Difference between revisions of "Windows (operating system)"
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| − | | Windows CE Birch<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 2.0 || November 1997<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || | + | | Windows CE Birch<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 2.0 || November 1997<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || Auto PC platform introduced<ref>[http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1224527 Auto PC: Windows CE hits the road, EETimes, July 14, 1999]</ref> || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| '''[[Windows 98]]''' || NT 4.1.1998 || June 25, 1998 || Uses the same skin as 95, 2000, and ME || || 16MB || 500MB | | '''[[Windows 98]]''' || NT 4.1.1998 || June 25, 1998 || Uses the same skin as 95, 2000, and ME || || 16MB || 500MB | ||
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| '''Windows 98 Second Edition''' || NT 4.1.2222 || April 23, 1999 || Uses the same skin as 95, 2000, and ME || || || | | '''Windows 98 Second Edition''' || NT 4.1.2222 || April 23, 1999 || Uses the same skin as 95, 2000, and ME || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Windows CE 2.1 || || | + | | Windows CE 2.1 || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Windows CE Cedar || CE 3.0 || April 2000 || | + | | Windows CE Cedar || CE 3.0 || April 2000 || Windows CE for Automotive || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| '''Windows ME''' || NT 4.90.3000 || September 14, 2000 || | | '''Windows ME''' || NT 4.90.3000 || September 14, 2000 || | ||
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| Windows CE Talisker<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 4.0 || January 7, 2002 || || || || | | Windows CE Talisker<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 4.0 || January 7, 2002 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Windows CE Jameson<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 4.1 || June 2002<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || || || || | + | | Windows CE Jameson<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 4.1 || June 2002<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || Windows Automotive || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Windows CE McKendric<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 4.2 || April 2003<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || | + | | Windows CE McKendric<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 4.2 || April 2003<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || Windows Automotive 4.2 || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| ''Windows Server 2003'' || NT 5.2 || 2003 || || || || | | ''Windows Server 2003'' || NT 5.2 || 2003 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Windows CE Macallan<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 5.0 || August 2004<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || | + | | Windows CE Macallan<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 5.0 || August 2004<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || Windows Automotive 5.0 || || 6MB<ref>https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms927515.aspx</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
| ''Windows Server 2003 R2'' || || 2006 || || || || | | ''Windows Server 2003 R2'' || || 2006 || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Windows CE Yamazaki<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 6.0 || September 2006<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || | + | | Windows CE Yamazaki<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || CE 6.0 || September 2006<ref name="ce6.0">https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki</ref> || Microsoft Auto 3.0 || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| '''[[Windows Vista]]''' || NT 6.0.6000 || January 30, 2007 || System uses new layout, but started out with some problems || | | '''[[Windows Vista]]''' || NT 6.0.6000 || January 30, 2007 || System uses new layout, but started out with some problems || | ||
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| ''Windows Server 2008'' || || 2008 || || || 512 MB || Foundation: 10GB,<br /> other x32/86: 20GB,<br /> other x64: 32GB | | ''Windows Server 2008'' || || 2008 || || || 512 MB || Foundation: 10GB,<br /> other x32/86: 20GB,<br /> other x64: 32GB | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | '''[[Windows 7]]''' || NT 6.1.7600 || October 22, 2009 || Uses the same basic layout as [[Windows Vista|Vista]], but system is more stable || | + | | '''[[Windows 7]]''' || NT 6.1.7600 || October 22, 2009 || Uses the same basic layout as [[Windows Vista|Vista]], but system is more stable|| |
* Starter | * Starter | ||
* Home Basic | * Home Basic | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| ''Windows Server 2008 R2'' || || 2010 || || || 512 MB || Foundation: 10GB, <br />others: 32GB | | ''Windows Server 2008 R2'' || || 2010 || || || 512 MB || Foundation: 10GB, <br />others: 32GB | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | ''Windows Embedded Compact 7 || CE 6.0 R3 || 2011 || Windows Embedded Automotive 7 || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Windows Server 2012'' || NT 6.2 || 2012 || || | | ''Windows Server 2012'' || NT 6.2 || 2012 || || | ||
Revision as of 23:13, April 21, 2016
| ! | Apologies This page is undergoing massive reconstruction. You can help, if you have specialized knowledge of the subject matter. Please discuss modifications on the Talk Page. |
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Windows is a series of operating systems produced and maintained by the Microsoft Corporation. It was estimated that as of December 2007[1] Microsoft Windows accounted for nearly 90% of operating system usage, with 3 out of 4 being Windows XP. Windows is used for desktop, and server computers,[2] and more recently also for cellular phones and tablet computers. It is intended for use with the Intel x86-64 family of processors.
Early versions of Windows (98 and earlier) were notoriously unreliable, despite (or maybe because of?) Microsoft's near-monopoly share of the operating system market. They crashed so often that the term "blue screen of death" entered the vocabulary. See also this satire: Matrix Runs on Windows XP
Initially Windows was a text-based system (MS-DOS). Then a graphical user interface extension was added onto this MS-DOS core[3] It became a full GUI operating system free of the MS-DOS core beginning with the release of Windows NT.
Windows Major Release Versions
| Name | Version Number | Public Release | Notes | Editions | Minimum RAM required | Minimum drive space | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Windows 1.0 | 1.0 | November 20, 1985[4] | |||||
| Windows 1.02 | 1.02 | May 1986 | Multilingual (international) release of 1.0 | ||||
| Windows 1.03 | 1.03 | August 1986 | Further upgrades for international use, including more drivers and European keyboard support | ||||
| Windows 1.04 | 1.04 | April 1987 | Further functionality additions, including support for IBM PS/2 computers | ||||
| Windows 2.0 | 2.11 | March 13, 1989 | Last Windows version to run a GUI as a shell over a base of MS-DOS[5] | ||||
| Windows 3.0 | NT 3.0 | May 22, 1990 | First Windows version to run without an MS-DOS base[5] | ||||
| Windows 3.1 | 3.1 | April 1992 |
|
||||
| Windows 3.2 | November 22, 1993 | Chinese version of Windows 3.1 | |||||
| Windows NT 3.5 | 3.5.807 | September 21, 1994 |
|
||||
| Windows NT 3.51 | 3.51.1057 | May 30, 1995 |
|
|
|||
| Windows 95 | NT 4.0.950 | August 24, 1995 | Uses the same skin as 98, 2000, and ME | 4MB[6] | 40.8-76.2MB[7] | ||
| Windows CE Alder[8] | CE 1.0 | November 16, 1996[8] | 2MB | ||||
| Windows NT 4.0 | NT 4.0 | July 29, 1996 |
|
||||
| Windows CE Birch[8] | CE 2.0 | November 1997[8] | Auto PC platform introduced[9] | ||||
| Windows 98 | NT 4.1.1998 | June 25, 1998 | Uses the same skin as 95, 2000, and ME | 16MB | 500MB | ||
| Windows 98 Second Edition | NT 4.1.2222 | April 23, 1999 | Uses the same skin as 95, 2000, and ME | ||||
| Windows CE 2.1 | |||||||
| Windows CE Cedar | CE 3.0 | April 2000 | Windows CE for Automotive | ||||
| Windows ME | NT 4.90.3000 | September 14, 2000 |
|
||||
| Windows 2000 | NT 5.0.2195 | February 17, 2000 |
|
Professional: 650MB | |||
| Windows XP | 5.1.2600 | October 25, 2001 |
|
|
x32/x86: 64MB[11] x64: 256MB |
1.5GB | |
| Windows CE Talisker[8] | CE 4.0 | January 7, 2002 | |||||
| Windows CE Jameson[8] | CE 4.1 | June 2002[8] | Windows Automotive | ||||
| Windows CE McKendric[8] | CE 4.2 | April 2003[8] | Windows Automotive 4.2 | ||||
| Windows Server 2003 | NT 5.2 | 2003 | |||||
| Windows CE Macallan[8] | CE 5.0 | August 2004[8] | Windows Automotive 5.0 | 6MB[12] | |||
| Windows Server 2003 R2 | 2006 | ||||||
| Windows CE Yamazaki[8] | CE 6.0 | September 2006[8] | Microsoft Auto 3.0 | ||||
| Windows Vista | NT 6.0.6000 | January 30, 2007 | System uses new layout, but started out with some problems |
|
Home Basic: 512MB, All Others: 1GB[13] |
20GB | |
| Windows Server 2008 | 2008 | 512 MB | Foundation: 10GB, other x32/86: 20GB, other x64: 32GB | ||||
| Windows 7 | NT 6.1.7600 | October 22, 2009 | Uses the same basic layout as Vista, but system is more stable |
|
x32/x86: 1GB, x64: 2GB[11] | x32/x86: 16GB, x64: 20GB | |
| Windows Server 2008 R2 | 2010 | 512 MB | Foundation: 10GB, others: 32GB | ||||
| Windows Embedded Compact 7 | CE 6.0 R3 | 2011 | Windows Embedded Automotive 7 | ||||
| Windows Server 2012 | NT 6.2 | 2012 |
|
512MB | 32GB | ||
| Windows 8 | NT 6.2 | October 26, 2012 |
|
|
x32/x86: 1GB, x64: 2GB[14] |
x32/x86: 16GB, x64: 20GB | |
| Windows RT | NT 6.3 | October 30, 2012 |
|
|
32-Bit: 2GB [14] | 32-Bit: 20GB, 32GB | |
| Windows Server 2012 R2 | NT 6.3 | 2013 |
|
512MB | 32GB | ||
| Windows 8.1 | NT 6.3 | October 17, 2013 | Slight update from 8.0 which brings back the Start button |
|
x32/x86: 1GB, x64: 2GB[14] |
||
| Windows 10 | NT 6.4[15] | July 29, 2015 | Designed to collect personal information and customize itself based on preferences |
|
x32/x86: 1GB, x64: 2GB[16] |
x32/x86: 16GB, x64: 20GB[17][18] | |
| Windows Server 2016 | 2016 | ||||||
| Name | Version Number | Public Release | Notes | Editions | Minimum RAM required | Minimum drive space |
(Some popular NT releases are listed in bold and special server releases are listed in italic.) [19][20][21][22]
See also
- What happened to Windows 9?
- Linux
- Tails Secure Anonymous Operating System
- Mac OS and iOS
- Unix
- Android
References
- ↑ OS Statistics. Refsnes Data. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.
- ↑ Windows Server 2003 R2 Home. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.
- ↑ Windows History: Windows Desktop Timeline. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved 29 January, 2008.
- ↑ http://www.networkworld.com/article/2193906/windows/windows-1-0-turning-25--first-experiences-recalled.html
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 http://www.howtogeek.com/132488/does-windows-still-rely-on-ms-dos
- ↑ https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/138349
- ↑ https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/138349
- ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/mikehall/2006/09/20/ce-6-0-why-the-codename-yamazaki
- ↑ Auto PC: Windows CE hits the road, EETimes, July 14, 1999
- ↑ http://windowsitpro.com/windows/windows-2000-hardware-requirements
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_xp-windows_install/how-much-ram-is-required-by-windows-xp-to-operate/6e341e7e-4656-4bcb-94e8-d7efc35d3b56?auth=1
- ↑ https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms927515.aspx
- ↑ http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/how-much-ram-do-i-need-721332
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-8/system-requirements Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "windows.microsoft.com" defined multiple times with different content Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name "windows.microsoft.com" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ http://windowsitpro.com/windows-10/windows-10s-inventoried-version-number
- ↑ http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_10-win_upgrade/how-much-ram-will-windows-10-use/769c6a0e-82de-4254-ae65-59a84c6a5886
- ↑ https://www.thurrott.com/windows/windows-10/2257/windows-10-minimum-hardware-requirements-for-pc
- ↑ https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/dn915086%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
- ↑ http://www.nextofwindows.com/a-list-of-windows-operating-system-version-number
- ↑ http://www.computerhope.com/whow.htm
- ↑ http://www.carrona.org/winreldt.html#31
- ↑ http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/history#T1=era0