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Difference between revisions of "Self-esteem"
 
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[[Self-esteem]] is a [[Psychology|psychological]] term describing the state of having in oneself:
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[[File:Self-concept, self-efficacy, self-esteem.jpg|thumbnail|300px|right|A Venn diagram showing the relationship between [[self-concept]], [[self-efficacy]], and self-esteem.]]
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'''Self-esteem''' is a [[Psychology|psychological]] term describing the state of having in oneself:
 
*a positive attitude  
 
*a positive attitude  
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*a feeling of value in oneself
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*belief in one's own abilities  
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*Self-worth (As far as self-worth, Christians and Jews believe that mankind was made in image of God (Genesis 1:27) and they believe in the [[fall of man]]).<ref>[https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/essay/man-as-the-image-of-god/ Man as the Image of God]</ref> Furthermore, Christians also believe that once one becomes a Christian, they are a new creation in [[Jesus Christ]] (2 Corinthians 5:17).<ref>[https://www.crosswalk.com/faith/bible-study/benefits-of-being-a-new-creation-in-christ.html 7 Benefits of Being a New Creation in Christ]</ref><ref>[https://www.openbible.info/topics/new_creation_in_christ New Creation in Christ]</ref>
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*belief in one's own competence.
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*belief in one's own abilities<ref>Traditional social-psychiatric theory argues that productive people will enjoy life, feel good about themselves, earn the respect of friends and co-workers, and feel connected with their families and society. [http://www.familyresearchinst.org/FRI_EduPamphlet6.html Paul Cameron, Ph. D.]</ref> See: [[Self-efficacy]].
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*belief in one's own competence.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/health/conditions/mental_health/emotion_esteem.shtml "Self-esteem" Mental/Emotional Health at BBC Health; accessed 24 December 2007]</ref>
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[[Liberal]] educators often disconnect self-esteem from [[achievement]] (See also: [[Achievement orientation]]) and [[humility]], focusing more on developing self-esteem than on actually ensuring their students actually learn anything. The problem with self-esteem is that it teaches people to be proud of yourself for nothing. <ref>https://www.prageru.com/video/why-self-esteem-is-self-defeating/</ref> This results in the pursuit of [[mediocrity]]. Liberal educators commonly adopt [[politically correct]] policies in their classrooms in order to protect the self-esteem of women, minorities,<ref>http://www.examiner.com/article/obama-asks-public-schools-to-ingore-bad-behavoir-by-black-students "Barack Obama's "African American Education Initiative" creates a new Federal bureaucracy. One of its goals will be to stop disciplinary action against black public school students who misbehave."</ref> and other groups.  However, a study conducted by the California Task Force to Promote Self-Esteem found that higher self-esteem doesn't correspond with higher intellectual performance.  Also, having higher self-esteem doesn't produce correct moral outcomes such as lowered teen pregnancy or reduced delinquency.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/2002/1024/p09s01-coop.html Education's self-esteem hoax] (Christian Science Monitor, October 24, 2002)</ref>
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== Psychologist Martin Seligman and Coach Rick Patino on self-esteem ==
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Educators in California believed that programs designed to increase young students' self-esteem would lead to increases in academic achievement. However, they did not bother to check this assumption. [[Martin Seligman]] criticized them for this:
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*Seligman says self-esteem is a byproduct of competence, and that attempts to increase competence by buoying self-esteem are not just ineffective but even counterproductive. Seligman further stated: “Well-being cannot exist in our own head. It is a combination of actually having meaning, good relationships, and accomplishment.”<ref>[https://www.ipc-mn.com/the-power-of-self-confidence/ The Power of Self-confidence}</ref> (Others have noted that juvenile delinquents and dropouts have higher-that-average self-esteem.)
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The American basketball coach Rick Patino in his book ''Success is a Choice'' wrote:
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{{Cquote|Self-esteem comes with a catch, though.
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We must deserve it.
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Only when you have your plan of attack, you become organized, have discipline in your life, your prepared to win - that's when you should give yourself some credit.
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Only when you proven that you deserve victory.
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It's counterproductive to boost someone's self-esteem when that person doesn't deserve it.<ref>''Success is a Choice'' by Rick Pitino, Chapter 2, page 29. Broadway Books. 1997</ref>}}
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== Self-esteem and self-worth ==
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''See also:'' [[Self-worth]]
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[[Self-worth]] is the internal sense of being good enough and worthy of love and belonging from others. Self-worth is often confused with [[self-esteem]], which relies on external factors such as successes and [[achievement]]s to define worth and can often be inconsistent leading to someone struggling with feeling worthy."<ref>[https://uncw.edu/seahawk-life/health-wellness/counseling/self-help-resources/self-worth#:~:text=Self%2Dworth%20is%20the%20internal,someone%20struggling%20with%20feeling%20worthy. Self-worth], University of North Carolina</ref>
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The abstract for the 2001 journal article ''Contingencies of self-worth'' published in ''Psychological Review'' states:
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{{Cquote|Research on self-esteem has focused almost exclusively on level of trait self-esteem to the neglect of other potentially more important aspects such as the contingencies on which self-esteem is based. Over a century ago, W. James (1890) argued that self-esteem rises and falls around its typical level in response to successes and failures in domains on which one has staked self-worth. We present a model of global self-esteem that builds on James' insights and emphasizes contingencies of self-worth. This model can help to (a) point the way to understanding how self-esteem is implicated in affect, cognition, and [[self-regulation]] of behavior; (b) suggest how and when self-esteem is implicated in social problems; (c) resolve debates about the nature and functioning of self-esteem; (d) resolve paradoxes in related literatures, such as why people who are stigmatized do not necessarily have low self-esteem and why self-esteem does not decline with age; and (e) suggest how self-esteem is causally related to depression. In addition, this perspective raises questions about how contingencies of self-worth are acquired and how they change, whether they are primarily a resource or a vulnerability, and whether some people have noncontingent self-esteem.<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11488379/  ''Contingencies of self-worth'']. ''Psychological Review''. 2001 Jul;108(3):593-623. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.593.</ref>}}
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== Core self-evaluations and self-esteem ==
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''See also:'' [[Core self-evaluations]]
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[[Core self-evaluations]] (CSE) is a [[Psychology|psychological]] "theory that includes four [[personality]] dimensions: self-esteem, [[self-efficacy]], [[locus of control]]" and [[neuroticism]].<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233533/ Personality traits of core self-evaluation as predictors on clinical decision-making in nursing profession], PLoS One. 2020; 15(5): e0233435. Published online 2020 May 18. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233435</ref><ref>[https://www.mindtools.com/aji792a/core-self-evaluations Core self-evaluations]</ref><ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042811005106 Validity and Reliability of Core Self-Evaluations Scale in Iranian Employees], Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15 (2011) 1561–1565</ref> "Core self-evaluations are instinctive judgments that we all make about ourselves and our lives."<ref>[https://www.mindtools.com/aji792a/core-self-evaluations Core self-evaluations]</ref>
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==See also==
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*[[Self-confidence]]
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*[[Self-worth]]
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*[[Self-concept]]
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*[[Identity (psychology)]]
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*[[Perfectionism]]
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*[[Agency (psychology)]]
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*[[Self-awareness]]
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*[[Self-criticism]]
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*[[Self-control]]
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*[[Self-regulation]]
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*[[Grit (personality trait)]]
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*[[Mental toughness]]
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*[[Psychological resilience]]
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*[[Quotes related to ignoring unreasonable critics]]
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*[[Self-awareness]]
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*[[Narrative and meaning-making thinking]]
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*[[Achievement orientation]]
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Other related concepts:
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* [[Hubris]] (Excessive self-esteem)
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* [[Narcissism]]
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* [[Teacup Generation]]
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* [[Generation X]] - the children of the [[Baby boomer]]s
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* [[Education]]
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* [[Public school values]]
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* [[Professor values]]
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* [[Public schools in the United States]]
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* [[Family]] - [[Homeschooling]]
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== External links ==
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*[https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/self-esteem/art-20045374 Self-esteem: Take steps to feel better about yourself], [[Mayo Clinic]]
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*[https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-self-esteem-2795868 What Is Self-Esteem?] by Kendra Cherry, MSEd, VeryWellMind.com
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*[https://www.verywellmind.com/why-it-s-important-to-have-high-self-esteem-5094127 Why It's Important to Have High Self-Esteem], VeryWellMind.com
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*[https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/types-of-mental-health-problems/self-esteem/tips-to-improve-your-self-esteem/ Self-esteem: How can I improve my self-esteem?], Mind.org.uk
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==References==
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<references/>
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[[Category:Psychology]]
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[[Category:Education]]

Latest revision as of 03:48, February 28, 2026

A Venn diagram showing the relationship between self-concept, self-efficacy, and self-esteem.

Self-esteem is a psychological term describing the state of having in oneself:

  • a positive attitude
  • Self-worth (As far as self-worth, Christians and Jews believe that mankind was made in image of God (Genesis 1:27) and they believe in the fall of man).[1] Furthermore, Christians also believe that once one becomes a Christian, they are a new creation in Jesus Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17).[2][3]
  • belief in one's own competence.[5]

Liberal educators often disconnect self-esteem from achievement (See also: Achievement orientation) and humility, focusing more on developing self-esteem than on actually ensuring their students actually learn anything. The problem with self-esteem is that it teaches people to be proud of yourself for nothing. [6] This results in the pursuit of mediocrity. Liberal educators commonly adopt politically correct policies in their classrooms in order to protect the self-esteem of women, minorities,[7] and other groups. However, a study conducted by the California Task Force to Promote Self-Esteem found that higher self-esteem doesn't correspond with higher intellectual performance. Also, having higher self-esteem doesn't produce correct moral outcomes such as lowered teen pregnancy or reduced delinquency.[8]

Psychologist Martin Seligman and Coach Rick Patino on self-esteem

Educators in California believed that programs designed to increase young students' self-esteem would lead to increases in academic achievement. However, they did not bother to check this assumption. Martin Seligman criticized them for this:

  • Seligman says self-esteem is a byproduct of competence, and that attempts to increase competence by buoying self-esteem are not just ineffective but even counterproductive. Seligman further stated: “Well-being cannot exist in our own head. It is a combination of actually having meaning, good relationships, and accomplishment.”[9] (Others have noted that juvenile delinquents and dropouts have higher-that-average self-esteem.)

The American basketball coach Rick Patino in his book Success is a Choice wrote:

“ Self-esteem comes with a catch, though.

We must deserve it.

Only when you have your plan of attack, you become organized, have discipline in your life, your prepared to win - that's when you should give yourself some credit.

Only when you proven that you deserve victory.

It's counterproductive to boost someone's self-esteem when that person doesn't deserve it.[10]

”

Self-esteem and self-worth

See also: Self-worth

Self-worth is the internal sense of being good enough and worthy of love and belonging from others. Self-worth is often confused with self-esteem, which relies on external factors such as successes and achievements to define worth and can often be inconsistent leading to someone struggling with feeling worthy."[11]

The abstract for the 2001 journal article Contingencies of self-worth published in Psychological Review states:

“ Research on self-esteem has focused almost exclusively on level of trait self-esteem to the neglect of other potentially more important aspects such as the contingencies on which self-esteem is based. Over a century ago, W. James (1890) argued that self-esteem rises and falls around its typical level in response to successes and failures in domains on which one has staked self-worth. We present a model of global self-esteem that builds on James' insights and emphasizes contingencies of self-worth. This model can help to (a) point the way to understanding how self-esteem is implicated in affect, cognition, and self-regulation of behavior; (b) suggest how and when self-esteem is implicated in social problems; (c) resolve debates about the nature and functioning of self-esteem; (d) resolve paradoxes in related literatures, such as why people who are stigmatized do not necessarily have low self-esteem and why self-esteem does not decline with age; and (e) suggest how self-esteem is causally related to depression. In addition, this perspective raises questions about how contingencies of self-worth are acquired and how they change, whether they are primarily a resource or a vulnerability, and whether some people have noncontingent self-esteem.[12] ”

Core self-evaluations and self-esteem

See also: Core self-evaluations

Core self-evaluations (CSE) is a psychological "theory that includes four personality dimensions: self-esteem, self-efficacy, locus of control" and neuroticism.[13][14][15] "Core self-evaluations are instinctive judgments that we all make about ourselves and our lives."[16]

See also

Other related concepts:

External links

References

  1. ↑ Man as the Image of God
  2. ↑ 7 Benefits of Being a New Creation in Christ
  3. ↑ New Creation in Christ
  4. ↑ Traditional social-psychiatric theory argues that productive people will enjoy life, feel good about themselves, earn the respect of friends and co-workers, and feel connected with their families and society. Paul Cameron, Ph. D.
  5. ↑ "Self-esteem" Mental/Emotional Health at BBC Health; accessed 24 December 2007
  6. ↑ https://www.prageru.com/video/why-self-esteem-is-self-defeating/
  7. ↑ http://www.examiner.com/article/obama-asks-public-schools-to-ingore-bad-behavoir-by-black-students "Barack Obama's "African American Education Initiative" creates a new Federal bureaucracy. One of its goals will be to stop disciplinary action against black public school students who misbehave."
  8. ↑ Education's self-esteem hoax (Christian Science Monitor, October 24, 2002)
  9. ↑ [https://www.ipc-mn.com/the-power-of-self-confidence/ The Power of Self-confidence}
  10. ↑ Success is a Choice by Rick Pitino, Chapter 2, page 29. Broadway Books. 1997
  11. ↑ Self-worth, University of North Carolina
  12. ↑ Contingencies of self-worth. Psychological Review. 2001 Jul;108(3):593-623. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.593.
  13. ↑ Personality traits of core self-evaluation as predictors on clinical decision-making in nursing profession, PLoS One. 2020; 15(5): e0233435. Published online 2020 May 18. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233435
  14. ↑ Core self-evaluations
  15. ↑ Validity and Reliability of Core Self-Evaluations Scale in Iranian Employees, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 15 (2011) 1561–1565
  16. ↑ Core self-evaluations
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