Essay: Cultural characteristics of the most productive and prosperous countries per capita

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"Do you see a man skillful in his work? He will stand before kings; he will not stand before obscure men.' - King Solomon (Proverbs 22:29)

Question: In terms of labor productivity, innovation and economic prosperity, are some cultures better than others?

Second question: Are some cultures better than others?

Consider:

High-income countries are rarely authoritarian countries in our technological age driven by innovation

Why the USA's per capita income is MUCH higher than Russia's and China's

The U.S. Share of the Global Economy Over Time. USA's percentage of the world's population. USA's nonfarm labor productivity rate

"The United States remains an economic powerhouse, accounting for 26 percent of global GDP, the same as during the “unipolar moment” of the early 1990s." - Michael Beckley, January/February, 2025. [1]

"USA has been about 25% of global GDP since 1880. And the USA is about 50% of defense spending. Europe is 7% of the global population 14.7% global GDP and recently almost 50% of world social spending (Europeans could have high social spending due to the US security guarantees). The USA has a great innovation center in Silicon Valley and is an energy superpower." - The world in flux and Trump’s role in a new equilibrium - Stephen Kotkin Lecture - Apr 25, 2025

"The U.S. population is currently about 4.22% of the total world population. Specifically, the U.S. population is estimated to be around 347,275,807 people, while the total world population is estimated to be around 8.2 billion. "[2]

"In 2025, the United States contributes approximately 26.11% to the world's GDP. This figure represents the US's share of the total global economic output."[3]



The U.S. Share of the Global Economy Over Time


USA: Nonfarm Business Sector: Labor Productivity (Output per Hour) for All Workers[1]

Communist China’s quixotic quest to innovate: A statist economy can’t make creativity greatly blossom

See also: Communist China’s quixotic quest to innovate: A statist economy can’t make creativity greatly blossom

Consider:

2025: "The United States’ lead in global innovation further strengthens its structural power. U.S. firms generate over 50 percent of the world’s high-tech profits, whereas China captures only six percent. This innovation edge positions U.S. companies at critical points in supply chains, enabling Washington to twist production networks, as demonstrated by its coordination of multinational semiconductor restrictions on China." - Michael Beckley, Associate Professor of Political Science at Tufts University, See: A long, hard look at America’s strengths and weaknesses as Trump comes in again. Well worth a read.[2]

In 2025, the United States has 4.2% of the world's population and China has 17.3% of the world's population.[3][4] And yet as can be seen above, U.S. firms generate over 50 percent of the world’s high-tech profits, whereas China captures only six percent.

For more information, please see: Communist China’s quixotic quest to innovate: A statist economy can’t make creativity greatly blossom

Culture as a causal agent of prosperity

See also: Social trust and Family and Achievement orientation and Virtue

Articles:

Christianity and culture:

Capitalism:

Cultural characteristics of the most productive countries

See also: Education and Infrastructure and Business and Innovation and Economics and Capital and Capitalism and Management and Technology and Labor productivity

The "most productive countries typically have a well-educated workforce, robust infrastructure, a favorable business environment, high levels of innovation, efficient resource allocation, strong technological adoption, and a focus on research and development, allowing them to generate more economic value per hour worked by their labor force."[5]

Cultural characteristics of the most prosperous countries per capita

GDP per capita factors

Factors related to economic growth

Specific cultural characteristics of the most productive countries per capita

Please see: List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita and List of sovereign states by research and development spending

Pareto principle and the world's wealthiest regions: Pareto principle and share of world GNP

Liechtenstein:

Austrian/French/German influences, business-oriented, Roman Catholic, low debt as a nation, into the arts/music (Creativity/Openness), low television watching

Austrian culture: The Untold Story of Vienna’s Global Influence. Catholic. The values of cooperation (See: Agreeableness/harmony), politeness, formality, gemütlichkeit (warmth or happiness), neutrality/peacefulness, conservative/moderateness, artistry (Openness/creativity), privacy, directness and practicality (See: Austrian core concepts and An introduction to Austrian people).

French culture: Liberty, equality (All citizens have the same rights and obligations), fraternity, intellectualism, formality, courtesy, individualism, and artistry (openness/creativity). See: French core values. See also: Why I’m Bullish on France, and French Tech and I’m bullish about France, but few agree, 2024

German culture: Efficiency, punctuality (See: Time management), order and organization, family, community, strive for perfection/excellence/precision, critical thinking and practicality (See: German core values).

Singapore City.

Luxembourg:

Roman Catholic, Openness (multilingual and multicultural country), pro-European, cautious, and rich cultural history in music/painting/photography

Monaco:

Tourism and banking. Low income/business taxes. Roman Catholic.

Singapore:

Core British values: Democracy, rule of law, stoicism, diligence, class, respect, tolerance, individual liberty, politeness, reserved, fairness, regional diversity (tolerance) and humor (See: British core values).

Switzerland: Switzerland is 32% Catholic and 20% Swiss Protestantism in 2022.

Punctuatual (Time management and reliability), openness, commitment to quality and excellence, sense of community and civic responsibility and balanced view of life (See: The Swiss Character: How Are Swiss People?. German, French and Italian influences.

The flag of the United States

Italian core values: Italian core values

USA:

Openness/creativity/innovation, business orientation and freedom. Church attendance much higher than Russia's and Europe's. See: Christianity and social stability

British influence. Germanic cultural influence in much of the country. Irish and Italian cultural influence in the Northeast. Japanese cultural influence in Hawaii. Western civilization cultural influence (Christianity, Roman/Greek, Enlightenment). See also: American culture

Ireland:

Core cultural tradition: Strong family values, Christian influence, sense of community, wit, modesty/humility, ingenuity/resourcefulness/creativity, patriotism, warmth, mateship, love of storytelling and an appreciation for tradition (See: Core Irish cultural concepts and Cultural of Ireland)

Norway:

Highly developed mixed economy. Oil wealth. Openness. Strong sense of community. Freedom. Equality under the law. High civic engagement. Humility. Respect. Tolerance. Love of nature.

Norweigan cultural values

Nordic values: The Nordic countries share values such as openness, trust, innovation, sustainability, and humanity. See: Nordic values

In Norwegian business culture, some values include:

  • Flat structures
  • Cooperation
  • Informal and quick communication
  • Trust among people
  • Balance of work and private life
  • Punctuality and honesty
Flag of Bermuda

Bermuda:

  • British/Caribbean/Portuguese/African/Native American/American cultural influences. Protestant/Christian influence.

Cayman Islands:

British Influence, tourism and financial services.

Isle of Man:

Irish influence. Low-tax economy with insurance, information and communications technology (ICT), and offshore banking forming key sectors of the island's economy (See: Economy of the Isle of Man).

Some cultural characteristics of some high-income countries compared

Why is Denmark rich despite its high taxes?

Flag of Denmark

Why is Denmark rich?: "Denmark's wealth is attributed to a combination of factors, including a strong, diversified export-oriented economy, a highly skilled and productive workforce, and a well-functioning welfare state that fosters social cohesion and trust. While Denmark has limited natural resources, it has excelled in high-value-added industries like pharmaceuticals, renewable energy, and shipping, and has a robust service sector."

Articles/videos:

  • Denmark Should Not be Rich, Video (How does tiny, cold Denmark defy the odds to become one of the richest nations? Despite sky-high taxes and a lack of oil wealth, it boasts free education, universal healthcare, and global giants like Novo Nordisk. Unpack the Nordic model, flexicurity, and explore why high taxes haven’t crushed growth. Is Denmark’s dream sustainable?)

Labor productivity by country in 2024

See also: The USA has one of the highest labor productivity rates in the world - significantly higher than both China and Russia

According to Yahoo Finance: "Efficiency in production, also coined as productivity, is one of the major driving forces behind economic resilience in a country... The United States has one of the strongest economies in the world. The country hosts some of the largest companies in the world, which contributes to the high GDP per capita in the country. In 2022, the United States recorded a GDP per capita of $76,399."[6]

Investopedia says about the importance of labor productivity to an economy, "Labor productivity is largely driven by investment in capital, technological progress, and human capital development. Labor productivity is directly linked to improved standards of living in the form of higher consumption. As an economy's labor productivity grows, it produces more goods and services for the same amount of relative work. This increase in output makes it possible to consume more of the goods and services for an increasingly reasonable price."[7]

In terms of the quality of its labor, compared to many countries the U.S. labor market is high. See: America’s Labor Productivity Sets it Apart, TD Bank April 2024

Investopedia says about the importance of labor productivity to an economy, "Labor productivity is largely driven by investment in capital, technological progress, and human capital development. Labor productivity is directly linked to improved standards of living in the form of higher consumption."[8]

According to Yahoo Finance: "According to Yahoo Finance: "Efficiency in production, also coined as productivity, is one of the major driving forces behind economic resilience in a country."[9]

The world map above gives the labor productivity rate by country in 2024.[10]

See also: The USA has one of the highest labor productivity rates in the world - significantly higher than both China and Russia
Want to be more productive at work? Smile more often! [11]

And if you want to be more productive at work, whistle while you work and think some happy thoughts during the workday.[12]

"For as he thinketh in his heart, so is he..." - Proverbs 23:7.

If you think you are happy and think happy thoughts during the workday, you might find that you are happier and more productive at work![13]

Christianity and its beneficial effects on society and on individuals

See also: Bible reading and human flourishing and Christianity and social stability

Jesus Christ and his apostles taught a gospel of love.[14] For example, the New Testament teaches that a husband is to love his wife as Christ loved the church (Ephesians 5:25).

Historical and scientific evidence show that Bible reading has greatly increased human flourishing (See: Bible reading and human flourishing).

In his article The Triumph of the Gospel of Love, Monk Themistocles (Adamopoulo) wrote:

It is generally agreed by scholars and saints that the teaching of "love" and charity represent one of the essential dimensions of the Gospel of Jesus and the Gospel of Paul. Accordingly, from the extant words and parables of Jesus many concern themselves with the message of love. For example on the Sunday of Meat Fare, from the Gospel of Matthew, we hear Jesus identifying Himself and in solidarity with the destitute, the suffering, the rejected and the oppressed, calling for and rewarding altruistic philanthropy:

"... I was hungry and you fed me, when I was thirsty you gave me drink, when I was a stranger you took me in, when naked you clothed me, when I was ill you came to my help, when in prison you visited me ... I tell you this anything you did for one of my brothers here, however humble, you did it for me." (Matt 25:35-36, 40)...

Christians undertook a great deal of almsgiving to the poor not only to fellow believers but to pagans as well. So amazed was the anti-Christian pagan emperor Julian the Apostate (361-363 AD), with the sheer benevolence and excellence of Christian philanthropy that he was forced to admit in wonder their superiority over paganism in matters of charity:

"These godless Galileans (ie. Christians) feed not only their own poor but ours: our poor lack our care" (Ep. Sozom. 5:16).[15]

Philippians 2:1-2 declares, “If you have any encouragement from being united with Christ, if any comfort from his love, if any fellowship with the Spirit, if any tenderness and compassion, then make my joy complete by being like-minded, having the same love, being one in spirit and purpose.”

1 John 1:6-7 says, “If we say that we have fellowship with Him, and walk in darkness, we lie and do not practice the truth. But if we walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus Christ His Son cleanses us from all sin.”[16]

In December 2003, the University of Warwick reported: "Dr. Stephen Joseph, from the University of Warwick, said: "Religious people seem to have a greater purpose in life, which is why they are happier. Looking at the research evidence, it seems that those who celebrate the Christian meaning of Christmas are on the whole likely to be happier."[17]

The ex-atheist C.S. Lewis became a Christian and wrote a book entitled Surprised by Joy.[18]

St. Basil of Caesarea founded the first hospital. Christian hospitals subsequently spread quickly throughout both the East and the West.[19] See: Christianity and hospitals

St. Basil of Caesarea founded the first hospital. Christian hospitals subsequently spread quickly throughout both the East and the West.[20]

The First Council of Nicaea in 325 A.D. ordered the construction of a hospital for every cathedral town in the Roman Empire to care for the poor, sick, widows, and strangers. They were staffed and funded by religious orders and volunteers.[21]

The article "The Surprising Discovery About Those Colonialist, Proselytizing Missionaries" published in Christianity Today notes:

In his fifth year of graduate school, Woodberry created a statistical model that could test the connection between missionary work and the health of nations. He and a few research assistants spent two years coding data and refining their methods. They hoped to compute the lasting effect of missionaries, on average, worldwide...

One morning, in a windowless, dusty computer lab lit by fluorescent bulbs, Woodberry ran the first big test. After he finished prepping the statistical program on his computer, he clicked "Enter" and then leaned forward to read the results.

"I was shocked," says Woodberry. "It was like an atomic bomb. The impact of missions on global democracy was huge. I kept adding variables to the model—factors that people had been studying and writing about for the past 40 years—and they all got wiped out. It was amazing. I knew, then, I was on to something really important."

Woodberry already had historical proof that missionaries had educated women and the poor, promoted widespread printing, led nationalist movements that empowered ordinary citizens, and fueled other key elements of democracy. Now the statistics were backing it up: Missionaries weren't just part of the picture. They were central to it...

Areas where Protestant missionaries had a significant presence in the past are on average more economically developed today, with comparatively better health, lower infant mortality, lower corruption, greater literacy, higher educational attainment (especially for women), and more robust membership in nongovernmental associations.

In short: Want a blossoming democracy today? The solution is simple—if you have a time machine: Send a 19th-century missionary."

...at a conference presentation in 2002, Woodberry got a break. In the room sat Charles Harper Jr., then a vice president at the John Templeton Foundation, which was actively funding research on religion and social change. (Its grant recipients have included Christianity Today.) Three years later, Woodberry received half a million dollars from the foundation's Spiritual Capital Project, hired almost 50 research assistants, and set up a huge database project at the University of Texas, where he had taken a position in the sociology department. The team spent years amassing more statistical data and doing more historical analyses, further confirming his theory.

...Woodberry's historical and statistical work has finally captured glowing attention. A summation of his 14 years of research—published in 2012 in the American Political Science Review, the discipline's top journal—has won four major awards, including the prestigious Luebbert Article Award for best article in comparative politics. Its startling title: "The Missionary Roots of Liberal Democracy."

...over a dozen studies have confirmed Woodberry's findings. The growing body of research is beginning to change the way scholars, aid workers, and economists think about democracy and development.[22]

David Beidel wrote in his article The Bloodless Revolution: What We Need to Learn from John Wesley and the Great Awakening

In the 18th Century, most of Europe was on fire. Bloody civil wars and revolutions were decimating nation after nation. Unrestrained injustice, government and Church corruption, slave trade and the oppression of the poor created a powder keg for violence. Miraculously, Great Britain escaped the horrors of civil war and the brutal savagery that revolutionary anarchy engenders.

Few ancient monarchies are still in place today. The mystery of the UK’s capacity to honor the old guard, while raising up a more democratic system without a revolution, is a sociological wonder. Many credit the Great Awakening, in particular the Methodist movement, launched by John Wesley, for this extraordinary and peaceful transition.

Methodism unleashed an army of “little Christ’s” all over Europe. They cared for the poor, took in unwanted and abused children, fought unjust laws and labor conditions, visited prisoners, and battled against slavery; They joined hands with the Apostles and “turned the world upside down.” Eventually compassion became fashionable...

America is in desperate need of a Christ-infused revolution of compassion. We are a land of churches, who are well positioned to hear and answer the cries of our struggling communities. If a critical mass of congregations committed themselves to radically sharing the Gospel and passionately serving under-resourced/at-risk communities, we will see peace powerfully rise in these times of trouble. This will also enable, as in the days of John Wesley, wise reformation to take place because the true Christian Church is theologically hardwired to bring about peaceful, meaningful change that benefits all. I have written much about this in my book, Samaria, The Great Omission, and treasure every opportunity to strategize with churches who have a heart to minister in this way.

Let us stand in the gap as cultural/community peacemakers and healers in this season of sorrow and division. May our magnificent obsession be Jesus, the everlasting, ever loving, rescuer of the oppressed and Father of all.[23]

The Catholic areas of Liechtenstein, Luxembourg and Monaco are among the top geographic areas when it comes to the most productive countries per capita income. The wealthy country of Switzerland is 32% Catholic and 20% Swiss Protestantism in 2022 (See: Cultural characteristics of the most productive countries per capita)

Countries with the lowest divorce rates in the world and Christianity.png


The Harvard University historian Niall Ferguson declared: "Through a mixture of hard work and thrift the Protestant societies of the North and West Atlantic achieved the most rapid economic growth in history."[24]

The Harvard University historian Niall Ferguson declared: "Through a mixture of hard work and thrift the Protestant societies of the North and West Atlantic achieved the most rapid economic growth in history."[25]

Why the USA's per capita income is much higher than China's and Russia's



The United States will likely be the strongest country for the foreseeable future and this is is due to the strengths of the USA and partly due to the weaknesses of China and Russia.

See: The United States will be the leading power in the world for the foreseeable future

Israel GNI per capita (PPP) and other stats

The Israeli flag

Israel:

  • 2023: Ranked #34 in the world for GNI per capita (PPP): $53,434[4]
  • In the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2024, Israel ranked 15th out of 133 economies.[5]
  • Fertility rate: 2.89 births per woman in 2022. 2.1 births per woman is considered to be a replacement level of births.
  • Entrepreneurial activity: Business startups - Israel is known as the "start-up nation" and has a large number of startups per capita. Israel has a thriving venture capital market.[6]
  • In 2023, Israel's military spending was 5.3% of its gross domestic product (GDP).
  • Israel cultural characteristics

What are the good and bad personality traits of Israelis?

Israel high-tech and R & D per capita by country ranking

"Israel is a global leader in high-tech, with a strong research and development (R&D) sector, a large number of startups, and a skilled workforce. Israel's high-tech sector is a major contributor to the country's economy, generating more than half of its exports.

R&D: Israel is second in the world for R&D per capita."[7]

See also:

See also

External links

References

  1. USA: Nonfarm Business Sector: Labor Productivity (Output per Hour) for All Workers
  2. The Strange Triumph of a Broken America by Michael Beckley, Foreign Affairs, January/February 2025, Published on January 7, 2025
  3. What percent of the world population does the United States have?
  4. What percent of the world population does China have?
  5. What are the characteristics of the most productive countries?
  6. 25 Most Productive Countries Per Capita, Yahoo Finance
  7. Labor Productivity: What It Is, How to Calculate & Improve It, Investopedia
  8. Labor Productivity: What It Is, How to Calculate & Improve It, Investopedia
  9. 25 Most Productive Countries Per Capita, Yahoo Finance
  10. Most Productive Countries 2024
  11. Research shows happiness is the new performance indicator. This is how managers can support it
  12. Research shows happiness is the new performance indicator. This is how managers can support it
  13. Research shows happiness is the new performance indicator. This is how managers can support it
  14. The Triumph of the Gospel of Love by Monk Themistocles (Adamopoulo)
  15. The Triumph of the Gospel of Love by Monk Themistocles (Adamopoulo)
  16. What is koinonia?
  17. University of Warwick (December 2003). "Psychology researcher [Dr. Stephen Joseph] says spiritual meaning of Christmas brings more happiness than materialism". Scienceblog. Retrieved on July 24, 2014.
  18. Suprised by Joy, C.S. Lewis Documentary
  19. The Christian origin of hospitals
  20. The Christian origin of hospitals
  21. Hospitals - A historical perspective
  22. Christianity Today, "The surprising discovery about those colonialist, proselytizing missionaries", January 8, 2014
  23. The Bloodless Revolution: What We Need to Learn from John Wesley and the Great Awakening by David Beidel
  24. The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012
  25. The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012