Imposter syndrome

A Venn diagram showing the relationship between self-concept, self-efficacy, and self-esteem.

Impostor syndrome, "also known as the impostor phenomenon, is a psychological pattern where individuals doubt their accomplishments and have a persistent fear of being exposed as a fraud, despite evidence of their competence. It's not a formal diagnosis, but a common experience, especially among high-achievers, where success is often attributed to external factors like luck rather than their own abilities."

"The Jonah Complex and Imposter Syndrome, while both related to self-doubt and potential limitations, differ in their core focus. The Jonah Complex, stemming from the biblical story, is a fear of one's own potential and the responsibilities that come with it. Imposter Syndrome, on the other hand, is the persistent feeling of being a fraud despite evidence of one's competence. Essentially, the Jonah Complex is about avoiding success and growth, while Imposter Syndrome is about doubting the legitimacy of one's achievements." - Jonah complex vs. imposter syndrome

Types of imposter syndrome

Common refrain relating to perfectionism

See also: Perfectionism and Self-efficacy and Confidence and Intelligence and Mentor

According to researcher Dr. Valerie Young, there are five impostor syndrome types:

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The Perfectionist. This type of imposter syndrome involves believing that, unless you were absolutely perfect, you could have done better. You feel like an imposter because your perfectionistic traits make you believe that you're not as good as others might think you are. The Expert. The expert feels like an imposter because they don't know everything there is to know about a particular subject or topic, or they haven't mastered every step in a process. Because there is more for them to learn, they don't feel as if they've reached the rank of "expert." The Natural Genius. In this imposter syndrome type, you may feel like a fraud simply because you don't believe that you are naturally intelligent or competent. If you don't get something right the first time around or it takes you longer to master a skill, you feel like an imposter. The Soloist. It's also possible to feel like an imposter if you had to ask for help to reach a certain level or status. Since you couldn't get there on your own, you question your competence or abilities. The Superperson. This type of imposter syndrome involves believing that you must be the hardest worker or reach the highest levels of achievement possible and, if you don't, you are a fraud.

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Growth mindset vs. imposter syndrome

See also: Growth mindset and Growth mindset vs. a fixed mindset

"A growth mindset can be a powerful tool in combating imposter syndrome. Imposter syndrome, characterized by persistent self-doubt and fear of being exposed as a fraud, can be alleviated by adopting a mindset that embraces learning and development." - [growth mindset vs. imposter syndrome

Journal articles

• Imposter Phenomenon, StatPearls

External links

• Is Impostor Syndrome Holding You Back From Living Your Best Life? by Arlin Cuncic, MA
• Impostor Syndrome, The Decision Lab

See also

• Self-efficacy
• Confidence
• Locus of control
• Achievement orientation
• Interpersonal skills