Difference between revisions of "United States Secretary of State"

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'''Final Fantasy VII''' is a best selling RPG for the Sony Playstation. Despite being a best seller the game is filled with highly offensive material. For one it features a hockey team named the AVALANCHE who are also a terrorist group. They blow up a coal power plant but justify it by saying they are helping the environment. The game is also filled with profanity especially from Cid and Barrett (who bears a strong resemblence to Mr. T). The game was also critcized harshly because of the sexual liasons of the main character Cloud Strife. He has relations with three girls in the course of the game including a 16 year old Japenese girl named Yuffie.
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The '''United States Secretary of State''' is the head of the U.S. [[Department of State]]. The Secretary of State is the highest-ranking member of the [[United States Cabinet|President's Cabinet]] in both line of succession and order of precedence. The first Secretary of State was [[John Jay]], under President [[George Washington]]. The current Secretary of State is neocon warmonger [[Anthony Blinken]].
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==Characters==
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===Cloud===
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==History==
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The main protagonist of the game. Once a member of the US marines, now heads an eco-terrorist group called Avalanche
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The [[Second Continental Congress]] created the office of Secretary of Foreign Affairs to head the [[Department of State|Department of Foreign Affairs]] on January 13, 1781. Later that year, on July 27, President George Washington signed a law authorizing the executive department. On September 15 of the same year, the Department and Secretary of Foreign Affairs were renamed the Department and Secretary of State.
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===Barrett (aka Mr. T)===
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An African-American man who is second in command in Avalanche to Cloud. Has an adopted white daughter named Marlene. Shows love and affection to her, one of the few redeeming qualities of this highly offensive game.
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The title Secretary of State is of British origin. This title was given to senior members of the King's cabinet.
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===Tifa===
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Cloud's gf from his childhood. Flashbacks show Tifa and Cloud engaging in sexual acts as early as age 12. This part of the game as been highly criticized
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Secretary of State is one of the highest offices a non-national can obtain in the United States government. To date, two non-nationals have served in the position. [[Henry Kissinger]] (1973 - 1977) was born in [[Germany]], while [[Madeleine Albright]] (1997 - 2001) was born in [[Czechoslovakia]]. While in office both of them would have been excluded from the [[Presidential Line of Succession]].
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===Aeris===
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Another one of Cloud's love interests. Cloud steals Aeris' virginity. To be fair though, Cloud does show genuine affection towards her and becomes extremely upset when she is brutally murdered by Sephiroth.
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In recent decades the post has seen a lot of historical "firsts". Albright was the first female Secretary of State. Her successor, [[Colin Powell]], was the first [[African-American]] Secretary, while his successor [[Condoleezza Rice]] was the first African-American woman to hold the post. In 2009 another woman, the leftist [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]] took the post. In 2017, former CEO of [[ExxonMobil]], [[Rex Tillerson]] was confirmed to the position.
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===Cid Jefferson===
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Owner of the Jefferson Airplane, an aircraft you can use to fly all over the world. Joins your group after he is offered a night with Yuffie and a 12 pack of Blue.
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==Original Domestic Duties==
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===Vince the Pince===
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*Receipt, publication, distribution and preservation of laws of the U.S.
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A mysterious man who has been locked in the Shinra mansion in Nibelheim for 30 years. He has been crygenically frozen so he still resembes a 27 year old man. Shoots people with his Colt 45.
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*Custody of the [[Great Seal of the United States]]
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===Cait Sith===
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*Authentication of copies and preparation of commossions of executive branch appointments
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A puppett controlled by a 40 year old virgin who works in an office in Midgar. Turns out to be a mole for Shinra but later joins the cause of AVALANCHE
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*Final custody of the books, papers, and records of the Continental Congress including the Constitution itself and the [[Declaration of Independence]]
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===Yuffie Kisagari===
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An attractive Japenese teenager. She has a passionate affair with Cloud Strife and also has relations with Cid (she only slept with Cid so the crew would get access to the Jefferson Airplane). She was kidnapped and molested by Don Corleone in Tokyo but was rescued before Corleone could have intercourse with her.]
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==Current Duties==
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===Red CXIX===
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*Storage and use of the Great Seal of the United States
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Cloud's pet dog. A loyal companion with a gentle temperment, Red is probably the most moral individual in the game (sad to say because he is not even human). He shows affection to all he meets especially children.
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*Performance of protocol functions for the [[White House]]
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===Sephiroth===
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*Drafting of certain proclamations
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A highly dangerous psychopath with superhuman strength. He is also a leader of a dangerous cult known as Jenova's Witnesses. He is the main antagonist of the game and brutally murders Aeris in the Canadian Rockies.
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*Formally accepting notice of the president's resignation - this has only happened once, when President [[Richard Nixon]] resigned in August 1974.
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==Criticisms==
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*Replies to inquiries
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Although from a commercial standpoint Final Fantasy VII was highly successful, it has been criticized by a variety of both liberal and conservative groups including Christian groups, women's groups, and minority groups.
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*Next in line of presidential succession after the [[President pro tempore of the Senate]]
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===Christian Criticisms===
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Although the game does not mock Christianity or make any references to God or Jesus, the game does violate Christian values. On one hand, Cloud does show genuine affection to his friends and lovers and Barrett is shown to have a good relationship to his daughter but the game is fraught with moral relativism. The protagonists of the game are eco-terrorists who although their cause may be noble, their methods are brutal and repugnant and their actions kill innocent civilians. Although their renounce terror later in the game, this does not excuse their actions. Also sex is trivalized in the game. Instead of being the ultimate act of intimacy between a man and his wife; Cloud has relations with three unmarried young women, one of whom is still a teenager. Although the acts were depicted as consensual, this does not send a good message to young impressionable children and teens.
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==List of Former Secretaries of State==
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===Women's Rights Group Criticisms===
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{| class="wikitable"
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Ironically, many women's rights groups share some of the same complaints as Christian groups. Despite often being at odds with each other, feminists and Christians find some common ground in their opposition to this game. Women's groups find the way sex is trivalized to be highly offensive as well as the fact that the girls in the game are sometimes treated as sex objects by the other characters. The fact that a 16 year old is depicted in sexual acts with an older man (Cloud is 21 years old) has also been harshly criticized.
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|-
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===Minority Rights Group Criticisms===
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! Name !! Years
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Both Japanese and African-American groups have been highly outraged by the stereotypical portrayal of Japenase and African American characters. Barrett is depicted as loud, hot-headed and prone to violence, reinforcing the stereotype of black gang members. Yuffie is portrayed as a nymphomaniac which perpetuates the stereotype that Japanese women are merely the playthings of Western men.
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|-
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| [[Thomas Jefferson]]
 +
| 1789–1793
 +
|-
 +
| [[Edmund Randolph]]
 +
| 1794–1795
 +
|-
 +
| Timothy Pickering
 +
| 1795–1800
 +
|-
 +
| [[John Marshall]]
 +
| 1800–1801
 +
|-
 +
| [[James Madison]]
 +
| 1801–1809
 +
|-
 +
| Robert Smith
 +
| 1809–1811
 +
|-
 +
| [[James Monroe]]
 +
| 1811–1817
 +
|-
 +
| [[John Quincy Adams]]
 +
| 1817–1825
 +
|-
 +
| [[Henry Clay]]
 +
| 1825–1829
 +
|-
 +
| [[Martin Van Buren]]
 +
| 1829–1831
 +
|-
 +
| Edward Livingston
 +
| 1831–1833
 +
|-
 +
| Louis McLane
 +
| 1833–1834
 +
|-
 +
| John Forsyth
 +
| 1834–1841
 +
|-
 +
| [[Daniel Webster]]
 +
| 1841–1843, 1850–1852
 +
|-
 +
| Abel Parker Upshur
 +
| 1843–1844
 +
|-
 +
| [[John C. Calhoun]]
 +
| 1844–1845
 +
|-
 +
| [[James Buchanan]]
 +
| 1845–1849
 +
|-
 +
| John Middleton Clayton
 +
| 1849–1850
 +
|-
 +
| Edward Everett
 +
| 1852–1853
 +
|-
 +
| William Learned Marcy
 +
| 1853–1857
 +
|-
 +
| [[Lewis Cass]]
 +
| 1857–1860
 +
|-
 +
| Jeremiah Sullivan Black
 +
| 1860–1861
 +
|-
 +
| [[William Seward]]
 +
| 1861–1869
 +
|-
 +
| Elihu Benjamin Washburne
 +
| 1869
 +
|-
 +
| Hamilton Fish
 +
| 1869–1877
 +
|-
 +
| [[William Maxwell Evarts]]
 +
| 1877–1881
 +
|-
 +
| James Gillespie Blaine
 +
| 1881, 1889–1892
 +
|-
 +
| [[Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen]]
 +
| 1881–1885
 +
|-
 +
| Thomas Francis Bayard
 +
| 1885–1889
 +
|-
 +
| John Watson Foster
 +
| 1892–1893
 +
|-
 +
| Walter Quintin Gresham
 +
| 1893–1895
 +
|-
 +
| Richard Olney
 +
| 1895–1897
 +
|-
 +
| John Sherman
 +
| 1897–1898
 +
|-
 +
| [[William R. Day|William Rufus Day]]
 +
| 1898
 +
|-
 +
| John Hay
 +
| 1898–1905
 +
|-
 +
| Elihu Root
 +
| 1905–1909
 +
|-
 +
| Robert Bacon
 +
| 1909
 +
|-
 +
| Philander Chase Knox
 +
| 1909–1913
 +
|-
 +
| [[William Jennings Bryan]]
 +
| 1913–1915
 +
|-
 +
| Robert Lansing
 +
| 1915–1920
 +
|-
 +
| Bainbridge Colby
 +
| 1920–1921
 +
|-
 +
| [[Charles Evans Hughes]]
 +
| 1921–1925
 +
|-
 +
| Frank Billings Kellogg
 +
| 1925–1929
 +
|-
 +
| [[Henry Stimson|Henry Lewis Stimson]]
 +
| 1929–1933
 +
|-
 +
| [[Cordell Hull]]
 +
| 1933–1944
 +
|-
 +
| Edward Rielly Stettinius, Jr.
 +
| 1944–1945
 +
|-
 +
| [[James F. Byrnes|James Francis Byrnes]]
 +
| 1945–1947
 +
|-
 +
| [[George C. Marshall|George Catlett Marshall]]
 +
| 1947–1949
 +
|-
 +
| [[Dean Acheson]]
 +
| 1949–1953
 +
|-
 +
| [[John Foster Dulles]]
 +
| 1953–1959
 +
|-
 +
| Christian Herter
 +
| 1959–1961
 +
|-
 +
| [[Dean Rusk]]
 +
| 1961–1969
 +
|-
 +
| William Pierce Rogers
 +
| 1969–1973
 +
|-
 +
| [[Henry Kissinger]]
 +
| 1973–1977
 +
|-
 +
| [[Cyrus Vance, Sr.]]
 +
| 1977–1980
 +
|-
 +
| [[Edmund Muskie]]
 +
| 1980–1981
 +
|-
 +
| [[Alexander Haig]]
 +
| 1981–1982
 +
|-
 +
| [[George Shultz]]
 +
| 1982–1989
 +
|-
 +
| [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James Addison Baker III]]
 +
| 1989–1992
 +
|-
 +
| Lawrence Eagleburger
 +
| 1992–1993
 +
|-
 +
| Warren Christopher
 +
| 1993–1997
 +
|-
 +
| [[Madeleine Albright]]
 +
| 1997–2001
 +
|-
 +
| [[Colin Powell]]
 +
| 2001–2005
 +
|-
 +
| [[Condoleezza Rice]]
 +
| 2005–2009
 +
|-
 +
| [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]]
 +
| 2009–2013
 +
|-
 +
| [[John Kerry]]
 +
| 2013–2017
 +
|-
 +
| [[Rex Tillerson]]
 +
| 2017–2018
 +
|-
 +
| [[Mike Pompeo]]
 +
| 2018-2021
 +
|-
 +
| [[Anthony Blinken]]
 +
| 2021-present
 +
|}
 +
 
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==References==
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<references/>
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[[Category:United States Secretaries of State|*]]
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[[Category:International Relations]]
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[[Category:United States History]]

Latest revision as of 22:48, July 5, 2024

The United States Secretary of State is the head of the U.S. Department of State. The Secretary of State is the highest-ranking member of the President's Cabinet in both line of succession and order of precedence. The first Secretary of State was John Jay, under President George Washington. The current Secretary of State is neocon warmonger Anthony Blinken.

History

The Second Continental Congress created the office of Secretary of Foreign Affairs to head the Department of Foreign Affairs on January 13, 1781. Later that year, on July 27, President George Washington signed a law authorizing the executive department. On September 15 of the same year, the Department and Secretary of Foreign Affairs were renamed the Department and Secretary of State.

The title Secretary of State is of British origin. This title was given to senior members of the King's cabinet.

Secretary of State is one of the highest offices a non-national can obtain in the United States government. To date, two non-nationals have served in the position. Henry Kissinger (1973 - 1977) was born in Germany, while Madeleine Albright (1997 - 2001) was born in Czechoslovakia. While in office both of them would have been excluded from the Presidential Line of Succession.

In recent decades the post has seen a lot of historical "firsts". Albright was the first female Secretary of State. Her successor, Colin Powell, was the first African-American Secretary, while his successor Condoleezza Rice was the first African-American woman to hold the post. In 2009 another woman, the leftist Hillary Rodham Clinton took the post. In 2017, former CEO of ExxonMobil, Rex Tillerson was confirmed to the position.

Original Domestic Duties

  • Receipt, publication, distribution and preservation of laws of the U.S.
  • Custody of the Great Seal of the United States
  • Authentication of copies and preparation of commossions of executive branch appointments
  • Final custody of the books, papers, and records of the Continental Congress including the Constitution itself and the Declaration of Independence

Current Duties

  • Storage and use of the Great Seal of the United States
  • Performance of protocol functions for the White House
  • Drafting of certain proclamations
  • Formally accepting notice of the president's resignation - this has only happened once, when President Richard Nixon resigned in August 1974.
  • Replies to inquiries
  • Next in line of presidential succession after the President pro tempore of the Senate

List of Former Secretaries of State

Name Years
Thomas Jefferson 1789–1793
Edmund Randolph 1794–1795
Timothy Pickering 1795–1800
John Marshall 1800–1801
James Madison 1801–1809
Robert Smith 1809–1811
James Monroe 1811–1817
John Quincy Adams 1817–1825
Henry Clay 1825–1829
Martin Van Buren 1829–1831
Edward Livingston 1831–1833
Louis McLane 1833–1834
John Forsyth 1834–1841
Daniel Webster 1841–1843, 1850–1852
Abel Parker Upshur 1843–1844
John C. Calhoun 1844–1845
James Buchanan 1845–1849
John Middleton Clayton 1849–1850
Edward Everett 1852–1853
William Learned Marcy 1853–1857
Lewis Cass 1857–1860
Jeremiah Sullivan Black 1860–1861
William Seward 1861–1869
Elihu Benjamin Washburne 1869
Hamilton Fish 1869–1877
William Maxwell Evarts 1877–1881
James Gillespie Blaine 1881, 1889–1892
Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen 1881–1885
Thomas Francis Bayard 1885–1889
John Watson Foster 1892–1893
Walter Quintin Gresham 1893–1895
Richard Olney 1895–1897
John Sherman 1897–1898
William Rufus Day 1898
John Hay 1898–1905
Elihu Root 1905–1909
Robert Bacon 1909
Philander Chase Knox 1909–1913
William Jennings Bryan 1913–1915
Robert Lansing 1915–1920
Bainbridge Colby 1920–1921
Charles Evans Hughes 1921–1925
Frank Billings Kellogg 1925–1929
Henry Lewis Stimson 1929–1933
Cordell Hull 1933–1944
Edward Rielly Stettinius, Jr. 1944–1945
James Francis Byrnes 1945–1947
George Catlett Marshall 1947–1949
Dean Acheson 1949–1953
John Foster Dulles 1953–1959
Christian Herter 1959–1961
Dean Rusk 1961–1969
William Pierce Rogers 1969–1973
Henry Kissinger 1973–1977
Cyrus Vance, Sr. 1977–1980
Edmund Muskie 1980–1981
Alexander Haig 1981–1982
George Shultz 1982–1989
James Addison Baker III 1989–1992
Lawrence Eagleburger 1992–1993
Warren Christopher 1993–1997
Madeleine Albright 1997–2001
Colin Powell 2001–2005
Condoleezza Rice 2005–2009
Hillary Rodham Clinton 2009–2013
John Kerry 2013–2017
Rex Tillerson 2017–2018
Mike Pompeo 2018-2021
Anthony Blinken 2021-present

References

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