Soviet spies in America (1921-1948)

Chronology and structure of Comintern, Communist Party USA, and Soviet espionage networks in the United States. The CPUSA's secret apparatus operated a very large and successful organization in the United States from about 1921 to about 1948.

KGB

• J. Peters

• Bernard Schuster
• Joseph Katz

• Amadeo Sabatini

Ware group

• Hal Ware (1925 - 1935)
• John Abt (1935 - March 1944)

• Marion Bachrach
• Henry Collins, National Recovery Administration; Department of Agriculture
• John Herrmann
• Alger Hiss
• Donald Hiss
• Charles Kramer
• Victor Perlo
• Lee Pressman
• George Silverman
• Nathaniel Weyl
• Nathan Witt
• Harry Dexter White

NY Rezidentura

• Vladimir Pravdin NY Rezident
  • Olga Pravdina (wife), Ministry of Trade

• Gaik Ovakimian (1933 - 1941) NY Rezident
• Pavel Pastelnyak (1938 - ) NY Rezident (1941)

• Anatoly Yatskov (1940 - 1946)

• Alexandre Feklisov (1940 - 1946)

• Vasily Zubilin (October 1941 - 1944) NY Rezident

• Elizabeth Zubilin (1941 - 1944)
• Vassili D. Mironov Markov
• Semyon Semenov (1938 - 1944) NY X-line

• Morris Cohen (1938 - 1950)
• Lona Cohen (1941 - 1950)

• Perseus (spy)

• Leonid Kvasnikov (1943 - 1945) NY Deputy X-line

• Pavel Ivanovich Fedosimov [1]

• Constantin A. Chugunov NY [2]
• Mikhail Shalyapin (Mikhail A. Shaliapin)

• Andrey Shevchenko, KGB agent operating as an inspector at Bell Aircraft Niagra Falls

• Peter Gutzeit

• Grigory Heifetz, (1932)
• Victor Alexandrovich Lyagin, Amtorg (1939 -1941)
• Sergey Lukianov, Soviet Government Purchasing Commission, Zarubin's assistant for naval intelligence;

• Harry Rabinovich (Gregory Rabinovich) (Gregory Rabinowitz) ( - d.1938)
• Andrey Ivanovich Raina X-line 1942-1946
• Stepan Nikolaevich Shudenko [3]

• Jacob Golos (1921 - 27 November 1943)

• Elizabeth Bentley (4 December 1943 - August 1945)

Sound and Myrna groups

• Solomon Adler, United States Department of the Treasury
• Cedric Belfrage, journalist; British Security Coordination
• Frank Coe, Assistant Director, Division of Monetary Research, Treasury Department; Special Assistant to the United States Ambassador in London; Assistant to the Executive Director, Board of Economic Warfare; Assistant Administrator, Foreign Economic Administration
• Lauchlin Currie, Administrative Assistant to President Roosevelt; Deputy Administrator of Foreign Economic Administration; Special Representative to China
• Rae Elson, an active Communist, and courier of the CPUSA underground, was chosen by Joseph Katz to replace Bentley at the Soviet front organization, U.S. Shipping and Service Corporation.
• Frederick V. Field, Executive Secretary American Peace Mobilization
• Edward Fitzgerald, War Production Board
• Charles Flato, Board of Economic Warfare; Civil Liberties Subcommittee, Senate Committee on Education and Labor
• Eva Getzov, Jewish Welfare Board [4]
• Bela Gold, Bureau of Intelligence, Assistant Head of Program Surveys, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Agriculture Department; Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Economic Programs in Foreign Economic Administration
• Sonia Steinman Gold, Division of Monetary Research U.S. Treasury Department; U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Interstate Migration; U.S. Bureau of Employment Security
• Irving Goldman, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
• Gerald Graze, United States Civil Service Commission; Department of Defense, U.S. Navy official
• Stanley Graze, United States Department of State intelligence
• Michael Greenberg, Board of Economic Warfare; Administrative Division, Enemy Branch, Foreign Economic Administration; United States Department of State
• Joseph Gregg, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; United States Department of State
• Maurice Halperin, Chief of Latin American Division, Research and Analysis section, Office of Strategic Services; United States Department of State
• Julius Joseph, Far Eastern section (Japanese Intelligence) Office of Strategic Services
• Irving Kaplan, United States Department of the Treasury Foreign Economic Administration; United Nations Division of Economic Stability and Development; Chief Advisor to the Military Government of Germany
• Joseph Katz
• Charles Kramer, Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Price Administration; National Labor Relations Board; Senate Subcommittee on Wartime Health and Education; Agricultural Adjustment Administration; Civil Liberties Subcommittee, Senate Committee on Education and Labor; Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee; Democratic National Committee
• Duncan Lee, counsel to General William Donovan, head of Office of Strategic Services
• Bernice Levin, Office of Emergency Management; Office of Production Management
• Helen Lowry, (Elza Akhmerova), Akhmerov wife, American-born and raised, Soviet citizen
• Harry Magdoff, Chief of the Control Records Section of War Production Board and Office of Emergency Management; Bureau of Research and Statistics, WTB; Tools Division, War Production Board; Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, United States Department of Commerce; Statistics Division Works Progress Administration
• Jenny Levy Miller, Chinese Government Purchasing Commission
• Robert Miller, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; Near Eastern Division United States Department of State
• Willard Park, Assistant Chief of the Economic Analysis Section, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
• Victor Perlo
• Mary Price, stenographer for Walter Lippmann of the New York Herald
• Bernard Redmont, head of the Foreign News Bureau Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
• William Remington, War Production Board; Office of Emergency Management
• Ruth Rivkin, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
• Allan Rosenberg, Board of Economic Warfare; Chief of the Economic Institution Staff, Foreign Economic Administration; Civil Liberties Subcommittee, Senate Committee on Education and Labor; Railroad Retirement Board; Councel to the Secretary of the National Labor Relations Board
• Bernard Schuster
• Greg Silvermaster, Chief Planning Technician, Procurement Division, United States Department of the Treasury; Chief Economist, War Assets Administration; Director of the Labor Division, Farm Security Administration; Board of Economic Warfare; Reconstruction Finance Corporation Department of
• John Spivak, New Masses
• William Taylor, Assistant Director of Monetary Research, United States Department of Treasury
• Helen Tenney, Office of Strategic Services
• Lee Tenney, Balkan Division Office of Strategic Services
• Lud Ullman, delegate to United Nations Charter meeting and Bretton Woods Conference; Division of Monetary Research, Department of Treasury; Material and Services Division, Air Corps Headquarters, Pentagon
• David Weintraub, United States Department of State; head of the Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA); United Nations Division of Economic Stability and Development
• Donald Wheeler, Office of Strategic Services Research and Analysis division

Silvermaster group

• Nathan Gregory Silvermaster
• Helen Silvermaster (wife)
• Lud Ullman

• Anatole Volkov, son of Helen Silvermaster
• Solomon Adler, United States Department of the Treasury
• Norman Chandler Bursler, United States Department of Justice Anti-Trust Division
• Frank Coe, Assistant Director, Division of Monetary Research, Treasury Department; Special Assistant to the United States Ambassador in London; Assistant to the Executive Director, Board of Economic Warfare; Assistant Administrator, Foreign Economic Administration
• Lauchlin Currie, Administrative Assistant to President Roosevelt; Deputy Administrator of Foreign Economic Administration; Special Representative to China
• Bela Gold, Assistant Head of Program Surveys, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Agriculture Department; Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Economic Programs in Foreign Economic Administration
• Sonia Steinman Gold, Division of Monetary Research U.S. Treasury Department; U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Interstate Migration; U.S. Bureau of Employment Security
• Irving Kaplan, Foreign Funds Control and Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of the Treasury Foreign Economic Administration; chief advisor to the Military Government of Germany
• George Silverman, civilian Chief Production Specialist, Material Division, Army Air Force Air Staff, War Department, Pentagon
• William Henry Taylor, Assistant Director of the Middle East Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of Treasury
• Harry Dexter White, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury; Head of the International Monetary Fund

Perlo group

• Victor Perlo (5 March 1944 - )
• Charles Kramer, Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Price Administration; National Labor Relations Board; Senate Subcommittee on Wartime Health and Education; Agricultural Adjustment Administration; Senate Subcommittee on Civil Liberties; Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee; Democratic National Committee
• Edward Fitzgerald, War Production Board
• Harry Magdoff, Statistical Division of War Production Board and Office of Emergency Management; Bureau of Research and Statistics, WTB; Tools Division, War Production Board; Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, United States Department of Commerce

• • • • Harold Glasser, Director, Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of the Treasury; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration; War Production Board; Advisor on North African Affairs Committee; United States Treasury Representative to the Allied High Commission in Italy
      • Alger Hiss, Director of the Office of Special Political Affairs United States Department of State
      • Sol Leshinsky, United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
      • George Perazich, Foreign Economic Administration; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
      • Allen Rosenberg, Board of Economic Warfare; Chief of the Economic Institution Staff, Foreign Economic Administration; Senate Subcommittee on Civil Liberties; Senate Committee on Education and Labor; Railroad Retirement Board; Councel to the Secretary of the National Labor Relations Board
      • Donald Wheeler, Office of Strategic Services Research and Analysis division

The “Berg” – “Art” Group

• Alexander Koral (1939 - 1945), former engineer of the municipality of New York.
• Helen Koral (1939 - 1945), Berg’s wife, housewife.

• Richard Koral, son, student.
• Norman Hite, engineer for the firm “Sperry Gyroscope Company” in New Jersey.
• Elliot Goldberg, engineer for an oil equipment company in New York.
• Byron T. Darling, engineer for the Rubber Company. [5]
• Emma Phillips, housewife.
• Sylvia Koral, former secretary of the code section, Office of War Information.
• Eduardo Pekino, businessman in Caracas, Venezuela.
• Richard Setaro, journalist/writer, former employee of the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBC), in Buenos Aires.
• A. Slavianin
• S. M Semenov [Semyonov], rezident, technical intelligence for the KI in Paris
• A.A. Yatskov
• O. V. Shimmel
• K. A. Chugunov

• Louis Adamic, writer and spokesman for Yugoslav immigrants. During World War II, advised the OSS on Balkan questions. Source for Golos-Bentley network via Louis Budenz
• Otto Alleman, Du Pont chemist.

Atlschuler group

• Lydia Altschuler

Buben group

• Gregory Rabinovich

• Louis Budenz, (1935 - 1945) former member of the Central Committee of the CPUSA, former editor of the newspaper Daily Worker, professor at Fordham Catholic University.

• Robert Menaker, commercial traveler [traveling salesman] to a variety of trade firms.
• Frank Palmer, Place of employment unknown. Former member of the CPUSA, broke with the Communist Party in 1937. “Buben” was recruited with his assistance.
• Salmond Franklin, without specific assignments, husband of “Rita.” Used as a “signaller” [Russian: sviazist = communications man].
• Sylvia Caldwell, technical secretary for a Trotskyite group in New York.
• Harry Rabinovich (Gregory Rabinovich)

CPUSA/OSS

• Eugene Dennis, senior member of the CPUSA leadership

• Carl Marzani, Deputy Chief Photographic Presentation Branch Office of Strategic Services; United States Department of State

OSS

• Horst Baerensprung, OSS consultant on Germany
• Jane Foster, OSS Far Eastern and Indonesian section
• Maurice Halperin, chief of the Latin American Division of OSS Research and Analysis
• Hans Hirschfeld, OSS consultant on Germany
• Bella Joseph, motion picture section of OSS
• Julius Joseph, OSS Far Eastern section
• Duncan Lee, counsel to General Donovan and the OSS's Japanese intelligence section
• Julia Older, Office of Strategic Services; Office of War Infornation
• Helen Tenney, OSS Spanish section
• Donald Wheeler, OSS Research and Analysis
• Thomas Babin, OSS section working with Yugoslav resistance
• Philip Keeney, OSS librarian
• Leonard Mins, Russian section of OSS Research and Analysis
• Franz Leopold Neumann
• Linn Farish
• John Scott
• George Vuchinich, OSS
• Koji Ariyoshi

• Max Bedacht
• Valentine (William G.) Burtan
• Haakon Chevalier
• Gerhard Eisler
• Mark Gayn, journalist, The Washington Post; Amerasia case [6]
• Ben-Zion Goldberg (Benjamin Waife), journalist, contributor to Toronto Star, Saint Louis Dispatch, New York Post, Today, and New Republic [7]
• Grace Granich, [8]
• Theodore Hall, physicist who supplied information from Los Alamos during WWII, a NYC walk-in
• Armand Hammer
• Ferdinand Heller
• Lester Huettig, Remington Arms
• Philip Jaffe
• V. J. Jerome
• Leon Josephson
• Albert Kahn
• Vladimir Kazakevich, instructor at a wartime U.S. Army school
• Tyler Kent, U.S. Army code clerk
• Maurice Kowan, MD
• Avram Landy
• Emmanuel Larsen, United States Department of State
• Philip Levy
• Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz, Berkeley Radiation Laboratory
• Jay Lovestone
• James Lewis Marcus

• Alan Nunn May, physicist who supplied information about the British and American atomic bomb research to the Soviet Union
• Bruce Minton, editor of the New Masses
• Kate Mitchell

Mocase

• Jack Soble

• Myra Soble
• Jacob Albam
• Boris Morros
• Alfred Stern
• George Zlatovski (George Zlatkowski), United States Army intelligence officer [9]
• Jane Zlatovski

• Will Morgan
• Miriam Moskowitz
• Steve Nelson
• Joe North, editor of the New Masses
• Alexander Orlov KGB advisor to the Republican government during the Spanish Civil War who defected to the United States in 1938. [10]
• Mildred Price, sister of Mary Price, leader of China Aid Council

Rosenberg ring

• • • Julius Rosenberg

• Ethel Rosenberg
• Joel Barr, United States Army Signal Corps laboratories
• Abraham Brothman
• Max Elitcher
• Klaus Fuchs, physicist who supplied information about the British and American atomic bomb research to the Soviet Union
• Vivian Glassman
• Harry Gold
• David Greenglass
• Ruth Greenglass
• William Perl
• Morton Sobell
• Al Sarant, United States Army Signal Corps laboratories at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey during WWII
• Michel Sidorovrich
• Anne Sidorovrich

• Simon Rosenberg
• Andrew Roth, Office of Naval Intelligence liaison officer with United States Department of State [11]
• Hafis Salich, Office of Naval Intelligence
• Saville Sax college friend of Theodore Hall assisted with Hall's disclosure to the Soviets of Los Alamos research and development
• Helen Levi Simon, columnist for the Daily Worker
• Alfred Slack
• Ruby Weil
• Abraham Weinstein
• Bill Weisband, United States Army Signals Security Agency

DC Rezidentura

• • Konstantin Mihajlovich Kukin (1937 -1940)

• Vasily Zubilin ( - 1944) DC Rezident
• Stepan Apresyan (1944 - ) DC Rezident
• Anatoly Gromov (1944 -1947) DC Rezident
• Grigory G. Dolbin (1946 - ) DC Rezident

• • Vasily Dolgov, DC
  • Vasily Mironov, DC

SF Rezidentura

• Grigory Kheifets, SF Rezident
  • Grigory Kasparov

• • Mikhail Gorin, head of the Los Angeles Intourist office 1939

• • • Louise Bransten
    • Martin Kamen, Radiation Laboratory at the University of California Berkeley, Manhattan Project
    • Joseph W. Weinberg, Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley

Ottawa Rezidentura

• • Vladimir Pavlov, (Vitaly Pavlov) Canada (1939 - 1942)

Mexico City Rezidentura

• Lev Vasilevsky (Leon Tarasov) Mexico City Illegal Rezident [12]

South America

• Joseph Romualdovich Grigulevich, Illegal Rezident

KGB Illegal Rezidentura

• Valentin Markin Illegal NY Rezident ( - August 1934?)

• Boris Bazarov Illegal NY Rezident (1934 - ) [13]

• Yevgeny Petrovich Mitskevich Illegal Rezident (1937)

• Iskhak Akhmerov Illegal NY Rezident (1942 - 1945)

• • Michael Straight (1935 - ), speechwriter for President Franklin Roosevelt; United States Department of the Interior; United States Department of State

Redhead group

• Boris Bazarov
  • Hede Massing, (c.1925 - 1948)

• Paul Massing, scientist at Columbia University’s Institute of Social Research. Defected
• Oscar Bernstein, lawyer, used for organizing covers for our workers in the U.S
• Laurence Duggan (aka 19th), former employee of the State Department. Suicide.
• Gerta Frankfurter
• Franz Leopold Neumann, former consultant in the Department of Research and Analysis of the OSS
• E. Y. Zarubina

• • Nicholas Fisher
  • Maria Fisher

• • Peter Gutzeit Officer

GRU

• • • Yotoku Miyagi
    • Juliet Poyntz ( - 1938)
    • Arthur Gerald Steinberg, United States Office of Scientific Research and Development; worked for a Canadian GRU network

• • Arnold Ikal ( - 1937) (Donald L. Robinson), (Adolph A. Rubens)

GRU Rezidentura

• Boris Nikolayevich Rodin (1939 -1945)

• Pavel Melkishev (Pavel Mikhailov) (1941 – 1945) NY Rezident [14]

GRU San Francisco Rezidentura

• Peter Ivanov

• • • Theodore Bayer
    • Robinson Bobrow
    • Nicholas Dozenberg
    • George Charles Eltenton, chemist with Shell Oil in California, Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians
    • Albert Feierabend
    • Felix Inslerman
    • Arvid Jacobson
    • William Kruse
    • Leonard Mins, Russian Section of the Research and Analysis Division of the Office of Strategic Services
    • Robert Osman, U.S. Army
    • Simon Rosenberg
    • Milton Schwartz
    • William Spiegel
    • Joseph Stenbuck
    • Irving Charles Velson, Brooklyn Navy Yard; American Labor Party candidate for New York State Senate
    • Daniel Zaret, United States Army Explosives Division

GRU Illegals

• • Moishe Stern, Officer
    • Boris Devyatkin

• • Alfred Tilton, Officer
  • Ignacy Witczak, Officer

• Aleksandr Ulanovsky Illegal Rezident (August 1934 - 1936)
  • Nadezhda Ulanovsky wife, Officer ( - 1936)

• Boris Bykov (Boris Yakovlevich Bukov), Illegal Rezident (1936 - 1939)

• • Arthur Adams (1938 -1945) Officer
    • Eric Bernay, head of Keynote Recording Company
    • John Hitchcock Chapin, Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory
    • Julius Heiman
    • Clarence Hiskey, Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory
    • Victoria Singer Stone

Karl group

• J. Peters

• Whittaker Chambers (1932 - 1938)

• Harry Azizov
• David Carpenter (David Zimmerman)
• Noel Field, United States Department of State
• Harold Glasser, Director, Division of Monetary Research, United States Department of the Treasury; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration; War Production Board; Advisor on North African Affairs Committee; United States Treasury Representative to the Allied High Commission in Italy
• Alger Hiss, United States Department of State
• Donald Hiss, United States Department of State; United States Department of Labor; United States Department of the Interior
• Lester Hubsch, Frankford Arsenal
• Felix Inslerman
• Charles Kramer, Senate Subcommittee on War Mobilization; Office of Price Administration; National Labor Relations Board; Senate Subcommittee on Wartime Health and Education; Agricultural Adjustment Administration; Senate Civil Liberties Subcommittee, Senate Committee on Education and Labor; Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee
• Peter MacLean, reporter and photojournalist
• Victor Perlo
• Ward Pigman, National Bureau of Standards; Labor and Public Welfare Committee
• Lee Pressman, Department of Agriculture; Works Progress Administration; General Counsel Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
• Vincent Reno, mathematician at United States Army Aberdeen Proving Ground
• Harry Rosenthal
• Viktor Vasilevish Sveshchnikov, United States War Department
• George Silverman, Director of the Bureau of Research and Information Services, US Railroad Retirement Board; Economic Adviser and Chief of Analysis and Plans, Assistant Chief of Air Staff, Material and Services, War Department
• Julian Wadleigh, United States Department of State
• Harry Dexter White, United States Department of Treasury

• Leonard Cohen, attorney United States Department of the Interior
• Willaim Crane (1932 - 1937), reporter, Wall Street Journal

• Grace Hutchins
• Maxim Lieber, literary agent
• Irving Lerner, Motion Picture Division, Office of War Information
• Sam Novick, head of Electronics Corporation of America
• John Loomis Sherman
• Lydia Stahl
• Robert Gordon Switz ([15][16]?)
• Joshua Tamer

Naval GRU

• • Eugene Franklin Coleman, RCA electrical engineer
  • Jack Fahy (Naval GRU), Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs; Board of Economic Warfare; United States Department of the Interior
  • Edna Patterson Naval GRU, served in US August 1943 to 1956

Lines

I-line

- informational line

• Josef Peters

P-line

- political line

X-line

- atomic or scientific-technical line

• • Semyon Semenov (1938 - 1944) NY
  • Leonid Kvasnikov (1943 - 1945) NY
  • Anatoli Yatskov (1941 - )
  • Harry Azizov

See also

• Subversive Activities Control Board
• Attorney General's List
• List of Americans in the Venona papers

References

• National Security Agency Archives Cryptographic Museum, Custodian of Documents for the Army Signals Intelligence Agency.
• KGB Archives, Gorsky Memo: Translation of KGB file 43173 vol. 2 (v) pp. 46–55. [17]
• Elizabeth Bentley deposition, 30 November 1945, FBI file 65-14603 (pgs. 2 - 108, pdf).
• Hoover to Frederick B. Lyon, 24 September 1945, Central Intelligence Agency, Igor Gouzenko file. [18]
• Anonymous letter to Hoover, undated [received 7 August 1943], National Security Agency Venona Collection, 54-001, box D046 [Russian original with English translation]. [19]
• "Underground Espionage Agent", Adolf Berle's Notes on his Meeting with Whittaker Chambers, Sept. 2, 1939. [20]
• FBI Headquarters File 100-63, Louis Francis Budenz, Internal Security—C, Serial 122. [21]

External links

• SVR, History of personal (In Russian).