Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr.
| Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Former U.S. Senator from Massachusetts From: March 4, 1893 – November 9, 1924 | |||
| Predecessor | Henry L. Dawes | ||
| Successor | William M. Butler | ||
| Former U.S. Representative from Massachusetts's 6th Congressional District From: March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1893 | |||
| Predecessor | Henry B. Lovering | ||
| Successor | William Cogswell | ||
| Former State Representative from Massachusetts's 10th District From: January 7, 1880 – January 3, 1882 | |||
| Predecessor | Daniel R. Pinkham William Lyon | ||
| Successor | John Marlor | ||
| Information | |||
| Party | Republican | ||
| Spouse(s) | Anna Cabot Mills Davis | ||
Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was a famed American Republican Senator. He served three terms in the House of Representatives before 1893, when the Massachusetts legislature elected him to the Senate. Three years later, he was appointed to the Foreign Relations Committee, in which capacity he was the nemesis of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson over Article X of the League of Nations. Lodge also authored many books.
His grandson[1] Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., Richard Nixon's running-mate in the 1960 presidential election, was also a former senator from Massachusetts. As the U.S. Ambassador to the former South Vietnam, he helped to overthrow by assassination South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem. Thereafter, the government of South Vietnam fell into disarray and prompted U.S. intervention in the Vietnam War, which concluded in 1973 far short of success.
Contents
Early life and career
Lodge was born in Beverly, Massachusetts to Anna Cabot and John Ellerton Lodge, both of whom were from wealthy families.[2] He attended Harvard University, where he got a Ph.D. degree.[3] In his early career, Lodge edited the International Review journal.
Political career
Lodge supported the candidacy of liberal Republican James G. Blaine in the 1884 presidential election. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1886[4] from Massachusetts' 6th congressional district and re-elected twice.[5][6]
U.S. Senate
In 1893, the Massachusetts legislature voted for Lodge to become the U.S. senator from the state's Class I seat to succeed Henry Dawes, a leader of the congressional Half-Breeds faction.[7][note 1]
He sponsored the Lodge Bill of 1890, an attempt to enforce African-American voting rights. It passed the House and tied in the Senate, but Vice President Levi P. Morton refused to fight for invoking cloture against a Democrat filibuster as Silver Republicans, who later formed the Silver Republican Party, traded it away for Democrat support of passing the Sherman Silver Purchase Act.[8]
Lodge mostly focused on foreign policy throughout his long Senate tenure and less on domestic issues.[3] He was a friend of U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt though generally sided with the conservative wing of the party over the Republican progressives at the time.[9]
After Republican U.S. senator Shelby M. Cullom of Illinois left office, Lodge was promoted to become the ranking member on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.[3] He sharply broke with the administration of Democrat president Woodrow Wilson, including over the U.S. handling of the Mexican Revolution. Lodge accused Wilson of denigrating foreign policy in 1916 amidst World War I.
Notes
- ↑ Prior to the 17th Amendment, U.S. senators were picked by the state legislatures rather than elected via statewide popular vote.
References
- ↑ Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.: The Modern Republican Who Helped Make Two Presidents. fasincatingpolitics.com. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
- ↑ The Idea of the Senate. United States Senate. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 U.S. Senate: Senate Leaders. United States Senate.
- ↑ MA District 6 Race - Nov 02, 1886. Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
- ↑ MA District 6 Race - Nov 06, 1888. Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
- ↑ MA District 6 Race - Nov 04, 1890. Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
- ↑ MA US Senate Race - Jan 17, 1893. Our Campaigns. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
- ↑ About the Vice President | Levi Parsons Morton, 22nd Vice President (1889-1893). United States Senate. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
- ↑ O'Neill, Jonathan (February 15, 2013). Constitutional Conservatives in the Progressive Era: Elihu Root, William Howard Taft, and Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr.. Heritage Foundation. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
