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|[[Battle of Waterloo]]

|[[Battle of Waterloo]]

|1815 Marked the end of Napoleon's reign in France when he was defeated by Prussia and Great Britain

|1815: marked the end of Napoleon's reign in France when he was defeated by Prussia and Great Britain; the expression "someone's Waterloo" refers to a change from possible victory to a decisive defeat

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|[[Bernhard Riemann]]

|[[Bernhard Riemann]]

|(1826-1866) an influential German mathematician who made lasting contributions to differential geometry and analysis, some of which provided a foundation 40 years later for the theory of general relativity in physics.

|(1826-1866) an influential German mathematician who made lasting contributions to differential geometry and analysis, providing the mathematical basis for some 20th century physics

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|[[Congress of Vienna]]

|[[Congress of Vienna]]

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|[[Concert of Europe]]

|[[Concert of Europe]]

|established during the Congress of Vienna; alliances between the nations requiring assistance of each other if war broke out, protecting against any revolutions or invasion; adopted changes including the legitimacy of monarchies and growing nationalism in Europe  

|established during the Congress of Vienna to create alliances between nations requiring assistance of each other if war or revolutions occurred; also adopted changes that legitimized monarchies and growing nationalism in Europe  

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|[[Constitution of the United States]]

|[[Constitution of the United States]]

|(1787) the oldest working constitution in the world, which established a masterful design for government

|(1787) the oldest working constitution in the world, which established a masterful design for government

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|[[David Hume]]

|[[David Hume]]

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|Declaration of Independence  

|Declaration of Independence  

|(1776) an American statement of "inalienable" (God-given) rights, and asserting a right of the people break their "social contract" with a ruler (a king) when he violates those rights, such as the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

|(1776) an American statement of "inalienable" (God-given) rights, asserting a right of the people break their "social contract" with a ruler (a king) when he violates those rights, such as the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

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|Edmund Burke

|Edmund Burke

|(1729-1797) a conservative Irish statesman in the British parliament who sided with the American colonies in the period leading up to the American Revolution, coined the phrase "salutary neglect" to support economic growth in the colonies, and criticized the French Revolution when most others were praising it

|(1729-1797) a conservative Irish statesman in the British parliament who sided with the American colonies before the American Revolution; coined the phrase "salutary neglect" to support economic growth in the colonies, and criticized the French Revolution while others were praising it

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|The Federalist Papers  

|The Federalist Papers  

|(1788) Brilliant essays encouraging ratification of the U.S. Constitution, written mostly by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison

|(1788) brilliant essays encouraging ratification of the U.S. Constitution, written mostly by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison

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|[[Gandhi]]

|[[Gandhi]]

|Spiritual leader who set out to win independence for India through peaceful civil disobedience.

|spiritual Hindu leader who set out to win independence for India through peaceful civil disobedience

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|Immanuel Kant  

|Immanuel Kant  

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|Industrial Revolution

|Industrial Revolution

|technology-driven changes in society that began about 1760 in England and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the replacement of hand tools with power-driven machines, as the power loom and the steam engine, and a shift from farming to factories for many workers

|technology-driven changes in society that began about 1760 in England and later in other countries, characterized chiefly by the use of power-driven machines, as the power loom and the steam engine, and a shift from farming to factories

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|James Clerk Maxwell

|James Clerk Maxwell

|(1831-1879)British physicist. Maxwell is ranked as the foremost physical scientist of the 19th century. His greatest achievement was the synthesis of the contributions of Faraday, Gauss, and Ampère into a single coherent electromagnetic theory. Of his several academic appointments the most important was the post of professor of experimental physics at Cambridge. He made contributions of fundamental importance to many branches of physics. The maxwell, a unit of magnetic flux, was named in his honor.

|(1831-1879) British physicist. Maxwell is ranked as the foremost physical scientist of the 19th century. His greatest achievement was the synthesis of the contributions of Faraday, Gauss, and Ampère into a single coherent electromagnetic theory. Of his several academic appointments the most important was the post of professor of experimental physics at Cambridge. He made contributions of fundamental importance to many branches of physics. The maxwell, a unit of magnetic flux, was named in his honor.

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|Johann Sebastian Bach

|Johann Sebastian Bach

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|[[Joseph Stalin]]

|[[Joseph Stalin]]

|Brutal, Russian dictator who murdered millions of people, destroyed many religious gatherings, and worst of all, persuaded all schools to be taught to love the wicked idea of Communism.

|Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

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|[[Manhattan Project]]

|[[Manhattan Project]]

|[[Adolf Hitler]]

|[[Adolf Hitler]]

|German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)

|German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)

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|[[opium]]

|[[opium]]

|an addictive, deadly drug that the British empire sent in large amounts to China, which caused the great Taiping Rebellion against the British

|an addictive, deadly drug that the British empire sent in large amounts to China, which caused the great Taiping Rebellion against the British

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[[Category:World History lectures]]

[[Category:World History lectures]]