Stephen Johnson Field (November 4, 1816 - April 9, 1899) was an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States for 34 years, 9 months.[1] President Abraham Lincoln appointed him to the Supreme Court in 1863 for his expertise in Mexican land law, which under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo remained in effect in California, and to the U.S. Supreme Court for his pro-Union (Civil War) stance.[2]
He was a conservative justice - a prime advocate of the substantive due process theory - which at the time was used to protect property rights, though in a modern sense has been used by liberals as justification for the "privacy right" on which cases such as Griswold v. Connecticut, Roe v. Wade and Casey v. Planned Parenthood are based.[2][3] He dissented in the Slaughter-House Cases, which upheld a Louisiana law that allowed for a monopoly, and also from Munn v. Illinois, in which the majoriy affirmed that Illinois had the right to fix maximum storage rates charged by grain elevators and public warehouses.[2] Later, the rest of the Court would adopt Field's pro-free enterprise attitude.[2][4]
References
- ↑ Stephen J Field (English). Oyez. Chicago-Kent School of Law.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Stephen Johnson Field (English). law.jrank.
- ↑ Substantive Due Process (English). Stanford.
- ↑ Stephen Johnson Field (English). PBS.
The U.S. Supreme Court
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| Chief Justice Roger B. Taney's Court (1836–1864)
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| Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase's Court (1864–1873)
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| Chief Justice Morrison Waite's Court (1874–1888)
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| Chief Justice Melville Fuller's Court (1888–1910)
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| 1888–1889 |
Samuel F. Miller | Stephen Johnson Field | Joseph P. Bradley | John Harlan I | Stanley Matthews | Horace Gray | Samuel Blatchford | Lucius Q.C. Lamar II
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| 1890–1891 |
Stephen Johnson Field | Joseph P. Bradley | John Harlan I | Horace Gray | Samuel Blatchford | Lucius Q.C. Lamar II | David Brewer
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| 1891–1892 |
Stephen Johnson Field | Joseph P. Bradley | John Harlan I | Horace Gray | Samuel Blatchford | Lucius Q.C. Lamar II | David Brewer | Henry B. Brown
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| 1892–1893 |
Stephen Johnson Field | John Harlan I | Horace Gray | Samuel Blatchford | Lucius Q.C. Lamar II | David Brewer | Henry B. Brown | George Shiras, Jr.
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| 1893 |
Stephen Johnson Field | John Harlan I | Horace Gray | Samuel Blatchford | David Brewer | Henry B. Brown | George Shiras, Jr. | Howell E. Jackson
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| 1894–1895 |
Stephen Johnson Field | John Harlan I | Horace Gray | David Brewer | Henry B. Brown | George Shiras, Jr. | Howell E. Jackson | Edward D. White
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| 1896–1897 |
Stephen Johnson Field | John Harlan I | Horace Gray | David Brewer | Henry B. Brown | George Shiras, Jr. | Edward D. White | Rufus W. Peckham
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| 1898–1902 |
John Harlan I | Horace Gray | David Brewer | Henry B. Brown | George Shiras, Jr. | Edward D. White | Rufus W. Peckham | Joseph McKenna
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| 1902–1903 |
John Harlan I | David Brewer | Henry B. Brown | George Shiras, Jr. | Edward D. White | Rufus W. Peckham | Joseph McKenna | Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
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| 1903–1906 |
John Harlan I | David Brewer | Henry B. Brown | Edward D. White | Rufus W. Peckham | Joseph McKenna | Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. | William R. Day
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| 1906–1909 |
John Harlan I | David Brewer | Edward D. White | Rufus W. Peckham | Joseph McKenna | Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. | William R. Day | William Henry Moody
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| Jan–Mar 1910 |
John Harlan I | David Brewer | Edward D. White | Joseph McKenna | Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. | William R. Day | William Henry Moody | Horace Lurton
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| Mar–Jul 1910 |
John Harlan I | Edward D. White | Joseph McKenna | Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. | William R. Day | William Henry Moody | Horace Lurton
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