATO, which Leftists once had hated as a reactionary carbuncle, the Left had now come to see as having new evangelical meaning; no longer reactionary, but now revolutionary. Its new ‘revolutionary’ objective being to hasten the advent of a social revolution whose cultural sub-strata is the promulgation of the Woke tenets: Diversity, Pride, Trans rights, and the redress of historic discrimination and wrongs.

The new NATO, inclusive and politically correct, is seen by European Leftists as the tool by which to sweep aside obstacles to the EU agenda, as well. These ‘switched shirts’ hold that the struggle for this ‘Cultural Order’ is incessant, totalising, and all-encompassing."[3]

The US empire

The United States spends about 7 to 8 times the military budgets of the 7 biggest militaries of the world combined[4]

On Dec. 5, 2019, the pro-NATO and pro-Ukraine New York Times published in an opinion piece:

With the conclusion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s 70th anniversary summit in London, it’s fair to say that Donald Trump thinks that most alliance members, starting with France and Canada, are a bunch of ungrateful and unhelpful freeloaders...

In 2011, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates warned of a “dim if not dismal future” for the alliance if states such as Germany continued to underspend on defense. Nearly eight years later, a German parliamentary report found that fewer than half of the country’s fighter jets, and not one of its six submarines, were combat worthy. The German defense minister recently announced that she does plan to meet NATO targets on military spending, but not until 2031.

Most other NATO members are no better. Canada, for instance, spends just 1.27 percent of its gross domestic product on defense (the NATO target is 2 percent) and cannot meet its obligations to defend North America’s airspace. When Justin Trudeau was overheard at the summit belittling Trump for taking too long with his press conference, the Canadian prime minister sounded to many Americans like a child whining that a working parent had kept him waiting for supper.

All of this means that when Macron and other European leaders muse about creating an autonomous European defense force, they are, as one seasoned Parisian observer put it to me, “playing with cards they don’t have.” Even sizable increases in defense spending wouldn’t fill the gap that an American departure from Europe would leave: Roughly half of European defense spending goes to salaries and pensions, not warfighting capacity.[5]

The UK's House of Parliament, House of Commons Library published a resource on August 11, 2022, which states:

NATO was formed in 1949 with the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington. Its purpose was to ensure the collective security of its member states and to counter the perceived security threat from the then Soviet Union.

At the heart of the North Atlantic Treaty is Article 5, which states that an attack against one member state shall be considered as an attack against them all.

Article 5 does not necessarily commit an ally to military action in the event of an attack. Instead, it requires members to assist the party or parties attacked with “such action it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area”.

Given Article 5’s obligation, member states are advised to maintain adequate defence spending levels, so they have the capacity to act if necessary. This sentiment is formally reflected in the target for NATO members to spend at least 2% of their country’s GDP on defence, set at the 2006 Riga Summit...

Despite all NATO members agreeing to the 2% guideline, few countries have adhered to it.

Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 drew attention to the declining defence budgets of most NATO members. At the NATO Summit in Wales that year, member states agreed to reverse the trend and aim to spend 2% of GDP on defence by 2024.

Between 2014 and 2022, defence expenditure by NATO members is expected to rise by $140 billion (15%). However, while the number of countries meeting the 2% target has increased over this period, most are still falling short.

...only nine out of 30 member states are expected to meet the 2% spending target in 2022, up from three members in 2014...

Prior to Russia’s invasion, the UK was already meeting the 2% spending target. In 2022 it is expected to spend 2.1% of GDP on defence. This is down from 2.3% in 2020.[6]


Soviet reaction

The Angelo-American alliance acceptance of continental European countries led Soviet Russia in 1955 to set up a counter organization, The Warsaw Treaty Organization (or Warsaw Pact). Common defense, the ongoing MAD strategy, and economic crisis led the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact to its demise. NATO's transatlantic relations were key to the end of the Cold War I. The interlinking of United States and the European Union, a CIA project begun after World War II, remains to this day.

References