Difference between revisions of "England"

Revision as of 07:54, January 15, 2023

England (highlighted in light green), showing the boundaries of the ceremonial counties.

England is a constituent country of the United Kingdom located on the island of Great Britain in the north-west of Europe. It is home of the English language currently spoken by perhaps a billion people worldwide, and was the seat of an empire that spanned the globe. England is the largest of the UK's constituent countries, both in terms of area and population. It is also home to the UK's capital and parliament, making this area politically and economically important to the UK as a whole. This may be part of the reason as to why the entirety of the United Kingdom is erroneously referred to as just England.

History

Prior to the Romans, the Celts largely inhabited what would become England. From 43 AD, the Romans invaded Britain and took control of the southern half of the islands, where they founded the fort of Londinium, which later became London.

England and its neighbours about 900 AD

As the Roman Empire abandoned Britain in AD410, nearby Germanic tribes, specifically the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, began to settle over the majority of the island. Kingdoms formed, such as Northumbria (Anglian) in the north east, Wessex (named after the West Saxons) in the south west and Kent (probably settled by Jutes, and now the name of a county) in the south east. The home nations of Wales and Scotland, and the South West England county of Cornwall continued to be independent Celtic nations for some time after this. The Germanic invaders were still pagans when they conquered part of Britain (e.g. Penda of Mercia was (allegedly) the last pagan King). The English peoples were converted to Christianity, however, in the 7th Century AD. This happened from two directions: the mission of St. Augustine, emissary of Gregory the Great came initially to Kent, while the (successful) mission to the Northumbrian Angles (and from there to peoples further south) was from the Celtic Church based in northern British monasteries such as Iona and Lindisfarne. The entire British Isles later came under the sway of Roman Catholicism as the powerful Northumbrian King, Oswy, chose in favour of Roman practice in AD 664 ('Synod of Whitby').

Later, in 1066 AD, the Norman French Duke William the Conqueror defeated the last Anglo-Saxon King, Harold Godwinson. William established himself as king of England, and the Monarchy continued until the crowning of Stephen of Blois. However, Empress Matilda, with aid of relations and riots going around England caused the signing of the Treaty of Wallingford, where King Henry II became heir of England. The House of Plantagenet (the royal family at the time), dynastically inherited a number of French duchies and lands, including Normandy, Aquitaine, Anjou and Gascony. This became known as the Angevin Empire.

Amongst the privileged elite French language and customs became a part of English culture, however for the most part the common population continued to use their own language and customs. William retained significant territories on mainland Europe, in what is now France. For many hundreds of years England fought a series of wars (including the Hundred Years War) for possession of northern France. These did not end until 1588 with the loss of Calais. The Channel Islands are still a crown dependency to this day.

On the basis of their territories in England and France the Norman monarchs became influential in Europe. In 1215, rebellious nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta, essentially a charter guaranteeing the rights of the king's subject nobles and the church, and setting forward the precedent that the monarch's powers were bound by law. In 1455-1487 a series of conflicts called the Wars of the Roses were fought between the noble families of York and Lancaster for control of the throne.

After the Wars of the Roses had been won by Henry of Lancaster, the reign of the Tudors began. Henry VII, as he became, was more concerned with defending his crown and so concentrated mainly on domestic policies. While Henry VII is one of England's less famous kings he was one of the few monarchs ever to leave the crown solvent upon his death. Henry VIII, unlike his father, was obsessed with winning glory on the battlefield, preferably in France. Henry launched three major wars throughout his reign against France and in the process managed to capture the city of Boulogne as well as two minor towns, however all of these we're lost or returned by the end of Edwards VI reign. However Henry is most famous for his split with Rome, where he created the Protestant Church of England. When the current Pope refused to allow him to annul his first marriage to Catherine of Aragon, Henry passed the Statute of Restraint of appeals, declared himself head of the English Church and decreed that the Pope had no power over England. During his reign Henry had six wives, of which only three bore him children. Of these, only one was a son—a sickly child who reigned as Edward VI for just six years after his father's death. His daughter Elizabeth, however, was crowned Queen in 1558 and became perhaps England's greatest and best-loved monarch with her reign often being referred to as Englands Golden Age. Elizabeth was queen during some of England's greatest moments of the age, the founding of England's first (if unsuccessful) American colony, the defeat of the Spanish Armarda and solidifying The Church of England's beliefs and acceptance within the nation. Upon her death, the heir to the throne, King James VI of Scotland was crowned King James I, leading to an eventual unification of the two nations.

Britain's productivity problem

Reuters: UK economy to shrink in 2023. Confederation of Business Industry forecast indicates that the UK risks a 'lost decade'.

Britain's productivity problem

In 2022, The Economist published the article Britain’s productivity problem is long-standing and getting worse which stated:

United Kingdom and number of worker hours per year

Wikipedia's article List of countries by average annual labor hours states "The following list is the average annual working time per employed person (men and women) in hours in 2017. Data is not available for all countries of the world".

Compared to the rest of the world, the United Kingdom was ranked 51st on the list of countries in terms of the average annual working time per employed person (men and women) in hours in 2017.

According to the websites Statista, "The average weekly hours worked on the main job in the United Kingdom saw no significant changes in 2021 in comparison to the previous year 2020 and remained at around 36.77 hours."^[2]

Former Prime Minister Liz Truss on British workers

Liz Truss, the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was caught on audio tape indicating that British workers lacked the "skill and application" of foreign nationals.^[3]

Liz Truss, the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was caught on audio tape indicating that British workers lacked the "skill and application" of foreign nationals.^[4] In response, the BBC published the news article Liz Truss accused of branding British workers lazy in leaked audio^[5]

In 2022, The Economist published the article Britain’s productivity problem is long-standing and getting worse. Evidently, many godless, slothful Brits are reluctant to upgrade their skills to meet the current demands of the marketplace or they are too broke or lazy to implement productivity-producing technology. I mention poverty in relation to a lack of investment in productivity-improving technology because lazy people are often broke!

The Economist states: "But even if the frontier is slowing, there is no iron law that says Britain cannot move closer to it. Catching up with America’s level of labour productivity would mean that Britain’s gdp per person would be £6,600 higher, for example. And even if it is hard to pin down the exact sources of the productivity slowdown in the 2010s, it is easier to identify areas where Britain has to do better in future. They fall into three big categories: investment, people and the spread of knowledge."^[6]

Britain's economic funk will likely endure. The USA will be the leading power in the world for the foreseeable future

• Godless Britain's economic funk will likely endure. The USA will be the leading power in the world for the foreseeable future

British religion and irreligion

Religion

In 1533 AD King Henry VIII formed the Church of England (CoE) after the pope refused to annul the marriage between the king and Catherine of Aragon; while originally the CoE followed a policy of Catholic without the pope, his successors Edward VI and Elizabeth I moved the church in a far more Protestant direction. Henry established himself as the head of the church and made it the state religion of England. This situation continues to this day, although in much modified form. The queen is still the nominal head of the church, although purely as a figurehead. Decisions technically taken by the queen are in fact done only on the advice of her ministers, who in matters of the church invariably act on the advice of the church leaders. Until recently certain bishops of the Church of England were automatically given seats in the House of Lords. The Church of England is closely involved with the ceremonies associated with England, for example at coronations or royal weddings and funerals.

Since the Reformation the country has remained primarily Anglican with the notable exception of the Catholic reigns of Mary I and James II. More recently, the number of Roman Catholics is poised to overtake the number of Anglicans in the country, a trend that is likely to continue with an influx of migrants from Catholic countries such as Ireland and recent EU accession countries such as Poland[1]. As with the UK as a whole, the significant minority religions include Hinduism, Judaism and Islam.

A 2001 census gave the following figures for religious affiliation: Christianity: 71.6%, Islam: 3.1%, Hindu: 1.1%, Sikh: 0.7%, Jewish: 0.5%, and Buddhist: 0.3%, No Faith: 22.3%. Approximately 7% of responders did not answer the question.^[7]

Religion and schools

Unlike American schools, state run Comprehensive schools in England have a daily act of Christian worship, although there have been efforts in recent times to remove this, to reflect the multifaith make-up of England.^[8] There is support for some "faith schools", such as Peter Vardy's Emmanuel Schools Foundation through the Academies program.^[9]

British atheism

See also: British atheism

A Eurobarometer poll in 2010 reported that 37% of UK citizens "believed there is a God", 33% believe there is "some sort of spirit or life force" and 25% answered "I don't believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force".^[10]

In 2014, The Telegraph reported: "The British are among the most sceptical in the world about religion, a global study has found. Just over a third of people in the UK believe religion has a positive role to play in our daily lives, compared to a global average of 59 per cent."^[11]

Desecularization of Britain and the UK

Desecularization is the process by which religion reasserts its societal influence through religious values, institutions, sectors of society and symbols in reaction to previous and/or co-occurring secularization processes.^[12]

In December 2018, The Times indicated: "The number of atheists in Britain has fallen in the past year, according to a survey suggesting that more people are attending church, albeit irregularly."^[13]

The Guardian published an article in 2017 entitled Nearly 50% are of no religion – but has UK hit ‘peak secular’? which declared:

In the United States, the vast majority of individuals who are "Nones"/"no religion" (people who are not part of organized religion) believe in the existence of God. Fewer than 15% of the "nones" consider themselves atheists.^[15]

Conatus News reported in 2017:

Future of religion, Christianity and Islam in the UK and Europe

See: Future of Islam in Europe and religion in Europe

Growth of British evangelical Christianity

See also: British atheism

Some 4.5million of the UK's foreign-born population claim to have a religious affiliation and more than half are Christian. Church attendance in Greater London grew by 16% between 2005 and 2012.^[17] In addition, the latest immigrants to the UK as a whole mean British Christianity is becoming more charismatic and fundamentalist.^[18]

The Christian Post reported on July 21, 2019, as far as Britain: "The percentage of respondents who said they were nondenominational Christians increased from 3% of the population in 1998 to 13% in 2018."^[19]

In December 2017, the Church Times reported:

Due to religious immigrants, many of whom are evangelical Christians, church attendance in Greater London grew by 16% between 2005 and 2012.^[21] In 2013, it was reported that 52% of people who attended church in London attended evangelical churches.^[22]

On December 14, 2009, the British newspaper The Telegraph reported:

See also:

• Pentecostalism Invades Lambeth Palace by Peter L. Berger

Future of Islam in Europe and the UK

See: Future of Islam in Europe and religion in Europe

Poor response of irreligious British to British, Muslim terrorists and British, Muslim groomer gangs

See: Cowardly, irreligious Brits fail to stand up to Muslim groomer gangs

Richard Dawkins declared "Christianity may actually be our best defence against aberrant forms of religion that threaten the world".^[24][25] See also: Richard Dawkins and Islam

A Eurobarometer poll in 2010 reported that 37% of UK citizens "believed there is a God", 33% believe there is "some sort of spirit or life force" and 25% answered "I don't believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force".^[26] See also: British atheism

In 2014, The Telegraph reported: "The British are among the most sceptical in the world about religion, a global study has found. Just over a third of people in the UK believe religion has a positive role to play in our daily lives, compared to a global average of 59 per cent."^[27]

I recently years the British irreligious population has behaved in a cowardly manner (See: Atheism and cowardice).

In the latter part of 2022 it was reported that the Islamic population of the UK has increased 44 percent in a decade, according to the latest UK census figures. Of the UK's total population, 6.5 percent — 3.9 million people — are adherents of Islam.^[28]

Islamic terrorism in the UK

The Manchester Arena experienced a Muslim terrorist attack. See: Manchester Arena Bombing

It would take a rechristianization of Britain in order for the Islamic terrorism situation to be turned around in the UK.

The United States website Homeland Security Digital Library published the article Islamist Terrorism in the UK: An In-Depth Analysis:

Sam Harris once described William Lane Craig as “the one Christian apologist who has put the fear of God into many of my fellow atheists”.^[30]

Dr. Peter Hammond's article What Islam Isn't indicates:

Poor response of irreligious Brits as far as failing to stand up to Muslim groomer gangs

See also: Atheism vs. Islam

The UK's Hindu Prime Minister Rishi Sunak tells secular leftists, cowardly, irreligious British citizens and other British citizens that they are scared of calling out grooming gangs because of political correctness!^[32]

As noted above, in recent years, the proponents of Western atheism and British atheism/agnosticism have developed a reputation for cowardice and a lack of mental toughness (See: Atheism and cowardice and Atheism and mental toughness).

"a disproportionate representation of males with (South) ‘Asian’ heritage who have been convicted in such cases, with this ethnicity male perpetrator/white female victim dynamic serving as the prominent feature of these grooming gangs. Most of these men are of Pakistani (Muslim) origin, and the majority of their victims are young, white girls. The report suggests that the background of these men has influenced their actions. The report found that 84% of ‘grooming gang’ offenders were (South) Asian, while they only make up 7% of total UK population.^[33]

When the report was issued, UK Home Secretary Sajid Javid said it was "wrong to ignore ethnicity" of the criminals.^[35]

Police and leftists involved

British police car

In one UK city alone, 1,400 non-Muslim girls were groomed, raped, trafficked, and drugged between 1997 and 2013 while those in authority failed to act. The police have been accused of ignoring sex abuse claims because of political correctness and fear of accusation of racism, as well as allegedly blaming some child victims.^[36] Leftist organizations waged relentless war against anyone who spoke out about Muslim rape gangs. Victims and critics were demonized as "Islamophobic," “hateful” and “bigoted.”^[37]

UK police, who turned a blind eye to Pakastani rape culture and blamed victims,^[38] have urged the public to report ‘non-crime’ incidents in an effort to stop non-criminal comments from hurting the feelings of those affected. The message sent out by the official Twitter account of South Yorkshire Police said, “In addition to reporting hate crime, please report non-crime hate incidents, which can include things like offensive or insulting comments, online, in person or in writing.”^[39] So, while rape and murder of ethnic Brits by Muslim immigrants is ignored, the UK police do have time to investigate non-crimes and harass native citizens.

Victims and critics prosecuted

The sister of a 14-year girl who was murdered by a pimp was convicted of a "racially aggravated assault" for slapping a suspect who stated that he chopped up her body and cooked it into kebabs. The case was tossed out. The police botched the investigation.^[40] This is only one such story among hundreds that have gone unreported by global leftist mainstream media. Independent journalist Tommy Robinson has forced the spotlight on the rape jihad occurring in Europe, and has been prosecuted and demonized for doing it.^[41]

The leaders of Britain First were jailed for calling attention to Muslim sex-grooming gangs preying on British girls.^[42]

Peter McLoughlin, Ph.D. the author of a detailed study of grooming gangs, Easy Meat: Inside Britain's Grooming Gang Scandal (Paperback 2016) concluded that they are the logical outcome of Islamic doctrines. Under Islamic law, the Muslim man commits no sin in making sexual use of non-Muslim females, who may be enslaved or used as concubines. Raping or drugging infidel girls is not a sin in their eyes and age of consent laws do not exist. McLoughlin was banned from Twitter for advertising his book. He is still using an account on GAB.

Tommy Robinson served what was originally a 13-month prison sentence for contempt of court after publishing a Facebook Live video of Pakistani grooming gang defendants entering a law court in defiance of restrictions on reporting ongoing trials.^[43] He was illegally arrested on May 26, 2018 for this, and the judge presiding over his case, Geoffrey Marson,^[44] illegally ordered all details related to his arrest and trial, including his identity, to be banned from being published by the country's media.^[45]

Notable UK Muslim child prostitution scandals indicating that UK Muslim society may not have embraced secular liberal/leftist ideologies such as feminism

Below are notable UK Muslim child prostitution scandals indicating that a significant portion UK Muslim society has not have embraced secular liberal/leftist ideologies such as feminism which can be found at: Child prostitution in the United Kingdom.

• Aylesbury child sex abuse ring

• Banbury child sex abuse ring

• Bristol child sex abuse ring

• Derby child sex abuse ring

• Halifax child sex abuse ring

• Keighley child sex abuse ring

• Oxford child sex abuse ring

• Peterborough sex abuse case

• Rochdale child sex abuse ring

• Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal

• Telford child sexual exploitation scandal

Suggested further reading about Islam and Great Britain

• Eurabia : the Euro-Arab axis. (2005). Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
• Londonistan, Phillips, Melanie. Londonistan. United Kingdom: Encounter Books, 2007.

Britain has more homosexuals in its parliament than other parliaments in the world

See also: British irreligion, libertinism, undisciplined behavior, lack of mental toughness and cowardice

In 2021, the British newspaper The Times noted that "Britain has most gay parliament in the world".^[46]

Influence

England is the home of the modern English language, which was later spread to all parts of the world by the British Empire, along with traditional English concepts such as the rule of law, universal suffrage, parliamentary government, the jury system, and freedom of speech.

References

1. ↑ Britain’s productivity problem is long-standing and getting worse
2. ↑ Average usual weekly hours worked on the main job in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2001 to 2021
3. ↑ Liz Truss accused of branding British workers lazy in leaked audio, BBC
4. ↑ Liz Truss accused of branding British workers lazy in leaked audio, BBC
5. ↑ Liz Truss accused of branding British workers lazy in leaked audio, BBC
6. ↑ Britain’s productivity problem is long-standing and getting worse
7. ↑ http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp
8. ↑ http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2010/dec/26/scrap-compulsory-acts-of-worship
9. ↑ http://www.emmanuelschools.org/thefoundation/thefoundation/
10. ↑ Special Eurobarometer, biotechnology, p. 204". Fieldwork: Jan-Feb 2010.
11. ↑ UK among most sceptical in world about religion, The Telegraph, 2014
12. ↑ Religion and the State in Russia and China: Suppression, Survival and Revival by Christopher Marsh, 2011, page 11 (Christopher Marsh cites the definitions of desecularization given by Peter L. Berger and Vyacheslav Karpov)
13. ↑ Atheism is down as UK gets spiritual, The Times, December 2018
14. ↑ Nearly 50% are of no religion – but has UK hit ‘peak secular’?, The Guardian, 2017
15. ↑ Meet the 'Nones:' Spiritual but not religious
16. ↑ British Patriotism Sees Number of Anglicans Rise and the Non-Religious Fall, Conatus News , 2017
17. ↑ London Churchgoing and Other News
18. ↑ I'm not surprised Evangelical Christianity is on the rise by Ed West, The Telegraph, December 14th, 2009
19. ↑ Only 38% of Brits identify as Christian; lowest proportion in poll's history, Christian Post, 2019
20. ↑ Church growth is not just for Evangelicals
21. ↑ London Churchgoing and Other News
22. ↑ London Churchgoing and Other News
23. ↑ I'm not surprised Evangelical Christianity is on the rise by Ed West, The Telegraph, December 14th, 2009
24. ↑ Richard Dawkins says Christianity is world's best defence against radical Islam, Christianity Today, January 2016
25. ↑ Professional Atheist Dawkins Says Christianity ‘Bulwark Against Something Worse’, by Thomas D. Williams, Ph.D, Breitbart News Network, Jan 12, 2016
26. ↑ Special Eurobarometer, biotechnology, p. 204". Fieldwork: Jan-Feb 2010.
27. ↑ UK among most sceptical in world about religion, The Telegraph, 2014
28. ↑ Number of Muslims in UK up 44% in a decade, Arab News, November 29, 2022
29. ↑ Islamist Terrorism in the UK: An In-Depth Analysis
30. ↑ http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/08/19/christian-pastor-atheists-debates
31. ↑ What Islam Isn't
32. ↑ Rishi Sunak tells GB News people are scared of calling out grooming gangs because of political correctness
33. ↑ https://www.quilliaminternational.com/press-release-new-quilliam-report-on-grooming-gangs/
34. ↑ https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2016/august/easy-meat-britains-muslim-rape-gang-cover-up
35. ↑ https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/13075/britain-grooming-gangs
36. ↑ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/grooming-gangs-uk-britain-newcastle-serious-case-review-operation-sanctuary-shelter-muslim-asian-a8225106.html?amp
37. ↑ https://www.jihadwatch.org/2018/05/uk-100-investigations-in-rotherham-into-police-misconduct-over-refusal-to-stop-muslim-rape-gangs
38. ↑ https://amp.theguardian.com/society/2018/feb/23/northumbria-police-operation-sanctuary-newcastle-grooming-gangs-case-review
39. ↑ http://caldronpool.com/uk-police-urge-public-to-report-non-crimes-that-cause-hurt-feelings-same-department-policing-areas-where-1400-girls-were-raped-by-muslim-gangs/
40. ↑ https://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/271083/leftists-own-uks-grooming-gang-crisis-and-tommy-danusha-v-goska
41. ↑ https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/05/tommy-robinson-grooming-gangs-britain-persecutes-journalist/amp/
42. ↑ https://www.spectator.co.uk/2018/04/britain-gagged/amp/
43. ↑ https://www.forbes.com/sites/rogerscruton/2014/08/30/why-did-british-police-ignore-pakistani-gangs-raping-rotherham-children-political-correctness/
44. ↑ Rob Barras: "This is the Judge, Geoffrey Marson, responsible for the travesty of Justice today in the #UK namely the arrest and imprisonment of #TommyRobinson on Politically motivated trumped up charges" at Twitter
45. ↑ Multiple references:
    • Right-wing activist Tommy Robinson reportedly jailed after filming outside child grooming trial. Fox News. May 26, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
    • Tomlinson, Chris (May 26, 2018). [Redacted Arrested for [Redacted] Outside [Redacted]: Leeds Crown Court Issues Media Ban]. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
    • Newman, ALex (May 28, 2018). Secret U.K. Proceedings Send Activist to Prison, Gag Media. The New American. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
    • Peter Allen: "Today Judge Geoffrey Marson QC sentenced (Tommy Robinson) to death in a secret trial that may not be reported on for an offence that may not be mentioned although it is suspected to be for exposing the extent of child abuse and grooming gangs in Britain" at Twitter
46. ↑ Britain has most gay parliament in the world — use it as force for good by Crispin Blunt, The Times, May 18 2021

See also

• English Bill of Rights
• English Civil War
• English Painting
• English coronation oath

External links

• English Heritage - English history website