Homeschooling

Homeschooling students get some or all of their education outside of traditional schools. The general term "homeschooling" includes a wide range of educational options and philosophies.

Homeschooling parents oversee their children’s education, usually providing some of the instruction themselves. In addition, they can mix-and-match other instructional approaches, including hiring a tutor; using a correspondence school (or the modern video- or computer-based equivalent); taking classes at local museums or nature centers; joining with other families to share teaching responsibilities in a co-op; and encouraging the student to self-instruct using library books, traditional textbooks or workbooks, knowledgeable mentors and/or hands-on experiences. Some homeschoolers also include local "after school" enrichment programs like scouts, 4-H, sports, music lessons, karate or dance classes, public library programs, and summer camps as part of their educational program.

In the United States, as of 2003, an estimated 1.1 million students - about 2.2% of children in grades K-12 - were homeschooled.

Families who homeschool do so for a number of reasons. Most homeschool to protect the Christian faith of their children, and to preserve their family values. Other frequently mentioned reasons include concern about safety, drugs, and peer pressure at other schools, dissatisfaction with academic instruction at other schools, the ability to provide religious or moral instruction along with academics, the ability to control what the child is being taught, flexibility in meeting the needs of a child with special needs (such as a physical or mental health problem, a temporary illness, or giftedness), and flexibility in scheduling family life.

In the United States, opting out of public schools is not new. When Thomas Edison's public school teacher said he was "addled," Edison's mother took him out of public school and taught him at home. But because of compulsory education laws—the first was passed in Massachusetts in 1852, and by 1918 every state had them—schooling at home has at times been a violation of truancy laws, and was rare until the 1970s.

The origin of the U. S. homeschooling movement is often credited to John Holt and his 1964 book How Children Fail. Holt was "a left-winger who regarded schools as instruments of the bureaucratic-industrial complex." However, the movement was also catalyzed when social conservatives became alarmed at the 1962 U. S. Supreme Court ruling which banned school-sponsored prayer in public schools.

Truancy laws brought pioneering homeschoolers into conflict with local officials. The first New York Times story on "home schooling" appeared in 1974, and concerned two parents charged with "educational neglect" by the Westchester County Department of Social Services. Tests showed that they performed at or about grade level "except for one who is a little slow in reading," and the parents received strong support from a state senator. By the mid-1980s the Times was running articles with titles like "Schooling in the Home: A Growing Alternative" and "There Are Benefits In Homeschooling," and states were legalizing homeschooling A 1997 article said "It's not only Christian fundamentalists any more" and a 2003 article noted "Unhappy in Class, More Are Learning at Home."

Prominent people who were educated at home

Throughout history, a disproportionate number of achievers have benefited from being homeschooled. Here is a growing list of some of them:

• Mary Breckinridge (1881-1965), pioneering American midwife and founder of Kentucky's Frontier Nursing Service. Mary's father was a diplomat, and she was educated in America and abroad by private tutors.
• Robert Browning (1812-1889), a brilliant English poet.
• Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945), U.S. President. Was educated by private tutors at home through age 14, then entered Groton, an elite private school in Massachusetts, in 1896.
• George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), author. Tutored in the classics by a clerical uncle until he entered school at age 10. Left school by age 15. , ,
• Mark Twain (1835-1910), American author and satirist
• Andrew Wyeth (1917- ), American artist, was tutored at home until he was 18.

Arguably Homeschooled

• Leonardo da Vinci
• Claude Monet
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• Stonewall Jackson
• John Paul Jones
• Robert E. Lee
• Douglas MacArthur
• George Patton
• Alexander Graham Bell
• Thomas Edison
• Cyrus McCormick
• Orville and Wilbur Wright

• George Washington
• John Quincy Adams
• James Madison
• William Henry Harrison
• John Tyler
• Abraham Lincoln
• Theodore Roosevelt

• Joan of Arc
• John the Baptist
• Jesus Christ
• William Cary
• Jonathan Edwards
• Dwight L. Moody
• John Newton
• Charles Wesley
• John Wesley
• Brigham Young

• George Washington Carver
• Pierre Curie
• Charles Louis Montesquieu
• Blaise Pascal
• Bernhard Riemann
• Booker T. Washington

• Patrick Henry
• William Penn
• Henry Clay

• John Jay
• John Marshall
• John Rutledge

• Hans Christian Andersen
• Pearl S. Buck
• Agatha Christie
• Charles Dickens
• Bret Harte
• C.S. Lewis
• Sean O’Casey
• George Bernard Shaw
• Mark Twain
• Daniel Webster

• George Clymer
• William Livingston
• George Mason
• Charles Pickney III
• George Wyeth

• Ansel Adams
• Clara Barton
• John Burroughs
• Andrew Carnegie
• George Rogers Clark
• Florence Nightingale
• Leo Tolstoy