Bible

The Holy Bible, opened to the Book of Isaiah.

{{Bible}

The Bible is the biggest-selling book in history, a testament to its timeless and compelling message. In addition, the Bible has had an immense, positive influence on literature, culture, and history.

Jesus Christ himself may have authored the perfectly written Epistle to the Hebrews, which was composed in magnificent Greek and which discloses information that could have been known only to Jesus.

Most Christians, Protestant and Catholic, agree on the 27 books of the New Testament, and while the Old Testament of the Orthodox Bible includes 50 books, for a total of 77, and the Old Testament of the Catholic Bible includes 46 books, for a total of 73, the Protestant Bible includes only the 39 books of the Old Testament which entirely correspond to the 24 books of the Hebrew canon of the Jews, for a total of 66. The English King James Versiong ergergergewrgerof the Protestant Bible has 593,493 words in the Old Testament and 181,253 words in the New Testament.

==name=%253D The word "Bible" had its origins in an ancient Phoenician seaport called Byblos, which was so-named as a result of the trade and manufacture of writing material based on the papyrus or byblos reed, used extensively in antiquity for making scrolls and books. The [[Greek |17 Ruth |Esther |- |18 Lamentations |Job |- |19 Ecclesiastes |Psalms |- |20 Esther |Proverbs |- |21 Daniel |Ecclesiastes |- |22/23 Ezra (with Nehemiah) |Song of Solomon |- |24 Chronicles |Isaiahrge |eergerg |Jeremiah |- | |Lamentations |- | |Ezekiel |- | |Daniel |- | |The Minor Prophets |- !colspan="2" align="center" style="color: black; height: 30px; background: tan no-repeat scroll top left;"|Dates of each Book |- !align ="center" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: navy no-repeat scroll top left;"|Protestant Old Testament !align ="center" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: navy no-repeat scroll top left;"|New Testament |- |Genesis, 1440-1400 B.C. |Matthew, A.D. 60-65 |- |Exodus, 1440-1400 B.C. |Mark, A.D. 60-65 |- |Leviticus, 1440-1400 B.C. |Luke, A.D. 58-65 |- |Numbers, 1440-1400 B.C. |John, A.D. 95 |- |Deuteronomy, 1440-1400 B.C. |Acts, A.D. 58-65 |- |Joshua, 1400-1360 B.C. |Romans, A.D. 58 |- |Judges, c. 1020 B.C. |1st Corinthians, A.D. 57 |- |Ruth, c. 1090 B.C. |2nd Corinthians, A.D. 57 |- |1st Samuel, c. 931–722/21 B.C. |Galatians, A.D. 56 |- |2nd Samuel |Ephesians, A.D. 62-63 |- |1st Kings, 609-600 B.C. |Philippians, A.D. 58-60 |- |2nd Kings, 609-600 B.C. |Colosians, A.D. 61-63 |- |1st Chronicles, c. 400 B.C. |1st Thessalonians, A.D. 52 |- |2nd Chronicles, c. 400 B.C. |2nd Thessalonians, A.D. 53 |- |Ezra, c. 400 B.C. |1st Timothy, A.D. 62-65 |- |Nehemiah, c. 400 B.C. |2nd Timothy, A.D. 65-66 |- |Esther, 464-425 B.C. |Titus, A.D. 65thrert19:25, 17 December 2015 (EST)19:25, 17 December 2015 (EST)19:25, 17 December 2015 (EST)19:25, 17 December 2015 (EST)19:25, 17 December 2015 (EST)19:25, 17 December 2015 (EST)19:25, 17 December 2015 (EST)~ |-hdrgthrdghdfg |Job, 1440-1400 B.C. |Philemon, A.D. 65 |- |Psalms, 1004-965 B.C. |Hebrews, A.D. 63-64 |- |Proverbs, 965-925 B.C. |James, A.D. 63-64 |- |Eccleisiastes, 965-925 B.C. |1st Peter, A.D. 64 |- |Song of Solomon, 965-925 B.C. |2nd Peter, A.D. 65 |- |Isaiah, 785-697 B.C. |1st John, A.D. 90-100 |- |Jeremiah, 587-538 B.C. |2nd John, A.D. 90-100 |- |Lamentations, 587-538 B.C. |3rd John, A.D. 90-100 |- |Ezekiel, 592-572 B.C. |Jude, c. A.D. 70-75 |- |Daniel, 539-520 B.C. |Revelation, A.D. 96-98 |- |Hosea, 753-731 B.C. | |- |Joel, 835-796 B.C. | |- |Amos, 787-747 B.C. | |- |Obadiah, 848-841 B.C. | |- |Jonah, 771-754 B.C. | |- |Micah, 715-687 B.C. | |- |Nahum, 661-612 B.C. | |- |Habbakuk, 625-608 B.C. | |- |Zephaniah, 621-608 B.C. | |- |Haggai, 520 B.C. | |- |Zechariah, 520 B.C. | |- |Malachi, 455 B.C. | |} The Hebrew Old Testament of the Bible, also called Tanakh, consists of twenty-four books. The books themselves were originally written in Hebrew, and later on in the Aramaic language of Palestine (the original texts of the Hebrew books of Daniel and Ezra, for example, have major portions written in Aramaic). The Greek language version written after the conquest of Alexander the Great is known as the Septuageeeeeint, and to it the Jews added more texts that they also valued for their piety, wisdom and history, most of them translated from Hebrew or Aramaic originals. By A.D. the 1st century this Septuagint collection had become the Greek Old Testament Bible of the apostles. a bishop of Sardis in Lydia (in what is now Turkey), is said to have coined the phrase Old Testament about A.D. 170. The Greek Old Testament has been a continuous part of the Christian Bible in the eastern Churches in Palestine, Greece, Turkey, and the whole of the Levant since the 1st century.

The Hebrew Old Testament is divided in three parts within the Jewish community: the Torah ("Law"), or Pentateuch, the five books of Moses; the Nevi'im ("Prophets"), and the Ketuvim ("Writings,” or Hagiographa) (abbreviated TaNaKh, hence, "Tanakh", ). Here the arrangement of the books differs somewhat from the Old Testament as used by Christians, with three of the twenty-four (Samuel, Kings, Chronicles) each being divided into two books, and Ezra being divided into Ezra and Nehemiah; however the actual writing of each book remains the same. The Christian order of the books of the Bible follows the Chronology of the events and the personages being related, according to their arrangement in the Septuagint, while in the Jewish order, though there is a chronological framework, the order follows more the importance, influence, "weight of usage" within Judaism. Thus, for orthodox Judaism, The Torah of Moses comes first (the 5 books of Moses), and is the most authoritative of all Scripture. Under the Pharasaic theory that Moses was also given the Oral law, explicating how the Written law was to be applied, at the same time as he was given the written law contained in the Bible, the Oral Law too was passed on through the generations, and was later in A.D. the 3rd century first put into writing in the Mishna (compiled by Judah haNasi ) and the Gemara (gathered by the Amoriam ) finally composing the Talmud, and is regarded as equally authoritative with the Torah of Moses. Then the Prophets come next in authority. But the category of the Hebrew Prophets for the Jews is much broader than the category of the Prophets as considered by the Christian ordering. The "Prophets" in the Tanakh includes what Christians consider "History" - such as the books of the Kings - but it also includes what Christians call the Former and the Latter, or the Major and the Minor prophets. The last in authority for every day life of the Jew, in terms of "regulation", actually form a great influence in the Synagogue worship - the Writings, with a heavy emphasis on the Psalms.

The Nevi'im ("Prophets") is the story of the rise toward, and ultimately reaching, the Hebrew monarchy; the sad period of anarchy and revolt leading to the division into the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel; and the prophets who judged the kings of both in God's name. It ends with the conquest and dissolution of the Northern Kingdom of Israel and its Assyrian exile, and then the conquest of the Kingdom of Judah, the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, and the Babylonian exile. The Minor Prophets are considered a single book in the Nevi'im; in Christianity they have been split into twelve separate books and named for their authors.

• יְהוֹשֻׁעַ Joshua
• שׁוֹפְטִים Judges
• שְׁמוּאֵל א I Samuel
• שְׁמוּאֵל ב II Samuel
• מְלָכִים א I Kings
• מְלָכִים ב II Kings
• יְשַׁעְיָהוּ Isaiah
• יִרְמְיָהוּ Jeremiah
• יְחֶזְקֵאל Ezekiel
• The Minor Prophets
  • הוֹשֵׁעַ Hosea
  • יוֹאֵל Joel
  • עָמוֹס Amos
  • עֹבַדְיָה Obadiah
  • יוֹנָה Jonah
  • מִיכָה Micah
  • נַחוּם Nahum
  • חֲבַקּוּק Habakkuk
  • צְפַנְיָה Zephaniah
  • חַגַּי Haggai
  • זְכַרְיָה Zechariah
  • מַלְאָכִי [[Malachi381932611793105118548074462379962749567351885752724891227938183011949129833673362440656643086021394946395224737190702179860943702770539217176293176752384674818467669405132000568127145263560827785771342757789609173637178721468440901224953430146549585371050792279689258923542019956112129021960864034418159813629774771309960518707211349999998372978049951059731732816096318595024459455346908302642522308253344685035261931188171010003137838752886587533208381420617177669147303598253490428755468731159562863882353787593751957781857780532171226806613001927876611195909216420198938095257201065485863278865936153381827968230301952035301852968995773622599413891249721775283479131515574857242454150695950829533116861727855889075098381754637464939319255060400927701671139009848824012858361603563707660104710181942955596198946767837449448255379774726847104047534646208046684259069491293313677028989152104752162056966024058038150193511253382430035587640247496473263914199272604269922796782354781636009341721641219924586315030286182974555706749838505494588586926995690927210797509302955321165344987202755960236480665499119881834797753566369807426542527862551818417574672890977772793800081647060016145249192173217214772350141441973568548161361157352552133475741849468438523323907394143334547762416862518983569485562099219222184272550254256887671790494601653466804988627232791786085784383827967976681454100953883786360950680064225125205117392984896084128488626945604241965285022210661186306744278622039194945047123713786960956364371917287467764657573962413890865832645995813390478027590...

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(Biblical book)|Malachi]]

Ketuvim

The Ketuvim, or "Writings," contain lyrical poetry, philosophical reflections on life, and the writings of the prophets and other Jewish leaders during the exile in Babylon.

• תְּהִלִּים Psalms
• מִשְׁלֵי Proverbs381932611793105118548074462379962749567351885752724891227938183011949129833673362440656643086021394946395224737190702179860943702770539217176293176752384674818467669405132000568127145263560827785771342757789609173637178721468440901224953430146549585371050792279689258923542019956112129021960864034418159813629774771309960518707211349999998372978049951059731732816096318595024459455346908302642522308253344685035261931188171010003137838752886587533208381420617177669147303598253490428755468731159562863882353787593751957781857780532171226806613001927876611195909216420198938095257201065485863278865936153381827968230301952035301852968995773622599413891249721775283479131515574857242454150695950829533116861727855889075098381754637464939319255060400927701671139009848824012858361603563707660104710181942955596198946767837449448255379774726847104047534646208046684259069491293313677028989152104752162056966024058038150193511253382430035587640247496473263914199272604269922796782354781636009341721641219924586315030286182974555706749838505494588586926995690927210797509302955321165344987202755960236480665499119881834797753566369807426542527862551818417574672890977772793800081647060016145249192173217214772350141441973568548161361157352552133475741849468438523323907394143334547762416862518983569485562099219222184272550254256887671790494601653466804988627232791786085784383827967976681454100953883786360950680064225125205117392984896084128488626945604241965285022210661186306744278622039194945047123713786960956364371917287467764657573962413890865832645995813390478027590...

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• אִיּוֹב Book of Job
• שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים Song of Songs, also called Song of Solomon in the Protestant Christian Bible.
• רוּת Book of Ruth
• אֵיכָה Lamentations
• קֹהֶלֶת Ecclesiastes
• אֶסְתֵּר Esther
• דָּנִיֵּאל Daniel
• עֶזְרָא Ezra, divided into the two books of עֶזְרָא Ezra and נְחֶמְיָה Nehemiah in the Christian Bible.
• דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים א and דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים ב Books of Chronicles

David has been named as the author of the Psalms; Solomon is traditionally believed to have written Song of Songs in his youth, the Proverbs in his prime, and Ecclesiastes during his old age. The prophet Jeremiah is thought to have written the aptly-named Lamentations at the beginning of the exile to Babylon. The Book of Ruth is the only biblical book that centers entirely on a non-Jew, a Moabite who married a Jew and became an ancestor of both David and Jesus Christ. Esther is unique as it is the only book in the Hebrew Tanakh not to mention God. Moses is traditionally considered to be the author of Job.

The melodies of the Old Testament

The Hebrew of the present day Old Testament is composed of the Hebrew consonants and, added on by the Masoretes at a later stage, the vowels. Along with these two elements, other signs were added which indicated the melodies that were sung along with the words or phrases. Some of the signs were positioned above the individual consonants, some below, and some to the side. Some of these melody signs were associated with others providing a musical pattern that corresponds with the opening of a thought, similar to the beginning of a sentence (ex. "merkha"), the continuation of a thought (ex. "munakh"), tying in one word with the following, as one melody flowed into the next, the "resting" or completion of a thought, much in "the same way that a comma (ex. "azla"), though not ending a sentence, makes for the "semi"-ending or minor completion of a thought, a major break in the run of thoughts ("etnachta"), though the run of thought would be resumed until the major completion ("sof pasuq"), much in the same way the a period brings to a stop and a completion as a sentence ends. Thus the musical signs in the Hebrew text also provide an interpretation of the text current to the times in which the signs were incorporated as part of the text, the Masoretic vowel-pointing excluding those former tonal readings which clearly represented Christian textual interpretations. The signs that tie one word to another providing one thought are called "conjunctive" signs and the signs that separate words and the thought of them are called "disjunctive". An example of the use of these signs to interpret the Hebrew text is the well known prophesy of the One to come. The Hebrew letters can either be understood to read "His name shall be called Wonderful counsellor of (from381932611793105118548074462379962749567351885752724891227938183011949129833673362440656643086021394946395224737190702179860943702770539217176293176752384674818467669405132000568127145263560827785771342757789609173637178721468440901224953430146549585371050792279689258923542019956112129021960864034418159813629774771309960518707211349999998372978049951059731732816096318595024459455346908302642522308253344685035261931188171010003137838752886587533208381420617177669147303598253490428755468731159562863882353787593751957781857780532171226806613001927876611195909216420198938095257201065485863278865936153381827968230301952035301852968995773622599413891249721775283479131515574857242454150695950829533116861727855889075098381754637464939319255060400927701671139009848824012858361603563707660104710181942955596198946767837449448255379774726847104047534646208046684259069491293313677028989152104752162056966024058038150193511253382430035587640247496473263914199272604269922796782354781636009341721641219924586315030286182974555706749838505494588586926995690927210797509302955321165344987202755960236480665499119881834797753566369807426542527862551818417574672890977772793800081647060016145249192173217214772350141441973568548161361157352552133475741849468438523323907394143334547762416862518983569485562099219222184272550254256887671790494601653466804988627232791786085784383827967976681454100953883786360950680064225125205117392984896084128488626945604241965285022210661186306744278622039194945047123713786960956364371917287467764657573962413890865832645995813390478027590... Pi Coffee Mug More Pi Stuff nyt News & Events: Pi Day of the Century einstein News & Events: Princeton Pi Day Party rap-music-video Videos: “Pi Rap” by Amy McConnel digits Digits: Search the Digits of Pi , sent by, representing) the mighty God", or "His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God". The melody signs (called in Hebrew "Ta'mei HaMikra) decide for the latter. After "Wonderful" there is a disjunctive, after "Counsellor" there is a disjunctive, and after "Mighty" (but adj. after the noun in Hebrew order) there is a conjunctive. It is possible to reconstruct to some extent the melody and the interpretation of the Old Testament current in the first century and therefore the melody and the interpretation used by Jesus Himself. This is because of the following: the present day melodies of the various dispersions of the Jews are to a great extent different one from the other. Some of these dispersions are the Ashkenazi, representing the Jews exiled from Israel by the Romans in A.D. 70 and then on to t111he Rhine Valley, and then onto parts of Eastern Europe, Western Europe, America, etc., the Sephardim who saw the beginnings of their dispersion from Spain in the 15th Century and then on to Greece, Turkey, North Africa. Holland, and America, the Yemenites, the Bnei Israel of India, the Jews of Ethiopia, etc. etc, Yet, with the diversity in melodies of the Scriptures, there are certain features which are e1111ither identical or strikingly similar. Musicologist, Joel Segal, pointed out over 40 years ago, that this could only have been possible if these dispersions were at one time together in the same place. The only time that all these dispersions were together in the same place was prior to the great dispersion of the first century and the fall of Jerusalem in A.D. 70.

Old Testament Apocrypha

The deuterocanoni1ulted in Palestine,1and although the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches, among others, have always included the deuterocanonical Apocrypha in 1versions of the Bible, 1them to be canonical (and they do have an actual history and literary value) the fourteen texts (10 books and 1111of 2 oth1s) which make up the whole of the Protestant Apocrypha have been rejected as non-canonical by both the Jewis1faith1111i1ce the 2nd century and by most Protestant denominations of the Christian church since the 16th century due to what, 1nes which 1ger, pg. 70). Three of the Apocrypha, 1 and 2 Esdras and Prayer of Manasseh, although part of Jerome's Vulgate, were not included among the canonical books listed at the Council of Trent and are considered by Catholics to be apocryphal works, and as not among the accepted deuterocanonicals. See Biblical Canon.

Protestants do not include Psalm 151 and 3 1s1tatus. The Catholic Church did not include them in the canon of the Council of Trent, and they do not appear in regular11

The Apocryphal books had been used in both I1s1rael and Egypt and (except the Latin 2 Esdras which was part of the Vulgate) are part of the Old Testament in the Greek language used by Jews all over the Greek speaking world - particularly Alexandria, Egypt. This version is called the Septuaginta. The Septuaginta after the 1st century fell into disuse among Jews for two reasons -

1. Greek speaking Christians were using 1the Septuaginta in their efforts to bring Jews to faith in Jesus Christ

2. A number of the Apocryphal books 1of this world's empires. This was considered dangerous and liable to provoke Rome against the Jews. 1, which was considered "loose" by the Rabbis, were adopted. These were the translations of three proselytes to Judaism, Theodosious, Aquillas, and Symmachus. The Jewish Rabbinic "Council" of Jamnia (Yavneh on the Mediterraenian coast of Israel) in A.D. 90, under the leadership of Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai, effectively excluded the Apocryphal books (along with the Septuaginta) from the Jewish Canon by requiring, for a book to be consider381932611793105118548074462379962749567351885752724891227938183011949129833673362440656643086021394946395224737190702179860943702770539217176293176752384674818467669405132000568127145263560827785771342757789609173637178721468440901224953430146549585371050792279689258923542019956112129021960864034418159813629774771309960518707211349999998372978049951059731732816096318595024459455346908302642522308253344685035261931188171010003137838752886587533208381420617177669147303598253490428755468731159562863882353787593751957781857780532171226806613001927876611195909216420198938095257201065485863278865936153381827968230301952035301852968995773622599413891249721775283479131515574857242454150695950829533116861727855889075098381754637464939319255060400927701671139009848824012858361603563707660104710181942955596198946767837449448255379774726847104047534646208046684259069491293313677028989152104752162056966024058038150193511253382430035587640247496473263914199272604269922796782354781636009341721641219924586315030286182974555706749838505494588586926995690927210797509302955321165344987202755960236480665499119881834797753566369807426542527862551818417574672890977772793800081647060016145249192173217214772350141441973568548161361157352552133475741849468438523323907394143334547762416862518983569485562099219222184272550254256887671790494601653466804988627232791786085784383827967976681454100953883786360950680064225125205117392984896084128488626945604241965285022210661186306744278622039194945047123713786960956364371917287467764657573962413890865832645995813390478027590...

Pi Coffee Mug More Pi Stuff nyt News & Events: Pi Day of the Century einstein News & Events: Princeton Pi Day Party rap-music-video Videos: “Pi Rap” by Amy McConnel digits Digits: Search the Digits of Pi 1d11r portions thereof, had been written originally in Hebrew, most notably, the Book of Ben Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) found in Hebrew at Qumran with the rest of the Dead Sea Scrolls, but this was unknown to Yohanan Ben Zakkai and the Council of Jamnia in the first century. Under the impetus of Renaissance learning, Protestant scholars went directly to the Hebrew text and began to translate the Bible directly from the original languages of Hebrew and Greek, instead of having to go through the Latin Vulgate. But they consulted the Hebrew text of the Talmudic rabbinical version of the synagogue (eventually to be called the "Masoretic text") of the canon of books that had been recommended by the Council of Jamnia and afterward consistently authorized by subsequent rabbinical authorities representing Judaism. They also disregarded the witness of the canonical listing of the books of the Christian Orthodox Greek Bible, which had not been determined by the Council of Trent under the Roman Pontiff but had always been the traditional Old Testament as read from the time of the apostles and the most ancient Christian Church. In this way, most Protestant churches came to not include the Apocryphal books in their Canon of Scripture. One of the reasons the Roman Catholic Church held to the Vulgate was because it had been translated by Jerome from the Hebrew text before the text had been revised and altered by the Masoretes, and today it is considered a valuable witness to the earlier Hebrew Bible.

"It has also proved of primary importance as an early and excellent witness to the sacred text."

—The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915)

The following are the books which are most frequently referred to by the title Apocrypha:

• 1 Esdras
• 2 Esdras
• 1 Maccabees
• 2 Maccabees
• Book of Tobit
• Book of Judith
• Book of Wisdom
• Ecclesiasticus, also known as Sirach
• Book of Baruch

• Epistle of Jeremiah is sometimes listed as separate book or the last chapter of Baruch

• Prayer of Manasseh
• Greek language additions to the Book of Esther

Additions to the book of Daniel

• The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children
• Story of Susanna
• Bel and the Dragon

With the exception of 1 and 2 Esdras and Prayer of Manasseh, the remaining 7 books and parts of Esther and Daniel listed here are regarded as apocryphal by less than a third of Christian believers. With the exception of 1 and 2 Esdras and Prayer of Manasseh, these 7 books and parts of Esther and Daniel are accepted as divinely inspired, canonical scriptures in the Holy Bible by the majority of Christian believers in the United States and throughout the world.

The problem with rabbinical authority defining the biblical canon

According to the ordinary reading of the New Testament and the consensus of the majority of Christians from the 1st century to this day, the authority of the kingdom of God had been wholly taken away from the Jews in the 1st century and given to the leaders of the Gentiles and Jews in Christ long before the Council of Jamnia. See:

Between A.D. 90-95, long after the descent of the Holy Spirit of God at Pentecost and the spread of Christianity and the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem and the devastation of the city and the expulsion of the Jews, the Jewish Council of Jamnia revised the canon of the Old Testament, by ensuring that the books involved conformed to the Torah, were written in the Hebrew language, written in Palestine, and written before 400 B.C. As a result, the Apocrypha was excluded from the Hebrew canon.

Eastern Orthodox

The Orthodox Churches throughout the world, whether Greek, Russian, Romanian, the various middle eastern varieties, emphasize the role of the synod (Council) of Bishops, based on the example of the "Council" of Jerusalem in the book of Acts, as the divinely authorized agent of interpretation and application of the Scriptures. Understanding that Jesus' words, "He (the Holy Spirit) will lead you into all truth", Orthodoxy believes that the synod of bishops, no one of whom is held to b

Translations

The Peshitta

The second translated version of the Hebrew Old Testament and the Greek New Testament (after the Greek Septuaginta) was in the Aramaic language, the Peshitta (Aram. "simple, common"). In A.D. 36, both the Queen of Adiabene (the last existing Province of that Assyrian Empire hated and feared by the Jews), known in Greek as Queen Helena (not the mother of Constantine), and known to the Jews as Queen Shlom Zion ("Peace of Zion"), and her son King Ezad 2011), pp. 272-295.</ref>

The age of Middle English (1066-1500) beginning with the Norman conquest and ending about 1500 covers the period of authorized and unauthorized Middle English Bible translations.

Heresies based on abusive use of vernacular translations

The abuse of vernacular translations of Sacred Scripture made available to the common people was a prominent feature of heresies during the roughly 400 year period from 1100 to 1500.

For example, the Albigensians (also called Cathari "the pure"), prevalent during the 12th and 13th centuries in western Europe, particularly in southern France and northern Italy, rejected the authority of Church and State. They appealed to the Scriptures as authority for their doctrines, mostly the New Testament, becathority of the office of duly appointed governors, princes and kings.

See Matthew 7:6, also 2 Corinthians 2:17 and 11:2-20, Galatians 1:6-9, Colossians 2:18-19, 2 Peter 1:20-2:3 and 3:14-17. —See also Exodus 22:27( KJV 22:28 ), [http://www.biblegatewacopies were printed and delivered to England. Official opposition led to the destruction of most of them, not because of the translation of the Biblical text itself, but because Tyndale also held and published views which were considered heretical, first by the Catholic Church, and later by the Church of England, which was established by King Henry VIII in 1536. His Bible transl

Problems with the King James Version

For a more detailed treatment, see Badger skins (Bible).

Beginning in the 17th century, the same century in

Leviticus 5:2 "if a soul touch any unclean thing...he also shall be unclean and guilty"
Leviticus 5:5-6 "he shall confess that he hath sinned"
Leviticus 11:5-8 "and their carcase shall ye not touch, they are unclean to you"
Leviticus 11:24-28 "and whatsoever goeth upon his paws...those are unclean unto you"
Leviticus 11:43-44 "Ye shall not make yourselves abominable...neither shall ye make yourselves un

King James Only

Advocates of the King James Only movement are fully persuaded that the translators of the King James Version of the Bible always chose the correct reading [interpretation] of the biblical text, under the infallible guidance of the Holy Spirit Himself, and that therefore the translation badgers' skins is the most accurate possible English translation of the Hebrew ערת תחשׁים and עור תחשׁ and תחשׁ . They declare without reservation that the King James Bible is the divinely preserved, infallible Word of God, and that it is the only and final authority on all matters of faith and morals and practice for the whole of the English-speaking world. When the seven sons of Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, did this, the evil spirit said, "Jesus I know, and Paul I know: but who are you?", and he leaped on them and beat them so badly they ran out of the house naked and bleeding.

Bible Translations

The Bible has been translated many times and in many ways so anyone, from the youngest child to the most learned scholar, can read the entire scripture in their own language and at their own reading level. Early versions in the languages of their people include the Septuagint, Syriac Peshitta and Vulgate, also the Arabic, the Coptic, and Persic Farsi. Here are some common English versions:

• American Standard Version
• Amplified Bible
• Douay-Rheims
• English Standard Version
• Good News Version
• King James Version
• Living Bible
• New American Standard Version
• New English Bible
• New International Version
• New King James Version
• Revised Standard Version
• Revised Version
• Septuagint
• Wycliffe Bible
• Conservative Bible - still a work-in-progress here at Conservapedia

Bible versions

Apart from Bibles that include the Apocrypha, The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures is a distinct version that was produced to justify many of the unique doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses.

Joseph Smith, founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints also produced his own version of the Bible which was published after his death: see Joseph Smith’s Inspired Version of the Bible pdf

Online multiple381932611793105118548074462379962749567351885752724891227938183011949129833673362440656643086021394946395224737190702179860943702770539217176293176752384674818467669405132000568127145263560827785771342757789609173637178721468440901224953430146549585371050792279689258923542019956112129021960864034418159813629774771309960518707211349999998372978049951059731732816096318595024459455346908302642522308253344685035261931188171010003137838752886587533208381420617177669147303598253490428755468731159562863882353787593751957781857780532171226806613001927876611195909216420198938095257201065485863278865936153381827968230301952035301852968995773622599413891249721775283479131515574857242454150695950829533116861727855889075098381754637464939319255060400927701671139009848824012858361603563707660104710181942955596198946767837449448255379774726847104047534646208046684259069491293313677028989152104752162056966024058038150193511253382430035587640247496473263914199272604269922796782354781636009341721641219924586315030286182974555706749838505494588586926995690927210797509302955321165344987202755960236480665499119881834797753566369807426542527862551818417574672890977772793800081647060016145249192173217214772350141441973568548161361157352552133475741849468438523323907394143334547762416862518983569485562099219222184272550254256887671790494601653466804988627232791786085784383827967976681454100953883786360950680064225125205117392984896084128488626945604241965285022210661186306744278622039194945047123713786960956364371917287467764657573962413890865832645995813390478027590... Pi Coffee Mug More Pi Stuff nyt News & Events: Pi Day of the Century einstein News & Events: Princeton Pi Day Party rap-music-video Videos: “Pi Rap” by Amy McConnel digits Digits: Search the Digits of Pi

• United Bible Society
• The International Bible Society (New York/Colorado Springs)
• World Bible Translation Center
• Wycliffe Bible Translators
• La Biblia In Spanish.

Online, internet, and downloadable Bibles

Hebrew

• Hebrew-English Bible (JPS 1917 translation; includes Hebrew audio)
• XML Hebrew-English (KJV) Bible
• Old Testament in Hebrew

Greek

• Koine Greek New Testament
• Modern Greek Bible

Latin

• Latin Vulgate — Latin Vulgate with parallel Douay-Rheims and King James English translations
• SacredBible.org — Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible
• Jerome's Latin Vulgate (405 A.D.)

English

• AudioBible — Audio version of the King James Version.
• Blue Letter Bible — On-line interactive reference library continuously updated from the teachings and commentaries of selected pastors and teachers who hold to the conservative, historical Christian faith.
• E-sword — Downloadable Bible for Windows.
• The Online Bible North America — Downloadable Bible for Windows.
• Theophilos Bible program
• American Standard Version.
• English Standard Version from Good News/Crossway (the publisher).
• King James Version with dictionary.
• King James Version.
• New Living Translation
• [http://bible.oremus.org/ New Revised Standa381932611793105118548074462379962749567351885752724891227938183011949129833673362440656643086021394946395224737190702179860943702770539217176293176752384674818467669405132000568127145263560827785771342757789609173637178721468440901224953430146549585371050792279689258923542019956112129021960864034418159813629774771309960518707211349999998372978049951059731732816096318595024459455346908302642522308253344685035261931188171010003137838752886587533208381420617177669147303598253490428755468731159562863882353787593751957781857780532171226806613001927876611195909216420198938095257201065485863278865936153381827968230301952035301852968995773622599413891249721775283479131515574857242454150695950829533116861727855889075098381754637464939319255060400927701671139009848824012858361603563707660104710181942955596198946767837449448255379774726847104047534646208046684259069491293313677028989152104752162056966024058038150193511253382430035587640247496473263914199272604269922796782354781636009341721641219924586315030286182974555706749838505494588586926995690927210797509302955321165344987202755960236480665499119881834797753566369807426542527862551818417574672890977772793800081647060016145249192173217214772350141441973568548161361157352552133475741849468438523323907394143334547762416862518983569485562099219222184272550254256887671790494601653466804988627232791786085784383827967976681454100953883786360950680064225125205117392984896084128488626945604241965285022210661186306744278622039194945047123713786960956364371917287467764657573962413890865832645995813390478027590...

Pi Coffee Mug More Pi Stuff nyt News & Events: Pi Day of the Century einstein News & Events: Princeton Pi Day Party rap-music-video381932611793105118548074462379962749567351885752724891227938183011949129833673362440656643086021394946395224737190702179860943702770539217176293176752384674818467669405132000568127145263560827785771342757789609173637178721468440901224953430146549585371050792279689258923542019956112129021960864034418159813629774771309960518707211349999998372978049951059731732816096318595024459455346908302642522308253344685035261931188171010003137838752886587533208381420617177669147303598253490428755468731159562863882353787593751957781857780532171226806613001927876611195909216420198938095257201065485863278865936153381827968230301952035301852968995773622599413891249721775283479131515574857242454150695950829533116861727855889075098381754637464939319255060400927701671139009848824012858361603563707660104710181942955596198946767837449448255379774726847104047534646208046684259069491293313677028989152104752162056966024058038150193511253382430035587640247496473263914199272604269922796782354781636009341721641219924586315030286182974555706749838505494588586926995690927210797509302955321165344987202755960236480665499119881834797753566369807426542527862551818417574672890977772793800081647060016145249192173217214772350141441973568548161361157352552133475741849468438523323907394143334547762416862518983569485562099219222184272550254256887671790494601653466804988627232791786085784383827967976681454100953883786360950680064225125205117392984896084128488626945604241965285022210661186306744278622039194945047123713786960956364371917287467764657573962413890865832645995813390478027590... Pi Coffee Mug More Pi Stuff nyt News & Events: Pi Day of the Century einstein News & Events: Princeton Pi Day Party rap-music-video381932611793105118548074462379962749567351885752724891227938183011949129833673362440656643086021394946395224737190702179860943702770539217176293176752384674818467669405132000568127145263560827785771342757789609173637178721468440901224953430146549585371050792279689258923542019956112129021960864034418159813629774771309960518707211349999998372978049951059731732816096318595024459455346908302642522308253344685035261931188171010003137838752886587533208381420617177669147303598253490428755468731159562863882353787593751957781857780532171226806613001927876611195909216420198938095257201065485863278865936153381827968230301952035301852968995773622599413891249721775283479131515574857242454150695950829533116861727855889075098381754637464939319255060400927701671139009848824012858361603563707660104710181942955596198946767837449448255379774726847104047534646208046684259069491293313677028989152104752162056966024058038150193511253382430035587640247496473263914199272604269922796782354781636009341721641219924586315030286182974555706749838505494588586926995690927210797509302955321165344987202755960236480665499119881834797753566369807426542527862551818417574672890977772793800081647060016145249192173217214772350141441973568548161361157352552133475741849468438523323907394143334547762416862518983569485562099219222184272550254256887671790494601653466804988627232791786085784383827967976681454100953883786360950680064225125205117392984896084128488626945604241965285022210661186306744278622039194945047123713786960956364371917287467764657573962413890865832645995813390478027590... Pi Coffee Mug More Pi Stuff nyt News & Events: Pi Day of the Century einstein News & Events: Princeton Pi Day Party rap-music-video Videos: “Pi Rap” by Amy McConnel digits Digits: Search the Digits of Pi