Difference between revisions of "Political polarization"
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| + | [[File:Republican elephant vs. Democrat donkey.png|thumbnail|300px|right|In the United States, political polarization often revolves around [[Republican Party]] vs. [[Democratic Party]] politics.<ref>DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany (1 November 1996). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022840/http://educ.jmu.edu/~brysonbp/pubs/PBJ.pdf Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?]" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 102 (3): 690–755. doi:10.1086/230995. S2CID 144020785.</ref> | ||
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In a two party political system, '''political polarization''' is "the division of a country’s entire population into two diametrically opposed political camps."<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-polarization Political polarization - Britannica]</ref> In two party systems of political governance, political division is primarily driven by binary political ideologies and partisan political identities.<ref>DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany (1 November 1996). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022840/http://educ.jmu.edu/~brysonbp/pubs/PBJ.pdf Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?]" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 102 (3): 690–755. doi:10.1086/230995. S2CID 144020785.</ref> | In a two party political system, '''political polarization''' is "the division of a country’s entire population into two diametrically opposed political camps."<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-polarization Political polarization - Britannica]</ref> In two party systems of political governance, political division is primarily driven by binary political ideologies and partisan political identities.<ref>DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany (1 November 1996). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022840/http://educ.jmu.edu/~brysonbp/pubs/PBJ.pdf Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?]" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 102 (3): 690–755. doi:10.1086/230995. S2CID 144020785.</ref> | ||
| − | However, some [[Political science|political scientists]] maintain that political division is mainly driven by other political dichotomies other than two party politics or [[right-wing]] vs. [[leftism]] such as [[religion|religious]] vs. [[Secular|irreligious/nonreligious]], [[nationalism]] vs. [[globalism]], | + | However, some [[Political science|political scientists]] maintain that political division is mainly driven by other political dichotomies other than two party politics or [[right-wing]] vs. [[leftism]] such as [[religion|religious]] vs. [[Secular|irreligious/nonreligious]], [[nationalism]] vs. [[globalism]], [[traditional]]ism against [[modernism]], or rural against urban.<ref>Chinn, Sedona; Hart, P. Sol; Soroka, Stuart (February 2020). "[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764218759576 Politicization and Polarization in Climate Change News Content], 1985-2017". Science Communication. 42 (1): 119–125. doi:10.1177/1075547019900290. S2CID 212781410.</ref> |
| − | [[ | + | [[Parliament|Parliamentary]] systems of government can also have political polarization such as [[Euroskepticism]] vs. pro-[[European Union]] (See also: [[Brexit]]).<ref>Mann, Thomas E.; Ornstein, Norman J. (2012). It's Even Worse Than It Looks: How the American constitutional system collided with the new politics of extremism. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465031337.</ref> In [[Germany]], the [[Green Party]] of Germany, which promotes [[environmentalism]], has a significant amount of political influence due to their coalition with the [[Social Democratic Party]] (SPD) and in 2021 the Green Party captured 15% of the vote.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Green-Party-of-Germany Green Party of Germany], Britannica</ref> See: [[Conservation vs. environmentalism]] |
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| + | In one-party political systems, such as [[communism|communist]] China which has the [[Chinese Communist Party]], [[Cult of personality|cults of personalities]] have developed such as ones developed around [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Xi Jinping]].<ref>[https://archive.ph/UsNdw#selection-887.13-887.112 How Mao Zedong built up his cult of personality – from new Frank Dikötter book How to be a Dictator], South China Morning Post, 2019</ref><ref>[https://journals.library.cornell.edu/tmpfiles/CIAR_9_2_3.pdf Creating the Cult of Xi Jinping: The Chinese Dream as a Leader Symbol], Cornell International Affairs Review, 2016</ref> In such situations, there is a political division based on those who are part of the cult of personality and those who are not. | ||
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| + | == External links == | ||
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| + | *[https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ Political Polarization in the American Public], Pew Research | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category: Politics]] | [[Category: Politics]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:16, June 23, 2024
In the United States, political polarization often revolves around Republican Party vs. Democratic Party politics.[1]
In a two party political system, political polarization is "the division of a country’s entire population into two diametrically opposed political camps."[2] In two party systems of political governance, political division is primarily driven by binary political ideologies and partisan political identities.[3]
However, some political scientists maintain that political division is mainly driven by other political dichotomies other than two party politics or right-wing vs. leftism such as religious vs. irreligious/nonreligious, nationalism vs. globalism, traditionalism against modernism, or rural against urban.[4]
Parliamentary systems of government can also have political polarization such as Euroskepticism vs. pro-European Union (See also: Brexit).[5] In Germany, the Green Party of Germany, which promotes environmentalism, has a significant amount of political influence due to their coalition with the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and in 2021 the Green Party captured 15% of the vote.[6] See: Conservation vs. environmentalism
In one-party political systems, such as communist China which has the Chinese Communist Party, cults of personalities have developed such as ones developed around Mao Zedong and Xi Jinping.[7][8] In such situations, there is a political division based on those who are part of the cult of personality and those who are not.
External links
- Political Polarization in the American Public, Pew Research
References
- ↑ DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany (1 November 1996). "Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 102 (3): 690–755. doi:10.1086/230995. S2CID 144020785.
- ↑ Political polarization - Britannica
- ↑ DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany (1 November 1996). "Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 102 (3): 690–755. doi:10.1086/230995. S2CID 144020785.
- ↑ Chinn, Sedona; Hart, P. Sol; Soroka, Stuart (February 2020). "Politicization and Polarization in Climate Change News Content, 1985-2017". Science Communication. 42 (1): 119–125. doi:10.1177/1075547019900290. S2CID 212781410.
- ↑ Mann, Thomas E.; Ornstein, Norman J. (2012). It's Even Worse Than It Looks: How the American constitutional system collided with the new politics of extremism. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465031337.
- ↑ Green Party of Germany, Britannica
- ↑ How Mao Zedong built up his cult of personality – from new Frank Dikötter book How to be a Dictator, South China Morning Post, 2019
- ↑ Creating the Cult of Xi Jinping: The Chinese Dream as a Leader Symbol, Cornell International Affairs Review, 2016