Difference between revisions of "Donald Trump achievements: Trade policy"

Latest revision as of 02:02, June 4, 2021

Official presidential photo of President Donald Trump

Main article: Donald Trump achievements

This article is a non-exhaustive list of achievements by U.S. President Donald Trump, his administration, and Congress related to trade policy.

2017

President Trump, along with trade advisor Peter Navarro, Vice Preaident Mike Pence, and Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, prior to the signing of two trade orders, March 31, 2017

President Trump began pursuing a conservative, economic nationalist trade policy, and he used trade as a point of leverage with other countries.^[1]

Executive actions, 2017

January 23, 2017—Trump signed an order that withdrew the United States from the globalist Trans-Pacific Partnership.^[2]
March 18, 2017—The Trump Administration forced the G-20 to remove its opposition to protectionism and its support for free trade from its joint statement.^[3]
March 31, 2017—President Trump signed two orders. The first order instituted a crackdown on violations of anti-dumping laws and help to officials to collect penalties already owed to the U.S. The second order ordered a report by the Department of Commerce and the U.S. Trade Representative on the causes of the U.S. trade deficit due within 90 days.^[4]^[5]
April 18, 2017—President Trump signed a "buy-American, hire-American" order, restricting the H-1B visa to give hiring preference to American workers and enacting stronger enforcement of laws requiring the use of American-made materials in federal projects.^[6]
April 20, 2017—President Trump signed a memorandum directing the Department of Commerce to investigate whether steel imports pose a threat to U.S. national security.^[7]^[8]
April 25, 2017—After Canada changed its milk pricing policy, putting U.S. farmers at a severe disadvantage,^[9] the Trump Administration imposed tariffs at rates up to 24% on Canadian lumber imports.^[10] The Trump Administration increased the tariffs in June 2017^[11] and made them final in November 2017.^[12]
April 27, 2017—President Trump signed a memorandum opening a Department of Commerce investigation into whether the high level of aluminum imports constitutes a threat to U.S. national security.^[13]
April 29, 2017—President Trump signed two executive orders, one ordering the U.S. to review all of its free trade agreements including NAFTA, and the other establishing a White House trade policy office.^[14]^[15]
May 11, 2017—President Trump approved a trade deal with China which would increase American exports.^[16]
May 18, 2017—President Trump began the process of renegotiating NAFTA.^[17]
June 12, 2017—The U.S. and China made an agreement that would allow American beef products to be exported to China.^[18] U.S. beef imports began entering China soon afterward.^[19]
July 8, 2017—In the final G-20 common statement, the Trump Administration, which was ideologically opposed by the other G-20 nations, successfully received concessions from them on the statement on trade.^[20]
July 2017—A month after allowing the U.S. to export beef, China allowed the U.S. to export rice to the nation.^[21]
July 31, 2017—The United States and Ukraine agreed to have the U.S. export coal to Uraine, so the latter could gain energy independence from Russia.^[22]
August 8, 2017—The Trump Administration placed a punitive import tax on Chinese aluminum foil imports after to a preliminary determination that the country was illegally dumping the product into the U.S.^[23] In 2018, the U.S. government made the tariffs permanent and raised their rates.^[24]^[25]
August 14, 2017—President Trump signed an order directing U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer to conduct an investigation into whether China is stealing U.S. intellectual property.^[26]
September 26, 2017—The Commerce Department instituted a 219.63% preliminary tariff on Bombardier's CSeries jets due to a complaint from Boeing that the Canadian government was unfairly subsidizing the aircraft.^[27] On October 6, 2017, the Department of Commerce added an additional 79.82% duty on the CSeries jets, making the total tariff be at about 300%.^[28] However, in January 2018, the U.S. International Trade Commission ruled against the tariffs.^[29]
November 28, 2017—The Commerce Department self-initiated anti-dumping investigations on Chinese aluminum imports – the U.S. rarely self-initiates such investigations, with the previous self-initiated investigations taking place in the late 1980s and early 1990s.^[30] That same day, the administration enacted duties on Chinese tool chests and cabinets.^[31]
November 30, 2017—The Trump Administration formally opposed giving China market economy status in the World Trade Organization.^[32]

Proclamations, 2017

July 17, 2017—President Trump proclaimed this day Made in America Day and the week of July 16–22 as Made in America Week.^[33]

Other achievements, 2017

While the following achievements were not official United States government policy actions by the Trump Administration, they were closely related to the Trump Administration and its policies:

U.S. coal exports to Europe and Asia rose 60% in early 2017 compared to the previous year.^[34]
President Trump took a very strong stance on trade policy as president,^[35] and he recognized that America's previous leaders were to blame for the U.S. past trade failures, rather than other countries such as China.^[36]

2018

President Trump and South Korean President Moon Jae-in sign a revised trade agreement, September 24, 2018

Meeting between President Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping regarding the U.S.–China trade war, December 1, 2018

President Trump made many trade actions involving tariffs in 2018.^[37] He was helped by a growing U.S. economy even as economic growth in other countries stagnated.^[38] Trump also took a tougher stance on China compared to previous administrations,^[39] and according to the research group EconPol Europe, China had paid most of the cost of the trade war.^[40]

Executive actions, 2018

January 22, 2018—President Trump imposed tariffs on solar energy product and washing machine imports, using a section of U.S. trade law last used early in George W. Bush's presidency.^[41]
February 27, 2018—After enacting punitive tariffs on aluminum foil in August 2017,^[23] the Department of Commerce upheld the tariffs and raised their rates.^[24] On March 15, 2018, the U.S. International Trade Commission upheld the rates.^[25]
March 8, 2018—President Trump, through two orders using Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, imposed a 25% tariff on all steel imports and a 10% tariff on all aluminum imports, something he did both for economic and national security reasons.^[42] Canada and Mexico were granted exemptions from the tariffs pending the NAFTA renegotiations, and the orders allowed for potential future exemptions for U.S. allies.^[42] President Trump also gave temporary exemptions to the European Union and six other U.S. allies when the tariffs went into effect.^[43] On April 30, 2018, the Trump Administration announced it had reached an agreement with South Korea to enact quotas on steel imports from the country, along with agreements in principle with several other countries.^[44] On May 31, 2018, the Trump Administration imposed the tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and the EU and ended the exemptions, effective the following day.^[45]
March 22, 2018—President Trump signed a memorandum using Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 that ordered the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative to begin several trade actions against China, including tariffs that could total around $50 billion.^[46] The Trump Administration released its proposed tariffs on April 3, 2018.^[47] On April 5, 2018, President Trump ordered the USTR to consider $100 billion more in tariffs against China.^[48] On May 29, 2018, the Trump Administration announced it would move forward with the $50 billion tariffs, among other actions against China,^[49] and it announced the details and implementation on June 15, 2018.^[50] On June 18, 2018, President Trump directed the USTR to identify $200 billion worth of Chinese products to enact 10% tariffs on if China would refuse to change its behavior and not implement retaliatory tariffs,^[51] something which it did on July 10, 2018.^[52] On July 6, 2018, $34 billion worth of the tariffs went into effect.^[53] On August 1, 2018, President Trump directed the USTR to consider raising the proposed $200 billion tariff rates to 25% from 10%.^[54] On August 7, 2018, the Trump Administration finalized 25% tariffs on $16 billion worth of Chinese imports,^[55] with the tariffs going into effect on August 23, 2018.^[56] On September 17, 2018, the Trump Administration announced it would impose 10% tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese imports, with the rate planned to increase to 25% on January 1, 2019.^[57] On December 1, 2018, the White House announced the Trump Administration would not raise the tariff rate to 25% for at least 90 days while the two countries negotiated for a trade deal.^[58] The tariff increase ultimately was implemented on May 10, 2019.^[59]
April 19, 2018—President Trump signed an executive order that, among other changes, loosened U.S. regulations on arms exports to foreign countries and sped up the approval process for weapons sales, including those for military drones.^[60] The Defense Department took steps to decrease the amount of time needed to complete foreign arms sales.^[61]
May 14, 2018—The Trump Administration began the process of loosening regulations for certain small-arms exports and changing the agency giving approval from the State to Commerce Department.^[62] It officially published the proposed rule changes on May 24, 2018.^[63] In July 2018, President Trump approved the State Department's proposed implementation plan for the new policy.^[64] In February 2019, the Trump Administration finalized the new rules.^[65]
The Trump Administration, in an effort to save U.S. jobs, reached agreements with Qatar^[66] and the United Arab Emirates^[67] in a dispute over the two countries subsidizing their airlines.
May 21, 2018—The Commerce Department enacted high tariffs against Chinese steel products shipped from Vietnam in violation of U.S. anti-dumping and anti-subsidy rules.^[68]
May 23, 2018—At the request of President Trump, the Commerce Department began an investigation into whether auto imports pose a national security threat to the U.S.^[69] The department formally delivered the results of the report to President Trump on February 17, 2019.^[70]
June 8–9, 2018—At the annual G7 summit, President Trump took strong "America First" stances on trade and other issues,^[71] and he retracted his country's support of the summit's joint statement due to false statements made by Canada's prime minister – the summit's host – against him.^[72]
July 18, 2018—The Commerce Department announced it would investigate whether uranium imports threaten U.S. national security.^[73] In a decision made on July 12, 2019, President Trump declined to establish uranium import quotas, though he did acknowledge that the Commerce Department's findings "raise significant concerns" and ordered a deeper review by a working group to make recommendations.^[74]
August 10, 2018—President Trump announced the U.S. would double its aluminum and steel tariffs against Turkey, coming during a dispute over Turkey's detainment of an American pastor in the country as well as the devaluing of Turkey's Lira currency.^[75] On May 16, 2019, President Trump signed a proclamation reducing the steel tariff back to 25%, citing its success in reducing Turkey's exports to the U.S., and he also ended the country's preferential trade status.^[76]
August 23, 2018—President Trump signed a memorandum making it U.S. policy to end international mail discounts created by a UN agency which made it cheaper to send a product to the U.S. from a foreign country than from a location inside the United States.^[77] On October 17, 2018, the Trump Administration formally announced it would begin the process of withdrawing from the Universal Postal Union.^[78] On September 25, 2019, the Trump Administration reached a deal with the UPU that satisfied its complaints.^[79]
September 24, 2018—President Trump signed a revised trade agreement that his administration renegotiated with South Korea's president.^[80] The agreement did not require U.S. Senate approval,^[80] and South Korea's parliament ratified it on December 7, 2018.^[81]
November 7, 2018—The Commerce Department announced it would impose tariffs on Chinese aluminum sheet products, the first time since 1985 that it had enacted final tariffs in a self-initiated investigation.^[82]
December 1, 2018—In the G-20's statement, the Trump Administration succeeded in calling for World Trade Organization reform and removing a statement against protectionism.^[83]
December 6, 2018—The International Trade Commission made permanent Commerce Department tariffs on steel pipe imports from China and India.^[84]

Proclamations, 2018

April 26, 2018—President Trump declared this day to be World Intellectual Property Day, stating that "our country will no longer turn a blind eye to the theft of American jobs, wealth, and intellectual property through the unfair and unscrupulous economic practices of some foreign actors."^[85]
July 13, 2018—President Trump proclaimed July 17 Made in America Day and the week of July 15–21 as Made in America Week.^[86]

Other achievements, 2018

While the following achievements were not official United States government policy actions by the Trump Administration, they were closely related to the Trump Administration and its policies:

Through his trade actions, President Trump helped revive the GOP's historical support for tariffs.^[87] By 2018, blue-collar manufacturing towns in the U.S. that had once supported Democrats had become strongly Republican, largely because of the GOP's and Trump's increasingly tough stance on trade issues.^[88] Additionally, President Trump made numerous strong statements defending his support for tariffs.^[89]
President Trump's enactment of aluminum and steel tariffs had a positive immediate effect on American manufacturers, with U.S. steel mills seeing a nearly 5% shipment increase in 2018,^[90] and with several steel companies restarting or even considering building factories.^[91] For example, United States Steel announced it would increase operations in Granite City, Illinois, due to increased demand resulting from the tariffs^[92] and Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. announced a massive increase in business following the tariffs' enactment.^[93] Additionally, Nucor announced it would build a new steel mill in Florida.^[94] In June 2018, the steel company JSW announced it would invest $500 million to build a new steel plant in Ohio, something it announced after announcing an additional $500 million investment in an existing plant in Texas.^[95] U.S. Steel announced in August 2018 that it would invest $750 million in its Gary, Indiana, plant, crediting the steel tariffs.^[96] Braidy Industries moved forward in building a new aluminum mill that would create 550 new jobs.^[97] Steel Dynamics announced it would invest up to $1.8 billion to build a new steel mill in the southwest U.S. that would create about 600 jobs.^[98] A Louisiana pipe company reported excellent business because of the tariffs.^[99] The American steel industry was "very happy" with the administration's tariffs.^[100] Additionally, aluminum prices had actually fallen one month after President Trump announced tariffs on foreign aluminum products, in part due to increased production by U.S. aluminum producers.^[101] By June 2018, President Trump's tariffs were attributed, at least in part, to the strong and rapid economic turnaround in the Iron Range of Minnesota,^[102]^[103] in Michigan,^[103] as well as the positive economic effect on Granite City, Illinois, as also briefly mentioned above.^[104] In December 2018, Fiat Chrysler announced it would build an assembly plant in Detroit, the first new factory in the city in 27 years and the first new assembly plant in the country by a domestic car maker since before the Great Recession.^[105] An analysis by the Coalition for a Prosperous America in August 2018 found that since February 1 of that year, 11,100 jobs were created as a result of the Trump Administration's tariffs,^[106] and that twenty times more jobs had been created than lost as a result of the tariffs.^[107] The CPA also estimated that 2.1 million jobs were created in 2018 by the administration's steel tariffs and its other economic policies.^[108] A December 2018 report by the Economic Policy Institute found that the March 2018 tariff on aluminum imports was having a positive impact on the U.S. economy and the aluminum industry.^[109] Additionally, while not a direct effect of President Trump's trade policies, the economy continued its strong growth despite fears that the tariffs would slow growth,^[110] and by the second quarter of 2018, U.S. productivity had risen to the highest level since 2015 despite fears that the tariffs would lower productivity.^[111] Manufacturing output, even from those using steel and aluminum, increased at a strong pace in October 2018 despite fears that tariffs would hurt production,^[112] and orders of products affected by tariffs increased that month.^[113]
Exports rose 6.6% in May 2018, causing the United States's trade deficit to drop to the lowest level since October 2016,^[114] and by August 2018, prospective military sales to U.S. allies reached $63 billion – 50% higher than in 2017 – despite fears that President Trump's tariffs would do the opposite.^[115]
U.S. arms sales saw strong growth in 2018. By July 2018, the U.S. had already sold more weapons that year than the entire year in 2017,^[116] and in Fiscal Year 2018, the dollar value of U.S. arms sales nearly reached the record set in 2012.^[117] The State Department reported in November 2018 that U.S. arms sales increased 13% in Fiscal Year 2018 compared to the previous year, with arms sales specifically from the U.S. government to a foreign government increasing 33% during the same period.^[118]

2019

President Trump watches as the U.S. and EU sign a trade agreement, August 2, 2019

President Trump watches as the U.S. and Japan sign two trade agreements, October 7, 2019

By 2019, the Trump Administration had taken numerous actions on trade.^[119] These trade actions seriously challenged China's economic growth,^[120] and because of the Trump Administration's trade actions, the U.S. trade deficit fell 15% in January 2019.^[121] By May 2019, the tariffs on China had raised $16 billion,^[122] and total tariffs between June 2018 and June 2019 had raised $63 billion.^[123] In September 2019, the U.S. collected $7 billion from tariffs, a record number.^[124] Additionally, many companies moved production out of China.^[125] President Trump's trade actions against China, among other actions, helped "decouple" the economies of the two nations.^[126] As in other issues, the deep state and Obama holdovers attempted to obstruct President Trump's conservative trade agenda.^[127]

Executive actions, 2019

January 31, 2019—President Trump signed an executive order directing federal agencies to favor contractors who use American-made materials in construction projects.^[128]
February 2019—The Trump Administration finalized the new gun export rules it had started implementing the previous year and which changed the policy to require gun-makers to have a license from the Commerce Department rather than the State Department to export firearms overseas.^[65]
February 27, 2019—In Vietnam, President Trump presided over the signing of several trade deals worth $21 billion between U.S. and Vietnamese companies that would support an estimated 83,000 American jobs.^[129]
March 4, 2019—The Commerce Department began an investigation into whether titanium imports negatively impact U.S. national security.^[130]
March 4, 2019—The Trump Administration announced it would end preferential trade status for India and Turkey since such treatment had not led to any advantages to the U.S.^[131] On May 16, 2019, President Trump signed a proclamation making the termination for Turkey official.^[76] On May 31, 2019, the Trump Administration announced it would end India's special status on June 5, 2019.^[132] On October 14, 2019, President Trump ended trade negotiations with Turkey and raised steel tariffs on the country to 50%, among other actions, because of the country's actions in Syria.^[133]
April 3, 2019—President Trump signed a memorandum cracking down on online counterfeit goods trafficking on websites such as Amazon and eBay.^[134]
April 8, 2019—The Trump Administration proposed a list of $11 billion worth of tariffs on European Union products in retaliation against the EU's subsidies for Airbus.^[135] On July 1, 2019, the USTR proposed an additional $4 billion in tariffs because of the Airbus subsidies.^[136] On October 2, 2019, it announced it would impose tariffs on $7.5 billion in EU products after a favorable WTO ruling in the biggest case in the international organization's history, and the tariffs went into effect on October 18, 2019.^[137]
May 5, 2019—President Trump announced that because of China's stalling in negotiations, he planned on raising tariffs on $200 billion of the country's exports to the U.S. from 10% to 25%.^[138] On May 8, 2019, the USTR filed a notice for the tariff increase.^[139] The tariff increase happened as scheduled at midnight on May 10, 2019.^[59] That same day, the USTR began the process of raising tariffs on all remaining Chinese imports.^[140] On June 29, 2019, President Trump put the planned tariffs on hold as the U.S. and China agreed to resume trade talks,^[141] though on August 1, 2019, he announced the U.S. would proceed with those tariffs and formally impose them the following month.^[142] On August 13, 2019, President Trump partially pulled back on the previous tariff announcement, delaying some of the planned tariffs and canceling some others.^[143] On August 23, 2019, President Trump told American businesses to move operations out of China and to search out and refuse any fentanyl shipments to the U.S.,^[144] and, in retaliation for newly-imposed Chinse tariffs, he announced that the existing 25% tariffs would be raised to 30% on October 1, 2019, and that the pending 10% tariffs would be raised to 15%.^[145] On September 11, 2019, President Trump announced that he would postpone tariffs on China by two weeks, from October 1 to October 15.^[146] On October 11, 2019, President Trump announced a partial trade agreement with China and suspended the planned tariff increase.^[147] On December 13, 2019, the U.S. and China announced a preliminary and limited trade agreement to avoid increasing U.S. tariffs on China.^[148]
May 7, 2019—The U.S. reimposed a 17.5% tariff on tomatoes from Mexico after the U.S. withdrew from a 2013 agreement suspending the tariff.^[149] On August 21, 2019, the Trump Administration announced an agreement with Mexican tomato producers to resolve the dispute.^[150] On November 22, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commission ruled in favor of the agreement.^[151]
May 17, 2019—While President Trump signed a proclamation delaying a decision for six months on whether to impose auto tariffs, the proclamation acknowledged the national security threat posed by large numbers of automobile imports as concluded by the Commerce Department.^[152]
May 23, 2019—The Commerce Department proposed imposing tariffs on any country that artificially devalues its currency.^[153]
May 29, 2019—The Commerce Department imposed anti-dumping tariffs on Chinese mattresses and beer kegs.^[154]
May 30, 2019—President Trump announced that because of the massive numbers of illegal immigration through Mexico and the Mexican government's failure to stop it, he would impose a 5% tariff on the country and raise it by 5% every month until it substantially reduced illegal immigration into the U.S.^[155] On June 7, 2019, President Trump announced that his administration had reached a deal with Mexico, with Mexico increasing immigration enforcement to prevent migrants from entering the U.S. in exchange for the U.S. suspending the tariffs.^[156]
July 2, 2019—The Commerce Department imposed 456% tariffs on South Korean and Taiwanese steel transshipped through Vietnam to avoid existing U.S. tariffs.^[157] The Commerce Department issued the final order implementing the tariffs on December 16, 2019.^[158]
July 8, 2019—The Commerce Department imposed tariffs on certain companies' steel imports from Mexico and China because the two countries helped their steel manufacturers through subsidies.^[159] The Commerce Department moved forward with the tariffs on September 4, 2019.^[160]
July 10, 2019—The U.S. began an investigation into a French tax on technology companies and whether it "unfairly target[ed] American companies."^[161] On August 26, 2019, the U.S. and France reached a compromise agreement on the tax.^[162]
July 15, 2019—President Trump signed an executive order significantly increasing the required percentages of American components in materials used for government projects.^[163]
July 26, 2019—President Trump signed a memorandum directing the USTR to do everything in its power to prevent the World Trade Organization from allowing countries to claim "developing country" status within the organization if they have strong economies that make such a designation unnecessary.^[164]
August 2, 2019—President Trump announced a trade agreement with the European Union that expanded U.S. beef exports into the EU.^[165]
August 5, 2019—The Trump Administration formally labeled China a currency manipulator, the first time the U.S. government had officially done so since 1994 and fulfilling a 2016 campaign promise.^[166] The U.S. removed the label from China on January 13, 2020.^[167]
September 10, 2019—The Commerce Department imposed 222% tariffs on Chinese ceramic tile.^[168] On November 7, 2019, the department announced it had made a preliminary determination that China dumped ceramic tile into the U.S. and imposed tariffs ranging between 114.49% and 356.02%.^[169]
September 25, 2019—President Trump announced and signed a limited trade agreement with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe that significantly opened up the Japanese market to U.S. agricultural imports.^[170] The U.S. and Japan officially signed two trade agreements on October 7, 2019.^[171]
October 3, 2019—The Commerce Department imposed significant preliminary anti-dumping tariffs on Chinese wooden cabinet imports.^[172]
October 25, 2019—President Trump signed a proclamation restoring preferential trade status to Ukraine after its government took actions to satisfy U.S. intellectual property concerns, and he also removed some imports from Thailand from the program.^[173] Later, on October 31, 2019, President Trump announced he would end some trade benefits for Cameroon because of alleged human rights abuses in the country.^[174]
November 19, 2019—The U.S. International Trade Commission ruled that Chinese mattress imports hurt domestic U.S. industry, thus supporting the duties the Commerce Department had imposed.^[175] The following day, the ITC also ruled in favor of the Commerce Department's duties on aluminum wire and cable imports from China.^[176]
December 2, 2019—President Trump announced the U.S. would restore steel and aluminum tariffs on Brazil and Argentina.^[177]^[178] On December 20, 2019, President dropped his tariff threat against Brazil.^[179]
December 2, 2019—The USTR proposed imposing $2.4 billion worth in tariffs on French imports to the U.S. – with the tariff rates at 100% – in retaliation to a French digital tax.^[178]^[180]
December 10, 2019—The U.S. paralyzed the World Trade Organization's Appellate Body by blocking appointments to the international trade court.^[181]

Proclamations, 2019

July 14, 2019—President Trump proclaimed July 15 Made in America Day and the week of July 14–20 as Made in America Week.^[182]

Other achievements, 2019

While the following achievements were not official United States government policy actions by the Trump Administration, they were closely related to the Trump Administration and its policies:

President Trump's tariffs continued to have a positive effect on manufacturers and jobs.^[183] In January 2019, Republic Steel announced it would reopen a steel mill in Ohio.^[184] The German company Kion considered expanding its manufacturing to the U.S. to avoid American tariffs.^[185] Also in January 2019, the steel company Nucor announced that because of President Trump's tariffs, it would invest $1.3 billion to build a new steel mill in the Midwest.^[186] On February 11, 2019, U.S. Steel announced it would restart construction of a plant in Alabama, something the company credited President Trump's tariffs for.^[187] In April 2019, the Russian company Rusal announced it would invest $200 million into a Braidy Industries aluminum plant, the largest such plant built in the U.S. in four decades.^[188] On May 2, 2019, U.S. Steel announced it would invest over $1 billion in its plants near Pittsburgh.^[189] The U.S. economy continued performing well with President Trump's tariffs in place.^[190]
March 1, 2019—In a U.S. Trade Representative report, the Trump Administration asserted U.S. sovereignty over international organizations such as the World Trade Organization, stating that "the United States remains an independent nation, and our trade policy will be made here – not in Geneva."^[191]
April 1, 2019—China's government announced it would end loopholes in its fentanyl laws, something advocated by the Trump Administration.^[192]
As a result of a Chinese ban on paper and plastic scraps, investment significantly increased for American plants processing recyclable items.^[193]

Setbacks, 2019

The following setbacks to the MAGA agenda were often caused by Congress or officials in the Trump Administration, rather than President Trump himself. Some of them can also be considered partial achievements.

President Trump's appointees to the Federal Trade Commission worked against his pro-American trade agenda.^[194]

2020

Despite false attacks from avowed globalists,^[195] President Trump continued pursuing conservative trade policies in 2020.^[196] He also continued making strong statements on trade issues.^[197] As liberal denialists claimed that the trade war hurt America, it was reported in mid-January that China's annual GDP growth fell to a three decade-low while America had continued prospering economically (prior to the CCP pandemic).^[198]

Executive actions, 2020

January 15, 2020—The United States and China signed a landmark trade deal that would ease tensions created in the long-lasting trade war and boost the U.S. economy by increasing exports to China.^[199]

July 10, 2020—After France taxed U.S. tech companies, The Trump Administration imposed a 25% tariff on French products worth over 1 billion dollars.^[200]

Proclamations, 2020

January 24, 2020—With exceptions for some countries, President Trump signed a proclamation expanding tariffs on importations of steel and aluminum products.^[201]

August 6, 2020—President Trump signed a proclamation to re-impose aluminum tariffs on Canada.^[202]

August 28, 2020—President Trump signed a proclamation to cut steel imports from Brazil amidst a slump in the U.S. steel industry caused by the CCP pandemic.^[203]

Other achievements, 2020

January/February 2020—Following continuous tariffs on China, it was reported that the U.S. trade deficit fell in 2019 for the first time since 2013.^[204]

April 12, 2020—Following a historic OPEC deal that cut global petroleum output,^[205] U.S. oil prices significantly dropped towards the benefit of consumers.^[206]

April 14, 2020—Compared to the year previous, the U.S. was able to export to China twice as many soybeans and six times as much pork.^[207]

April 18, 2020—It was reported that the U.S. trade deficit had continued dropping, decreasing by 13% from the same period the previous year.^[208]

May 6, 2020—It was reported that the United States had exported a record amount of pork to China in the months previous.^[209]

June 9, 2020—U.S. exports to China had continued to surge in April following the latter's re-opening of its economy.^[210]

June 26, 2020—Several European countries partially conceded over imposing a potential digital tax on the U.S. after the latter threatened to slap tariffs.^[211]

July 27, 2020—The European plan to tax U.S. tech companies fell apart.^[212]

August 5, 2020—It was reported that amidst a record increase in U.S. exports, the trade deficit fell by 7.5% in June 2020 to $50.7 billion.^[213]

August 21, 2020—The U.S. and EU reached a trade agreement where the latter would end their tariffs against the American lobster industry.^[214]

Debatable, 2020

January 29, 2020—President Trump signed into law the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (commonly referred to as the USMCA) to replace the globalist NAFTA.^[215] However, this agreement marked only partial success of Trump's North American trade agenda. While it fixed some of the issues that had led to trade imbalances under NAFTA, it failed to curb back supranational bureaucratic oversight in any significant way. In fact, in some areas it even expanded said oversight, including on matters related to immigration.^[216]

References

↑
Williams, Katie Bo (September 6, 2017). Trump turns trade into bargaining chip. The Hill. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
See also:
- Miller, S.A. (August 31, 2017). Trump's tough trade tactics have negotiators looking at options. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
↑
Multiple references:
- Chakraborty, Barnini (January 23, 2017). Trump signs executive order withdrawing US from TPP trade deal. Fox News. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
- Boyle, Matthew (January 23, 2017). President Trump Kills TPP Once and for All with Executive Order Officially Withdrawing. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
- Newman, Alex (January 23, 2017). In Blow to Globalism, Trump Withdraws From TPP “Trade” Regime. The New American. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
- Miller, S.A. (January 23, 2017). Donald Trump keeps campaign promise to abandon Trans-Pacific Partnership. The Washington Times. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
- Trump Withdraws US from 12-Nation Pacific Rim Trade Deal. Voice of America. January 24, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
- Trump signs order withdrawing U.S. from Trans-Pacific trade deal. Reuters. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- Scarry, Eddie (March 18, 2017). Trump administration rebuffs free trade appeals at G-20 meeting. Washington Examiner. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
- Koranyi, Balazs; Heller, Gernot (March 18, 2017). G20 Financial Leaders Acquiesce to U.S., Drop Free Trade Pledge. Fox Business. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
↑ Trump signs executive orders to crack down on trade abuses, increase enforcement. Fox News. March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
↑ Korte, Gregory (March 31, 2017). Trump executive orders will target trade 'cheaters'. USA Today. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- Miller, S.A. (April 18, 2017). Trump signs executive order for ‘buy-American, hire-American’ policy. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
- Spiering, Charlie (April 18, 2017). Donald Trump Celebrates ‘America First’ Executive Order in Wisconsin. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
- Chakraborty, Barnini (April 18, 2017). Trump signs order to clamp down on visa program, enforce 'buy American' policy. Fox News. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
- Stokols, Eli; Meckler, Laura (April 18, 2017). Trump Signs Order Calling for Changes in H-1B Visa Rules. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
- Holland, Steve (April 17, 2018). Trump orders review of visa program to encourage hiring Americans. Reuters. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
- Ware, Doug G.; Pestano, Andrew V. (April 18, 2017). Trump signs 'Buy American, Hire American' order in drive to bring back U.S. jobs. UPI. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Phillip, Abby (April 18, 2017). Trump signs ‘Buy American, Hire American’ executive order, promising to fight for American workers. The Washington Post. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
See also:
- Kight, Stef W. (July 25, 2018). Trump’s “Hire American” order makes it harder to get H-1B visas. Axios. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
- Bhattacharya, Ananya (July 25, 2018). The US is rejecting more and more Indian H-1B applicants. Quartz. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
↑ Alexander, Harriet (April 20, 2017). Donald Trump praises 'historic day for American steel' as he launches investigation into imports. The Telegraph. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
↑ Westwood, Sarah (April 20, 2017). Trump administration opens sweeping trade investigation. Washington Examiner. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
↑ Tobin, Michael (April 26, 2017). NAFTA: Wisconsin dairy farmers' uncertain fate escalates US-Canada trade war. Fox News. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
↑ Epstein, Jennifer; Light, Joe (April 25, 2017). Donald Trump intensifies Canadian trade dispute by placing huge import tariff on lumber. The Independent. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
↑ Skerritt, Jen (June 26, 2017). U.S. to Impose Additional Tariffs on Canadian Lumber Imports. Bloomberg. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- Needham, Vicki (November 2, 2017). US slaps tariffs on Canadian softwood lumber. The Hill. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
- Gregg, Aaron (November 2, 2017). U.S. moves forward with Canadian lumber tariffs after settlement talks fail. The Washington Post. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
- US sets final tariffs on softwood lumber from Canada. BBC News. November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
- Mauldin, William; Vieira, Paul (November 2, 2017). U.S. Sets Final Tariffs for Canadian Softwood Lumber -- Update. Fox Business. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
↑ Moons, Michelle (April 27, 2017). Trump Orders Investigation into National Security Threat of World Aluminum Excess. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
↑ Korte, Gregory (April 29, 2017). On his 100th day in office, Trump orders review of free trade agreements. USA Today. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
↑ Greenwood, Max (April 29, 2017). Trump signs order calling for review of trade deals. The Hill. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- Trump administration praises deal expanding trade with China. Fox News. May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
- Moons, Michelle (May 12, 2017). Commerce Sec Wilbur Ross: 10 U.S.-China Trade Agreements ’Herculean Accomplishment’. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
↑ Dinan, Stephen (May 18, 2017). Trump begins NAFTA renegotiation. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- Needham, Vicki (June 12, 2017). US, China strike deal on beef exports. The Hill. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- Jalonick, Mary Claire (June 12, 2017). China a step closer to resuming US beef imports. Fox Business (from the Associated Press). Retrieved June 12, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- China takes delivery of first shipments of American beef in 14 years. Reuters. June 23, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
- Patton, Dominique (June 29, 2017). Chinese ready to tuck into U.S. beef imports after 14-year wait. Reuters. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
- Lynch, James Q. (July 12, 2017). After 14 years, U.S. beef hits Chinese market. The Gazette. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
- Richter, Greg (July 12, 2017). US Beef Back in China After 14-Year Absence. Newsmax. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
- U.S. Beef Debuts in China After 14 Years, May Help Balance Trade. Bloomberg. June 30, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- Jozwiak, Rikard (July 8, 2017). Trump Wins Concessions On Climate, Trade As G20 Leaders Agree On Summit Statement. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
- Peker, Emre; Horobin, William (July 9, 2017). G20 2017: Leaders compromise on trade, split on climate. The Australian. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
- G-20: Donald Trump’s ‘America First’ policy wins concession in summit. The Indian Express. July 8, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
- Delcker, Janosch; Herszenhorn, David M. (July 8, 2017). Angela Merkel steers G20 leaders to compromise on trade. Politico. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- Durisin, Megan; Bjerga, Alan (July 20, 2017). The U.S. Can Now Ship Rice to China for the First Time. Bloomberg. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
- Erickson, Bo (July 20, 2017). U.S. rice to be exported to China for first time. CBS News. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
- Hirtzer, Michael (July 20, 2017). China agrees to allow imports of U.S. rice for first time: USDA. Reuters. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
- Yu, Roger (July 21, 2017). China opens rice market for US exports for first time ever. USA Today. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
Subsequent developments:
- Higgins, Sean (December 28, 2018). China allows first-ever US rice imports. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-trade-rice/china-allows-first-ever-us-rice-imports-in-goodwill-gesture-ahead-of-trade-talks-idUSKCN1OR0LB. Reuters. December 28, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- Rodrigo, Chris Mills (December 28, 2018). China allows US rice imports for first time ahead of trade talks. The Hill. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- Pentchoukov, Ivan (July 4, 2019). For the First Time Ever, United States Sells Rice to China. The Epoch Times. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- Ingwersen, Julie; Smith, Barbara (July 3, 2019). United States makes first-ever rice sale to China: trade group. Reuters. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
- Trade Group: US Makes First-Ever Rice Sale to China. Newsmax. July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Cama, Timothy (July 31, 2017). Trump officials hail coal export deal with Ukraine. The Hill. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
- US, for First Time, to Sell Coal to Ukraine. Voice of America. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- Prentice, Alessandra (July 31, 2017). After Trump meeting, Ukraine to import U.S. thermal coal for the first time. Reuters. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- Natter, Ari (July 31, 2017). Ukraine Coal Exports Part of Trump Bid to Counter Russia. Bloomberg News. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- Pearce, Tim (July 31, 2017). US Coal Will Help Secure Ukraine’s Energy Independence From Russia. The Daily Caller. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
Coal shipments started in August 2017:
- U.S. Sends First Coal Shipment To Ukraine To Bolster Energy Security. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. August 23, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
- Graeber, Daniel J. (August 22, 2017). In a first, U.S. ships coal to Ukraine. UPI. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
- Siciliano, John (August 21, 2017). Trump officials celebrate first coal shipment to Ukraine. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
- US Officials, Miner Celebrate 1st Shipment of Domestic Coal to Ukraine. Sputnik. August 22, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
↑ ^23.0 ^23.1
Multiple references:
- Miller, S.A. (August 8, 2017). U.S. hits China with import tax for dumping aluminum foil. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
- U.S. Seeks Import Duties on Chinese Aluminum Foil. Bloomberg. August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
- Horowitz, Julia (August 9, 2017). Trump moves to slap duties on Chinese aluminum foil. CNN Money. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
↑ ^24.0 ^24.1
Multiple references:
- U.S. finds China aluminum foil imports dumped, subsidized. Reuters. February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- U.S. Slaps Duties on China Aluminum Foil as Xi Ally Arrives. Bloomberg. February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- US slaps stiff duties on aluminum foil from China. Deutsche Welle. February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- US Proposes Anti-dumping Duties on Chinese Aluminum Foil. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- U.S. wants to raise import duties on Chinese aluminum foil. CBS News. February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
↑ ^25.0 ^25.1
Multiple references:
- U.S. trade panel says imports of aluminum foil from China harm U.S. producers. Reuters. March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- ITC, in final vote, finds Chinese aluminum foil imports injure the U.S. industry. World Trade Online. March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Bredemeier, Ken (August 14, 2017). Trump Orders China Trade Investigation. Voice of America. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
- Spiering, Charlie (August 14, 2017). Donald Trump Directs Investigation of China for Theft of Intellectual Property. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
- Trump targets China trade policies with executive action. Fox News. August 14, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
- Fabian, Jordan (August 14, 2017). Trump signs memo on Chinese trade practices. The Hill. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
- Wroughton, Lesley; Mason, Jeff (August 14, 2017). Trump orders probe of China's intellectual property practices. Reuters. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
USTR Lighthizer formally launched the investigation on August 18, 2017:
- Carney, John (August 18, 2017). It Begins: U.S. Launches China Trade Probe. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
- Kasperowicz, Pete (August 18, 2017). US Trade Representative launches IPR investigation into China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
- Greenwood, Max (August 18, 2017). US determines Chinese trade practices merit ‘thorough investigation’. The Hill. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
- U.S. formally launches probe of China's intellectual property practices. Reuters. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
- US launches China trade secret probe. Deutsche Welle. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- US Slaps 220 Percent Duty on Canada's Bombardier Jets. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). September 26, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
- Scott, Alwyn; Lampert, Allison (September 26, 2017). U.S. slaps steep duties on Bombardier jets after Boeing complaint. Reuters. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
- Canada's Bombardier jets hit with 220% U.S. duty. CBS News. September 27, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
- Needham, Vicki (September 26, 2017). US slaps steep tariffs on Canadian jets. The Hill. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
- Berthiaume, Lee (September 26, 2017). Bombardier hit with 219% duty on sale of jets to Delta Air Lines. The Toronto Star. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
- Friedman, Victoria (September 27, 2017). UK Aerospace Manufacturing to Face Tariffs after May Turns on Trump, Makes Concessions to EU. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- US Slaps More Duties on Canada’s Bombardier. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
- Haynes, Danielle (October 6, 2017). U.S. slaps Bombardier with more duties in Boeing dispute. UPI. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
- Scott, Alwyn (October 6, 2017). U.S. backs 300 percent in duties on Bombardier after Boeing complaint. Reuters. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
- Campbell, John (October 7, 2017). Further tariff of 80% imposed on import of C-Series plane. BBC News. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
- Gregg, Aaron (October 6, 2017). U.S. escalates trade dispute with Canada in new tariff decision. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (January 26, 2018). US Trade Commission Rejects Boeing Claim Against Canadian Plane Maker Bombardier. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- Lampert, Allison; Wroughton, Lesley (January 26, 2018). U.S. trade body backs Canadian plane maker Bombardier against Boeing. Reuters. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- Sands, David R. (January 26, 2018). Canada first: U.S. trade panel unexpectedly rejects Boeing trade complaint. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (November 28, 2017). Commerce Department Launches Antidumping Investigation of Chinese Aluminum Producers. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
- Lawder, David (November 28, 2017). U.S. Commerce Dept 'self-initiates' dumping probe of Chinese aluminum. Reuters. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
- Wiseman, Paul (November 28, 2017). Trump administration pursues antidumping case against China. Fox News (from the Associated Press). Retrieved December 2, 2017.
- Deaux, Joe; Mayeda, Andrew (November 28, 2017). Trump Starts Probe Into Aluminum That China Calls Protectionist. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
- Lynch, David J. (November 28, 2017). Trump fires opening shot in China trade battle. The Washington Post. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
- Kight, Stef W. (November 28, 2017). U.S. going after China's aluminum dumping. Axios. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
↑
Vinik, Danny (December 1, 2017). 5 things Trump did this week while you weren't looking. Politico. Retrieved December 2, 2017. The International Trade Commission approved the duties on January 3, 2018:
- Vinik, Danny (January 5, 2018). In one big week, Trump delivers for conservatives. Politico. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Lawder, David (November 30, 2017). U.S. formally opposes China market economy status at WTO. Reuters. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
- US Formally Opposes China Market Economy Status at WTO. Voice of America (from Reuters). December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
- Wiseman, Paul (December 1, 2017). US joins trade fight against China at WTO. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
↑ Proclamation 9627 of July 17, 2017 -- Made in America Day and Made in America Week, 2017. Federal Register. July 20, 2017. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Siciliano, John (July 31, 2017). US coal floods Europe despite continent's fear about climate change. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
- Gardner, Timothy; Chestney, Nina (July 27, 2017). U.S. coal exports soar, in boost to Trump energy agenda, data shows. Reuters. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- Trump talks tough on trade, reaffirms 'America first' policy at Asia summit. Fox News. November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
- Spiering, Charlie (November 13, 2017). Donald Trump Challenges China and World Trade Organization in APEC Speech. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
- Colvin, Jill; Lemire, Jonathan (November 10, 2017). Trump at APEC summit says U.S. will no longer be taken advantage of on trade. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved November 13, 2017.
- Holland, Steve; Tostevin, Matthew (November 10, 2017). Trump brings tough trade message in vision for Asia. Reuters. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- Spiering, Charlie (November 9, 2017). Donald Trump: I Blame Previous Presidents for Massive Trade Deficit, Not China. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
- Trump says US trade with China has not been fair, urges country to squeeze North Korea. Fox News. November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
- Lawler, Dave (November 9, 2017). Trump to Chinese leaders: I don't blame you for taking advantage of us. Axios. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
↑
Multiple references:
- Collins, Keith; Lee, Jasmine C. (July 11, 2018). How Trump’s Trade War Went From 18 Products to 10,000. The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Salama, Vivian (September 25, 2018). Trump Pursues Trade Deals in Asia, Europe Amid Frostiness With China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
- ‘Where Do We Have Tariffs?’ Trump Asks. Here’s a List. The Wall Street Journal. October 24, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
- Factbox: Tariff wars - duties imposed by Trump and U.S. trading partners. Reuters. November 30, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
See also:
- Akan, Emel (December 27, 2018). Trump’s Tariffs Shake Up the Global Trade Order. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Carney, John (July 25, 2018). What Trump Knows About Tariffs that Establishment Trade Economists Forgot. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
- Puzder, Andy (July 2, 2018). Trump's trade critics are wrong -- His tariffs could bring major benefits to America. Fox News. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
- Mauldin, William; Dapena, Kara (August 10, 2018). Tracking Trump’s Trade Talks. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
- Thomas, Ken (September 3, 2018). Trump sees mixing trade, foreign policy as good politics. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved September 3, 2018.
- Thomas, Cal (October 4, 2018). Cal Thomas: Trump promised to put American interests first – he wasn’t kidding. Fox News. Retrieved October 4, 2018.
- Carney, John (October 25, 2018). ‘Where Do We Have Tariffs?’ Trump Asks. He’s Got A Point. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
- Cheung, Steven (November 30, 2018). Trump is winning on trade -- Don't let the 'experts' fool you. Fox News. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
- Ip, Greg (December 26, 2018). Trump Didn’t Kill the Global Trade System. He Split It in Two. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
- Moons, Michelle (February 6, 2019). Commerce Secretary: President’s Tariffs Have ‘Strengthened America’s National Security’. Breitbart News. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
The Trump Administration also took trade actions against smaller nations:
- Craymer, Lucy; Zumbrun, Josh (August 12, 2018). U.S. Takes Trade Fight to Smaller Nations. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
- Uwiringiyimana, Clement; Bavier, Joe (May 24, 2018). Trump versus Rwanda in trade battle over used clothes. Reuters. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Zumbrun, Josh (July 31, 2018). Strong Economic Growth Boosts U.S. in Trade Battles. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
Specifically regarding China:
- Carney, John (August 14, 2018). China’s Economy Weakens as Trade Fight Heats Up, Emboldening Xi’s Critics. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
- Nazarian, Adelle (August 14, 2018). Chinese Economy Cools Down as Trade Fight with U.S. Heats Up. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
- China’s Growth Engine Sputters as It Battles U.S. Over Trade. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
- China’s Economy Losing Steam as Trade Conflict With U.S. Intensifies. The Wall Street Journal. September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
- Adelmann, Bob (September 30, 2018). Trump’s Tariffs Are Biting China. The New American. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
- Adelmann, Bob (October 19, 2018). Chinese Economy Slowing Down, Government Denies It. The New American. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- Carney, John (October 19, 2018). China’s Economy Stumbles as Trade War Squeeze Tightens. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
See also:
- Byas, Steve (June 26, 2018). U.S. Economic Upsurge and Trump’s Tax and Tariff Policies. The New American. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
- Carney, John (August 9, 2018). Jobless Claims Unexpectedly Fell and Inflation Ticked Down, Suggesting Strong U.S. Economy Unfazed by Trade War. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
↑
Jasper, William F. (August 22, 2018). “Made In China 2025” Master Plan Has Hit a Wall Named Trump. The New American. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
See also:
- Kasperowicz, Pete (October 8, 2018). Trump tariffs raise $4.4 billion and counting. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
- Svab, Petr (October 8, 2018). Trump Admin Collecting $4.4 Billion From Tariffs on Steel, Aluminium, China Goods: Report. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- O'Keeffe, Kate (November 12, 2018). U.S. Adopts New Battle Plan to Fight China’s Theft of Trade Secrets. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
- Akan, Emel (November 12, 2018). White House Opens New Front in China Trade War. The Epoch Times. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
President Trump's statements on revenue from U.S. tariffs on China:
- Muñoz, Gabriella (November 29, 2018). 'Billions and billions' from tariffs are making Trump second-guess deal with China. The Washington Times. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
- Rodrigo, Chris Mills (November 29, 2018). Trump touts billions of dollars ‘pouring into U.S. coffers’ from China tariffs ahead of meeting with Xi. The Hill. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
- Moons, Michelle (November 29, 2018). Trump Debating China Deal or No Heading into G20. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
- Boyer, Dave (January 3, 2019). Trump says U.S. gaining billions from tariffs on China. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Binder, John (November 21, 2018). Free Trade Economists Fail: China Paying for Trump Tariffs – Not U.S. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
- Kruta, Virginia (November 19, 2018). Report: China is Picking Up the Tab for Trump's Trade War. The Daily Caller. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
- Tapscott, Mark (November 21, 2018). Trump’s Tariffs Slashing U.S. Trade Deficit with China, Euro Study Finds. LifeZette. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
- Pi, Xiaoqing (November 19, 2018). China Is Paying for Most of Trump's Trade War, Research Says. Bloomberg. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
- Kight, Stef W. (November 24, 2018). Analysis: Trump's trade war with China might be working. Axios. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
- Graupner, Hardy (November 20, 2018). No winners in US-China trade spat — says who? Deutsche Welle. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
See also:
- Carney, John (January 2, 2019). China Cracks: Manufacturing Sector Contracts for First Time Since Trade War Began. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Ailworth, Erin (January 22, 2018). U.S. Imposes New Tariffs, Ramping Up ‘America First’ Trade Policy. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- Trump applies tariffs to solar panels, washing machines. Associated Press. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- Carney, John (January 22, 2018). AMERICA FIRST: Trump Imposes 30% Tariff on Imported Solar Products and Washing Machines. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- Needham, Vicki (January 22, 2018). Trump slaps tariffs on imported washing machines, solar panel technology. The Hill. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- Lynch, David J. (January 22, 2018). Trump imposes tariffs on solar panels and washing machines in first major trade action of 2018. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
President Trump signed the tariffs into effect the next day:
- Korte, Gregory; Jackson, David (January 23, 2018). In bid to save manufacturing jobs, Trump signs tariffs on washing machines, solar cells. USA Today. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- Proclamation 9693 of January 23, 2018 -- To Facilitate Positive Adjustment to Competition From Imports of Certain Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells (Whether or Not Partially or Fully Assembled Into Other Products) and for Other Purposes. Federal Register. January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- Proclamation 9694 of January 23, 2018 -- To Facilitate Positive Adjustment to Competition From Imports of Large Residential Washers. Federal Register. January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
See also:
- Bradsher, Keith; Wee, Sui-Lee (January 23, 2018). U.S. Tariffs, Aimed at China and South Korea, to Hit Targets Worldwide. The New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
↑ ^42.0 ^42.1
Multiple references:
- Singman, Brooke; Burman, Blake (March 8, 2018). Trump imposes tariffs on all steel, aluminum imports; exempts Mexico and Canada for now. Fox News. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- Carney, John (March 8, 2018). In Triumph for Economic Nationalism, Trump Imposes Sweeping Metals Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- Spiering, Charlie (March 8, 2018). Promises Kept: Donald Trump Signs Steel and Aluminum Tariffs to Protect Workers. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- Fabian, Jordan; Needham, Vicki (March 8, 2018). Defying GOP, Trump orders steel and aluminum tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- Boyer, Dave (March 8, 2018). Trump spares NAFTA partners from tariffs on steel, aluminum. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Ballhaus, Rebecca (March 8, 2018). Trump Signs Metals Tariffs Sparing Some Allies. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
- Akan, Emel (March 8, 2018). Trump Signs Orders on Steel and Aluminum Imports. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Baker, Peter; Swanson, Ana (March 8, 2018). Trump Authorizes Tariffs, Defying Allies at Home and Abroad. The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
See also:
- Akan, Emel (March 6, 2019). Manufacturers and Steelworkers Defend Import Tariffs. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Vavra, Shannon; Canipe, Chris (March 23, 2018). Where Trump's steel and aluminum trade war will hit first. Axios. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- US Steel, Aluminum Tariffs Activated; Some Countries Exempt. Voice of America. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- Cerbin, Carolyn McAtee (March 23, 2018). Trump exempts some allies from steel, aluminum tariffs. USA Today. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- Davis, Bob (March 23, 2018). White House Names Allies to Receive Tariff Reprieve. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- Samuels, Brett (March 22, 2018). White House: Trump will delay steel tariffs for EU, six countries. The Hill. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- Wroughton, Lesley (March 22, 2018). Trump temporarily excludes EU, six other allies from steel tariffs. Reuters. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Chamberlain, Samuel (April 30, 2018). White House delays tariffs on EU, Canada, Mexico ahead of tense China talks. Fox News. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
- Bender, Michael C.; Mauldin, William (April 30, 2018). Trump Postpones Steel Tariff Decision for EU, Other U.S. Allies. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
- Lawder, David (April 30, 2018). Trump delays metal tariffs on Canada, EU, Mexico, exempts some others. Reuters. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
- Needham, Vicki; Elis, Niv (April 30, 2018). Trump delays steel tariffs for EU, other US allies. The Hill. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
- Horsley, Scott (May 31, 2018). Trump Administration Delays Most Tariffs On Steel, Aluminum. NPR. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
However, on August 29, 2018, President Trump signed two proclamations allowing for exemptions from the quotas enacted on South Korea, Brazil and Argentina:
- Trump allows targeted relief on steel, aluminum quotas: Commerce Department. Reuters. August 29, 2018. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
- Proclamation 9776 of August 29, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States. Federal Register. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
- Proclamation 9777 of August 29, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States. Federal Register. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Moons, Michelle (May 31, 2018). U.S. Imposes Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on EU, Canada, and Mexico. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
- Needham, Vicki (May 31, 2018). Trump slaps steel, aluminum tariffs on EU, Canada and Mexico. The Hill. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
- De Lea, Brittany (May 31, 2018). Trump to remove tariff exemption from EU, Canada, Mexico. Fox Business. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
- Dinan, Stephen; Miller, S.A. (May 31, 2018). Trump threatens NAFTA after imposing tariffs on U.S. allies to punish 'unfair competition'. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
- Fritze, John (May 31, 2018). Trump imposes steel, aluminum tariffs on U.S. allies and Europe plans to retaliate. USA Today. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
- Mauldin, William (May 31, 2018). U.S. Tariffs Prompt Anger, Retaliation From Trade Allies. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
For the actual proclamations President Trump signed:
- Proclamation 9758 of May 31, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States. Federal Register. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Proclamation 9759 of May 31, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States. Federal Register. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
The U.S. government had already collected over $110 million from the tariffs two weeks after they were imposed:
- Fernandez, Henry (June 15, 2018). Trump tariffs rake in more than $110M. Fox Business. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
See also:
- Morrongiello, Gabby (May 31, 2018). Trump ends his nice-guy routine on trade. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
- Gomez, Christian (June 25, 2018). Global Trade Order on Verge of Collapse? The New American. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
- Gomez, Christian (June 29, 2018). UN & Obama Fear Trump Trade Tariffs Jeopardizing New World Order. The New American. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
- Ferry, Jeff (June 2, 2018). US steel and aluminum tariffs — the right move at the right time. The Hill. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
However, the Commerce Department approved many exemptions to the tariffs:
- Pacheco, Inti; Tita, Bob (January 2, 2019). Tariff Exclusions for Certain Steel Imports Sow Confusion. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (September 24, 2019). Trump administration approving almost half of requests to avoid steel tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
The Trump Administration announced on May 17, 2019, that it had reached an agreement to lift the tariffs on Canada and Mexico in exchange for the two countries lifting their retaliatory tariffs along with stronger enforcement measures to prevent Chinese steel entering the U.S. through the two countries:
- Carney, John (May 17, 2019). Trump Says U.S. Will Remove Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on Canada. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (May 17, 2019). White House agrees to lift steel, aluminum tariffs on Mexico, Canada. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Salama, Vivian; Zumbrun, Josh; Mackrael, Kim (May 17, 2019). U.S. Reaches Deal With Canada, Mexico to End Steel and Aluminum Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Boyer, Dave; Howell, Tom (May 17, 2019). Trump to lift steel, aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Krisher, Tom; Freking, Kevin; Gillies, Rob (May 17, 2019). Trump lifts tariffs on Mexico, Canada, delays auto tariffs. Associated Press. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Lawder, David; Scherer, Steve (May 17, 2019). U.S. lifts tariffs on Canadian, Mexican metals in boost for trade pact. Reuters. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Sakelaris, Nicholas; Haynes, Danielle (May 17, 2019). U.S. agrees to lift tariffs on metals for Canada, Mexico. UPI. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Tausche, Kayla; Pramuk, Jacob (May 17, 2019). US reaches deal to lift steel and aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico. CNBC. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Fritze, John; Collins, Michael (May 17, 2019). Trump will suspend year-old steel, aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico. USA Today. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Chappell, Bill (May 17, 2019). U.S. Will Lift Tariffs On Steel And Aluminum From Canada And Mexico. NPR. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Politi, James; Webber, Jude; Brunsden, Jim (May 17, 2019). Donald Trump eases tariffs for allies as he focuses on China. Financial Times. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
Canada and Mexico lifted their retaliatory tariffs on May 20, 2019:
- Lane, Sylvan (May 20, 2019). Canada, Mexico lift tariffs on US goods after Trump scraps steel, aluminum levies. The Hill. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (May 20, 2019). Canada and Mexico lift tariffs against US. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
More on this:
- Desai, Pratima; Saminather, Nichola (July 23, 2019). Aluminum producers in Canada cash in on U.S. tariff exemption. Reuters. Retrieved July 23, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Singman, Brooke (March 22, 2018). President Trump announces new round of tariffs, investment restrictions against China. Fox News. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- Miller, S.A. (March 22, 2018). Trump hits China with $60 billion in tariffs. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- Carney, John (March 22, 2018). Trump Announces $50 Billion of Anti-China Tariffs and Restrictions on Chinese Investments in the U.S. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- Needham, Vicki; Fabian, Jordan (March 22, 2018). Trump says new tariffs, penalties on China could total $60B. The Hill. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- Wroughton, Lesley; Rampton, Roberta (March 22, 2018). Trump moves toward China tariffs in warning shot on technology transfer. Reuters. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- Chang, Peggy (March 22, 2018). Trump Launches Action Toward Imposing Tariffs Against Chinese Imports. Voice of America. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
According to Voice of America, the last time Section 301 was used was during Bill Clinton's presidency:
- Herman, Steve (March 22, 2018). Trump Takes Action on Chinese Imports. Voice of America. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
See also:
- Moons, Michelle (March 22, 2018). Trump Touts ‘Major’ Trade Negotiations with China While Signing 301 Action for ‘Reciprocal Trade’. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Chamberlain, Samuel (April 3, 2018). US proposes extra tariffs on $50B in Chinese products to protest tech theft. Fox News. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
- Davis, Bob; Zumbrun, Josh; Wei, Lingling (April 3, 2018). U.S. Announces Tariffs on $50 Billion of China Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
- Lawder, David (April 3, 2018). U.S. escalates China trade showdown with tariffs on $50 billion in imports. Reuters. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
- Carney, John (April 4, 2018). Trump Administration Unveils Tariffs on $50 Billion of Chinese Imports. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
- Miller, S.A. (April 3, 2018). Trump hits China with tariffs on 1,300 products. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
- Higgins, Sean (April 3, 2018). White House tariffs target vehicles, metals, health products from China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
- US Unveils Tariffs on $50 Billion Worth of Chinese Imports. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). Retrieved April 5, 2018.
See also:
- Carney, John (April 4, 2018). Anti-Trump Narrative Fails As Stocks Shrug Off Trade War Talk. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Dedaj, Paulina (April 5, 2018). Trump calls for consideration of $100B in new tariffs against China. Fox News. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- Spiering, Charlie (April 5, 2018). Donald Trump Threatens $100 Billion More Tariffs Against China. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- Boyer, Dave (April 5, 2018). Trump orders review of $100 billion more in tariffs on China. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- Fabian, Jordan; Manchester, Julia (April 5, 2018). Trump orders officials to look at $100 billion in new Chinese tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- Trump proposes $100 billion more in new tariffs on China. Reuters. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- Trump Proposes $100 Billion More in Tariffs on China. Voice of America (from Reuters). Retrieved April 5, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Trump renews plan to impose tariffs on $50B of Chinese goods. Fox News (from the Associated Press). Retrieved May 29, 2018.
- Mauldin, William; Wei, Lingling (May 29, 2018). U.S. Moves Ahead on China Trade Curbs, Catching Beijing Off Guard. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
- Moons, Michelle (May 29, 2018). U.S. Levies Tariff on $50 Billion in Chinese Tech Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
- U.S. to continue trade actions against China: White House. Reuters. May 29, 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
- Needham, Vicki (May 29, 2018). White House move raises trade tensions with China. The Hill. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
- Bowden, John (May 29, 2018). Trump moves forward with tech limits, tariffs ahead of China trade meeting. The Hill. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
- Chang, Peggy (May 29, 2018). Trump to Impose Tariffs on $50B of China's Tech Goods. Voice of America. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Spiering, Charlie (June 15, 2018). Donald Trump Announces 25 Percent Tariff on Chinese Goods and Technology. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- Miller, S.A. (June 15, 2018). Trump tariffs hit $50 billion of Chinese goods. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- Adelmann, Bob (June 15, 2018). Trump Slaps Tariffs on $50 Billion of Chinese Goods. The New American. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- Needham, Vicki; Greenwood, Max (June 15, 2018). Trump announces tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- Fritze, John (June 15, 2018). Trump slaps steep tariffs on hundreds of Chinese products. USA Today. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- Lawder, David; Blanchard, Ben (June 15, 2018). Trump sets tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods; Beijing strikes back. Reuters. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- Wiseman, Paul; Thomas, Ken (June 15, 2018). A trade war looms as Trump slaps tariffs on Chinese imports. Associated Press. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
China retaliated to President Trump's tariffs:
- Moons, Michelle (June 15, 2018). China Retaliates Against U.S. Tariffs with ‘Equal Scale’ Tax Measures. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- Klingel, Leia (June 15, 2018). China retaliates against Trump's $50B in tariffs, slaps tariffs worth as much on US goods. Fox Business. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
- Davis, Bob; Salama, Vivian; Wei, Lingling (June 15, 2018). China Issues Retaliatory Tariffs as Trade Fight Heats Up. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Boyer, Dave (June 18, 2018). Trump threatens more tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese exports. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
- Rocco, Matthew (June 18, 2018). Trump threatens to slap China with $200 billion in new tariffs. Fox Business. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
- Moons, Michelle (June 18, 2018). Trump Orders Up to $400B in Tariffs if China Does Not Change Trade Practices. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
- Needham, Vicki; Samuels, Brett (June 18, 2018). Trump calls for tariffs on additional $200B in Chinese goods as trade war ramps up. The Hill. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
- Mauldin, William (June 18, 2018). Donald Trump Threatens New Tariffs on $200 Billion in China Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
- Fritze, John (June 18, 2018). Trump threatens to slap new tariffs on $200 billion in Chinese goods. USA Today. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
- Correll, Diana Stancy (June 18, 2018). Trump ratchets up trade war on China, vows tariffs on $200 billion worth of goods. Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
See also:
- Martina, Michael; Beech, Eric (June 18, 2018). China slams U.S. 'blackmailing' as Trump issues new trade threat. Reuters. June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Chamberlain, Samuel (July 10, 2018). US prepares to impose new tariffs on additional $200B worth of Chinese goods. Fox News. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
- Bowden, John (July 10, 2018). White House announces additional $200B in tariffs targeting China. The Hill. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
- Davis, Bob (July 10, 2018). U.S. Unveils Additional Tariffs on $200 Billion More in Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
- Carney, John (July 11, 2018). Trump Administration Announces New Tariffs on $200 Billion of China Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
- Boyer, Dave (July 10, 2018). Trump readies $200 billion in new tariffs as China trade war escalates. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
- Higgins, Sean (July 10, 2018). Trump administration details $200B in new tariffs on China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
- Wiseman, Paul (July 10, 2018). US proposes tariffs on $200 billion more in Chinese imports. Associated Press. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
China's reaction:
- China 'shocked' by US actions in trade dispute. BBC News. July 11, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
- Beech, Eric; Glenn, Elias (July 10, 2018). China says will hit back after U.S. proposes fresh tariffs on $200 billion in goods. Reuters. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
- McDonald, Joe (July 11, 2018). China vows retaliation for $200 billion US tariff threat. Associated Press. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
See also:
- Schlesinger, Jacob M. (July 11, 2018). This Time Around, Chinese Consumer Products Would Face Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Martin, Ken (July 6, 2018). Tariffs on Chinese goods now in effect. Fox Business. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (July 6, 2018). U.S., China Dig In for Long Trade War as Tariffs Take Effect. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Trump Tariffs Take Effect; China Retaliates. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Needham, Vicki (July 6, 2018). Trump's trade war with China shifts into high gear Friday. The Hill. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Williams, Joe; Langford, James (July 6, 2018). Trump's trade war escalates as tariffs slam Chinese imports. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- McDonald, Joe; Wiseman, Paul; Superville, Darlene (July 6, 2018). U.S. tariffs take effect; China announces retaliation. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved July 6, 2018.
China announced it would retaliate with its own additional tariffs:
- Lieu, Amy (July 6, 2018). China hits back after U.S. imposes tariffs on $34B in Chinese imports. Fox News. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Hjelmgaard, Kim (July 6, 2018). Trump launches $34 billion trade war and China 'immediately' fires back. USA Today. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Martina, Michael; Lawder, David (July 5, 2018). As tariffs strike, China blames U.S. for 'largest-scale trade war'. Reuters. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Hayward, John (July 5, 2018). China: U.S. ‘Opening Fire on the Entire World’ with Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
The USTR's "'exclusion' process" from the tariffs:
- Davis, Bob (July 6, 2018). U.S. Trade Representative Announces ‘Exclusion’ Process for Products Hit by U.S. Tariffs on China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- USTR sets 90-day deadline for China tariff exclusion requests. Reuters. July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
See also:
- Miller, S.A. (July 5, 2018). Not backing down: Trump readies more tariffs on China. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Moons, Michelle (July 5, 2018). Trump Confirms $34B Tariffs on China, Possible $516B More. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Lawder, David; Glenn, Elias (July 4, 2018). Trump says U.S. tariffs could be applied to Chinese goods worth $500 billion. Reuters. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Byas, Steve (July 6, 2018). Will U.S. Come Out on Top in U.S.-China Trade War? The New American. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Dedaj, Paulina (August 1, 2018). Trump asks trade rep to consider boosting tariffs on Chinese imports from 10 percent to 25. Fox News. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
- Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (August 1, 2018). U.S. Turns Up the Heat on China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
- Carney, John (August 1, 2018). White House Plans 25% Tariffs on China. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
- Lawder, David; Blanchard, Ben (August 1, 2018). Trump administration adds to China trade pressure with higher tariff plan. Reuters. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
- Fritze, John (August 1, 2018). Donald Trump threatens billions more in China trade tariffs; Beijing says it won't respond to U.S. 'blackmail'. USA Today. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Moons, Michelle (August 7, 2018). Trump Slaps New Tariffs on $16 Billion of Chinese Imports. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- Schlesinger, Jacob M. (August 7, 2018). U.S. to Impose Tariffs on Another $16 Billion in Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- Rocco, Matthew (August 7, 2018). Trump administration finalizes tariffs on $16 billion in Chinese goods. Fox Business. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- Elis, Niv (August 7, 2018). Trump to hit China with $16B in tariffs on Aug. 23. The Hill. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- Lawder, David (August 7, 2018). U.S. finalizes next China tariff list targeting $16 billion in imports. Reuters. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- Collins, Michael (August 7, 2018). Trump escalates trade war with 25 percent tariffs on another $16 billion in Chinese goods. USA Today. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
China's reaction:
- Carney, John (August 8, 2018). China Strikes Back! Promises to Retaliate with $16 Billion in New Tariffs on U.S. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- Muñoz, Gabriella (August 8, 2018). China slaps U.S. with 25% retaliatory tariff on $16 billion worth of goods. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- China to slap additional tariffs on $16 billion worth of U.S. goods. Reuters. August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
- Kubota, Yoko (August 8, 2018). China Retaliates With New Tariffs, Hunkering Down for a Long Trade Fight. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
- Yap, Chuin-Wei (August 9, 2018). China’s Tariff Turnaround: U.S. Crude Oil Drops Off the Target List. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Needham, Vicki (August 23, 2018). US implements $16B in tariffs on Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
- Martin, Ken (August 23, 2018). US, China impose new round of tariffs. Fox Business. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
- China, U.S. Fire Off New Tariffs in Middle of Trade Talks. The Wall Street Journal. August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
- Collins, Michael (August 23, 2018). U.S., China impose fresh round of tariffs as escalating trade war shows no signs of ending. USA Today. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
- Brokaw, Sommer (August 23, 2018). New U.S. tariffs kick in for Chinese goods; Beijing retaliates. UPI. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
- Martina, Michael; Lawder, David (August 22, 2018). U.S.-China talks on trade war resume as new tariffs kick in. Reuters. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Chamberlain, Samuel (September 17, 2018). Trump imposes tariffs on additional $200B of Chinese goods. Fox News. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
- Moons, Michelle (September 17, 2018). Trump Issues More Tariffs on $200 Billion in Chinese Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
- Miller, S.A. (September 17, 2018). Trump announces new tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese imports. The Washington Times. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
- Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Salama, Vivian (September 17, 2018). Trump Announces New Tariffs on Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
- Adelmann, Bob (September 18, 2018). Trump Puts Tariffs on Another $200B of Chinese Imports; China Retaliates. The New American. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
- Needham, Vicki (September 17, 2018). Trump announces tariffs on $200B in Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
- Lawder, David; Mason, Jeff (September 17, 2018). Trump slaps tariffs on $200 billion in Chinese goods, spares some consumer tech. Reuters. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
China's response to the tariffs:
- Moons, Michelle (September 18, 2018). China Retaliates! Levies Tariffs on $60B in U.S. Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
- Wei, Lingling; Schlesinger, Jacob M. (September 19, 2018). China Retaliates With Tariffs on $60 Billion of U.S. Goods. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
See also:
- Carney, John (September 18, 2018). Stocks Jump Higher as Trump Escalates Trade War. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
- Bradsher, Keith (September 18, 2018). China Once Looked Tough on Trade. Now Its Options Are Dwindling. The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- Chang, Gordon G. (September 17, 2018). Gordon Chang: Trump's latest China tariffs are the right thing to do. Fox News. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Casiano, Louis (December 2, 2018). US, China agree to 90-day truce to hash out trade differences. Fox News. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
- Wong, Kristina (December 1, 2018). Trump to Hold Off on Tariff Hikes Against China, Negotiations Continue. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
- Wiseman, Paul; Miller, Zeke; Lucey, Catherine (December 2, 2018). U.S., China reach 90-day cease fire in trade dispute. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved December 2, 2018.
- Bowden, John (December 1, 2018). Trump, Xi agree to 90-day tariff pause citing progress on trade disputes. The Hill. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
- Wei, Lingling; Davis, Bob; Leary, Alex (December 2, 2018). U.S., China Reach a Truce on Trade. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
- Adelmann, Bob (December 3, 2018). 90-Day Truce Called in U.S.-China Trade Dispute. The New American. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
However, some critics of China were concerned about this action:
- Carney, John (December 2, 2018). Buenos Aires Trade Truce Seen as a ‘Trap’ and a ‘Disaster’ by China Hawks. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
See also:
- Areddy, James T.; Jun, Kwanwoo (December 2, 2018). Tariff Truce With China Eases ‘Cold War’ Fears. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
- Miller, S.A. (December 2, 2018). Trump's China trade truce cheered by U.S. business leaders. The Washington Times. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
- Spiering, Charlie (December 3, 2018). Donald Trump Spins 90 Day China Truce as ‘Big Leap Forward’. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
- McDonald, Joe (December 3, 2018). China gets US tariff delay but movement on tech unclear. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved December 3, 2018.
- Kelly, Laura; Howell, Tom (December 3, 2018). 'Game changer': China agrees to crack down on fentanyl after pressure from Trump. The Washington Times. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
- Adelmann, Bob (December 4, 2018). Improvements in China Trade Relations to Happen “Very Quickly” Says Top Trump Official. The New American. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
- Salama, Vivian (December 4, 2018). Trump Team Set to Take Tough Stand in 90-Day Trade Talks With China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
- Stoll, John D. (December 8, 2018). Trump’s Tough China Tack Wins Over Skeptical CEOs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
Further developments:
- Moons, Michelle (February 24, 2019). 5 Days to Tariffs — President Donald Trump Extends Deadline After China Trade Talks. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
- Chamberlain, Samuel (February 24, 2019). Trump delays China tariff hike, announces Xi summit, citing 'substantial progress' in trade talks. Fox News. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
- Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (February 24, 2019). Trump to Delay Tariff Increases on Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
- Carney, John (February 24, 2019). Many China Hawks Okay with Tariff Delay. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (March 1, 2019). Trump administration 'postponing' China tariff hikes indefinitely. Washington Examiner. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
- U.S. Trade Representative issues notice on delay of China tariff increase. Reuters. March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
↑ ^59.0 ^59.1
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (May 10, 2019). China Tariffs Rise to 25% Even While Trade Talks Persist. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (May 10, 2019). Trump hikes tariffs on Chinese goods as trade talks resume. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (May 10, 2019). Trump hikes tariffs on Chinese imports. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Axelrod, Tal (May 10, 2019). US tariff hike takes effect, China vows retaliation. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Davis, Bob; Zumbrun, Josh (May 10, 2019). U.S. Slaps Higher Tariffs on Chinese Imports as Trade Talks Resume. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Casiano, Louis (May 9, 2019). US to slap tariffs on $200B in Chinese goods, WH says, but trade talks to resume Friday. Fox News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Jackson, David; Collins, Michael; Fritze, John (May 9, 2019). Trump's 25% China tariffs begin as trade talks between two nations continue. USA Today. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Coote, Darryl; Sakelaris, Nicholas (May 10, 2019). U.S., Chinese negotiators end trade talks with no deal. UPI. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Pramuk, Jacob; Rosenfeld, Everett (May 10, 2019). US tariffs on China jump as deadline passes, China immediately says it will retaliate. CNBC. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
Subsequent statements by President Trump:
- Singman, Brooke (May 10, 2019). Trump says Obama let China get away with 'murder,' touts tariffs as trade standoff heats up. Fox News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Axelrod, Tal (May 10, 2019). Trump defends tariffs: 'Will bring in FAR MORE wealth' than traditional deal. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Riechmann, Deb (May 10, 2019). Trump says China tariffs help, not hurt the US. Associated Press. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Trump Claims China Tariffs Help, Not Hurt US, Talks Still On. The Epoch Times (from the Associated Press). May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Mason, Jeff; Pamuk, Humeyra (May 9, 2019). Trump says talks with China to continue as trade war escalates. Reuters. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Politi, James; Mitchell, Tom; Liu, Nian; Lockett, Hudson; Shrikanth, Siddarth (May 10, 2019). Donald Trump signals tougher line after trade talks end. Financial Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Fabian, Jordan (May 10, 2019). Trump touts tariffs as China, US fail to reach trade deal. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Donnan, Shawn; Zhao, Yinan; Han, Miao (May 11, 2019). Trump Warns China to Act on U.S. Trade Deal or Face Worse Terms. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
President Trump pointed out that companies could avoid those tariffs by producing in the U.S.:
- Siegel, Josh (May 11, 2019). Trump says companies should produce products in 'good old USA' to avoid tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- Trump to US companies: make products at home. Breitbart News (from AFP). May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- President Trump Urges Companies To Produce Domestically To Avoid Tariffs. One America News Network. May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- Trump Offers "Easy Way To Avoid Tariffs" - Make In Good Old USA. NDTV (from Agence France-Presse). May 12, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
Stocks rose the same day as the tariffs:
- Carney, John (May 10, 2019). Stocks Jump After Trump Calls Latest Talks with China “Constructive”. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Lockett, Hudson (May 10, 2019). Stocks rise despite dashed hopes over US-China trade deal. Financial Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Troise, Damian J.; Veiga, Alex (May 10, 2019). Stocks rebound as hopes rise that trade tensions will ease. Associated Press. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
Trade talks between the U.S. and China held that day ended without a deal:
- Davis, Bob (May 10, 2019). U.S.-China Trade Talks End Without a Deal. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Freking, Kevin (May 10, 2019). US-China talks break up after US raises tariffs. Associated Press. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- He, Cathy (May 10, 2019). US-China Trade Talks Break up With No Deal After US Enacts Tariff Hike. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Casiano, Louis (May 11, 2019). US-China trade talks end with no deal, but Trump puts faith in 'strong' relationship with Xi. Fox News. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- Widakuswara, Patsy (May 10, 2019). US-China Trade Talks End with No Apparent Deal. Voice of America. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
See also:
- Akan, Emel (May 13, 2019). New Tariffs Show Trump’s Determination to Squeeze China Over Trade. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Ellis, Curtis (May 10, 2019). What media won't tell you about Trump and China. WND. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- Carney, John (May 10, 2019). Carney: U.S. Consumers Will Not Suffer Even If Trump Raises Tariffs on All Chinese Imports. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Grant, Rebecca (May 10, 2019). Rebecca Grant: For Trump, the China trade war began long ago – and this is a war he’s determined not to lose. Fox News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Brady, Mark (May 10, 2019). Trump should walk if China refuses to change its ways. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Creitz, Charles (May 13, 2019). 'Trump, the clean-up man': Ingraham says president 'wisely using tariffs' to 'punish China'. Fox News. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Hurt, Charles (May 15, 2019). The Nuclear Option: Trump Schools Beltway — Again — This Time on China. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
- Wong, Sue-Lin; Liu, Nicolle (May 10, 2019). Chinese companies caught off guard by sudden US shift on trade. Financial Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Taplin, Nathaniel (May 10, 2019). More Tariffs Are Exactly What China Inc. Doesn’t Need. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- Hao, Nicole (May 10, 2019). Facing Uncertainty with US Trade Talks, China Checks on Grain Reserves to Ensure Enough Domestic Supply. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- Moore, Stephen (May 12, 2019). Why free-traders and all Americans should back Trump on China policy. The Hill. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (May 12, 2019). Why tariff war threatens Beijing’s global economic ambitions. Associated Press. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
- Finn, Tom (May 12, 2019). Chinese yuan falls to 2019 low on U.S.-China trade setback. Reuters. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Liu, Luoyan (May 13, 2019). China stocks, yuan weaken as trade war escalates. Reuters. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Crutsinger, Martin; Rugaber, Christopher (May 15, 2019). US, China trade conflict was 20 years in the making. Associated Press. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (May 16, 2019). Rhetoric Escalates in Trade War as Trump Targets Huawei. The New American. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- Batra, Ravi (May 30, 2019). Tariffs may make imports from China cheaper, not more expensive. The Hill. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
- U.S. begins collecting higher tariffs on Chinese goods arriving by sea. Reuters. May 31, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (June 7, 2019). White House delays tariff hike on numerous Chinese products. Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- Mauldin, William; Hughes, Siobhan (May 12, 2019). Broad Support for Trump’s China Fight Faces Test as Tariffs Escalate. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
↑
Multiple references:
- Stone, Mike (April 19, 2018). Trump launches effort to boost U.S. weapons sales abroad. Reuters. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- Muñoz, Carlo (April 19, 2018). ‘Buy America’: Trump approves direct overseas sales of armed U.S. drones. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- Mehta, Aaron (April 19, 2018). Trump admin rolls out new rules for weapon, drone sales abroad. Defense News. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- Korte, Gregory (April 19, 2018). Hawking drones to U.S. allies, Trump loosens policy on arms sales to foreign countries. USA Today. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- Manson, Katrina (April 19, 2018). Trump relaxes conditions over sale of US killer drones. Financial Times. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- Olorunnipa, Toluse; Capaccio, Anthony (April 19, 2018). Trump Orders Agencies to Expedite and Expand Arms Sales Abroad. Bloomberg. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- McFarland, Susan (April 19, 2018). Trump cuts red tape in sales of armed drones. UPI. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
- Sonne, Paul (April 19, 2018). Trump administration looks to encourage U.S. arms sales abroad, including drone exports. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
See also:
- Muñoz, Carlo (April 19, 2018). White House releases new U.S. arms sales policy. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- Spetalnick, Matt; Stone, Mike (April 17, 2018). Arming the world: Inside Trump's 'Buy American' drive to expand weapons exports. Reuters. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- Navarro, Peter (April 23, 2019). Peter Navarro: President Trump’s Conventional Arms Transfer policy is strengthening America and its allies. Fox News. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Mehta, Aaron (December 8, 2017). Here’s how Ellen Lord will reduce acquisition time by 50 percent. Defense News. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
- Pentagon Using US Middlemen, Boilerplate Contracts to Speed Foreign Arms Sales. Sputnik. May 25, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
See also:
- Mehta, Aaron (November 8, 2018). Here’s how the Trump administration plans to increase American weapon sales abroad. Defense News. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Wheeler, Lydia (May 15, 2018). Trump administration releases plan to shift gun export approvals. The Hill. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
- Taylor, Guy (May 14, 2018). Trump move would make it easier for U.S. gun manufacturers to export firearms. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
- Mehta, Aaron (May 15, 2018). Selling guns abroad could get easier, thanks to the Trump administration. Defense News. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Control of Firearms, Guns, Ammunition and Related Articles the President Determines No Longer Warrant Control Under the United States Munitions List (USML). Federal Register. May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
- International Traffic in Arms Regulations: U.S. Munitions List Categories I, II, and III. Federal Register. May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
See also:
- Hsu, Tiffany; Ismay, John (May 23, 2018). A Bid to Increase Gun Exports, Stalled After Sandy Hook, Moves Ahead. The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
- Stone, Mike (May 25, 2018). Trump administration to publish proposed rule changes for gun exports: official. Reuters. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
- De lea, Brittany (May 23, 2018). Trump administration ready to ease gun export policies. Fox Business. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Gould, Joe (July 16, 2018). Trump advances ‘Buy American’ arms sales plans. Defense News. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- Doubleday, Justin (July 16, 2018). White House approves action plan for new conventional arms transfer policy. Inside Defense. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
Conservative criticism of the policy:
- Wolverton, Joe (July 17, 2018). Pres. Trump's Conventional Arms Transfer Policy Calls for Increased U.S. Global Military Presence. The New American. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
See also:
- Linskey, Annie (June 23, 2018). Trump wants to make foreign arms sales easier. The Boston Globe. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
↑ ^65.0 ^65.1
Multiple references:
- Lederman, Josh (February 7, 2019). New Trump rules make it easier for U.S. gun makers to sell overseas. NBC News. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
- Samuels, Brett (February 7, 2019). Trump administration eases export rules for US gun manufacturers: report. The Hill. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
- Price, Emily (February 7, 2019). New Trump Rules Make it Easier for U.S. Gun Makers to Sell Overseas. Fortune. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
- Fandos, Nicholas (January 31, 2019). Trump Administration Eases Regulations on Gun Exports, Raising Concerns. The New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
See also:
- Bromund, Ted (January 30, 2019). No, Firearm Exports Aren't Being Decontrolled. Fortune. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
- Stone, Mike; Shepardson, David (November 7, 2019). Exclusive: Trump administration moves closer to easing gun exports. Reuters. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
- McBride, Courtney (November 12, 2019). Administration Plans to Ease Exports of U.S.-Made Firearms. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Josephs, Leslie (January 30, 2018). Under pressure from US airlines, Qatar Airways agrees to open its books. CNBC. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- Wadhams, Nick; Sasso, Michael (January 28, 2018). Qatar Agrees to Transparency to Resolve U.S. Airline Dispute. Bloomberg. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- Lederman, Josh (January 30, 2018). US, Qatar reach agreement on subsidy spat with airlines. Associated Press. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- Blackwell, Ken (January 29, 2018). Trump Strikes Major Victory on Trade: Brings Qatar to Table on Open Skies Agreement. CNS News. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- Martin, Jenny Beth (February 9, 2018). Here’s how Trump’s Open Skies deal with Qatar will help make America great again. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
See also:
- Shelbourne, Mallory (January 30, 2018). Airline executives praise US agreement with Qatar over subsidies. The Hill. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- Klukowski, Ken (May 16, 2019). Exclusive: Document Reveals Obama Official Trying to Stop Trump Enforcing Air Trade Agreement. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Klukowski, Ken (May 11, 2018). Trump’s America First Agenda Wins Trade Dispute with United Arab Emirates. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- Greenwood, Max (May 11, 2018). US, UAE reach deal on Open Skies: report. The Hill. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- Burnley, James H. (May 17, 2018). A voice for the American worker. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- Blackwell, Ken (May 15, 2018). Another Trump Promise Fulfilled: Enforcing Trade Agreements. CNS News. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
Some mainstream media outlets disputed that the agreements benefited the U.S.:
- A.W. (May 14, 2018). Airlines in America fail in their campaign against the Gulf carriers. The Economist. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- Nunes, Ashley (May 15, 2018). The U.S. and UAE resolved an air dispute. Or did they? The Washington Post. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
U.S. airlines reacted positively to the agreement:
- Brokaw, Sommer (May 15, 2018). Delta plans more international flights after U.S.-Emirates deal. UPI. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
- Benning, Tom (May 14, 2018). American Airlines praises Trump administration for striking deal in dispute with Gulf carriers. The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- U.S. slaps heavy duties on Chinese steel shipped from Vietnam. Reuters. May 21, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
- US hikes tariffs on Chinese steel exported via Vietnam. Associated Press. May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
- Moons, Michelle (May 22, 2018). China Using Vietnam to Circumvent Anti-Steel Dumping Measures, Commerce Department Finds. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
See also:
- Yap, Chuin-Wei; Patterson, Scott; Tita, Bob (April 10, 2018). U.S. Accuses Chinese Firms of Rerouting Goods to Disguise Their Origin. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Moons, Michelle (May 23, 2018). Trump Launches Investigation of Auto Import Threat to National Security; Tariffs Could Follow. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- Miller, S.A. (May 23, 2018). Trump moves toward auto import tariffs with call for Section 232 investigation. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- Mauldin, William; Puko, Timothy; O'Keeffe, Kate (May 23, 2018). Trump Administration Looks Into New Tariffs on Imported Vehicles. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- Shepardson, David; Mason, Jeff (May 23, 2018). U.S. launches auto import probe, China says will defend interests. Reuters. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
- Korte, Gregory (May 23, 2018). Trump calls for new tariffs on imported cars and trucks, escalating trade wars. USA Today. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
- Mayeda, Andrew; Beene, Ryan (May 23, 2018). U.S. Starts Probe to Consider Tariffs on Car, Truck Imports. Bloomberg. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
See also:
- Carney, John (May 24, 2018). Wilbur Ross: ‘Economic Security Is Military Security’. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Higgins, Sean (February 18, 2019). White House inches closer to decision on auto tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
- Lawder, David; Shepardson, David (February 17, 2019). U.S. agency submits auto tariff probe report to White House. Reuters. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
- Mayeda, Andrew; Leonard, Jenny (February 17, 2019). Trump Receives Report on U.S. Security Threat of Car Imports. Bloomberg. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
- Williams, Joe (February 18, 2019). Trump mulls new auto tariffs as industry braces for outcome. Fox Business. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Caplan, Joshua (June 9, 2018). G7 Summit: Trump Gives Masterclass in ‘America First’ to Globalists. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Greenwood, Max (June 9, 2018). Trump takes hard line with US allies at G-7 summit. The Hill. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Carney, John (June 9, 2018). Trump: America Will No Longer Be the ‘Piggy Bank that Everyone is Robbing’. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Shaw, Adam (June 9, 2018). Trump says US is like a 'piggy bank that everybody is robbing' on trade. Fox News. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Strupczewski, Jan; Vey, Jean-Baptiste (June 9, 2018). One 'rant,' rough talks sour G7 mood in confrontations with Trump. Reuters. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
President Trump also made strong statements on trade shortly before leaving for the summit:
- Shaw, Adam (June 8, 2018). Trump kicks off G-7 summit with dings at Canada, Europe over trade policies. Fox News. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Ljunggren, David; Vey, Jean-Baptiste (June 7, 2018). Trump attacks EU and Canada on trade amid backlash ahead of G7 summit. Reuters. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
See also:
- Pollak, Joel B. (June 10, 2018). Pollak: Trump Calls G-7’s ‘Free Trade’ Bluff. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Jasper, William F. (June 12, 2018). Globalists Fulminate Over Trump Smack to G7, New World Order. The New American. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Sanchez, Luis (June 9, 2018). Trump refuses to endorse G-7 communique, threatens Canada with more tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Zwirz, Elizabeth (June 9, 2018). Trump slams Canadian PM as 'dishonest and weak,' pulls back on G-7 communique endorsement. Fox News. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Salama, Vivian; Mackrael, Kim; Vieira, Paul (June 9, 2018). Trump Says U.S. Won’t Endorse G-7 Communiqué, Threatens Auto Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Fritze, John (June 9, 2018). Trump says U.S. won't endorse G-7 joint statement with world leaders, accuses Trudeau of 'false statements'. USA Today. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Rampton, Roberta; Vey, Jean-Baptiste (June 9, 2018). Trump torpedoes G7 effort to ease trade spat, threatens auto tariffs. Reuters. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
- Boyer, Dave (June 9, 2018). Trump pulls out support for G-7 agreement, accusing Trudeau of false statement. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
See also:
- Jasper, William F. (June 12, 2018). Thank You, President Trump, For Not Signing the G7 Communique. The New American. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Vogt, Heidi; Puko, Timothy (July 18, 2018). Trump Administration Investigating Uranium Imports Under National Security Concerns. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- Bowden, John (July 18, 2018). Commerce Dept. reviewing impact of uranium imports on US national security. The Hill. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- Bastasch, Michael (July 18, 2018). Trump May Go Nuclear on Tariffs and Tax Uranium Imports. The Daily Caller. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- Church, Nate (July 19, 2018). Trump Administration Investigating National Security Risks of Uranium Imports. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
- Swanson, Ana; Plumer, Brad (July 18, 2018). U.S. Opens Inquiry Into Uranium Imports in Sign That Trade War Is Spreading. The New York Times. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- Mayeda, Andrew; Efstathiou Jr, Jim (July 18, 2018). Trade War Spills Into Uranium as U.S. Weighs Import Tariffs. Bloomberg. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- U.S. Commerce launches national security probe into uranium imports. Reuters. July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- DiChristopher, Tom (July 18, 2018). Trump administration opens investigation into uranium imports, potentially teeing up new tariffs. CNBC. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- Crooks, Ed (July 18, 2018). Trump administration weighs tariffs on uranium imports. Financial Times. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Boyer, Dave (July 13, 2019). Trump rejects quotas for uranium imports. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
- Lemire, Jonathan; Fonseca, Felicia (July 13, 2019). Trump says he will not impose uranium quotas. Associated Press. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
- Volcovici, Valerie; Gardner, Timothy (July 12, 2019). Trump declines to set U.S. uranium production quotas. Reuters. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana (July 13, 2019). Trump Backs Away From Barriers on Foreign Uranium. The New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
- Jacobs, Jennifer; Natter, Ari; Wade, Will (July 12, 2019). Trump Finds a Trade Fight He Doesn't Like in Uranium Imports. Bloomberg. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
- Lemire, Jonathan; Fonseca, Felicia (July 14, 2019). Trump won’t impose foreign uranium quotas. Navy Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved July 14, 2019.
- Carney, Todd (August 6, 2019). Trump Backs Away From Uranium Quota. Lawfare. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Spiering, Charlie (August 10, 2018). Donald Trump Authorizes More Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on Turkey. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- Muñoz, Gabriella (August 10, 2018). Trump decides to double tariffs on Turkey: Relations 'are not good at this time!' The Washington Times. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
- Lane, Sylvan (August 10, 2018). Trump doubles tariffs on Turkey. The Hill. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- Lambert, Lisa (August 10, 2018). Trump escalates feud with Turkey, imposing higher metals tariffs. Reuters. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- Jackson, David; Shesgreen, Deirdre (August 10, 2018). President Trump hits Turkey with heavier tariffs on steel and aluminum. USA Today. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- Ballhaus, Rebecca; Schlesinger, Jacob M. (August 10, 2018). Trump Vows to Double Metals Tariffs on Turkey as Dispute Escalates Over Detained American. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- Gall, Carlotta; Ewing, Jack (August 10, 2018). Tensions Between Turkey and U.S. Soar as Trump Orders New Sanctions. The New York Times. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- Proclamation 9772 of August 10, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States. Federal Register. August 15, 2018. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
See also:
- Hayward, John (August 10, 2018). Turkish President Erdogan Scrambles to Reassure Investors as Lira Tumbles Under Trump Tariff Threat. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- Schlesinger, Jacob M. (August 11, 2018). In Break From Precedent, Trump’s Moves Aggravate Turkey’s Currency Crisis, Rather Than Calm It. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
↑ ^76.0 ^76.1
Multiple references:
- Mauldin, William (May 16, 2019). U.S. Reduces Special Tariff on Turkish Steel. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Pamuk, Humeyra; Beech, Eric (May 16, 2019). U.S. terminates Turkey's preferential trade agreement, reduces tariffs on steel. Reuters. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Frazin, Rachel (May 16, 2019). Trump cuts steel tariffs on Turkey by half. The Hill. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Deaux, Joe (May 16, 2019). Trump Cuts Tariffs on Turkish Steel Imports in Half, to 25%. Bloomberg. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Koc, Cagan (May 17, 2019). Turkey Protests U.S. After Trump Ends Key Trade Preferences. Bloomberg. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Politi, James; Pitel, Laura (May 16, 2019). US cuts Turkish steel tariffs by half to 25%. Financial Times. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- US Terminates Turkey's Preferential Trade Agreement. The Jerusalem Post (from Reuters). May 17, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
In exchange for the U.S. lowering its steel tariff on Turkey, Turkey lowered tariffs on 22 U.S. imports:
- Turkey lowers tariffs on some U.S. imports to reciprocate U.S. move. Reuters. May 22, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
- Turkey halves tariffs on 22 US imports to reciprocate Washington move. Daily Sabah. May 22, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Vogt, Heidi (August 24, 2018). Trump Calls for End to Discounts for International Mail. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
- Dastin, Jeffrey (August 24, 2018). U.S. calls foreign mail system unfair in surprise win for Amazon. Reuters. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
- Chipman, Kim (August 23, 2018). Trump Seeks Changes in the International Postal Rate System. Bloomberg. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
- Soper, Spencer; De Vynck, Gerrit (August 25, 2018). Trump Takes Aim at China by Questioning International Postal Rates. Bloomberg. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
- Williams, Joe (August 24, 2018). Trump administration seeks to end lower shipping rates for China and others. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Vogt, Heidi (October 17, 2018). Trump Administration Moves to End Deep Discounts for Packages From China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
- Boyer, Dave (October 17, 2018). Trump pulling U.S. out of international pact on postal rates. The Washington Times. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
- Pentchoukov, Ivan (October 17, 2018). US Announces Intent to Withdraw From Universal Postal Union. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
- Fabian, Jordan (October 17, 2018). US announces intent to withdraw from international postal rate system. The Hill. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
- Donachie, Robert; Higgins, Sean (October 17, 2018). Trump draws fresh battle lines with China by withdrawing from shipping treaty. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
- Sink, Justin; Sebenius, Alyza (October 17, 2018). Trump to Withdraw U.S. From Postal Treaty, Squeezing China. Bloomberg. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
- De Lea, Brittany (October 17, 2018). Trump threatens pullout from postal treaty favoring Chinese shippers. Fox Business. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
- Thrush, Glenn (October 17, 2018). Trump Opens New Front in His Battle With China: International Shipping. The New York Times. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- Paquette, Danielle (October 17, 2018). Trump ditches 144-year-old postal pact that boosts Chinese retailers. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
See also:
- Ip, Greg (October 24, 2018). Send Word: Trump Is Right to Fight Some Global Rules. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
- Akan, Emel (March 7, 2019). Trump Seeks to Reduce Counterfeiting Enabled by Universal Postal Union. The Epoch Times. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Bowden, John (September 25, 2019). US to remain in international postal union after deal reached. The Hill. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Nebehay, Stephanie (September 25, 2019). U.N. postal union clinches deal to keep U.S. in club. Reuters. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Bounds, Andy (September 25, 2019). US strong-arm approach pays off in international postal dispute. Financial Times. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Cumming-Bruce, Nick (September 25, 2019). U.S. Will Remain in Postal Treaty After Emergency Talks. The New York Times. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Tausche, Kayla (September 25, 2019). Global postal group reaches deal to avoid US withdrawal. CNBC. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- De Lea, Brittany (September 25, 2019). US to remain in international postal union after demanding reform to 'antiquated' rate structure. Fox Business. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Keaten, Jamey (September 25, 2019). Postal union accepts reform, quashes US walkout threat. Associated Press. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- World postal rates overhauled after US quit threat. BBC News. September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Global postal union reaches deal to prevent 'nightmare' of US exit. The Guardian (from Reuters). September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Schlein, Lisa (September 25, 2019). Compromise Keeps US in Universal Postal Union. Voice of America. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
- Olson, Wyatt (September 25, 2019). Treaty deal averts military mail disruption but cost of shipping overseas likely to rise. Stars and Stripes. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
See also:
- Akan, Emel (September 29, 2019). US Businesses Welcome International Postal Rate Reform. The Epoch Times. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
- Marchand, Ross (October 7, 2019). No Fair! Americans Pay Way More to Send Goods to China. The American Conservative. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
↑ ^80.0 ^80.1
Multiple references:
- Spiering, Charlie (September 24, 2018). Donald Trump Signs Renegotiated Trade Agreement with South Korea. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
- Miles, Frank (September 24, 2018). Trump, at UN General Assembly, signs major trade deal with South Korea, reveals possible Kim Jong Un meeting 'soon'. Fox News. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
- Trump calls new U.S.-South Korea trade deal a historic milestone. Reuters. September 24, 2018. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
- Higgins, Sean (September 25, 2018). Trump claims victory with inked South Korea trade deal. Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
- Lee, Youkyung; Tweed, David; Leonard, Jenny (September 24, 2018). Trump Clinches His First Trade Deal With Revamped South Korea Pact. Bloomberg. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
- Tankersley, Jim (September 24, 2018). Trump Signs Revised Korean Trade Deal. The New York Times. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Jun, Kwanwoo (December 7, 2018). South Korea Parliament Ratifies Revised U.S. Trade Deal. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- South Korea's parliament ratifies revised FTA with U.S. Reuters. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Lawder, David; Shepardson, David (November 7, 2018). U.S. to impose new duties on Chinese aluminum sheet products. Reuters. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
- US to Impose New Duties on Chinese Aluminum Sheet Products. The Epoch Times (from Reuters). November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
- Global Geopolitical Series: U.S. penalizes China after self-initiated investigation on imports of Aluminum sheet. EconoTimes. November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Miller, S.A. (December 1, 2018). G20 leaders agree on summit statement that's tough on trade. The Washington Times. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
- Shaw, Adam (December 1, 2018). G20 statement reflects US concerns about WTO, Paris climate accord. Fox News. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
- Rodrigo, Chris Mills (December 1, 2018). G-20 leaders agree on trade, Trump bucks others on climate. The Hill. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
- Pop, Valentina (December 1, 2018). G-20 Agrees to Joint Statement, With Compromises. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
See also:
- Ortiz, Alfredo (December 10, 2018). Ortiz: Trump’s Trade Triumphs–Trade War Truce, Deals for Farmers, Prices for Consumers. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
- Herszenhorn, David M. (December 1, 2018). G20 leaders reaffirm ‘rules-based international order’. Politico. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
↑ U.S. finalizes duties on certain steel pipe from China, India. Reuters. December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Proclamation 9729 of April 26, 2018 -- World Intellectual Property Day, 2018. Federal Register. May 1, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
- Donald Trump says US will not tolerate theft of jobs, wealth, intellectual property. Hindustan Times (from PTI). April 27, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
- Vogt, RJ (April 26, 2018). Happy World IP Day: Trump Hints At Changes To US System. Law360. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
↑ Proclamation 9768 of July 13, 2018 -- Made in America Day and Made in America Week, 2018. Federal Register. July 18, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Antle, III, W. James (March 9, 2018). Trump revives Republican protectionism on trade. Washington Examiner. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
- Jewell, Katherine Rye (December 8, 2017). By turning their back on free trade, Republicans are returning to their roots. The Washington Post. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
- Kilgore, Ed (March 8, 2018). Trump Brings Back Ancient GOP Tradition of Protectionism. New York Magazine. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
- Carney, John (March 2, 2018). GOP Tariff Scolds Are Rejecting Reagan’s Steel Protection Legacy. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
- McLaughlin, Seth (April 3, 2018). Trump rewrites GOP playbook on trade. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
- Mascaro, Lisa (June 7, 2019). Free traders no more? GOP warms up to Trump’s use of tariffs. Associated Press. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
The relationship between the U.S. and tariffs, in general:
- Carney, John (August 15, 2018). Carney: Trump is Right, ‘Our Country Was Built on Tariffs’. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
- Byas, Steve (August 16, 2018). Tariffs and the Founding Fathers. The New American. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
- Buchanan, Patrick J. (July 26, 2018). Did Tariffs Make America Great? The New American. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
See also:
- Buchanan, Patrick J. (March 6, 2018). Why Is the GOP Terrified of Tariffs?. The New American. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
- Moran, Sean (March 11, 2018). Exclusive– Daniel McCarthy on Tariffs: ‘The Republican Party Was Built on Economic Nationalism’. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
- Miller, S.A. (May 13, 2018). Trump reshaping GOP by breaking away from traditional conservative policies. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- Freking, Kevin (July 28, 2018). On trade policy, Trump is turning GOP orthodoxy on its head. Associated Press. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
↑
Davis, Bob; Chinni, Dante (July 19, 2018). America’s Factory Towns, Once Solidly Blue, Are Now a GOP Haven. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
See also:
- Binder, John (July 20, 2018). American Workers Praise Trump’s Battle for Fair Trade: ‘He’s Keeping Promises, Instead of Lip Service’. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
- Binder, John (July 23, 2018). American Steel Workers Applaud Trump’s Trade Agenda: ‘U.S. Has Been Taken Advantage of Too Long’. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
- Binder, John (August 31, 2018). From Trump to Kobach: How the Populists and American Union Workers Are Taking Back the GOP. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
- Spiering, Charlie (October 12, 2018). Donald Trump: The Republican Party Now Includes the American Worker. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
- Kraychik, Robert (March 31, 2019). Thaddeus McCotter: Trump’s Trade Policies Remade GOP Base. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Higgins, Sean (December 4, 2018). Trump warns China: 'I am a Tariff Man'. Washington Examiner. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Spiering, Charlie (December 4, 2018). Donald Trump Warns China: ‘I Am a Tariff Man’. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Spiering, Charlie (June 19, 2018). Donald Trump Defends Tariffs: ‘We Can No Longer Be the Stupid Country’. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Singman, Brooke (July 24, 2018). Trump proclaims 'Tariffs are the greatest!' ahead of hardball talks with EU. Fox News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Carney, John (July 24, 2018). Trump Tweets: “Tariffs Are The Greatest!” Breitbart News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Bowden, John (July 24, 2018). Trump: ‘Tariffs are the greatest!’ The Hill. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Bowden, John (August 4, 2020). Trump defends tariffs: When we use them 'foolish people scream!' The Hill. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Gehrke, Joel (August 4, 2018). Trump: ‘Only fools would disagree’ with tariffs — China is 'doing poorly'. Washington Examiner. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Trump says tariffs are working, U.S. and China are talking. Reuters. August 4, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Lee, Tony (August 4, 2018). Trump: Historic Economy Perfect Time ‘to Straighten Out Worst Trade Deals Ever Made’. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Swoyer, Alex (August 5, 2018). Trump says tariffs 'working big time,' will lead to better trade deals. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Spiering, Charlie (August 7, 2018). At Dinner with Business CEOs, Donald Trump Is Resolute on Trade. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Donald J. Trump. Twitter. August 15, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Spiering, Charlie (August 28, 2018). Donald Trump: Free Trade Partner Countries ‘Tariff Us to Death’. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Miller, S.A. (September 9, 2018). Trump cheers nixed Ford-China deal, says tariffs working: 'This is just the beginning'. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Spiering, Charlie (September 17, 2018). Donald Trump Warns Countries with Unfair Trade: Prepare to Be ‘Tariffed’. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Miller, S.A. (September 26, 2018). Trump says tough trade stance, tariffs working. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Higgins, Sean (October 24, 2018). Trump: tariff critics are seeking cover for their own incompetence. Washington Examiner. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Rodrigo, Chris Mills (November 29, 2018). Trump touts billions of dollars ‘pouring into U.S. coffers’ from China tariffs ahead of meeting with Xi. The Hill. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Carney, John (November 29, 2018). Trump: If You Don’t Want to Pay Tariffs, Build in the U.S.A. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Moons, Michelle (September 18, 2018). Trump Defends Tariffs, ‘Rebuilt’ China with Tremendous U.S. Money. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
↑ Higgins, Sean (December 10, 2018). US steel industry booming after Trump's tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Akan, Emel (July 24, 2018). American Steelmakers Are Thriving. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Pete, Joseph S. (March 20, 2018). Steelmakers restarting closed mills, building new one. The Times of Northwest Indiana. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
- Navarro, Peter (May 31, 2018). Donald Trump's steel, aluminum tariffs lift low and moderate income families. USA Today. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
- Gomez, Christian (August 24, 2018). Trump Trade Tariffs Good Business for U.S. Steel and Century Aluminum. The New American. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
See also:
- Carey, Nick (May 25, 2018). Trump metals tariffs make Granite City great again, but at what cost? Reuters. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
- Byas, Steve (June 26, 2018). U.S. Economic Upsurge and Trump’s Tax and Tariff Policies. The New American. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
- Good signs on steel: Trump’s policy is bringing new life to the industry. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
- Gibson, Thomas J. (August 29, 2018). Tariffs on foreign steel save American jobs. USA Today. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
- Binder, John (October 18, 2018). U.S. Steelworkers Get Largest Wage Hike in Years with Trump’s Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
- Binder, John (October 19, 2018). Pittsburgh Aluminum Mill Credits Trump’s Tariffs for Increasing Profits. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- Binder, John (July 8, 2018). American Manufacturing Business Owner: ‘Thank You Mr. President’ for ‘Enough is Enough’ Attitude on Trade. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
- Scott, Robert E. (December 13, 2018). Aluminum tariffs have put US producers on a level playing field. The Hill. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
Less positive:
- Tita, Bob; MacDonald, Alistair (December 5, 2018). Foreign Steel Keeps Flowing Into U.S. Despite Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Rodriguez, Katherine (March 7, 2018). Winning: U.S. Steel to Call Back 500 Employees to Illinois Plant After Trump Announces Tariffs on Foreign Steel. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
- Tita, Bob (March 7, 2018). Some Steel and Aluminum Makers to Restart Plant Operations Amid Tariff Plans. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
- Madhani, Aamer (March 7, 2018). U.S. Steel to reopen dormant Illinois plant, credits proposed Trump tariffs. USA Today. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
See also:
- Pete, Joseph S. (April 26, 2018). U.S. Steel makes $18 million in Q1 after losing $180 million at same time last year. The Times of Northwest Indiana. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
- Summers, Madison (July 27, 2018). WATCH: Third Generation Steelworker Sheds Tears of Joy After Trump Put Him Back to Work. Independent Journal Review. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Williams, Joe (April 26, 2018). Trump tariffs drive record sales at largest US metals processor. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
- Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. Reports First Quarter 2018 Financial Results. CNBC (from GlobeNewswire). April 26, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
↑
Lombardo, Cara (March 12, 2018). Nucor to Build New Florida Steel Mill as Domestic Producers Study Tariff Impact. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
See also:
- Moise, Imani (April 19, 2018). Nucor Benefits from Steel Tariffs, Price Increases. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Fernandez, Henry (June 21, 2018). Steel maker JSW to build new plant, invest $500M after Trump tariffs. Fox Business. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
- Ell, Kellie (June 21, 2018). Steel company JSW USA to add 1,000 new jobs: CEO. CNBC. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
- Williams, Mark (June 21, 2018). Indian company proposes $500 million investment at Ohio steel plant. The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
See also:
- Neeley, Amy (June 23, 2018). Mingo Junction residents laud steel mill potential. Herald-Star. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Binder, John (August 19, 2018). U.S. Steel to Invest $750M at Indiana Plant Thanks to Trump Tariffs: ‘We Are Experiencing a Renaissance’. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
- Mass, Warren (August 23, 2018). U.S. Steel Investing $750M to Upgrade Steel Plant Following Trump Tariffs. The New American. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
- Xiao, Bowen (August 20, 2018). US Steel Plans to Invest $750 Million to Modernize Factory, Spurred by Trump’s Tariffs. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Channick, Robert (August 16, 2018). U.S. Steel to invest $750 million to revitalize flagship Gary plant in wake of Trump tariffs. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
- US Steel to invest $750M in Gary Works plant in Indiana. Associated Press. August 17, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
↑
Binder, John (August 28, 2018). Aluminum Mill to Bring 550 Jobs Back to Kentucky Town Crippled by Free Trade. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
See also:
- Beam, Adam (April 26, 2017). Aluminum company pledges 550 jobs in Eastern Kentucky. The Courier-Journal (from the Associated Press). Retrieved August 29, 2018.
- Watkins, Morgan (June 7, 2018). Are Trump tariffs behind a $1.5 billion Kentucky mill investment? The Courier-Journal. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Binder, John (November 28, 2018). Trump Celebrates $1.8B Southwest Steel Mill Planned to Create 600 Jobs. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
- Williams, Joe (November 28, 2018). Trump touts new Steel Dynamics plant as proof tariffs are paying off. Washington Examiner. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
- De Lea, Brittany (November 28, 2018). Trump praises Steel Dynamics for new billion-dollar steel mill. Fox Business. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
- Pentchoukov, Ivan (November 28, 2018). Trump Lauds Announcement of New $1.7 Billion Steel Mill in Southwest. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Binder, John (August 31, 2018). Business Booms for Louisiana Pipe Company Thanks to Trump Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
- Hilburn, Greg (August 30, 2018). Louisiana pipe company thrives under Trump tariffs. Monroe News Star. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Binder, John (July 31, 2018). Report: American Steel Industry ‘Very Happy’ with Trump’s Protective Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
- Egan, Matt (July 30, 2018). 'Happy with tariffs': Steel industry emerges as trade war winner. CNN. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
See also:
- Langford, James (July 30, 2018). Trump tariffs help AK Steel ramp up prices more than CEO expected. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (April 5, 2018). Aluminum Prices Fall Despite New Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
- Tita, Bob (April 5, 2018). Despite New Tariffs, Aluminum Is Actually Cheaper. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
See also:
- Parkin, Benjamin; Hodari, David (May 31, 2018). Steel, Aluminum Prices Rise on U.S. Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
- Carney, John (May 31, 2018). U.S. Stock Market Stubbornly Refuses to Panic Over ‘Trade War’. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (June 20, 2018). Why Minnesota’s Iron Range Is Trump Country. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
- DePass, Dee (June 20, 2018). Bust to boom: Iron Range revives just as new tariffs create uncertainty. Star Tribune. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
- Smith, Mitch (April 4, 2018). Trump Is ‘Saving Us’: Minnesota Mining Country Warms to Tariffs and G.O.P. The New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
- Aamot, Gregg (October 2, 2018). ‘The lifeblood’: On the Iron Range, small businesses build off mining’s success. MinnPost. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
↑ ^103.0 ^103.1 Binder, John (October 12, 2018). Trump Tariffs Win Higher Wages for Michigan, Minnesota Steelworkers. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Binder, John (July 8, 2018). Illinois Steel Town: Trump’s Tariffs Secure 800 New Jobs for Previously Laid-Off American Workers. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
- Bomkamp, Samantha (July 6, 2018). The Illinois town where Trump's tariffs have provided jobs, and a sigh of relief. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (December 6, 2018). Winning: Fiat Chrysler to Build First New Auto Factory in Detroit in 27 Years. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
- Rogers, Christina; Roberts, Adrienne (December 6, 2018). Fiat Chrysler to Open New Assembly Factory in Detroit. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
- Naughton, Nora; Thibodeau, Ian; Howes, Daniel (December 6, 2018). Fiat Chrysler to build Jeep in revived Detroit plant. The Detroit News. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
- Higgins, Sean (December 6, 2018). Fiat Chrysler to open new plant in Detroit. Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
- LeBeau, Phil (December 6, 2018). Fiat Chrysler plans to open factory in Detroit to build new three-row, Jeep Grand Cherokee: Sources. CNBC. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
↑ Binder, John (August 16, 2018). Study: Trump Tariffs Created More than 11K American Jobs in Six Months. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
↑ Binder, John (August 17, 2018). Study: 20X as Many U.S. Jobs Created from Trump Tariffs than Jobs Lost. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
↑ Adelmann, Bob (November 30, 2018). Tariffs’ Upside: Two Million New Steel Industry Jobs. The New American. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Binder, John (December 17, 2018). Study: Trump’s Aluminum Tariffs Creating Thousands of American Jobs. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
- Akan, Emel (December 12, 2018). Report: Aluminum Tariffs Boost Jobs, Production, Investment. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
- Kochkodin, Brandon (December 11, 2018). Aluminum Tariff Is a Boon Even If Beer Costs More, Report Says. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
- Brokaw, Sommer (December 11, 2018). Study: U.S. aluminum tariffs have increased jobs, production. UPI. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (July 6, 2018). Shock: Wages and Jobs Soar at American Businesses ‘Hit’ by Metals Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Williams, Joe (July 6, 2018). US manufacturing sector booms despite trade war fears. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Carney, John (September 20, 2018). Stocks Hit All-Time Highs as U.S. Shows Strength in Trade War with China. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- Carney, John (September 24, 2018). Texas Factories Keep Expanding Production Despite Trade War Worries. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
- Carney, John (October 16, 2018). Manufacturing Continues to Boom in America, Defying Gloomy Tariff Predictions. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
- Carney, John (December 6, 2018). Jobless Claims Fell Last Week, Still No Signs of Tariff Strains. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
- Franck, Thomas (December 6, 2018). Service sector grows in November despite tariff, employment concerns. CNBC. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
Higgins, Sean (December 7, 2018). Manufacturing sees strong job growth despite Trump's trade wars. Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
- Binder, John (December 21, 2018). Trump’s Year of Tariffs: American Manufacturing Optimism Soars to Record High. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
See also:
- Davis, Bob (July 7, 2018). U.S. Economic Strength Gives Trump Leeway in Trade Fight With China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
- Carney, John (August 30, 2018). Wilbur Ross Wins Again as Canned Soup and Beer Prices Fall in July. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
- Carney, John (September 12, 2018). Narrative Fail: Business Prices Fall Despite Rising Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
- Carney, John (September 13, 2018). Consumer Prices Defy Prediction that Tariffs Would Tax Consumers. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
- Miller, S.A. (September 13, 2018). Americans feel little from Trump tariffs; China is yet to budge on trade deals. The Washington Times. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
- Carney, John (September 21, 2018). Tariffs Get Absorbed by Corporate Profits, Not Paid by Consumers. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
- Binder, John (September 30, 2018). Kentucky Governor Matt Bevin: Bourbon Industry ‘Thriving Like Never Before’ in Trade War. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
- Carney, John (October 5, 2018). Still No Signs that Tariffs are Costing American Jobs. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
- Carney, John (October 11, 2018). Inflation Rises Less than Expected in September, Once Again Showing Tariffs Are Not Hurting Consumers. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
- Binder, John (October 11, 2018). Bloomberg: Trump Tariffs Not Costing U.S. Jobs as Free Traders Claimed. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
- Carney, John (October 30, 2018). Farm Prices Fall Again, Defying Anti-Trump Predictions of Higher Food Prices. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
- Carney, John (November 9, 2018). Carney: U.S. Producer Prices Surged in October But There’s Still No Sign Tariffs Tax Consumers. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
- Carney, John (November 12, 2018). CNBC: Tariffs Causing Trouble for Only 9% of Companies. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
- Carney, John (November 14, 2018). Price Shock: Still No Signs Tariffs Pinch Consumer Wallets, Inflation Remains Mild. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
- Carney, John (November 15, 2018). Import Prices: Still No Signs of Tariffs Taxing Consumers. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
- China’s War on American Lobsters Has Failed. Breitbart News. November 30, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
- Whittle, Patrick (November 29, 2018). We’ll take your lobsters, eh? Canadian imports from US soar. Associated Press. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
- Carney, John (December 12, 2018). Still No Pressure on Consumer Prices from Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
- Carney, John (December 14, 2018). Carney: Don’t Blame Trump’s Tariffs for Manufacturing’s Weak November. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
- Nolte, John (December 26, 2018). Analyst: Outsourcing American Jobs Responsible for GM Layoffs, Not Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
- Binder, John (January 4, 2019). Free Traders’ Prediction of Tariff Doom Fails as U.S. Manufacturing Booms. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
- Carney, John (January 9, 2019). Trump’s Tariffs and Tax Cuts Largely Paid for Themselves, but Deficit Rose on Higher Spending. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
- Carney, John (January 11, 2019). Tariffs Still Aren’t Raising Consumer Prices. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (January 11, 2019). Bull Market Could Run for 10 More Years; Tariffs Are Helping. The New American. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
- Carney, John (January 15, 2019). Prices Fell in December, Tariffs Are Not Pushing U.S. Prices Higher. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
- Carney, John (February 12, 2019). Job Openings Dispel Fears That Metals Tariffs Have Hurt U.S. Workers. Breitbart News. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (September 6, 2018). U.S. Productivity Jumped to Best Pace in Three Years After Trump’s Metals Tariffs Kicked-In. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
- Morath, Eric (September 6, 2018). U.S. Worker Productivity Rose in Spring at Best Pace Since 2015. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
↑ Carney, John (November 16, 2018). Output Soars Even at U.S. Manufacturers That Make Stuff from Tariffed Steel and Aluminum. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
↑ Carney, John (November 21, 2018). China Tariffs Boosted Manufacturing Orders in October. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Caplan, Joshua (July 6, 2018). U.S. Trade Deficit Hits 19-Month Low Due to Record-High Exports. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Kiernan, Paul; Chaney, Sarah (July 6, 2018). U.S. Trade Gap Narrowed 6.6% in May. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- Kiernan, Paul (July 6, 2018). U.S. Soybean Exports Surged Last Quarter. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
↑ Langford, James (August 13, 2018). Overseas military sales surge to $63 billion despite tariff woes. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Muñoz, Carlo (July 16, 2018). 'Buy America': Sale of U.S. arms increases despite Trump's tough talk on NATO, trade. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- McLeary, Paul (July 16, 2018). U.S. Has Already Sold More Weapons This Year Than All 2017: $47B. Breaking Defense. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- Stone, Mike (July 16, 2018). U.S. arms makers praise new U.S. weapons export policy. Reuters. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
- Tweed, David (March 12, 2018). U.S. Arms Exports Surge Amid Growing Middle East, Asian Demand. Bloomberg. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Muñoz, Carlo (October 10, 2018). U.S. arms exports soar under marketer-in-chief Trump. The Washington Times. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
- McLeary, Paul (October 9, 2018). US Arms Sales Overseas Skyrocketed 33% in 2018. Breaking Defense. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- McBride, Courtney (November 8, 2018). U.S. Weapons Transfers, Pushed by Trump, Rise by 13%. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
- Manson, Katrina (November 8, 2018). US arms sales to foreign governments rise by a third. Financial Times. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
- U.S. Arms Exports up 13 Percent Over 2017 as Trump Champions Deals. U.S. News & World Report (from Reuters). November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
- McLeary, Paul (November 8, 2018). Arms Sales Way Up – But Trump Wants More. Breaking Defense. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
↑
Multiple references:
- Navarro, Peter (March 5, 2019). How Team Trump is keeping promises on trade. New York Post. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
- Navarro, Peter K. (March 13, 2019). Peter Navarro: President Trump's trade policies make great strides. USA Today. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
- Pramuk, Jacob (May 13, 2019). It’s not just China: Trump’s trade war is raging on several fronts. CNBC. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana (May 14, 2019). Trump’s Tariffs, Once Seen as Leverage, May Be Here to Stay. The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Mauldin, William; Zumbrun, Josh; Salama, Vivian (May 17, 2019). U.S. Seeks to Resolve Other Trade Disputes Amid China Impasse. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Key Dates in the U.S.-China Trade Conflict. The Wall Street Journal. June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
- Timeline: Key dates in the U.S.-China trade war. Reuters. August 1, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Timeline: Key dates in the U.S.-China trade war. Reuters. September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
- Palmer, Doug; McClure, Jon (July 9, 2019). Where we stand in Trump’s trade war. Politico. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (September 11, 2019). Friendly fire: In trade fights, Trump targets US allies, too. Associated Press. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
- Factbox: Tariffs in place or planned for nearly all goods traded by U.S. and China. Reuters. September 19, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
- Factbox: Nearly all goods traded by U.S. and China will have tariffs by December 15. Reuters. October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- O'Halloran, Suzanne (October 11, 2019). Trade trifecta: USMCA, Japan and now China. Fox Business. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
- Street, Chriss (November 25, 2019). US Farm Deals With South Korea and Japan to Limit China Trade War Retaliation. The Epoch Times. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (December 3, 2019). Trump against the world: A snapshot of his trade disputes. Associated Press. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (December 3, 2019). Trump against the world: A snapshot of his trade disputes. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Factbox: Trump has upended relationships with nine of 10 top U.S. trading partners. Reuters. December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Schlesinger, Jacob M. (December 15, 2019). Trump’s ‘America First’ Trade Vision Comes Into Focus on Three Fronts. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (January 1, 2020). Timeline of US-China trade talks in 2019: All the twists and turns. Washington Examiner. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
See also:
- Busler, Michael (March 9, 2019). Trump is trading short-term pain for long-term economic gain. The Hill. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
- Varney, James (March 31, 2019). Federal subsidies, agriculture prices help farmers weather Trump trade war. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
- Peoples, Steve; Riccardi, Nick (May 10, 2019). Risky politics? Trump wields his tariffs as a weapon at home. Associated Press. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Freking, Kevin (May 11, 2019). Trump has long seen previous US trade agreements as losers. Associated Press. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- Breuninger, Kevin; Wilkie, Christina (May 12, 2019). Trump’s hard-line views on trade were formed long before he targeted China with tariffs. CNBC. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
- Burnett, Sara; McFetridge, Scott (May 19, 2019). Trump’s ‘great patriot’ farmers follow him into a trade war. Associated Press. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
- Whalen, Jeanne; Lynch, David J.; Shih, Gerry (June 1, 2019). Trump’s stunning decision to escalate trade wars with China and Mexico signals a turning point for U.S. policy. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Marks, Gene (June 2, 2019). Trade war won't kill small business — it'll make it stronger. The Hill. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Rugaber, Cristopher (June 2, 2019). Trump’s tariffs: What are they? How do they work? Associated Press. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
- Ip, Greg (June 2, 2019). Trump’s Trade Levers Test Long-Term U.S. Alliances. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- Baker, Trent (June 16, 2019). Peter Navarro: Trump’s Tariffs Accomplished More in Two Days Than Congress in 20 Years. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
- Hains, Tim (June 16, 2019). WH Trade Adviser Peter Navarro: Tariffs Accomplished More In Two Days Than Congress Has Done In 20 Years. RealClearPolitics. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
- Fredericson, Colin (June 18, 2019). President Trump Explains How Tariffs Help America. The Epoch Times. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
- Puzder, Andy (June 21, 2019). Andy Puzder: Trump tariffs incredibly useful in advancing our national security – Here’s why. Fox News. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
- Lewandowski, Corey R. (June 26, 2019). President Trump fighting to fix a broken trade system at the G-20. The Hill. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
- Brennan, Moss (July 11, 2019). Trump's 'America First' policy driving other countries to ink trade deals, analysts say. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
- Tariff wars: Duties imposed by Trump and U.S. trading partners. Reuters. August 1, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Manning, Rick (August 26, 2019). Rick Manning: Trump Isolates China by Making Deals with the Rest of the World. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
- Pentchoukov, Ivan (August 26, 2019). In Nod to Trump, G-7 Leaders Make Joint Statement on Fair Trade. The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
- Wong, Kristina (August 28, 2019). Experts Say President Trump Is Right to Play Hardball with China. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
- Schlafly, John; Schlafly, Andy (August 28, 2019). Finally, a President Stands Up to China! Townhall. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
- Kraychik, Robert (August 29, 2019). Hogan Gidley: Trump’s Strong Economy Allows Him to ‘Take on China’. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
- Dimicco, Dan (September 5, 2019). Smoot-Hawley fearmongering continues. The Hill. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (September 8, 2019). Real Reason Behind Sluggish Business Investment Isn’t Trade War, Bank Economist Says. The Epoch Times. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
- Autry, Greg (September 20, 2019). Opinion: President Trump’s China policy is working, but you’d never know that from media reports. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
- Baker, Trent (September 20, 2019). WH’s Navarro: China Paying for Tariffs ‘in Three Ways’ — Slashed Prices, Currency Value, Fleeing Supply Chain. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
- Raleigh, Helen (September 22, 2019). Helen Raleigh: China has already lost the trade war. Here's why. Fox News. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (October 9, 2019). Crisis in World Trade Signals Globalism’s Failure. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
- Timmons, Heather; Lawder, David (October 14, 2019). Are U.S.-Chinese tariffs on almost everything the 'new normal'? Reuters. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Lind, Michael (October 13, 2019). The Return of Geoeconomics. The National Interest. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (October 24, 2019). On trade, farmers willing to get tough with China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
- Huckabee, Mike (November 9, 2019). Mike Huckabee: Trump saves thousands of US jobs by standing up to China on trade violations. Fox News. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
- Holl, Daniel (November 22, 2019). The Great American Robbery; US-China Trade War Explained. The Epoch Times. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- Cortes, Steve (November 29, 2019). Black Friday, Red China…and a Robust America. RealClearPolitics. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
- Trump sees tariffs as lever with China, Europe, others: Pence. Reuters. December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Binder, John (December 9, 2019). U.S. Farmers Back Trump: Federal Aid Has ‘Been a Godsend’ in Trade War. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
- Dorman, Sam (December 14, 2019). Trump attacks 'Cryin' Chuck Schumer after senator said US 'sold out' on China deal. Fox News. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- Rubin, Richard (December 15, 2019). Lighthizer Touts a Week of Deals. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- Russ, Kathryn (December 16, 2019). What Unilateralism Means for the Future of the U.S. Economy. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
- Leary, Alex (December 21, 2019). In the Battles Over Trump’s Trade Wars, Hawkish Adviser Navarro Endures. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
- Rappeport, Alan; Swanson, Ana (December 26, 2019). Peter Navarro, Trump’s Trade Warrior, Has Not Made His Peace With China. The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
- Ozimek, Tom (December 26, 2019). Trump Admin Improved American Manufacturing, More to Be Done on Industrial Policy and China, Expert Says. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (December 31, 2019). Analysis: Trump gained little ground this year in China trade war. Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
- Politi, James (December 18, 2019). EU remains a villain in the Trumpian view of global trade. Financial Times. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
President Trump's comments on trade with China:
- Spiering, Charlie (August 20, 2019). Donald Trump Signals Resolve on Tough China Actions: ‘We’re Winning Big’. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
- Pamuk, Humeyra; Shalal, Andrea (August 20, 2019). Trump says he had to 'take China on,' regardless of short-term impact on U.S. economy. Reuters. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan (August 21, 2019). Trump: I am 'the chosen one' to lead trade war against China. The Hill. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Spiering, Charlie (August 21, 2019). Donald Trump: ‘I Am the Chosen One’ to Fight China. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Gage, John (August 21, 2019). Trump: 'I am the chosen one' to take on China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Fang, Frank (August 21, 2019). Trump Says He Is ‘Chosen One’ to Take on Beijing and End Its Unfair Trade Practices. The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Boyer, Dave (August 21, 2019). Trump: 'I am the chosen one' to battle China on trade. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Mason, Jeff (August 21, 2019). Trump: 'I am the chosen one' to take on China over trade. Reuters. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Breuninger, Kevin (August 21, 2019). ‘I am the Chosen One,’ Trump proclaims as he defends trade war with China. CNBC. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Bleau, Hannah (August 24, 2019). Trump Slams Media for Claiming That He Has a ‘Messiah Complex’. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Shaw, Adam (Augst 24, 2019). Trump dings media for taking ‘I am the chosen one’ remark seriously. Fox News. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Fu, Eva (August 24, 2019). Trump Says He Was ‘Having Fun’ With ‘Chosen One’ Remark, Calls out Media Misrepresentation. 'The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Campisi, Jessica (August 24, 2019). Trump on 'chosen one' remark: I didn't realize media would claim I had a 'Messiah complex'. The Hill. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Bender, Michael C. (August 29, 2019). Trump Defends China Stance Amid Worries About Economic Impact. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
- He, Cathy (August 29, 2019). Trump Says Beijing Playing ‘Vicious Game’ in Targeting US Farmers. The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
- Spiering, Charlie (September 4, 2019). Donald Trump: U.S. Farmers Are ‘Warriors’ in Trade War with China. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
- Spiering, Charlie (November 20, 2019). Fact Check: Pete Buttigieg Claims Donald Trump Does Not Care About Farmers. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Epstein, Ethan (March 19, 2019). SPECIAL REPORT: Trump's trade war puts China's once vaunted economy in real peril. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
- China’s Factories Take a Bigger-Than-Expected Hit From U.S. Trade Battle. The Wall Street Journal. May 30, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- China factory activity falls contracts in May amid dispute. Associated Press. May 30, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (June 2, 2019). China’s Economic Woes Go Well Beyond Tariffs. The Epoch Times. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
- Wang, Yanan (June 3, 2019). China data suggests trade war hit; tech group reverses stand. Associated Press. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (June 14, 2019). China’s Economy Continues to Slow. The New American. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
- Carney, John (June 14, 2019). U.S. Factory Production Ramps Up While China Industrial Output Grinds to Slowest Since 2002. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
- Areddy, James T. (June 14, 2019). China’s Economy Shows Fresh Signs of Weakness. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
- Bradsher, Keith (July 14, 2019). China’s Economic Growth Hits 27-Year Low as Trade War Stings. The New York Times. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- China Second Quarter GDP Growth Slows to 27-Year Low as Trade War Bites. The Epoch Times (from Reuters). July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (July 15, 2019). China posts slowest growth in nearly 30 years; Trump says tariffs are having a 'major effect'. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe; Wiseman, Paul (July 15, 2019). China’s growth cools further as tariff war pressures mount. Associated Press. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Yao, Kevin (July 14, 2019). China second-quarter GDP growth slows to 27-year low as trade war bites, more stimulus seen. Reuters. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Deng, Chao (July 15, 2019). China Growth at Its Slowest Since 1992 as Beijing Struggles to Juice Economy. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Carney, John (July 15, 2019). China’s Economic Growth Slows to Weakest Pace Since 1992. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (July 15, 2019). China Reports Its Economy Growing at Slowest Pace Since 1992. The New American. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Zhang, Lusha; Woo, Ryan (July 30, 2019). Trade war keeps China's factories in reverse gear for third month. Reuters. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
- China's factory activity contracts again in July. MarketWatch. July 30, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
- Tang, Frank (August 31, 2019). Trade war: China suffers three-month export downturn as Donald Trump’s tariffs bite. South China Morning Post. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
- China’s Manufacturing Sector Keeps Getting Whacked by Trump. Bloomberg. September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- Liu, Luoyan; Ruwitch, John (September 2, 2019). Trade war dents Chinese company profits, portfolio inflows. Reuters. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
- Carney, John (September 3, 2019). China’s Tariffs on U.S. Autos Backfired, Study Finds. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
- Bird, Mike; Craymer, Lucy (September 8, 2019). China Says Growth Is Fine. Private Data Show a Sharper Slowdown. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
- China Faces Broad Economic Slump as It Seeks Trade Fix With U.S. The Wall Street Journal. September 17, 2019. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (September 16, 2019). China’s Economy Continues to Falter Ahead of October Trade Talks. The New American. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
- China Sept factory surveys show flickers of improvement but outlook still weak. Reuters. September 29, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
- Areddy, James T. (October 17, 2019). China Economic Growth Slows Even More in the Third Quarter. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- China's quarterly economic growth sinks to lowest in quarter-century amid Trump trade war. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (October 18, 2019). China’s economic slowdown deepens, weighing on global growth. Associated Press. Retrievd October 18, 2019.
- Klar, Rebecca (October 18, 2019). China's economic growth sinks to 26-year low. The Hill. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- Carney, John (October 18, 2019). China’s Economic Growth Dipped Again in Third Quarter to Slowest Pace Since 1992. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- Martn, Ken (October 17, 2019). China's economic growth sinks to a 26-year low. Fox Business. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- Yao, Kevin; Crossley, Gabriel (October 17, 2019). China's GDP growth grinds to near 30-year low as tariffs hit production. Reuters. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- Bradsher, Keith (October 17, 2019). China’s Economic Growth Slows as Challenges Mount. The New York Times. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- He, Laura (October 18, 2019). China's economic growth drops to lowest level since 1992. CNN. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- China’s Quarterly Economic Growth Slows to 26-Year Low. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). October 18, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- Tan, Huileng (October 17, 2019). China says its economy grew 6% in the third quarter, slower than expected. CNBC. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- Davies, Rob (October 18, 2019). China's quarterly economic growth sinks to 26-year low amid US trade war. The Guardian. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
- Brown, Courtenay (October 17, 2019). China's economy grows at slowest pace since 1992. Axios. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
- China's factory activity seen contracting for sixth month on trade pressure: Reuters poll. Reuters. October 29, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
- Crossley, Gabriel; Woo, Ryan (October 30, 2019). China's factory activity shrinks at sharper pace, services weaken as risks grow. Reuters. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- Chen, Yawen; Wu, Huizhong (November 8, 2019). China factory prices falter, while inflation soars to near eight-year high. Reuters. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
- Rabouin, Dion (December 9, 2019). The trade war is kind of working. Axios. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
- Street, Chriss (December 23, 2019). DHL Global Trade Barometer for China Down 50% During Trump Presidency. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (January 9, 2020). More and More Companies Moving Out of China. The New American. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
See also:
- Trump’s Push for China Trade Reform Draws Wide Support at Home, Abroad. The Epoch Times (from Reuters). March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Lawder, David; Blenkinsop, Philip; Martina, Michael (March 25, 2019). Trump push for China trade reform draws wide support at home, abroad. 'Reuters. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; McDonald, Joe (May 22, 2019). US, China appear to brace for long haul in trade dispute. Associated Press. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (May 23, 2019). Trump Administration Settles in for Long Trade Fight Against China. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
- Fernandez, Henry (June 13, 2019). Trump tariffs is impeding China’s economy: White House trade adviser Peter Navarro. Fox Business. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
- Carney, John (June 13, 2019). Falling Import Prices Show China Is Paying For Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
- Carney, John (July 3, 2019). Trade Figures Show China Tariffs Are Working and Helping Our Allies. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
- Klar, Rebecca (July 15, 2019). Trump: Tariffs having 'major effect' on China's economy. The Hill. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Heavey, Susan; Mason, Jeff (July 15, 2019). Trump sees slowing Chinese growth pressuring Beijing on trade. Reuters. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Deng, Chao (July 15, 2019). Slowing Growth Raises Pressure on China’s Stimulus Efforts. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Areddy, James T. (June 25, 2019). China’s Consumers Turn Cautious, Weakening President Xi’s Hand Before Trump Meeting. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Zhang, Olivia (August 21, 2019). Rust-belt China looks abroad as economy slows, tariffs bite. Associated Press. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Spiering, Charlie (August 26, 2019). Donald Trump: China Taking a ‘Very Hard Hit’ in Trade Fight. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (September 30, 2019). China’s Celebration of 70 Years of Communist Oppression an Attempt to Mask Its Failing Economy. The New American. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
- Yu, Fan (October 6, 2019). Trade War Disrupts China’s Liquefied Natural Gas Supply. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
- Packham, Colin; Barrett, Jonathan (October 9, 2019). U.S. tariffs on China are working, says U.S. Secretary of Commerce. Reuters. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
- Yao, Kevin (October 15, 2019). Trade pressure seen denting China's 2019 growth to 29-year low at 6.2%, 5.9% in 2020: Reuters poll. Reuters. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- Hao, Nicole (October 15, 2019). Chinese Regime Confirms US Trade Deal as Economic Indicators Bode Hard Times Ahead. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- Carney, John (November 8, 2019). Trump’s China Tariffs Help Taiwan and China’s Neighbors. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (November 22, 2019). Will China’s Slowing Economy Force a Trade Deal With the U.S.? The New American. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- China's factory activity seen contracting for seventh month on trade pressure: Reuters poll. Reuters. November 28, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
- Sun, Yilei; Goh, Brenda (December 10, 2019). China auto sales drop for 17th straight month in November. Reuters. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
- Carney, John (December 11, 2019). Chinese Inflation Hits Eight-Year High as Pork Prices Double and Tariffs Keep Out U.S. Farm Products. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
Effect on trade between the two countries:
- Bowden, John (July 12, 2019). US exports to China plunge amid trade war. The Hill. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (July 12, 2019). China imports from US plunge 31% in June amid tariff war. Associated Press. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (August 8, 2019). China imports from US fall 19% in July amid trade war. Associated Press. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
- China's September exports seen falling 3%, imports to shrink for fifth month: Reuters poll. Reuters. October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Frazin, Rachel (October 14, 2019). China's trade with US slumps amid tariff war. The Hill. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Hao, Nicole (October 14, 2019). China’s Latest Trade Data Reveal Economic Trouble Ahead, as Future of US–China Trade Talks Remains Unclear. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (October 14, 2019). Chinese Imports, Exports Drop Further in September While Trade Talks Pause. The New American. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Chen, Yawen; Crossley, Gabriel (October 13, 2019). China September exports, imports in deeper contraction as tariffs take toll. Reuters. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- China's October exports, imports to contract at sharper pace: Reuters poll. Reuters. November 6, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
- Roosevelt, Margot; Masunaga, Samantha (June 9, 2019). Must Reads: In Trump’s trade war with China, L.A. ports are ground zero . Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
- Wells, Jane (August 31, 2019). Port of Los Angeles slammed with cargo as companies rush to get imports in ahead of tariffs. CNBC. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
- Port of Los Angeles import and export volumes drop in October. Reuters. November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
- China’s Export Decline Eased in October. The Wall Street Journal. November 8, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (November 7, 2019). China’s trade with US shrinks in October despite optimism. Associated Press. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
- Zhang, Lusha; Woo, Ryan (November 7, 2019). China's Oct. exports fall, but less than expected as trade war grinds on. Reuters. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
- Page, Paul (November 11, 2019). West Coast Imports Plunge as Tariffs Hit Consumer Goods. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
- Torry, Harriet; Zumbrun, Joshua (December 5, 2019). American Firms Import Fewer Chinese Goods. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
- Carney, John (December 5, 2019). Imports from China Fell Again in October After New Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
- Ozimek, Tom (December 5, 2019). US Trade Deficit Falls to 1.5-Year Low Amid Fewer Imports from China. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
- China's trade with US sinks in November amid tariff war. Fox Business. December 8, 2019. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (December 8, 2019). China’s trade with US sinks in November amid tariff war. Associated Press. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
- Crossley, Gabriel; Lee, Se Young (December 7, 2019). China November exports fall, but import growth hints of recovering demand. Reuters. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
- Coleman, Justine (December 8, 2019). Chinese exports to US drop 23 percent amid trade war. The Hill. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
- Deng, Chao (January 14, 2020). In a Year of Trade War, U.S. Deficit With China Shrank. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- China's 2019 trade surplus with U.S. narrows to $295.8 billion vs $323.3 billion in 2018. Reuters. January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- Johnson, Marty (January 14, 2020). Chinese exports to US drop 12 percent. The Hill. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (March 27, 2019). Trade Deficit Fell 15% as China Tariffs Took Hold. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (March 27, 2019). US trade gap falls 15 percent to $51.1 billion in January. Fox News (from the Associated Press). Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- Cox, Jeff (March 27, 2019). US efforts to cut trade deficit show biggest win in almost a year. CNBC. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- Kierman, Paul (March 27, 2019). U.S. Trade Gap Narrowed Sharply in January. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- Kearns, Jeff (March 27, 2019). U.S. January Trade Gap Narrows as Imports From China Plummet. Bloomberg. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- U.S. trade deficit narrows sharply as exports rebound. Reuters. March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
The trade deficit fell again in February 2019:
- Carney, John (April 17, 2019). U.S. Trade Deficit Unexpectedly Narrowed in February. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Cox, Jeff (April 17, 2019). US trade deficit falls in February as shortfall with China decreases 28%. CNBC. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Pickert, Reade (April 17, 2019). U.S. Trade Gap Narrows to Eight-Month Low on Plane Exports. Bloomberg. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Mutikani, Lucia (April 17, 2019). U.S. trade deficit hits eight-month low on weak Chinese imports. Reuters. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (April 17, 2019). US trade deficit narrows to $49.4 billion in February. Fox News (from the Associated Press). Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Torry, Harriet (April 17, 2019). Shrinking U.S. Trade Gap, China Growth Bode Well for Global Economy. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan (April 17, 2019). US trade deficit falls to eight-month low as gap with China narrows. The Hill. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (April 17, 2019). US Trade Deficit Hits 8-Month Low as Gap With China Shrinks. The Epoch Times. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
Later data:
- Ott, Matt (August 2, 2019). US trade deficit falls 0.3% in June. Associated Press. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- U.S. trade deficit shrinks slightly; exports, imports fall. Reuters. August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Crutsinger, Martin (November 5, 2019). US trade deficit falls to $52.5 billion in September. Associated Press. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
- U.S. trade deficit falls in September to $52.5 billion. Reuters November 5, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
- U.S. goods trade deficit narrows sharply in October. Reuters. November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- Mutikani, Lucia (December 5, 2019). U.S. trade deficit shrinks sharply; labor market tight. Reuters. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
- U.S. trade deficit drops to more than three-year low. Reuters. January 7, 2020. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
- Mutikani, Lucia (January 7, 2020). U.S. trade deficit at three-year low as imports tumble. Reuters. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
- Elis, Niv (January 7, 2020). Trade deficit falls to three-year low of $43.1 billion. The Hill. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
- Carney, John (January 7, 2020). Trade Deficit Falls to Lowest in Three Years. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
- Ozimek, Tom (January 7, 2020). US Trade Deficit Hits 3-Year Low: ‘Trump’s China Hard Line Is Working,’ Expert Says. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
- Torry, Harriet (January 7, 2020). U.S. Trade Gap Lowest in Three Years as Imports From China Slide. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
Earlier in the year, it was reported that the trade deficit had previously risen:
- Boyer, Dave (March 6, 2019). Soaring U.S. trade deficit undermines Trump's 'America First' agenda. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
- Carney, John (March 6, 2019). Trade Deficit Hits Highest Level in a Decade. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
- Carney, John (March 6, 2019). The Growing Trade Deficit Strengthens Trump’s Hand in Trade Talks With China. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
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Svab, Petr (May 21, 2019). Trump’s China Tariffs Have Pulled in Around $16 Billion So Far. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
See also:
- Fernandez, Henry (June 21, 2019). China is paying the tariffs, not the American public: White House trade adviser Peter Navarro. Fox Business. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (October 1, 2019). Trump's tough trade tariffs on China have raked in $30 billion for U.S. The Washington Times. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Svab, Petr (October 31, 2019). US Has Pulled in $35 Billion From Trump’s China Tariffs. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
↑ Zumbrun, Josh (August 7, 2019). U.S. Collected $63 Billion in Tariffs Through June. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Zumbrun, Josh (November 6, 2019). U.S. Collected a Record $7 Billion in Tariffs in September. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
- Knutson, Jacob (November 6, 2019). WSJ: Tariff revenue spiked to a record $7 billion in September. Axios. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan (November 6, 2019). US paid record $7.1 billion in tariffs in September: analysis. The Hill. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Williams, Joe (June 20, 2019). Apple, Black & Decker and Steve Madden among US companies moving production out of China. Here’s the full list. Fox Business. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
- Mochizuki, Takashi (June 12, 2019). Nintendo Moves Some Switch Production Out of China, Adapting to Tariff Threat. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
- Hufford, Austen; Tita, Bob (July 14, 2019). Manufacturers Move Supply Chains Out of China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
- Carney, John (July 19, 2019). BlackRock CEO: Companies Are Moving Supply Chains Out of China Now. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
- Quinn, Melissa (July 19, 2019). Trade war forces dozens of US firms to move factories out of China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
- Fu, Eva (July 21, 2019). Foreign Companies Continue Exodus From China as Trade War Drags On. The Epoch Times. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (October 22, 2019). Tech Companies Accelerating Their Exodus From China. The New American. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Akan, Emel (July 22, 2019). Trade War Sparks Further ‘Decoupling’ Between US, China. The Epoch Times. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
- Ip, Greg; Kubota, Yoko (May 9, 2019). Can This Marriage Be Saved? Chinese-U.S. Integration Frays. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
- Bermingham, Finbarr (July 6, 2019). US-China feud is accelerating the biggest shift in trade since the cold war, away from globalisation. South China Morning Post. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
- Elis, Niv (July 22, 2019). Chinese investment in US plummets 90 percent amid Trump trade war. The Hill. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
- Salam, Reihan (June 5, 2019). The Age of ‘Chimerica’ Is Coming to an End. The Atlantic. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana (September 1, 2019). As Trump Escalates Trade War, U.S. and China Move Further Apart With No End in Sight. The New York Times. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- Novak, Jake (September 6, 2019). Tariffs are no longer China’s biggest problem in the trade war. CNBC. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (September 12, 2019). U.S.-China rift gets a relationship status. Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- Carney, John (November 5, 2019). Decoupling: China-U.S. Trade Declines by $67 Billion. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
See also:
- Kraychik, Robert (May 13, 2019). Henry Olsen: Trump Is Fighting America’s ‘Addiction to Profits and Goods’ from China. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Kiernan, Paul; DeBarros, Anthony (August 2, 2019). Tariff Fight Knocks Off China as Top U.S. Trading Partner. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Carney, John (September 4, 2019). Imports of Chinese High Tech Goods Are Down by More Than 20% This Year. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (September 8, 2019). China’s trade with US shrinks as tariff war worsens. Associated Press. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
- Perano, Ursula (September 8, 2019). Trade between U.S. and China plummets ahead of October negotiations. Axios. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
- Frazin, Rachel (September 8, 2019). Chinese exports to US, imports of US good sink amid worsening trade war. The Hill. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (September 8, 2019). U.S.-China trade plummets amid Trump tariff war. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved September 8, 2019.
- Kempe, Frederick (September 14, 2019). The US-China trade war has set in motion an unstoppable global economic transformation. CNBC. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
- Broderick, Kelsey (October 16, 2019). China's spat with NBA highlights forces driving US-China divorce. The Hill. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- Carney, John (November 6, 2019). Trump Trade Adviser Peter Navarro Says China is Decoupling from the World. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
↑
Thompson, Terry (November 28, 2019). Trump's new tariffs obstructed by Obama holdovers. The Washington Times. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
See also:
- Zumbrun, Josh (December 26, 2019). Trade-Court Lawsuits Take On Trump’s Tariff Campaign. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
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Multiple references:
- Brokaw, Sommer (January 31, 2019). Trump signs executive order encouraging use of U.S.-made steel. UPI. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (January 31, 2019). Trump orders tighter 'made in America' provisions for federal contracting. Washington Examiner. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Colvin, Jill; Superville, Darlene (January 31, 2019). Trump order asks federal fund recipients to buy US goods. Associated Press. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Laing, Keith (January 31, 2019). Trump signs 'Buy America' order for federal agencies. The Detroit News. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Schultz, Marisa (January 31, 2019). Trump signs another ‘Buy American and Hire American’ order. New York Post. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Rogers, Katie (January 31, 2019). President Signs Order to Help U.S. Manufacturers and ‘Trump People’. The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Laing, Keith (January 31, 2019). Trump signs 'Buy America' order for federal agencies. The Detroit News. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
- Ferguson, Ellyn (January 31, 2019). Trump widens ‘buy American’ rule to infrastructure projects. Roll Call. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
- Collins, Brendan K.; Pearson, Scott M. (February 1, 2019). President Trump Doubles Down on 'Buy American' Mandates. The National Law Review. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
- Clark, Charles S. (February 1, 2019). Trump Expands ‘Buy American’ Requirements to Agency Procurements. Government Executive. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
See also:
- Navarro, Peter (January 31, 2019). Peter Navarro: Trump is keeping his promise to buy American, hire American. Fox News. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Boyer, Dave (February 27, 2019). Trump inks trade pact with Vietnam for purchase of Boeing planes. The Washington Times. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- Schreck, Adam (February 27, 2019). Before meeting Kim, Trump oversees big Vietnamese plane deal. Associated Press. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- Halaschak, Zachary (February 27, 2019). Trump praises purchases by Vietnamese airlines. Washington Examiner. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- Salama, Vivian; Hookway, James (February 27, 2019). Vietnam Gives U.S. Aviation Industry $21 Billion Boost. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (February 27, 2019). US Firms Sign Deals Worth $21 Billion in Vietnam. The Epoch Times. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- Giang, Nguyen Kieu; Park, Kyunghee; Uyen, Nguyen Dieu Tu (February 26, 2019). Boeing Signs $15.7 Billion Vietnam Orders on Trump's Visit. Bloomberg. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
- Morin, Rebecca (February 27, 2019). Trump hails $20 billion in Boeing orders by Vietnam. Politico. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Mauldin, William (March 4, 2019). U.S. Probes Titanium Imports in Possible Tariff Case. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
- Shepardson, David (March 4, 2019). U.S. launches national security probe into titanium sponge imports. Reuters. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
- Commerce Department launches national security investigation into titanium sponge imports. CNBC (from Reuters). March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
- Politi, James (March 5, 2019). Japan to bear brunt of US titanium probe. Financial Times. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Mauldin, William (March 5, 2019). U.S. to Trim Trade Privileges for India, Turkey. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (March 4, 2019). 'High-tariff nation': Trump to end India's preferential trade status. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- Burke, Michael (March 5, 2019). Trump planning to end India's status as preferential trade partner. The Hill. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- Beech, Eric; Dasgupta, Neha (March 4, 2019). Trump moves to scrap trade privilege for India, Delhi plays down impact. Reuters. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- Leonard, Jenny; Jacobs, Jennifer (March 4, 2019). Trump Plans to End Key Trade Preferences for India and Turkey. Bloomberg. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- US ends preferential trade deals with India, Turkey. Associated Press. March 5, 2019. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- Coote, Darryl (March 5, 2019). Trump terminates preferential trade status to India, Turkey. UPI. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- US to End Preferential Trade Status for India, Turkey. Voice of America (from Agence France-Presse). March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- Masih, Nina (March 5, 2019). It’s official: India is Trump’s next target in the trade wars. The Washington Post. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Bleau, Hannah (June 1, 2019). President Trump Terminates India’s Preferential Trade Status. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
- Trump to end trade privileges for India on June 5. Reuters. May 31, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Sink, Justin; Leonard, Jenny (May 31, 2019). Trump Ends India's Trade Designation as a Developing Nation. Bloomberg. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana; Goel, Vindu (May 31, 2019). Trump Administration Strips India of Special Trade Status. The New York Times. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Frazin, Rachel (June 1, 2019). Trump moves to strip India of special trade status. The Hill. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- US President Donald Trump terminates preferential trade status for India. Deutsche Welle. June 1, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Trump to End India’s Preferential Trade Status. Voice of America (from Reuters). June 1, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- US ends special trade treatment for India amid tariff dispute. BBC News. June 1, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Stracqualursi, Veronica; Borak, Donna (June 1, 2019). Trump removes India from special trade status. CNN. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
See also:
- Cadman, Dan (July 10, 2019). Is the President Using All the Chess Pieces Available to Him on "Fair Trade" Matters? Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Spiering, Charlie (October 14, 2019). Donald Trump Details Sanctions on Turkey in Response to Attacking Kurds. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Talley, Ian; Salama, Vivian (October 14, 2019). U.S. Imposes Penalties on Turkey, Aiming to Stop Incursion Into Syria. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Re, Gregg (October 14, 2019). Trump authorizes sanctions against Turkey amid Syria incursion, calls for end to its 'destabilizing actions'. Fox News. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (October 14, 2019). Trump says he will hammer Turkey with sanctions, cease trade talks. The Washington Times. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Stieber, Zachary (October 14, 2019). Trump to Impose Sanctions Against Turkey Officials for Incursion Into Syria. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Gehrke, Joel (October 14, 2019). Trump announces steel tariffs and sanctions on Turkey in response to assault on Kurds. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Samuels, Brett (October 14, 2019). Trump to impose sanctions on Turkey for military offensive in Syria. The Hill. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Breuninger, Kevin (October 14, 2019). Trump halts trade negotiations with Turkey, raises its steel tariffs to 50%. CNBC. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Burns, Robert (October 14, 2019). Trump orders Turkey sanctions; US scrambles for Syria exit. Associated Press. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Sakelaris, Nicholas (October 14, 2019). United States imposes sanctions on Turkey; Erdogan calls for NATO help in Syria. UPI. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Holland, Steve; Francis, Ellen; Gumrukcu, Tuvan (October 14, 2019). U.S. demands Syria ceasefire, slaps sanctions on Turkey over incursion. Reuters. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Burns, Robert (October 15, 2019). Trump threatens to ‘destroy’ Turkey’s economy with sanctions. Associated Press. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- Mass, Warren (October 15, 2019). Trump Places Sanctions on Turkey in Response to Invasion of Northern Syria. The New American. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Budryk, Zack (April 3, 2019). Trump signs memo to stem counterfeit goods trafficking. The Hill. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- Riechmann, Deb (April 3, 2019). Trump signs memorandum to stem counterfeit goods trafficking. Associated Press. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- Herman, Steve (April 3, 2019). Trump Administration Looks to Eradicate Online Sales of Fake Products. Voice of America. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- Fritze, John (April 3, 2019). 'Wild West of counterfeiting': Trump takes shot at Amazon, eBay over fake goods. USA Today. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- Svab, Petr (April 3, 2019). Trump to Press Amazon, Alibaba, eBay to Police Counterfeit Product Sellers. The Epoch Times. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- Boyer, Dave (April 3, 2019). Trump signs order to combat counterfeit goods sold online. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- Trump orders crackdown on counterfeit sales online. Reuters. April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- Hughes, Clyde (April 3, 2019). Trump signs memo to fight counterfeit products online. UPI. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- Pramuk, Jacob (April 3, 2019). Trump puts Amazon, Alibaba on notice for sale of counterfeit goods. CNBC. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
See also:
- Navarro, Peter (April 2, 2019). Trump Has a Plan to Stop Fake Goods. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
- Navarro, Peter; Amin, Vishal (November 24, 2019). Navarro & Amin: Trump administration protects consumers by keeping dangerous counterfeit goods out of US. Fox News. Retrieved November 24, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Zumbrun, Joshua (April 9, 2019). U.S. Moves to Impose Tariffs on $11 Billion of EU Goods. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- U.S. proposes list of EU goods for tariff retaliation against Airbus subsidies. Reuters. April 8, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana (April 9, 2019). U.S. Readies $11 Billion in Tariffs on E.U. The New York Times. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- Gregg, Aaron (April 9, 2019). In a broadside against Airbus, U.S. pursues aircraft tariffs. The Washington Post. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- Piovano, Carlo; Wiseman, Paul (April 9, 2019). From jets to cheese: Trump wants to impose new tariffs on EU. Associated Press. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
President Trump also announced the tariffs and criticized the EU:
- Vogt, Bailey (April 9, 2019). Trump on tariffs: The European Union 'has taken advantage' of U.S. trade. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- Bredemeier, Ken (April 9, 2019). Trump: US to Put Tariffs on $11B in EU Goods. Voice of America. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (April 9, 2019). Trump threatens EU with $11 billion in tariffs to retaliate for Airbus subsidies. Washington Examiner. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- Xiao, Bowen (April 9, 2019). Trump Threatens More Tariffs Against European Union. The Epoch Times. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- Bowden, John (April 9, 2019). Trump touts tariffs on $11B of EU products. The Hill. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- Trump slams EU in aircraft dispute, pushes tariffs on $11 billion of imports. Reuters. April 9, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
See also:
- Mauldin, William; Zumbrun, Joshua (April 9, 2019). U.S. Says Jet-Tariffs Threat Isn’t Tied to Broad EU Trade Push. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Zumbrun, Joshua (July 1, 2019). U.S. Proposes More European Tariffs Pending Airbus Case. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- Klar, Rebecca (July 1, 2019). US proposes $4B in new EU tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- Shalal, Andrea (July 1, 2019). USTR proposes $4 billion in potential additional tariffs over EU aircraft subsidies. Reuters. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- McGregor, Sarah (July 1, 2019). U.S. Proposes More Tariffs on EU Goods in Airbus-Boeing Dispute. Bloomberg. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- Tyko, Kelly (July 1, 2019). US proposing more tariffs on European goods as part of dispute over aircraft subsidies. USA Today. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- Kollewe, Julia (July 2, 2019). Donald Trump threatens new tariffs on $4bn of EU products. The Guardian. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- US proposes $4 billion in potential additional tariffs over EU aircraft subsidies. CNBC (from Reuters). July 1, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- Shrikanth, Siddarth; Brunsden, Jim (July 2, 2019). US considers extra $4bn of tariffs in EU aircraft subsidies spat. Financial Times. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- Falconer, Rebecca (July 2, 2019). U.S. threatens to hit EU with $4 billion in additional tariffs. Axios. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (July 7, 2019). US Seeks to End a Long-Running Trans-Atlantic Dispute. The Epoch Times. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
- Sakelaris, Nicholas (July 2, 2019). U.S. proposes $4B worth of new tariffs in EU-Airbus feud. UPI. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (October 2, 2019). U.S. Will Impose Tariffs on $7.5 Billion of Goods from European Union. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Peker, Emre; Zumbrun, Josh (October 2, 2019). U.S. to Impose Tariffs on EU Goods After WTO’s Airbus Ruling. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Garber, Jonathan (October 2, 2019). US to hit $7.5B of EU goods with tariffs on Oct. 18. Fox Business. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (October 2, 2019). Scotch, cheese, olive oil and more: Trump to enact $7.5 billion in tariffs on EU imports. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan (October 2, 2019). Trump to hit EU with new tariffs after WTO ruling. The Hill. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Pramuk, Jacob; Tausche, Kayla (October 2, 2019). US to impose tariffs on EU aircraft and agricultural products. CNBC. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Hepher, Tim; Blenkinsop, Philip; Lawder, David (October 2, 2019). U.S. widens trade war with tariffs on European planes, cheese, whisky to punish subsidies. Reuters. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Shepardson, David; Lawder, David (October 2, 2019). U.S. hits Scotch whisky, Italian cheese, French wine with 25% tariffs. Reuters. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Keaten, Jamey (October 2, 2019). US tariffs on EU goods would include cheese, wine, aircraft. Associated Press. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana (October 2, 2019). U.S. to Tax European Aircraft, Agriculture and Other Goods. The New York Times. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
- Hughes, Clyde (Octobe 3, 2019). U.S. plans new tariffs for EU liquors, foods, Airbus aviation products. UPI. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (October 18, 2019). US imposes tariffs on EU wine, cheese, and olive oil as broader trade talks languish. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
See also:
- Trump: WTO ruling in tariff case a 'nice victory' for US. Fox Business. October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- Holton, Kate (October 3, 2019). Trump hails 'nice victory' on trade as EU whisky, wine makers left reeling. Reuters. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- Shalal, Andrea; Hepher, Tim (October 2, 2019). Airbus plant in Alabama spared fallout from U.S. tariffs. Reuters. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- USTR plans no grace period for product in transit when EU tariffs take effect: cheese importers. Reuters. October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- Piovano, Carlo; Cook, Lorne (October 3, 2019). US-Europe dispute threatens main artery of world trade. Associated Press. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- Blenkinsop, Philip (October 4, 2019). WTO win won't sway United States from its combative trade stance. Reuters. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (October 6, 2019). Obscure trade fight threatens to ding French wines, Italian cheese. The Washington Times. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
- WTO body formally OKs US sanctions against EU in Airbus case. Associated Press. October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Nebehay, Stephanie (October 14, 2019). WTO clears U.S. to target EU goods with tariffs over Airbus. Reuters. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (May 5, 2019). Trump Says He Will Hike Tariffs to 25% on $200 Billion of Chinese Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- Davis, Bob; Ballhaus, Rebecca; Wei, Lingling (May 5, 2019). Trump Issues Tariff Threat and China Considers Pulling Out of Talks. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- Aaro, David (May 5, 2019). Trump threatens to raise tariffs on $200B worth of Chinese goods to 25 percent. Fox News. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- Hao, Nicole (May 5, 2019). Trump Announces Tariff Increase on Chinese Goods, Citing Slow Progress in Trade Talks. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- Boyer, Dave (May 5, 2019). Trump raises China tariffs to 25% as talks move 'too slowly'. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (May 5, 2019). Trump hikes tariffs on Chinese goods to 25%. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- Mason, Jeff; Shepardson, David (May 2, 2019). Trump vows tariff hike on Chinese goods, escalating tension in trade talks. Reuters. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- Birnbaum, Emily (May 5, 2019). Trump says he will increase tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- Kimball, Spencer (May 5, 2019). Trump says tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese goods will increase to 25%, blames slow progress in trade talks. CNBC. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Pisani, Joseph (May 5, 2019). Trump threatens to hike tariffs on $200B of Chinese imports. Associated Press. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
- Uria, Daniel (May 5, 2019). Trump pledges to raise tariffs on $200B of Chinese goods to 25%. UPI. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
The following day, the USTR mirrored President Trump's comments:
- Mauldin, William; Bender, Michael C.; Zumbrun, Josh (May 6, 2019). White House Ratchets Up Trade Fight. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan (May 6, 2019). Trump trade chief says US will boost tariffs on Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- Carney, John (May 6, 2019). Lighthizer and Mnuchin Say China Reneged in Trade Talks. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; McDonald, Joe (May 6, 2019). US plans to hike tariffs Friday, says China broke promises. Associated Press. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- U.S. says China reneged on trade commitments, talks continue. Reuters. May 6, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- Mason, Jeff; Lawder, David (May 6, 2019). U.S.: China reneged on trade commitments, sparking Trump tariff hike. Reuters. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
See also:
- Rogan, Tom (May 6, 2019). Trump just had a great 24 hours on China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- Zeng, Jennifer (May 6, 2019). Chinese Regime Shocked by Tariff Increases; Chinese Netizens Celebrate. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- Liu, Luoyan; Galbraith, Andrew (May 6, 2019). China stocks fall most in over three years on tariff threats, yuan tumbles. Reuters. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
- Wolverton, Joe (May 8, 2019). Despite Trump's Tariffs, Chinese Trade Official to Visit United States. The New American. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- He, Cathy (May 8, 2019). US Would be Happy to Leave China Tariffs in Place, Trump Says. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- Binder, John (May 8, 2019). AFL-CIO Silent as Trump Hikes China Tariffs to Protect American Workers. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (May 8, 2019). Lighthizer Files the Paperwork Hiking China Tariffs to 25 Percent. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan (May 8, 2019). White House files notice to raise tariffs on China. The Hill. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- US files plans to raise tariffs on Chinese imports. Associated Press. May 8, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- Zumbrun, Joshua (May 8, 2019). China Threatens Retaliation as U.S. Files Paperwork to Raise Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection also moved forward with the tariffs:
- Lawder, David (May 9, 2019). U.S. Customs agency issues tariff increase notice, allows grace period. Reuters. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
See also:
- Meier, Lauren (May 9, 2019). Trump prepared to move ahead with increase in tariffs against China. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Mason, Jeff; Chen, Yawen (May 9, 2019). Trump readies more China tariffs as make-or-break trade talks start. Reuters. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
- Herman, Steve (May 9, 2019). Trump: Paperwork Started for New Tariffs on Chinese Products. Voice of America. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Carney, John (May 9, 2019). Chinese Goods are Less Than 2 Percent of U.S Consumer Spending. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (May 10, 2019). Trump Tells Lighthizer to Ready Tariffs on All Chinese Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Lawder, David; Pamuk, Humeyra (May 9, 2019). Trump ratchets up tariff threat after talks show no progress. Reuters. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- Trump begins process to raise tariffs on remaining China imports: USTR. Reuters. May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (May 10, 2019). White House plans new tariffs on $300 billion of Chinese goods. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
- Donald Trump Orders Tariff Rises On Remaining Chinese Imports. NDTV (from Agence France-Presse). May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
On May 13, 2019, the USTR released the list of products it would increase tariffs on if ordered by President Trump:
- Lane, Sylvan (May 13, 2019). White House posts list of $300B in Chinese goods to be targeted by tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Rooney, Kate (May 13, 2019). US trade office gets ready to impose tariffs on another $300 billion of Chinese imports. CNBC. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Lawder, David; Beech, Eric (May 13, 2019). Cellphones and laptops on latest USTR China tariff list, drugs excluded. Reuters. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Talev, Margaret; Donnan, Shawn; Han, Miao (May 12, 2019). U.S. Readies New Tariffs as Trump Says He'll Meet China's Xi. Bloomberg. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (May 14, 2019). US targets $300B of Chinese goods for new tariff hikes. Associated Press. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
Further actions:
- DeBarros, Anthony; Zumbrun, Josh (June 16, 2019). New China Tariffs Move Closer With Public Hearings This Week. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
Statements by President Trump on this matter:
- Chen, Yawen; Lawder, David (May 10, 2019). China, U.S. to hold more trade talks as Trump ratchets up tariff threat. Reuters. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Trump says no decision yet on levying tariffs on more Chinese goods. Reuters. May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Moons, Michelle (May 13, 2019). Donald Trump Leaves $325B Additional China Tariffs in Question. Politico. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (May 13, 2019). 'I love the position we're in': Trump readies another round of tariffs after China retaliates. The Washington Post. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (June 28, 2019). Trump and Xi Agree to Resume Trade Talks. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- March, Mary Tyler (June 29, 2019). US, China agree to restart trade talks after Trump, Xi meeting. The Hill. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (June 28, 2019). Trump Says Talks With China ‘Back on Track’ After G-20 Meeting With Xi. The Epoch Times. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Rampton, Roberta; Martina, Michael (June 28, 2019). Trump says China trade talks 'back on track,' new tariffs on hold. Reuters. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Lemire, Jonathan; Miller, Zeke (June 29, 2019). Truce in US-China trade war as 2 rivals seek breakthrough. Associated Press. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (June 29, 2019). US-China trade talks 'back on track,' Trump says. Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (June 29, 2019). Trump: U.S., China to resume trade talks 'where we left off'. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Rosenfeld, Everett (June 29, 2019). Trump says he agreed with Xi to hold off on new tariffs and to let Huawei buy US products. CNBC. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Lynch, David J.; Paletta, Damian (June 28, 2019). U.S. and China agree to restart trade negotiations following meeting between Trump and Xi at Group of 20 summit. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
Agreement details, reaction, and analysis:
- Kimball, Spencer (June 29, 2019). Trump says ‘there will be no reduction in the tariffs’ currently imposed against China. CNBC. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Zwirz, Elizabeth (June 29, 2019). Trump says meeting with China went ‘far better than expected’. Fox Business. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Chan, Kelvin (June 29, 2019). Cease-fire in US-China trade war doesn’t bridge differences. Associated Press. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Kimball, Spencer (June 29, 2019). ‘It’s a temporary timeout’: Trump and Xi agree to negotiations, but offer no clear path to end US-China trade war. CNBC. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (June 30, 2019). U.S.-China Trade Talks Are Back on, but Obstacles Remain. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
- Hao, Nicole (June 30, 2019). US, China Statements Show Stark Differences on Trump–Xi Meeting. The Epoch Times. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
- Bredemeier, Ken (June 30, 2019). White House: Trade Agreement with China Not Close. Voice of America. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
- Conklin, Audrey (July 1, 2019). Tech Stocks Surge After Trump Reaches Trade Deal With Xi, Huawei. The Daily Caller. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
- Ellis, Curtis (July 7, 2019). Reindustrialization: What the New U.S.-China Trade Talks Mean. Human Events. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- Puzder, Andy (June 29, 2019). Andy Puzder: Trump’s China trade strategy could lead to historic agreement benefiting both nations. Fox News. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Limitone, Julia (July 1, 2019). Trump's 'brilliant stroke' with China's Xi a win for US, Michael Pillsbury says. Fox Business. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
China made a major soybean purchase from the U.S. shortly before the agreement:
- Meyer, Gregory (June 28, 2019). China buys US soybeans ahead of Trump-Xi meeting. Financial Times. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Plume, Karl (June 28, 2019). USDA reports large U.S. soybean sale to China ahead of Trump-Xi meeting. Reuters. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
Later soybean purchase developments:
- The New Olive Branch: U.S. soy being shipped to China. Fox Business (from Reuters). July 28, 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
- Cadell, Cate; Gu, Hallie (July 28, 2019). Beijing says China stepping up U.S. soy imports, yet to show up in U.S. data. Reuters. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
- Plume, Karl (July 29, 2019). U.S. soybean exports to China rise, but big purchases remain elusive. Reuters. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
- Weinraub, Mark; Plume, Karl (August 1, 2019). U.S. confirms small soybean sale to private Chinese buyer. Reuters. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Plume, Karl (August 8, 2019). U.S. confirms light soy, wheat, pork sales to China before latest tariff threats. Reuters. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
- Polansek, Tom; Plume, Karl (August 15, 2019). China bought U.S. pork last week as Beijing declared halt in U.S. farm purchases. Reuters. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
- Plume, Karl; Polansek, Tom (August 22, 2019). U.S. official says China far short of soybean purchase pledge after small sale. Reuters. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
President Trump also allowed U.S. companies to sell to Huawei as part of the agreement:
- Akan, Emel (June 29, 2019). Trump Says China Trade Talks ‘Back on Track,’ Will Allow US Companies to Sell to Huawei. The Epoch Times. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Axelrod, Tal (June 29, 2019). Trump to allow US companies to sell products to Huawei. The Hill. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Davis, Bob; Mauldin, William; Wei, Lingling (June 29, 2019). Trump Allows U.S. Sales to Huawei as Trade Talks Resume. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Strumpf, Dan (June 29, 2019). Trump Throws Huawei a Lifeline, but It Hasn’t Reached Safe Harbor Yet. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
- Carney, John (July 1, 2019). Michael Pillsbury: Trump Has Not Reversed His Position on Huawei. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (August 1, 2019). Trump Extends Tariffs to Remaining $300 Billion of Chinese Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Mauldin, William; Salama, Vivian (August 1, 2019). Trump Threatens New Chinese Tariffs, Rattling Investors Across Markets. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (August 1, 2019). Trump banks on new China tariffs to reignite stalled trade talks. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (August 1, 2019). Trump accuses China of backtracking on trade and promises to add tariffs next month. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Fabian, Jordan (August 1, 2019). Trump says US will hit China with new round of tariffs next month. The Hill. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Haynes, Danielle (August 1, 2019). Trump: U.S. to levy new 10% tariff on $300B of Chinese goods. UPI. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Conklin, Audrey (August 1, 2019). Trade War Development: Trump Ups The Ante On China. The Daily Caller. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Li, Yun (August 1, 2019). Trump says US will impose 10% tariffs on another $300 billion of Chinese goods starting Sept. 1. CNBC. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Freking, Kevin; Boak, Josh (August 1, 2019). Trump says he’ll put 10% tariffs on remaining China imports. Associated Press. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Shalal, Andrea; Alper, Alexandra (August 1, 2019). Trump hits China with more tariffs, says Xi moving too slowly on trade. Reuters. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Jackson, David (August 1, 2019). Trump hits China with new tariffs, but still wants trade deal. USA Today. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
See also:
- He, Cathy (August 2, 2019). Trump Says China ‘Has to Do a Lot of Things’ to Get Trade Talks Back on Track. The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Axelrod, Tal (August 3, 2019). Trump defends position on trade after threat of new China tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
- Trump on China 'They are paying us tens of billions'. Fox Business. August 3, 2019. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
- Trump defends stance on China trade after new tariffs. Reuters. August 3, 2019. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
- Boyer, Dave; Garred, Maggie (August 6, 2019). Trump says U.S. has advantage in escalating trade war with China. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- Watts, Jake Maxwell (August 2, 2019). Pompeo Brands Beijing an Economic Bully as Trump Moves on More Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Lee, Matthew (August 1, 2019). Pompeo takes aim at China after Trump tariff hit. Associated Press. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Gehrke, Joel (August 2, 2019). Pompeo tells Southeast Asia ‘imperial’ China can only be countered with US trade. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Tanakasempipat, Patpicha (August 1, 2019). Pompeo jabs at China's 'bad behavior', defends U.S. tariffs. Reuters. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Cherney, Mike (August 4, 2019). Pompeo Steps Up China Criticism: ‘We Were Asleep at the Switch’. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
- De Lea, Brittany (August 1, 2019). Trump: 'We will be taxing the hell out of China' until a trade deal is reached. Fox Business. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
- Henderson, Ian (August 2, 2019). Donald Trump and The Art of No Deal With China. The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Kubota, Yoko; Deng, Chao (August 2, 2019). China Faces Limited Options for Retaliating Against Latest U.S. Threat. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Puzder, Andy (August 3, 2019). Andy Puzder: Trump tariffs on China are needed – he knows surrender isn’t a winning negotiating strategy. Fox News. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
- Spalding, Robert (August 3, 2019). Bring back America, democracy and freedom — Make China tariffs permanent. The Hill. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
- Deng, Chao; Wong, Chun Han (August 6, 2019). China Digs In to Outlast U.S. in Trade Dispute. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- Carney, John (August 7, 2019). China’s New Strategy: Outlast Donald Trump. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (August 7, 2019). Trump reaching limit on China tariffs — but has other tools. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
- Elis, Niv; Lane, Sylvan (August 30, 2019). Five things to know about Trump's Labor Day weekend tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
- U.S. says no grace period for Chinese imports facing tariffs on Sept. 1. Reuters. August 30, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; D'Innocenzio, Anne (August 31, 2019). ‘They’re on,’ Trump says of tariffs set to kick in on Sunday. Associated Press. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (August 31, 2019). Trump China tariffs headed for rates comparable to Smoot-Hawley levies that worsened Great Depression. Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (September 2, 2019). Trump Justifies New Tariffs, Saying China Actually Pays for All. The Epoch Times. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
- Shilling, A. Gary (August 12, 2019). Why The U.S. Will Win The China Trade War. Forbes. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
The tariffs went into effect on September 1, 2019:
- Mauldin, William; Deng, Chao (September 1, 2019). Trump Administration Goes Ahead With New Tariffs on Chinese Products. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- Budryk, Zack (September 1, 2019). New tariffs go into effect in US-China trade war. The Hill. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- Blanchard, Ben; Holland, Steve (August 31, 2019). China, U.S. kick off new round of tariffs in trade war. Reuters. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- Re, Gregg (September 1, 2019). Steep new US, China tariffs go into effect, as companies warn of higher consumer prices. Fox News. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- Leonard, Jenny; Niquette, Mark (September 1, 2019). Trump Heaps More Tariffs on China, Still No Deal in Sight. Bloomberg. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- Trump’s 15% tariffs on $112 billion in Chinese goods take effect. CNBC (from the Associated Press). Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- Henney, Megan (August 31, 2019). Trump's tariffs on $112 billion of Chinese goods begin. Fox Business. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- Li, Yun (September 1, 2019). Trump's tariffs on $112 billion of Chinese imports kick in. NBC News (from CNBC). Retrieved September 1, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Zumbrun, Josh; Salama, Vivian; Leary, Alex (August 13, 2019). U.S. Retreats on Chinese Tariff Threats, Stocks Soar. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- Boyer, Dave; Howell, Tom (August 13, 2019). Trump's delay of tariffs on China eases Christmas worries, sends markets higher. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- Fitzgerald, Maggie (August 13, 2019). US delays China tariffs for some items including cellphones, removing other products from list. CNBC. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- Quinn, Melissa (August 13, 2019). Trump delays new tariffs on Chinese phones, toys until mid-December. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan (August 13, 2019). Trump delays tariffs on key Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Rugaber, Christopher (August 13, 2019). Trump delays tariffs on some Chinese goods until December. Associated Press. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- Shepardson, David; Lawder, David (August 13, 2019). Trump delays tariffs on Chinese cellphones, laptops, toys; markets jump. Reuters. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- Trump Administration Delays Tariffs on Some Chinese Goods, Drops Others. Breitbart News (from the Associated Press). August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- US to Delay China Tariffs on Some Products, Including Laptops, Cell Phones. The Epoch Times. (from Reuters). August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
Subsequent announcements:
- Lawder, David; Shepardson, David (August 16, 2019). U.S. removes some Chinese furniture, modems from planned 10% tariffs. Reuters. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
See also:
- Trump says Christmas shopping was factor in tariff decision. Reuters. August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (August 13, 2019). Trump says he delayed China tariffs to protect Christmas shoppers. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- Brown, Courtenay (August 13, 2019). Scoop: How the U.S. decided which China tariffs will be delayed. Axios. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan (August 13, 2019). Trump blinks as trade war threatens consumers. The Hill. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- He, Cathy (August 14, 2019). ‘No Reasons to Inflict Harm on Ourselves,’ Says Navarro of Decision to Delay Tariffs on Some Chinese Goods. The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
- Bufkin, Ellie (August 14, 2019). Trump administration: Bibles printed in China will be exempt from tariff hikes. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
- Parke, Caleb (August 16, 2019). ‘Bible tax’ no more: Trump exempts religious items from China tariff list. Fox News. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
- Furr, Amy (August 17, 2019). Trump Removes Bibles from List of Chinese Tariff Items. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
- Pietsch, Bryan (August 14, 2019). Trump spares bibles but not rosaries from Chinese tariff lists. Reuters. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
- Freiburger, Calvin (August 29, 2019). Trump administration exempts Bibles from Chinese tariffs. LifeSiteNews. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
- Kubota, Yoko (August 14, 2019). U.S. Retreat on New Tariffs Gives Beijing Breathing Room on Trade Talks. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
- Lawder, David; Heavey, Susan (August 14, 2019). Trump officials see no Chinese concessions for tariff delays amid market rout. Reuters. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
- Spiering, Charlie (August 15, 2019). Donald Trump Rips Wall Street Journal: ‘They Understand Nothing About Trade or Business’. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
- DeBarros, Anthony; Zumbrun, Josh (August 16, 2019). Despite Reprieve, New Tariffs Will Hit Wide Range of Consumer Goods. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (August 21, 2019). White House granting more exclusions to steel and aluminum tariffs than China ones. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Peek, Liz (August 14, 2019). Trump winning trade war with China even as White House blinks. The Hill. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (August 23, 2019). Trump Orders U.S. Companies to Look for Alternatives to China. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Pappas, Alex (August 23, 2019). Trade war explodes as Trump clashes with US firms over ‘order’ to abandon China, block fentanyl shipments. Fox News. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Boyer, Dave; Howell, Tom (August 23, 2019). A fuming President Trump 'orders' U.S. companies to move out of China. Fox News. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Trump Orders US Firms Out of China After Beijing Sets New Tariffs. The Epoch Times (from Reuters). August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (August 23, 2019). Trump says US businesses are 'ordered' to find alternatives to China trade. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Chalfant, Morgan (August 23, 2019). Trump demands US companies 'start looking for an alternative to China'. The Hill. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Shepardson, David; Shalal, Andrea (August 23, 2019). Trump presses U.S. companies to close China operations. Reuters. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Mauldin, William; Leary, Alex; Deng, Chao (August 23, 2019). Trump Lashes Out at China, Sending Markets Falling. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe; Wiseman, Paul; Colvin, Jill (August 23, 2019). Trump vows response to China tariffs on $75B of US goods. Associated Press. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Pound, Jesse; Wu, Jasmine (August 23, 2019). Trump calls on UPS, FedEx and Amazon to ‘search for & refuse’ fentanyl deliveries from China. CNBC. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
See also:
- Gee, Kelsey; Campo-Flores, Arian (August 23, 2019). Despite New Safeguards, Fentanyl Trafficking Is Still a Problem. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Chalfant, Morgan; Samuels, Brett (August 24, 2019). Trump spurs new wave of economic angst by escalating China fight. The Hill. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- March, Mary Tyler (August 24, 2019). Trump takes aim at media after 'hereby' ordering US businesses out of China. The Hill. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Hanchett, Ian (August 23, 2019). Trump: ‘I Have the Absolute Right’ to Order Companies Not to Do Business with China. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Miller, Zeke (August 25, 2019). Powerful, obscure law is basis for Trump ‘order’ on trade. Associated Press. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
- Miller, Zeke (August 25, 2019). Trump wields powerful, obscure federal law in China trade 'order'. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved August 25, 2019.
- Baker, Peter; Bradsher, Keith (August 24, 2019). Trump Asserts He Can Force U.S. Companies to Leave China. The New York Times. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Trump can use these powers to pressure US companies to leave China. CNBC (from Reuters). August 24, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Donati, Jessica (August 25, 2019). Trump Aides Say He Isn’t Ordering U.S. Companies Out of China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (August 26, 2019). Trump’s “Order” Backed by Power Congress Gave Up to the Executive Branch in 1977. The New American. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
- Reed, J.R. (September 1, 2019). President Trump ordered US firms to ditch China, but many already have and more are on the way. CNBC. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Spiering, Charlie (August 23, 2019). Donald Trump Strikes Back at China with Higher Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Zumbrun, Josh; Deng, Chao (August 23, 2019). Latest Round in Trade War Set to Hit U.S. Vehicles, Agriculture. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Wulfsohn, Joseph A. (August 23, 2019). Trump announces increased tariffs on China in latest trade war salvo. Fox News. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Fu, Eva (August 23, 2019). Trump Hits Back at China With More Tariffs Following China’s Retaliation. The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Gage, John (August 23, 2019). Trump announces additional increase in tariffs on China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Samuels, Brett; Lane, Sylvan (August 23, 2019). Trump announces increased tariffs on Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Lawder, David; Lee, Se Young (August 23, 2019). Trump heaps another 5% tariff on Chinese goods in latest tit-for-tat escalation. Reuters. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Colvin, Jill; McDonald, Joe (August 24, 2019). Trump raises tariffs on Chinese goods as trade war escalates. Associated Press. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Pramuk, Jacob (August 24, 2019). Trump will raise tariff rates on Chinese goods in response to trade war retaliation. CNBC. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
See also:
- USTR to accept public comment period before raising tariffs on $250 billion in Chinese imports. Reuters. August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
- Kazianis, Harry J. (August 24, 2019). Harry Kazianis: Trump is right to confront China, reversing Obama’s policy of weakness and appeasement. Fox News. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Puzder, Andy (August 25, 2019). Andy Puzder: Trump's pressure on China is working. Americans should back him on counter-tariffs. Fox News. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
- Kan, Janita (August 24, 2019). Republicans Applaud Trump as Business Groups Express Concern Following Latest Round of China Tariffs. The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Kraychik, Robert (August 24, 2019). Steven Mosher: China Loses Money on Everything But Exports, Trump’s Tariffs Will Break Them. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Kraychik, Robert (August 24, 2019). Gordon Chang: Trump’s Tariffs Are ‘Pushing’ Major U.S. Companies ‘Out of China’. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
- Salama, Vivian (August 30, 2019). Trump Says Companies, Not Trade Policies, to Blame for Business Setbacks. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
- Lavorgna, Joseph (September 20, 2019). Don't blame tariffs for dimming US growth prospects. The Hill. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
- Xiaonong, Cheng (September 21, 2019). What Can We See From the Sudden Escalation of the Sino-US Trade War? The Epoch Times. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Spiering, Charlie (September 12, 2019). Ready to Deal: Donald Trump Postpones China Tariffs for 15 Days. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- Lucey, Catherine; Mauldin, William (September 11, 2019). Trump to Delay Tariffs on China by Two Weeks. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- Leon, Melissa (September 11, 2019). Trump delays tariff increase on $250B in Chinese goods for two weeks to Oct. 15. Fox News. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- Fang, Frank (September 11, 2019). Trump Postpones Tariff Hike in Goodwill Gesture After Request From China’s Vice Premier. The Epoch Times. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- Chalfant, Morgan (September 11, 2019). Trump delays increase in China tariffs until Oct. 15. The Hill. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- Uria, Daniel (September 11, 2019). Trump pledges to postpone 5 percent hike on Chinese tariffs. UPI. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- Trump agrees to 2-week delay in China tariff increase. Associated Press. September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- Mason, Jeff; Chen, Yawen (September 11, 2019). U.S., China grant trade concessions as fresh talks loom. Reuters. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- Trump: U.S. agrees to delay tariff hike on some Chinese goods by two weeks. Reuters. September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- Palmer, Doug (September 11, 2019). Trump announces delay on next China tariff hike until Oct. 15. Politico. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
See also:
- Adelmann, Bob (September 12, 2019). Tariff Wars Are Following Standard Negotiating Strategies. The New American. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe; Wiseman, Paul (September 12, 2019). US, China exchange goodwill gesture ahead of trade talks. Associated Press. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- Deng, Chao (September 13, 2019). China to Exclude U.S. Soybeans and Pork From Additional Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (September 13, 2019). China to lift punitive tariffs on US soybeans, pork. Associated Press. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- Bowden, John (September 13, 2019). China exempts US soybeans, pork from tariff hikes. The Hill. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (September 13, 2019). China excludes US soybeans and pork from tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (September 13, 2019). China exempts some U.S. farm goods from tariffs. The Washington Times. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
The U.S. also exempted a large number of products from the tariffs:
- Brokaw, Sommer (September 19, 2019). Trump administration exempts hundreds of Chinese products from tariffs. UPI. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
- Palmer, Doug (September 19, 2019). Hundreds of Chinese goods exempted from Trump's tariffs. Politico. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
- Cheng, Evelyn (September 20, 2019). Trump grants tariff exemptions to plastic straws, dog leashes and more from China. CNBC. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan (September 20, 2019). White House exempts dozens of Chinese goods from tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
- Nellis, Stephen (September 20, 2019). U.S. trade regulators approve some Apple tariff exemptions amid broader reprieve. Reuters. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
- Byrnes, Jesse (September 21, 2019). Apple secures some tariff exemptions from US trade officials. The Hill. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
- Zumbrun, Josh; DeBarros, Anthony (September 20, 2019). U.S. Grants Apple 10 Exemptions from Tariffs on Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
- Quinn, Melissa (September 20, 2019). Plastic straws and Christmas tree lights among 400 items Trump administration spares from tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
China made some agricultural purchases from the U.S.:
- Higgins, Sean (September 12, 2019). Trade talk thaw: Chinese companies renew soybean purchases. Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- Rodrigo, Chris Mills (September 23, 2019). China buys 10 boatloads of US soybeans after mid-level trade talks. The Hill. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
- Plume, Karl (September 23, 2019). China buys about 10 cargoes of U.S. soybeans after trade talks. Reuters. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
- Gu, Hallie (September 24, 2019). China gives waivers to importers to buy U.S. soy exempt from tariffs: sources. Reuters. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- Spokesman: China buying US soybeans, pork. Associated Press. September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
- Rodrigo, Chris Mills (September 26, 2019). China: Importers to buy US soybeans, pork ahead of trade talks. The Hill. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
- Polansek, Tom (October 3, 2019). Yes whey! U.S. touts dairy product to Chinese hog farmers fighting swine fever. Reuters. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- Bunge, Jacob; Maltais, Kirk (October 7, 2019). U.S. Markets Farm Goods to Nations Beyond China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
- Plume, Karl (October 10, 2019). China buys more U.S. soybeans, record volume of pork ahead of trade talks. Reuters. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
- Gu, Hallie; Plume, Karl (November 13, 2019). Chinese importers buy U.S. soybean cargoes despite ports congestion. Reuters. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- Patton, Dominique; Lawder, David; Polansek, Tom (November 14, 2019). China ends ban on U.S. poultry imports as pig disease crisis causes meat shortage. Reuters. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
- China move to end U.S. poultry ban will boost U.S. exports by $1 billion annually: USTR, USDA. Reuters. November 14, 2019. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (November 14, 2019). US chickens headed to China after Beijing lifts 5-year ban. Associated Press. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
- Weinraub, Mark (November 15, 2019). China buys U.S. soybeans, pork amid uncertainty about trade war settlement. Reuters. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Spiering, Charlie (October 11, 2019). Donald Trump Announces Future ‘Substantial Phase One Deal’ with China. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Mauldin, William; Deng, Chao; Salama, Vivian (October 12, 2019). U.S. and China Move Forward on Trade. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (October 11, 2019). Trump: U.S., China reach 'substantial phase one deal'. The Washington Times. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (October 11, 2019). US, China Reach a Partial Trade Deal, Easing Tensions. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Conklin, Audrey (October 11, 2019). ‘I Suggest Farmers … Immediately Buy More Land’: Trump, China Reach ‘Phase One’ Of Tentative Trade Agreement. The Daily Caller. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- US-China reach trade war 'pause'. Fox Business. October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (October 11, 2019). US and China reach 'phase one' trade deal, staving off more tariffs for now. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Elis, Niv; Samuels, Brett; Chalfant, Morgan (October 11, 2019). Trump announces limited trade deal with China. The Hill. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Mason, Jeff; Lawder, David (October 11, 2019). U.S. outlines 'Phase 1' trade deal with China, suspends October tariff hike. Reuters. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Freking, Kevin (October 11, 2019). US-China issues of dispute remain vast despite trade truce. Associated Press. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Leonard, Jenny; Mohsin, Saleha; Wingrove, Josh; Donnan, Shawn (October 11, 2019). Trump Touts U.S.-China Phase One Trade Deal, Delays Tariffs. Bloomberg. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
- Palmer, Doug; Behsudi, Adam; Cassella, Megan (October 11, 2019). Trump delays tariff increase for China, citing 'substantial phase 1 deal'. Politico. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana (October 11, 2019). Trump Reaches ‘Phase 1’ Deal With China and Delays Planned Tariffs. The New York Times. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (October 13, 2019). Trump announces proposed trade pact with China. The Washington Times. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
See also:
- Elis, Niv (October 11, 2019). Stocks pare gains after US announces limited trade deal with China. The Hill. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Carney, John (October 11, 2019). Stocks Jump Higher on Report of a Partial China Trade Deal. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Quinn, Melissa (October 11, 2019). Stocks jump as Trump announces partial trade pact with China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Polansek, Tom; Plume, Karl (October 11, 2019). U.S. farmers cheered by apparent trade truce, hope shipments to follow. Reuters. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (October 12, 2019). Companies welcome US-China trade truce, warn disputes remain. Associated Press. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
- Deng, Chao; Wei, Lingling (October 12, 2019). China Emerges With Wins From U.S. Trade Truce. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
- Cronin, Patrick M. (October 11, 2019). US-China trade deal: What it is, is not, and may become. The Hill. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
- Veiga, Alex; Choe, Stan (October 12, 2019). Stocks rise on trade progress, S&P 500 notches weekly gain. Associated Press. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
- Donnan, Shawn (October 11, 2019). Trump’s China Deal Yields Plenty of Questions, and Critics. Bloomberg. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
- Nao, Nicole (October 13, 2019). Chinese Media Limits Coverage, Omits Key Details of Announced US–China Trade Deal. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (October 13, 2019). US–China Trade Deal Boosts Optimism for Farmers, Banks, and Markets. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
- Mitchell, Tom (October 12, 2019). China makes few concessions in trade truce with US. Financial Times. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (October 14, 2019). Mnuchin says details on China trade deal still need working out. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- U.S. Treasury Secretary Mnuchin sees tariffs being imposed Dec. 15 if no China trade deal. Reuters. October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- US Treasury Secretary Mnuchin Sees Tariffs Being Imposed Dec. 15 If No China Trade Deal. The Epoch Times (from Reuters). October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Patton, Dominique (October 14, 2019). Trump's hailing of $50 billion in Chinese farm purchases seen as 'meaningless'. Reuters. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan; Elis, Niv (October 14, 2019). Trump hypes China trade deal as new doubts emerge. The Hill. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Kolpack, Dave; Pitt, David (October 14, 2019). ‘Nothing-burger’: US-China truce leaves big issues for later. Associated Press. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (October 15, 2019). December tariffs loom as sticking point in completion of 'phase one' deal with China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- McDonald, Joe (October 15, 2019). China tempers hopes about US tariff truce. Associated Press. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- China says it already bought 700,000 tonnes of U.S. pork, data shows smaller sales. Reuters. October 15, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- Deng, Chao; Wei, Lingling (October 16, 2019). Uncertainty Clouds China’s Commitment to U.S. Farm Purchases. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- Peek, Liz (October 16, 2019). 5 big wins in US-China trade pact. The Hill. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (October 16, 2019). Farmers Welcome China Deal Expected to Boost US Farm Exports by Tens of Billions. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- Hormats, Robert D. (October 16, 2019). Broad, unresolved issues complicate US-Sino trade talks. The Hill. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- White House adviser says China agricultural purchases will depend partly on markets. Reuters. October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
- Ip, Greg (October 16, 2019). Despite Trade Truce, U.S.-China Cold War Edges Closer. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
- Whiton, Christian (October 21, 2019). The U.S.-China Trade War Won't End Anytime Soon. The National Interest. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (October 23, 2019). Crushed by Trade War, Farmers See Silver Lining With New China Truce. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
- Crilly, Rob (October 24, 2019). White House claims victory as China gives ground on intellectual property. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
- Nelson, Steven (October 24, 2019). Trump’s reputation for deal-making on the line as he touts ‘phase one’ with China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
- Carney, John (December 3, 2019). Wilbur Ross Explains What China and American Media Got Wrong About Trump and Trade. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- China waiving tariff hikes on US soybeans, pork. Associated Press. December 6, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
- Patton, Dominique; Chen, Yawen (December 6, 2019). China to waive tariffs on some U.S. soybeans, pork in goodwill gesture. Reuters. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
- Johnson, Marty (December 6, 2019). China to waive import tariffs on US soybeans, pork. The Hill. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
- Plume, Karl (December 9, 2019). China buys U.S. soybeans after Beijing issues new tariff waivers: traders. Reuters. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (December 13, 2019). Trump Announces Phase One Trade Deal with China. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
- Mauldin, William; Wei, Lingling; Leary, Alex (December 14, 2019). U.S., China Agree to Limited Deal to Halt Trade War. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (December 13, 2019). Trump, Chinese leaders announce initial trade deal with U.S. to avoid new tariffs The Washington Times. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Elis, Niv (December 13, 2019). Trump, China announce 'Phase One' trade deal. The Hill. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Stieber, Zachary (December 13, 2019). Trump: ‘We Have Agreed to a Very Large Phase One Deal With China’. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (December 13, 2019). Trump reaches deal with Beijing to scrap new China tariffs and roll back others. Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Collins, Michael; Jackson, David (December 13, 2019). Trump, China tout tentative 'Phase One' trade deal, including canceling upcoming tariffs. USA Today. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Pramuk, Jacob (December 13, 2019). China and US reach phase one trade deal that includes some tariff relief and agriculture purchases. CNBC. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- China, U.S. Agree on Initial Trade Deal to Remove Some Tariffs. Bloomberg. December 13, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Bayly, Lucy (December 13, 2019). Trump confirms U.S. and China have reached agreement on trade deal. NBC News. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Rappeport, Alan; Swanson, Ana; Bradsher, Keith; Buckley, Chris (December 13, 2019). Initial China Trade Deal Defuses Tensions, but U.S. Still Has Concerns. The New York Times. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- U.S. and China reach "phase one" trade deal to avert December tariffs. Axios. December 13, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Palmer, Doug; Behsudi, Adam (December 13, 2019). U.S., China confirm preliminary deal. Politico. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- U.S. says agrees to lower tariffs on some Chinese imports in trade deal. Reuters. December 13, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Qiu, Stella; Pollard, Martin (December 13, 2019). China says reached phase one deal with U.S., to cancel Sunday tariffs. Reuters. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- USTR files notice suspending Dec. 15 tariffs on Chinese goods. Reuters. December 14, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
Earlier sources regarding an agreement between the two counties:
- US, China reach phase one trade deal, source says. Fox News. December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
- Wei, Lingling; Davis, Bob; Mauldin, William; Zumbrun, Josh (December 12, 2019). Trump Agrees to Limited Trade Deal With China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Howell, Tom; Boyer, Dave (December 12, 2019). Trump, China agree on initial trade deal: 'They want it, and so do we!' The Washington Times. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (December 12, 2019). White House and Beijing strike deal to avoid tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Samuels, Brett; Chalfant, Morgan (December 12, 2019). US, China reach limited trade deal ahead of tariff deadline. The Hill. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (December 12, 2019). US and China near deal that would suspend planned tariffs. Associated Press. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Behsudi, Adam (December 25, 2019). U.S., China strike partial trade deal that cuts tariffs. Politico. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
More details on the initial agreement:
- Carney, John (December 13, 2019). Trump Expects China to Buy $50 Billion in U.S. Agriculture. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- He, Cathy; Akan, Emel (December 13, 2019). Beijing to Buy Additional $200 Billion in US Goods as Part of Initial Trade Deal. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- What's in the U.S.-China 'phase one' trade deal. Reuters. December 13, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Shalal, Andrea; Lawder, David; Qiu, Stella (December 13, 2019). U.S.-China trade deal cuts tariffs for Beijing promise of big farm purchases. Reuters. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Behsudi, Adam; Palmer, Doug (December 13, 2019). Here’s what’s in, what’s out of U.S.-China trade deal. Politico. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Freking, Kevin (December 13, 2019). How US-China trade deal achieved a little but left out a lot. Associated Press. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Factbox: What is actually in the U.S.-China 'Phase One' trade deal? Reuters. December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
Tariff reductions and increased purchases announced by China:
- Factbox: A lot of soy, a little rice - China's historical U.S. agricultural purchases. Reuters. December 13, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- China delays tariffs on US autos, other goods in trade deal. Associated Press. December 15, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Klar, Rebecca (December 15, 2019). China suspends tariffs on US products scheduled to go into effect Sunday. The Hill. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Goh, Brenda (December 14, 2019). China suspends planned tariffs scheduled for December 15 on some U.S. goods. Reuters. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Factbox: How China tariffs on U.S. commodities, energy stand after 'phase one' trade deal. Reuters. December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- China to lower import tariffs on frozen pork, avocados from January 1. Reuters. December 22, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Aizhu, Chen; Zhang, Min (December 19, 2019). China announces new tariff exemptions for U.S. chemical, oil products. Reuters. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- China cuts America a break on tariffs after phase one deal. Fox Business (from Reuters). December 19, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Martin, Ken (December 23, 2019). China to cut import tariffs, open markets. Fox Business. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Zumbrun, Josh; Maltais, Kirk (December 18, 2019). China’s Farm-Purchase Targets Under Trade Deal Face Skeptics. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- China's November soybean imports from U.S. rise as tariff-free cargoes arrive. Reuters. December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
- Factbox: How China tariffs on U.S. commodities, energy stand after Phase 1 trade deal. Reuters. December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Lung, Natalie; Han, Miao (December 22, 2019). China to Cut Tariffs on Pork, Tech From List Worth $389 Billion. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- China announces tariff cuts, more competition in markets. Associated Press. December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- China to Cut Tariffs on Range of Goods Amid Push for Trade Deal. The Wall Street Journal. December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- China Announces Tariff Cuts on 850+ Imported Products. Breitbart News (from the Associated Press). December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Klar, Rebecca (December 23, 2019). China lowering tariffs on US pork, high-tech components. The Hill. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- China to cut import tariffs on 850 products. Axios. December 22, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Klar, Rebecca (December 26, 2019). China's imports of US soybeans surges following trade deal. The Hill. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- China’s November soybean imports rise after US trade deal. Associated Press. December 26, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- Funk, Josh; Wiseman, Paul; McDonald, Joe (December 26, 2019). At each end of Pacific, skepticism over China farm purchases. Associated Press. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- China Doubled U.S. Soy Purchases During Phase 1 Trade Deal Talks. Breitbart News (from UPI). December 28, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- Higgins, Jesse (December 27, 2019). China doubled U.S. soy purchases during Phase 1 trade deal talks. UPI. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
See also:
- Garber, Jonathan (December 13, 2019). US, China trade deal is a 'real breakthrough'. Fox Business. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Hudson, Jeroe (December 13, 2019). Job Creators Network: Trump China Trade Deal ‘Another Major Victory for Small Businesses’. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Puzder, Andy (December 13, 2019). Andy Puzder: Trump’s China trade deal brings US great benefits, fulfills campaign promise. Fox News. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Zhdannikov, Dmitry; Cornwell, Alexander (December 14, 2019). Mnuchin says trade deal with China to boost global economy. Reuters. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Newburger, Emma (December 15, 2019). US trade representative says phase-one trade deal is ‘totally done’ and will double exports to China in two years. CNBC. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Carney, John (December 16, 2019). Goldman Sachs, Paul Krugman, and Chuck Schumer Are Disappointed In Trump’s China Trade Deal. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Lewandowski, Corey R. (December 17, 2019). Trump's 'Phase One' trade deal undercuts the anti-tariff crowd's arguments. The Hill. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- McDaniel, Christine (December 18, 2019). Trade deal with China a gift to American workers. The Hill. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Gehrke, Joel (December 16, 2019). ‘We did not cheer': China hints at breaking trade deal before it is signed. Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Street, Chriss (December 18, 2019). US Farmers Praise Trade Deals’ Commitment to Eliminate Non-Tariff Barriers. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Lawder, David; Yao, Kevin (December 15, 2019). U.S. top trade negotiator praises deal, China remains cautious. Reuters. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Klar, Rebecca (December 15, 2019). Mnuchin, Lighthizer deny WSJ reporting on tariff negotiations with China: 'It did not happen'. The Hill. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (December 15, 2019). U.S. Chinese negotiators start a new round trade talks after toasting 'phase one'. The Washington Times. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Moritsugu, Ken (December 14, 2019). China welcomes preliminary deal in trade war it blames on US. Associated Press. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
- Su, Nathan (December 20, 2019). US Manufacturers Call for Higher Tariffs in China Trade Deal. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- Red China More Dangerous than the Soviet Union. The New American. December 26, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- Stech Ferek, Katy (December 31, 2019). Tariffs on Chinese Goods Are Skirted by Some U.S. Shoppers. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
- Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (January 13, 2020). How the U.S. and China Settled on a Trade Deal Neither Wanted. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Davis, Bob; Stech Ferek, Katy (January 14, 2020). Tech Tensions Simmer in Washington as U.S., China Near Trade Truce. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
↑
Multiple references:
- Harrup, Anthony (May 7, 2019). U.S. to Impose Duties on Mexican Tomatoes. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- Uria, Daniel (May 7, 2019). U.S. starts collecting tariffs on Mexican tomatoes. UPI. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- Shepardson, David (May 7, 2019). U.S. to levy tariff on imported Mexican tomatoes in trade spat. Reuters. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- Webber, Jude; Asgari, Nikou (May 7, 2019). US to impose tariffs on Mexican tomatoes as trade spat continues. Financial Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- U.S. to impose tariffs on Mexican tomatoes as new pact remains elusive. Reuters. May 6, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- Horsley, Scott (May 7, 2019). Food Fight: Trump Administration Levels Tariffs On Mexican Tomatoes. NPR. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
- Gibson, Kate (May 8, 2019). Tomatoes from Mexico could soon get a lot more expensive in U.S. CBS News. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Harrup, Anthony (August 21, 2019). Mexican Tomato Growers Reach Agreement to End U.S. Duties. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Graham, David (August 21, 2019). Mexico and U.S. reach deal to end tomato tariff dispute. Reuters. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Axelrod, Tal (August 21, 2019). Trump administration announces deal to avert tariffs on Mexican tomatoes. The Hill. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Horsley, Scott (August 21, 2019). Tomato Truce: U.S. And Mexico Strike A Deal On Imports. NPR. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Lawrence, Edward (August 21, 2019). US strikes Mexican tomato trade deal in win for consumers. Fox Business. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
- Martin, Eric; Levin, Jonathan (August 21, 2019). Tomato Trade War Eases as U.S. Agrees to End Mexico Tariffs. Bloomberg. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
See also:
- Mauldin, William (September 19, 2019). U.S.-Mexico Tomato Deal Could Force Retailers, Importers to Play Ketchup. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Brevetti, Rossella (November 22, 2019). Trade Commission Keeps Mexican Tomato Deal in Place. Bloomberg Law. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
- Mexican Tomato Deal Remains Intact Following ITC Vote. Law360. November 22, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
- Woodhouse, Murphy (November 22, 2019). International Trade Commission Rules Mexican Tomatoes Threaten U.S. Growers. KJZZ. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
- Tomato anti-dumping agreement between U.S. and Mexico to remain in place. Fresh Plaza. November 25, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
See also:
- The US will impose anti-dumping fees on Mexican tomatoes starting December. Fresh Plaza. November 27, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Proclamation 9888 of May 17, 2019 -- Adjusting Imports of Automobiles and Automobile Parts Into the United States. Federal Register. May 21, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- Shepardson, David (May 17, 2019). Trump declares some auto imports pose national security threat. Reuters. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Carney, John (May 17, 2019). Trump Puts Auto Tariffs on Hold for Six Months. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Boyer, Dave (May 17, 2019). Trump delays decision on tariffs for imported autos, car parts. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Salama, Vivian; Zumbrun, Josh; Peker, Emre (May 17, 2019). White House Puts Off Final Decision on Auto Tariffs for 180 Days. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Samuels, Brett; Elis, Niv (May 17, 2019). Trump delays auto tariffs for 180 days. The Hill. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Pramuk, Jacob (May 17, 2019). Trump administration will delay auto tariffs for up to six months. CNBC. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Fritze, John (May 17, 2019). Trump delays tariffs on auto imports, gives negotiators six months to find deal with EU, Japan. USA Today. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Domonoske, Camila; Schneider, Avie (May 17, 2019). Trump Delays Auto Tariffs For 6 Months. NPR. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Leonard, Jenny; Donnan, Shawn (May 17, 2019). Trump Delays EU, Japan Auto Tariffs for 180 Days for Talks. Bloomberg. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
See also:
- Akan, Emel (May 27, 2019). EU Chilled by US-China Trade War as Auto Tariffs Remain a Threat. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Lawder, David; Brice, Makini (May 23, 2019). U.S. considers duties on countries that undervalue currency: Commerce Department. Reuters. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
- US is considering duties on countries that undervalue their currencies. CNBC (from Reuters). May 23, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana; Rappeport, Alan (May 23, 2019). Trump Administration to Expand Penalties for Currency Manipulators. The New York Times. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
- Donnan, Shawn; Leonard, Jenny (May 23, 2019). U.S. Proposes Tariffs on Nations With Undervalued Currencies. Bloomberg. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- Politi, James (May 23, 2019). US proposes punishment for countries that manipulate currencies. Financial Times. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
See also:
- Lawder, David; Shalal, Andrea (June 4, 2019). U.S. will not impose duties over foreign central bank policy: official. Reuters. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Shepardson, David (May 29, 2019). U.S. imposes new anti-dumping duties on Chinese mattresses, beer kegs. Reuters. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
- US imposes new anti-dumping duties on Chinese mattresses, beer kegs. CNBC (from Reuters). May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
- Chinese Mattresses, Beer Kegs Hit With Preliminary Duties. Law360. May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (May 29, 2019). US moves to impose tariffs on Chinese kegs, mattresses. Washington Examiner. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Moons, Michelle (May 30, 2019). Donald Trump Declares He Will Increase Tariffs on Mexico Until Illegal Immigration Remedied. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Munro, Neil (May 30, 2019). Donald Trump to Mexico: Stop Migration or Face Five Percent Tariffs in June. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Radnofsky, Louise; Mauldin, William; Luhnow, David (May 30, 2019). Trump Threatens Tariffs on Mexican Imports in Response to Migrant Surge. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Re, Gregg (May 30, 2019). Trump announces escalating tariffs against Mexico, starting at 5 percent, until illegal immigrants 'STOP'. Fox News. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Dinan, Stephen (May 30, 2019). Trump slaps emergency tariff on Mexico over border crisis. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Nguyen Ly, Mimi (May 30, 2019). Trump to Impose 5 Percent Tariff on Mexican Imports Over Illegal Immigration. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Bernal, Rafael; Fabian, Jordan (May 30, 2019). Trump announces tariffs on Mexico over immigration. The Hill. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Colvin, Jill; Long, Colleen (May 31, 2019). Trump announces new Mexican tariffs in response to migrants. Associated Press. May 31, 2019.
- Holland, Steve; Daniel, Frank Jack (May 30, 2019). Trump vows rapid, high tariffs on Mexico unless illegal immigration ends. Reuters. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Tan, Joanna (May 30, 2019). Trump says US will impose 5% tariff on all Mexican imports from June 10. CNBC. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Kirkwood, R. Cort (May 31, 2019). Trump Tariffs on Mexico Could Hit 25 Percent, Asylum Rules to Change. The New American. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
Statements by President Trump and the White House on this matter:
- Frazin, Rachel (May 31, 2019). Trump defends tariffs: 'Mexico has taken advantage of the United States for decades'. The Hill. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Trump urges Mexico to 'finally do what must be done' on immigration. Reuters. May 31, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Boyer, Dave (May 31, 2019). White House: Mexico 'exporting' illegal immigrants to U.S. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Samuels, Brett (May 31, 2019). Trump trade adviser says Mexico exports 'illegal aliens'. The Hill. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Xiao, Bowen (May 31, 2019). White House Trade Adviser Defends Trump’s Tariffs, Says Mexico Is Exporting Illegal Aliens. The Epoch Times. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Colvin, Jill; Long, Colleen (June 1, 2019). Trump digs in on Mexican import tariffs despite uproar. Associated Press. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Bowden, John (June 1, 2019). Trump defends tariffs on China, Mexico. The Hill. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
- Singman, Brooke (June 2, 2019). Trump says Mexico is an 'abuser' of the US, amid tariff negotiations. Fox News. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (June 2, 2019). Trump defends tariffs against 'abuser' Mexico: 'America has had enough!' The Washington Times. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
- Balluck, Kyle (June 2, 2019). Trump calls Mexico an 'abuser' of US: 'America has had enough!' The Hill. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
- Xiao, Bowen (June 2, 2019). Trump: Mexico Is an ‘Abuser’ of the US, ‘America Has Had Enough!’ The Epoch Times. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
- Gage, John (June 2, 2019). Trump dismisses attempt by ‘abuser’ Mexico to negotiate tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
- Munro, Neil (June 2, 2019). Donald Trump to Mexico: ‘We Want Action, Not Talk’. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
- Fabian, Jordan (June 3, 2019). Trump: Mexico 'should immediately stop' people, drugs from crossing border. The Hill. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
- Holland, Steve; Graham, Dave (June 4, 2019). Trump likely to slap tariffs on Mexico, decries migrant 'onslaught'. Reuters. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- Hopkins, Anna (May 31, 2019). Sarah Sanders: Mexico needs to 'step up and do more' to assist in the border crisis. Fox News. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
See also:
- Moons, Michelle (May 30, 2019). Mike Pence Affirms Trump ‘Absolutely Determined’ to Press Mexico on Border Crisis. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Pollak, Joel B. (May 31, 2019). Pollak: Trump Just Found a Way to Make Mexico ‘Pay for the Wall’. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
- Radnofsky, Louise; Montes, Juan (May 31, 2019). Trump Ties Mexico Tariff Threats to Hefty Immigration Demands. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Munro, Neil (May 30, 2019). Shocked Mexico Sends Foreign Minister to D.C. for Friday Tariff Meetings. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Singman, Brooke (May 31, 2019). Mexico dispatches team to DC negotiate tariff solution, as Trump demands illegal immigration remedy. Fox News. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Zumbrun, Josh; DeBarros, Anthony (May 31, 2019). Tariffs Against Mexico Would Hit Many Goods That Previously Avoided Penalties. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Villarreal, Andrés; Sherman, Christopher; Orsi, Peter (May 31, 2019). Trump tariff threats alarm Mexico growers, economists. Associated Press. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- Brewer, Jan (June 4, 2019). Tariffs on Mexico are win as Trump goes it alone to solve border crisis. The Hill. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- Madden, Nate (June 4, 2019). 7 border crisis problems demonstrably worse than more expensive burritos. Conservative Review. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
- Cadman, Dan (June 4, 2019). Are Mexican Trade and Immigration Really Unconnected? Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
- Judd, Brandon (June 5, 2019). Brandon Judd: Here’s why Trump’s tariffs on Mexico deserve our support (hint: pressure works). Fox News. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
- Thaler, John (June 7, 2019). Trump’s Pragmatic Tariff Plan is Already Moving Mexico. Human Events. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Byas, Steve (June 8, 2019). Mexico’s Agreement to Curb Immigration to Avert Tariffs Is A Win for Trump — and America. The New American. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
- Munro, Neil (June 7, 2019). Donald Trump Announces Migration Deal with Mexico. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- Ballhaus, Rebecca; Zumbrun, Josh; Whelan, Robbie (June 8, 2019). U.S., Mexico Reach Deal to Avoid Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- Rambaran, Vandana (June 7, 2019). US makes deal with Mexico on tariffs, immigration, Trump announces. Fox News. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- Nguyen Ly, Mimi (June 7, 2019). Trump Announces US and Mexico Deal on Illegal Immigration, Calls Off Tariffs. The Epoch Times. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- Dinan, Stephen (June 7, 2019). Mexico promises to step up border security, Trump cancels threat of tariffs. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- Fabian, Jordan; Bernal, Rafael; Axelrod, Tal (June 7, 2019). Trump drops Mexico tariff threat after deal on migrants. The Hill. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- Yilek, Caitlin (June 7, 2019). Trump says US has reached deal with Mexico on immigration. Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- Colvin, Jill; Lee, Matthew; Lugo, Luis Alonso (June 7, 2019). Trump says US, Mexico reach agreement to prevent tariffs. Associated Press. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- Colvin, Jill; Lee, Matthew; Lugo, Luis Alonso (June 8, 2019). Trump says tariffs on Mexico suspended indefinitely. Associated Press. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- Colvin, Jill; Lee, Matthew; Lugo, Luis Alonso (June 8, 2019). Trump’s threatened tariffs on hold after deal with Mexico. Associated Press. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- Rampton, Roberta; Oré, Diego (June 7, 2019). Trump calls off tariffs after Mexico vows to tighten borders. Reuters. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- Jackson, David; Shesgreen, Deirdre (June 7, 2019). Trump: Agreement reached with Mexico over Central American migrants, tariffs 'indefinitely suspended'. USA Today. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- Henney, Megan (June 8, 2019). Trump stands down on Mexico tariffs after securing immigration deal. Fox Business. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
Left-wing denial of this accomplishment:
- Munro, Neil (June 10, 2019). Democrats Slam Donald Trump’s Mexico Deal for Failing and Succeeding. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- Munro, Neil (June 8, 2019). Donald Trump’s Mexico Deal: Democrats Sad, Media Mope. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- Dinan, Stephen (June 8, 2019). Democrats blast Trump for forcing Mexico deal to cut illegal immigration. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- Munro, Neil (June 8, 2019). Nancy Pelosi Opposes Mexico’s Promise to Keep Migrants. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
- Shaw, Adam (June 8, 2019). Pelosi hits Trump’s deal with Mexico, accuses him of ‘threats and temper tantrums’. Fox News. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
See also:
- Munro, Neil (June 7, 2019). Trump Deal with Mexico Likely Ends Catch-and-Release, Defunds Cartels. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- U.S. says to expand program sending asylum seekers to Mexico. Reuters. June 7, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
- Colvin, Jill; Miller, Zeke; Long, Colleen (June 8, 2019). US-Mexico deal offers few new solutions, political victory. Associated Press. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
- Orsi, Peter; Sherman, Christopher (June 8, 2019). Mexico-US tariff deal: Questions, concerns for migration. Associated Press. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
- Garcia, David Alire (June 8, 2019). Mexico holds off Trump's fire, but seen vulnerable to new pressure. Reuters. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
- Dinan, Stephen; Richardson, Valerie (June 9, 2019). Mexico pressured to slow migration or face renewed tariff threat under Trump deal. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- Whelan, Robbie (June 10, 2019). U.S. Presses Mexico on Asylum Overhaul. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- Munro, Neil (June 10, 2019). AP: Donald Trump’s Deputies ‘Surprised’ by His Win on Mexico and Migration. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- Nakamura, David (June 10, 2019). 'Tariffs are the answer': Trump appears emboldened after economic brinkmanship with Mexico. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- Graham, David (June 11, 2019). Mexico reveals border infrastructure plan; Trump vows migration deal details. Reuters. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
- Binder, John (June 11, 2019). U.S.-Mexico Deal Will Not Impact Amnesty Pipeline for MS-13 Gang. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
- Scarry, Eddie (June 11, 2019). Trump's Mexico 'deal' isn't an immigration fix, it's a temporary Band-Aid. Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
- Spagat, Elliot; Attanasio, Cedar (June 11, 2019). Tariff deal gives momentum to ‘Remain-in-Mexico’ policy. Associated Press. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
- Bensman, Todd (June 10, 2019). Notes on The Mexican Military's Mission to the Guatemala-Mexico Border. Center for Immigration Studies. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
- Miroff, Nick; Sieff, Kevin; Wagner, John (June 10, 2019). How Mexico talked Trump out of tariff threat with immigration crackdown pact. The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
- Homan, Thomas (June 8, 2019). Tom Homan: Trump deserves our thanks for migrant agreement with Mexico. Fox News. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- Thiessen, Marc (June 14, 2019). Marc Thiessen: Trump's tariff threat responsible for US-Mexico immigration deal, proving his critics wrong. Fox News. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
- Boneta, Martha; Grubbs, K. E. (June 13, 2019). BONETA & GRUBBS: Thanks To Trump’s Tariffs, America Has An Immigration Win. The Daily Caller. Retrieved June 22, 2019.
- Rappaport, Nolan (June 23, 2019). Why Trump's deal with Mexico is doomed: Jungles, judges and Democrats. The Hill. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
- Starr, Penny (July 12, 2019). Feds Commit $500 Million for Jobs, Development in Southern Mexico. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
Statements by President Trump and other officials:
- Moons, Michelle (June 8, 2019). Donald Trump Says Mexico Is Buying U.S. Farm Products. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- Shaw, Adam (June 8, 2019). Trump defends deal with Mexico to stem migrant flows, prevent tariffs. Fox News. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- Landay, Jonathan (June 8, 2019). Trump says he is confident Mexico will enforce new immigration deal. Reuters. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- Byrnes, Jesse (June 8, 2019). Trump touts Mexico deal on migrants: Will be 'very successful'. The Hill. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
- Kan, Janita (June 8, 2019). President Trump Is Confident Mexico Will ‘Try Very Hard’ to Enforce New Immigration Deal. The Epoch Times. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
- Wroughton, Lesley; Chiacu, Doina (June 9, 2019). Trump defends Mexico migration deal and pledges more detail. Reuters. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
- Vogt, Bailey (June 10, 2019). Trump defends Mexico tariff threats: 'We got everything we wanted'. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- Munro, Neil (June 10, 2019). Mike Pompeo: U.S. Will Send Migrants Back to Mexico ‘Full Throttle’. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- O'Reilly, Andrew (June 10, 2019). Pompeo defends deal with Mexico amid criticism, calls it 'diplomacy at its finest'. Fox News. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- Gehrke, Joel (June 10, 2019). Pompeo calls Mexico deal 'diplomacy at its finest,' warns tariffs could return. Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- Wong, Kristina (June 10, 2019). Pompeo: Trump’s Threat of Tariffs Prompted Deal with Mexico on Migrants. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
- O'Reilly, Andrew (June 10, 2019). Acting DHS secretary praises White House deal with Mexico on immigration, defends Trump's tariff threat. Fox News. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
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Multiple references:
- U.S. slaps duties on steel from Vietnam originally produced in South Korea, Taiwan. Reuters. July 2, 2019.
- Boudreau, John; Heijmans, Philip (July 2, 2019). U.S. Slaps Import Duties of More Than 400% on Vietnam Steel. Bloomberg. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
- US imposes duties on steel from Vietnam originally produced in South Korea, Taiwan. CNBC. July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
- US announces tariffs up to 456% on Taiwanese and South Korean steel products. Taiwan News. July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
See also:
- Jones, Marc (July 4, 2019). Vietnam determined to tackle U.S. concerns about steel exports: finance minister. Reuters. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- U.S. issues final order on duties on certain steel products from Vietnam. Reuters. December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- U.S. Issues Final Order on Duties on Certain Steel Products From Vietnam. U.S. News & World Report (from Reuters). December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- Le, Hung (December 17, 2019). US slaps duties of 456 pct on Vietnamese steel products. VNExpress. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- U.S. Department of Commerce announces five affirmative final circumvention determinations on steel products from Vietnam. AJOT. December 17, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- Chin-ye, Chiang; Kao, Evelyn (December 17, 2019). U.S. finalizes duties on steel originating in Taiwan, South Korea. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- U.S. says its producers harmed by some structural steel imports. Reuters. July 8, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- U.S. slaps new duties on steel from Mexico and China, alleging unfair subsidies. The Japan Times (from AFP-JIJI). July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- US slaps new duties on steel from Mexico and China. TRT World (from AFP). July 8, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- US slaps new duties on steel from Mexico and China. CNA (from AFP). June 9, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- He, Laura (July 9, 2019). US imposes duties on some steel products from China and Mexico. CNN. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- Webber, Jude (July 9, 2019). US announces anti-subsidy duties on steel from Mexico and China. Financial Times. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
↑ U.S. imposes duties on structural steel from China, Mexico. Reuters. September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Mauldin, William (July 10, 2019). U.S. Launches Probe of French Digital Tax. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
- Re, Gregg (July 10, 2019). Trump administration launches probe into French tech tax, prompting fears of new trade war. Fox News. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (July 10, 2019). US warns French digital services tax targets American companies, raising tariffs threat. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (July 10, 2019). Trump trade representative to investigate French tech tax. Associated Press. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
- Shepardson, David (July 10, 2019). U.S. to probe French plan to tax tech companies. Reuters. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
- Samuels, Brett (July 10, 2019). Trump administration launches investigation into French plan for tax on tech giants. The Hill. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
- Titcomb, James (July 10, 2019). US could impose tariffs on French imports in retaliation against ‘tech tax’. The Telegraph. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
- US to probe proposed French tech tax, concerned it ‘unfairly targets American companies’. CNBC (from Reuters). July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
- Whalen, Jeanne; Romm, Tony (July 10, 2019). U.S. launches probe of French plans to tax tech giants, a potential step to retaliation and a new transatlantic trade rift. The Washington Post. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
- Lorenzo, Aaron (July 11, 2019). Trump administration launches unfair trade practices probe of French tech tax. Politico. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
- Quinn, Melissa (July 13, 2019). New tariffs threatened over tax on big tech. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
Statements by President Trump:
- Salama, Vivian; Zumbrun, Josh (July 26, 2019). Trump Says U.S. to Take Action Against France for Tax on American Tech Companies. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Samuels, Brett (July 26, 2019). Trump vows 'substantial reciprocal action' against France over tax targeting tech giants. The Hill. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Shepardson, David; White, Sarah (July 26, 2019). Trump says U.S. could tax French wine in retaliation for digital tax. Reuters. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Dorman, Sam (July 26, 2019). Trump vows retaliatory tariff on France, slams 'foolish' tax on American tech giants. Fox News. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Fordham, Evie (July 26, 2019). Trump Threatens Retaliation Over France’s Digital Tax. The Daily Caller. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Pramuk, Jacob (July 26, 2019). Trump says he ‘might’ put tariffs on French wine in response to digital tax. CNBC. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Jackson, David (July 26, 2019). Donald Trump's latest tariff threat? French wine. USA Today. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Freking, Kevin (July 26, 2019). Trump vows to retaliate against French digital tax. Associated Press. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Carney, John (July 26, 2019). Trump Says U.S. Will Tax French Wine in Retaliation for Taxes on U.S. Tech Companies. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Spiering, Charlie (July 26, 2019). Trump Threatens Tariff on French Wines After France Passes Digital Tax on Tech Companies. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Quinn, Melissa (July 26, 2019). Trump hints at retaliatory action targeting French wine over new tax on tech. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (July 26, 2019). Trump fumes over France's tech tax, threatens retaliation. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
- Calicchio, Dom (August 18, 2019). Trump says French wine may face ‘100 percent tariff’ in response to tax on US tech firms: report. Fox News. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
See also:
- Rogan, Tom (July 11, 2019). The US is right to threaten tariffs over France's tech tax. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
- Hannon, Paul; Rubin, Richard (July 16, 2019). For U.S. and France, a Tax Fight Over Tech Giants Remains a Sore Point. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
- Rogan, Tom (July 26, 2019). Trump rightly threatens tariffs on France. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Pramuk, Jacob (July 12, 2019). How Trump could use tariffs to fight back against France’s tax on US technology giants. CNBC. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Charlton, Angela (July 27, 2019). French wine vs US tech prowess: new Trump-Macron standoff. Associated Press. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
- Kennedy, Joe (August 16, 2019). Don't let other countries unfairly tax America's most innovative companies. The Hill. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
- Birnbaum, Emily (August 19, 2019). Tech giants rip new French digital taxes. The Hill. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
- Wolfgang, Ben (August 19, 2019). Unlikely allies: Trump, tech giants team up, fight French tax. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (August 22, 2019). Trump to confront Macron at G-7 over French tax on tech companies. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Tesler, Rachel (August 26, 2019). France, US reach digital tax compromise. Fox Business. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- Schulze, Elizabeth (August 26, 2019). US and France have reached a deal on digital tax, Macron says. CNBC. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- Gold, Hadas (August 26, 2019). US and France reach compromise on digital tax. CNN. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- Quinn, Melissa (August 26, 2019). US and France reach deal over French tax on big tech companies: Macron. Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- Dillet, Romain (August 26, 2019). US and France reach a compromise on France’s tax on tech giants. Tech Crunch. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- Jagoda, Naomi (August 26, 2019). Macron: US, France reached 'very good agreement' on digital tax. The Hill. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- Rodrigo, Chris Mills (August 26, 2019). US, French officials reach deal on digital tax: report. The Hill. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- Ciandella, Mike (August 26, 2019). US and France are reportedly close to striking a deal over France’s digital tax. Conservative Review. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- Rose, Michel (August 26, 2019). Macron defuses French digital tax row, Trump coy on wine threat. Reuters. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Miles, Frank (July 15, 2019). Trump signs order to make American-made goods more American. Fox News. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (July 15, 2019). Trump to Boost Domestic Content for Made in America. The Epoch Times. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Sakelaris, Nicholas; Haynes, Danielle (July 15, 2019). Trump signs order strengthening Buy American Act. UPI. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Freking, Kevin (July 15, 2019). Trump signs order to make American-made goods more American. Associated Press. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Trump makes Buy America rules more restrictive, demanding 75% U.S. components. CBC. July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Trump Keeps Up 'Buy American' Efforts With New Rules. Law360. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
See also:
- Navarro, Peter (July 15, 2019). Peter Navarro: President Trump continues to deliver on his promise to 'Buy American, Hire American'. Fox News. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
- Telford, Taylor (July 15, 2019). Trump order for federal purchases of iron and steel may come too late to lift U.S. metals producers. The Washington Post. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Leary, Alex (July 26, 2019). Trump Denounces Both China and WTO. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (July 26, 2019). US presses WTO to stop lenient trade treatment of China. Associated Press. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (July 26, 2019). US presses WTO to stop lenient trade treatment of China. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Samuels, Brett (July 26, 2019). Trump wants WTO to crack down on China labeling itself 'developing' country. The Hill. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Wayne, Alex; Leonard, Jenny; Donnan, Shawn (July 26, 2019). Trump Targets China Over WTO ‘Developing Nation’ Crackdown. Bloomberg. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Mason, Jeff; Lawder, David (July 26, 2019). Trump targets China in call for WTO to reform 'developing' country status. Reuters. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana (July 26, 2019). Trump Presses World Trade Organization on China. The New York Times. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Fordham, Evie (July 26, 2019). Trump Pressures World Trade Organization To Stop ‘Cheating’ By China And Other Countries. The Daily Caller. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Politi, James (July 26, 2019). Donald Trump hits out at WTO developing economy designations. Financial Times. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Trump Calls on WTO to Drop 'Developing' Nation Status for China. Voice of America. July 26, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
- Behsudi, Adam (July 26, 2019). Trump ramps up attack against WTO. Politico. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Samuels, Brett (August 2, 2019). Trump gets deal with European Union to expand US beef exports. The Hill. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Restuccia, Andrew (August 2, 2019). U.S. Signs Agreement Allowing More Beef Into EU. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (August 2, 2019). Europe Agrees to Buy More US Beef as Part of EU Trade Talks. The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Superville, Darlene; Freking, Kevin (August 2, 2019). Trump says new agreement with EU will boost beef exports. Associated Press. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Alper, Alexandra; Holland, Steve (August 2, 2019). Trump, EU officials announce deal to sell more American beef to Europe. Reuters. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Pramuk, Jacob (August 2, 2019). Trump announces deal to expand US beef exports in the EU — and jokes about Mercedes, BMW tariffs. CNBC. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Henney, Megan (August 2, 2019). Trump announces deal to expand US beef exports to Europe. Fox Business. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- Leonard, Jenny; Dlouhy, Jennifer (August 2, 2019). Trump Praises Deal to Increase U.S. Beef Exports to Europe. Bloomberg. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
See also:
- Blenkinsop, Philip (November 28, 2019). EU lawmakers clear U.S. beef imports but fault U.S. tariffs. Reuters. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- U.S. Labels China a Currency Manipulator After Beijing Pushes Down Yuan. Breitbart News (from the Associated Press). August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- Mauldin, William; Timiraos, Nick; Kiernan, Paul (August 5, 2019). U.S. Designates China as Currency Manipulator. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- Dinan, Stephen (August 5, 2019). U.S. declares China a 'currency manipulator' as trade war escalates. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (August 5, 2019). Treasury Department designates China as a currency manipulator. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan (August 5, 2019). Treasury Department labels China a currency manipulator. The Hill. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- Lawder, David; Shalal, Andrea; Galbraith, Andrew (August 4, 2019). U.S. designates China a currency manipulator, escalating trade war. Reuters. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul; Crutsinger, Martin (August 5, 2019). US Treasury Department labels China a currency manipulator. Associated Press. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- De Lea, Brittany (August 5, 2019). Trump administration designates China a currency manipulator. Fox Business. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana; Stevenson, Alexandra; Smialek, Jeanna (August 5, 2019). China’s Currency Moves Escalate Trade War, Rattling Markets. The New York Times. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- US Designates China as Currency Manipulator for First Time in Decades. The Epoch Times (from Reuters). August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
- Franck, Thomas (August 5, 2019). US declares China a currency manipulator, says it’s using yuan to gain ‘unfair advantage’ in trade. CNBC. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- Lynch, David J.; Shih, Gary; Stein, Jeff; Paletta, Damian (August 5, 2019). Treasury Dept. designates China a ‘currency manipulator,’ a major escalation of the trade war. The Washington Post. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
See also:
- Zumbrun, Josh (August 6, 2019). Why the U.S. Labeled China a Currency Manipulator and What It Means. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- Lawder, David (August 6, 2019). Explainer: U.S. branding of China as currency manipulator offers few new remedies. Reuters. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (August 6, 2019). China Opens New Front in Trade War, Manipulating Its Currency. The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- Shiff, Blair (August 7, 2019). Trump on China: Somebody had to take a stand. Fox Business. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
- Bose, Nandita; Shalal, Andrea (August 7, 2019). Trump says China is 'killing us with unfair trade deals'. Reuters. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (August 8, 2019). Trump China currency manipulator designation met with congressional silence, including from Democrats who'd long sought it. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
- Langford, James (August 8, 2019). Trump's latest broadside in Chinese trade war is mostly symbolic. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 9, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (January 13, 2020). U.S. Removes China’s Currency Manipulator Label As Phase One Trade Deal Looms. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Boyer, Dave (January 13, 2020). Trump removes currency-manipulator tag on China ahead of trade deal. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Zumbrun, Joshua; Davidson, Kate (January 13, 2020). U.S. Drops China’s Currency Manipulator Label Ahead of Trade Deal. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Higgins, Sean (January 13 2020). Trump to remove China from currency manipulator list as trade deal finalized. Washington Examiner. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Garber, Jonathan; Lawrence, Edward (January 13, 2020). US removes China as currency manipulator. Fox Business. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Franck, Thomas (January 13, 2020). US removes China from currency manipulator list ahead of trade deal signing. CNBC. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Jagoda, Naomi; Lane, Sylvan (January 13, 2020). Trump administration removes designation of China as currency manipulator. The Hill. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Shalal, Andrea; Alper, Alexandra (January 13, 2020). U.S. Treasury drops China currency manipulator label ahead of trade deal signing. Reuters. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- US Removes Designation of China as Currency Manipulator. The Epoch Times (from Reuters). January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Crutsinger, Martin (January 13, 2020). US drops designation of China as currency manipulator. Associated Press. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Rappeport, Alan (January 13, 2020). U.S. Says China Is No Longer a Currency Manipulator. The New York Times. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Adelmann, Bob (January 14, 2020). To Get Trade Deal Signed, U.S. Says China No Longer “Currency Manipulator”. The New American. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
↑
Multiple references:
- U.S. sets preliminary duties of up to 222% on Chinese ceramic tile. Reuters. September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
- UPDATE 1-U.S. sets preliminary duties of up to 222% on Chinese ceramic tile. CNBC (from Reuters). September 10, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- U.S. Commerce Dept finds Chinese exporters dumped ceramic tile. Reuters. November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
- US Commerce Dept Finds Chinese Exporters Dumped Ceramic Tile. The Epoch Times. November 8, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Salama, Vivian; Zumbrun, Josh (September 25, 2019). U.S., Japan Reach Trade Deal on Farm Goods, Digital Trade. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (September 25, 2019). U.S. and Japan ink 'first stage' of trade deal. The Washington Times. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (September 25, 2019). US, Japan Sign an Initial Trade Deal, Boosting US Farm Exports. The Epoch Times. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (September 25, 2019). US announces 'early agreement' on trade deal with Japan. Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Lane, Sylvan (September 25, 2019). Trump, Japan strike deal to slash tariffs on US farm goods, boost digital trade. The Hill. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Lawder, David; Mason, Jeff (September 25, 2019). U.S., Japan sign limited trade deal, leaving autos for future talks. Reuters. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Klug, Foster (September 25, 2019). Trump: US, Japan agree on 1st stage of new trade agreement. Associated Press. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Politi, James (September 25, 2019). US and Japan sign partial trade agreement. Financial Times. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- White, R.N. (September 25, 2019). US-Japan ink phase one of trade deal on $7 billion in US goods. Fox Business. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana (September 25, 2019). Trump Announces a Trade Pact With Japan. The New York Times. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Behsudi, Adam (September 25, 2019). U.S., Japan reach a limited deal on agriculture, digital trade. Politico. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
See also:
- Horsley, Scott (September 25, 2019). U.S. Farmers Get A Much-Needed Break Under Partial Trade Pact With Japan. NPR. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- Hughes, Clyde (September 17, 2019). U.S., Japan reach initial trade agreement, Trump says. UPI. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
- DuVall, Zippy (September 27, 2019). Japan deal a much-needed trade win. The Hill. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Elis, Niv (October 7, 2019). US, Japan sign trade deals. The Hill. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- US Signs Trade Agreement With Japan. The Epoch Times. October 7, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (October 7, 2019). Trump inks deals with Japan on farm goods, digital trade. The Washington Times. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- Uria, Daniel (October 7, 2019). Trump signs two trade agreements with Japan, seeks 'big deal' in China negotiation. UPI. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (October 7, 2019). US signs limited deal with Japan on ag, digital trade. Associated Press. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- Fredericks, Bob (October 7, 2019). Trump signs trade deal with Japan he says will help US farmers. New York Post. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- Klebnikov, Sergei (October 8, 2019). 6 Key Takeaways From The U.S.-Japan Trade Deal. Forbes. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
Japan's parliament ratified the agreement on December 4, 2019:
- Kageyama, Yuri (December 3, 2019). Trump’s US-Japan trade deal wins Japan parliament approval. Associated Press. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- Trump’s US-Japan Trade Deal Wins Japan Parliament Approval. The Epoch Times (from the Associated Press). December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
See also:
- Lawder, David (October 7, 2019). U.S.-Japan trade deal versus TPP: where it falls short, where it exceeds. Reuters. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- U.S.-Japan trade deal aims to put U.S. farmers on par with Trans-Pacific trade pact competitors. Reuters. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
- Gover, Ted (October 6, 2019). Could the U.S.-Japan Trade Deal Help Trump's 2020 Election Chances? The National Interest. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- China is dumping wooden cabinet imports in U.S.: Commerce Department. Reuters. October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- Lawrence, Edward; Garber, Jonathan (October 3, 2019). US to slam huge tariffs on Chinese cabinets. Fox Business. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
- Deaux, Joe (October 3, 2019). U.S. Slaps More Duties on Chinese Wooden Cabinets and Vanities. Bloomberg. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
See also:
- Palmer, Doug (August 6, 2019). Commerce sets steep preliminary duties on Chinese-made cabinets. Politico. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Zumbrun, Josh (October 25, 2019). U.S. Restores Trade Benefit to Ukraine. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
- Axelrod, Tal (October 26, 2019). US restores trade benefit to Ukraine after delay. The Hill. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
- Trump reinstates duty-free trade for some Ukrainian goods, suspends it for some Thai goods. Reuters. October 25, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
- Trump Reinstates Duty-Free Trade With Ukraine On Some Items. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. October 26, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
- Politi, James; Reed, John (October 26, 2019). US to halt preferential treatment for $1.3bn of Thai goods. Financial Times. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
- Thebault, Reis; Lynch, David J.; Dawsey, Josh (October 25, 2019). White House restores trade benefits for Ukraine after more than two months of delay. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Frazin, Rachel (October 31, 2019). Trump moves to cut trade benefits to Cameroon, citing human rights violations. The Hill. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- Trump scraps trade benefits for Cameroon over rights abuses. Reuters. October 31, 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Trade commission finds Chinese mattress imports hurt U.S. industry. Reuters. November 19, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
- Perry, David (November 19, 2019). ITC finds U.S. mattress industry injured by Chinese imports. Furniture Today. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
See also:
- US Wallops Chinese Mattresses With Record 1,700% Duty. Law360. October 18, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
- US opens anti-dumping probe on Chinese mattresses after complaints. CNBC (from Reuters). October 12, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
- Heffner, Douglas J.; Ferrin, Richard P. (September 18, 2019). New Antidumping Petition on Mattresses from China. The National Law Review. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Trade commission finds Chinese aluminum wire, cable export harms U.S. industry. Reuters. November 20, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- Trade Commission Finds Chinese Aluminum Wire, Cable Export Harms U.S. Industry. The New York Times (from Reuters). November 20, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
See also:
- Commerce Readies Duties On Chinese Wire, Cable. Law360. October 23, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (December 2, 2019). Trump Restores Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on Brazil and Argentina. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Zumbrun, Josh; Trevisani, Paulo; Ramkumar, Amrith (December 2, 2019). Trump to Levy Tariffs on Brazil, Argentina. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Kazin, Matthew; Conner, Paul (December 2, 2019). Trump to restore tariffs on steel, aluminum from Brazil, Argentina. Fox Business. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Boyer, Dave (December 2, 2019). Trump to 'restore' tariffs on steel and aluminum from Argentina and Brazil. The Washington Times. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Stieber, Zachary (December 2, 2019). Trump Announces Tariffs on Steel and Aluminum From Brazil and Argentina. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Akan, Emel (December 2, 2019). Trump Announces Tariffs on Steel and Aluminum From Brazil, Argentina. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Jacobson, Don (December 2, 2019). Trump 'restores' tariffs for steel and aluminum from Brazil, Argentina. UPI. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Bowden, John (December 2, 2019). Trump announces resumption of tariffs on steel and aluminum from Brazil and Argentina. The Hill. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Shalal, Andrea; Stargardter, Gabriel (December 2, 2019). Trump, citing U.S. farmers, slaps metal tariffs on Brazil, Argentina. Reuters. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Forgey, Quint (December 2, 2019). Trump announces restored tariffs on Argentina, Brazil. Politico. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Trump says he will restore tariffs on Brazil, Argentina metal imports. CNBC (from Reuters). December 2, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Murray, Brendan; Deaux, Joe (December 2, 2019). Trump Ties Brazil, Argentina Steel Tariffs to U.S. Farm Woes. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana (December 2, 2019). Trump Says U.S. Will Impose Metal Tariffs on Brazil and Argentina. The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
See also:
- Higgins, Sean (December 2, 2019). Confusion over Trump rationale to impose steel tariffs on Brazil and Argentina. Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Savarese, Mauricio; Superville, Darlene (December 2, 2019). Brazil’s Bolsonaro under fire after Trump slaps tariffs. Associated Press. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Davidson, Kate; Zumbrun, Josh (December 10, 2019). U.S. Steel Tariffs on Argentina, Brazil Aren’t Settled, Says Trump Adviser . The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
↑ ^178.0 ^178.1
Multiple references:
- Lane, Sylvan (December 2, 2019). Trump opens new front in trade war in surprise move. The Hill. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Trump hits U.S. allies with new trade pain in one-day whirlwind. Reuters. December 2, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Lynch, David J.; Siegel, Rachel; McCoy, Terrence (December 3, 2019). White House opens new fronts in trade war, targeting Brazil, Argentina and France. The Washington Post. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Rabouin, Dion (December 3, 2019). Trump brings the trade war back to life. Axios. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
See also:
- Donnan, Shawn (December 3, 2019). Trump Wields Tariffs Again in a Reminder How Much He Likes Them. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Everett, Burgess; Levine, Marianne (December 2, 2019). Trump conquers Republicans on trade. Politico. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Bender, Michael C. (December 20, 2019). Trump Drops Threat to Levy Tariffs on Brazilian Steel and Aluminum. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- U.S. won't levy threatened tariffs on Brazil steel, Trump told Bolsonaro. Reuters. December 20, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana; Casado, Letícia (December 21, 2019). Trump Backs Down From Threat to Place Tariffs on Brazilian Steel. The New York Times. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- Horsley, Scott (December 20, 2019). Trump Backtracks On Brazil Steel Tariffs. NPR. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- Frazin, Rachel (December 21, 2019). Brazil's Bolsonaro says Trump won't pursue steel, aluminum tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
- Trump’s Threat Of Tariffs On Brazilian Aluminium And Steel Averted After Phone Call From Bolsonaro. Aluminium Insider. December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
See also:
- Samuels, Brett (December 20, 2019). Trump talks trade with Brazil's Bolsonaro after threat of tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- U.S. Considers Tariffs on $2.4 Billion in French Products over Digital Tax. Breitbart News (from the Associated Press). December 2, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Zumbrun, Josh; Bisserbe, Noemie (December 2, 2019). Trump Administration Proposes Tariffs Against $2.4 Billion of French Goods. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (December 2, 2019). Butter, blue cheese, and sparkling wine: Trump administration proposes retaliatory tariffs on $2.4B of French imports. Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Jagoda, Naomi (December 2, 2019). Trump administration proposes tariffs on $2.4B in French goods. The Hill. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Lawder, David; Shalal, Andrea (December 2, 2019). U.S. vows 100% tariffs on French Champagne, cheese, handbags over digital tax. Reuters. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Wiseman, Paul (December 3, 2019). Now Roquefort: US eyes tariffs on $2.4B in French imports. Associated Press. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Tankersley, Jim; Swanson, Ana (December 2, 2019). French Wine Could Face 100% Tariffs as Trump Confronts France Over Tech Taxes. The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Saavedra, Ryan (December 2, 2019). Trump Admin Threatens France With Massive Tariffs Over Digital Tax. The Daily Wire. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Politi, James (December 2, 2019). US proposes 100% tariffs on French goods over digital tax. Financial Times. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- U.S. warns of tariffs of up to 100% on $2.4 billion in French imports. CBS News. December 2, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Palmer, Doug (December 2, 2019). U.S. threatens tariffs on $2.4B French cheeses, other goods in tax dispute. Politico. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Basu, Zachary (December 2, 2019). White House considering tariffs of up to 100% on $2.4B of French goods. Axios. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
See also:
- Amaro, Silvia (December 3, 2019). Read the full list of proposed US tariffs on French goods. CNBC. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Bursztynsky, Jessica (December 3, 2019). Wilbur Ross: France digital tax rooted in ‘tremendous’ jealousy over US tech dominance. CNBC. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Mack, Eric (December 2, 2019). Trump Wants Huge Tariffs On France And His Haters Should Support The Idea. Forbes. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Fordham, Evie (December 2, 2019). US trade officials to make big announcement on France's digital tax. Fox Business. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Bershidsky, Leonid (December 3, 2019). There’s No First-Mover Advantage to Irritating Trump. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Coote, Darryl; Jacobson, Don (December 3, 2019). French finance chief: EU would 'hit back' against U.S. tariffs. UPI. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Toplensky, Rochelle; Ryan, Carol (December 3, 2019). Trump’s Tariff Threats Move From Trade to Tax. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Higgins, Sean (December 3, 2019). After threatening tariffs on wine and cheese, Trump downplays France trade rift as 'minor dispute'. Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Bisserbe, Noemie; Dalton, Matthew (December 3, 2019). France Vows Retaliation as Luxury Industry Braces for U.S. Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Jagoda, Naomi; Birnbaum, Emily (December 4, 2019). Trump escalates fight over tax on tech giants. The Hill. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
- Gangitano, Alex (December 5, 2019). French wine, cheese targeted in latest Trump trade fight. The Hill. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
- French wine exports squeezed by U.S. tariffs: minister. Reuters. January 7, 2020. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
- Carney, John (January 9, 2020). Carney: New York Times Claims Tariffs Will Double Wine Prices. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
↑
Multiple references:
- Street, Chriss (December 13, 2019). President Trump Ends WTO Dispute Resolution Court, Opens New Era of Fair Trade. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Xiao, Bowen (December 9, 2019). Fate of WTO’s Top Court Effectively Sealed by US Blocking Strategy. The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Keaten, Jamey; Wiseman, Paul (December 10, 2019). World trade without rules? US shuts down WTO appeals court. Associated Press. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Keaten, Jamey; Wiseman, Paul (December 9, 2019). World trade without rules? US shuts down WTO appeals court. Associated Press. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Blenkinsop, Philip (December 10, 2019). U.S. trade offensive takes out WTO as global arbiter. Reuters. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Salmon, Felix (December 10, 2019). Trump vs. the WTO. Axios. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Nebehay, Stephanie (December 9, 2019). U.S. seals demise of WTO appeals bench: trade officials. Reuters. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Peker, Emre (December 9, 2019). ‘The WTO Is in Crisis’: Dispute Puts Global Trade Regulator at Risk. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (December 9, 2019). World Trade Organization Becomes Irrelevant on Wednesday, Thanks to Trump. The New American. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Jan, Farah N.; Phansalkar, Megan (December 12, 2019). Trump’s War on the World Trade Organization. The Diplomat. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Swanson, Ana (December 8, 2019). Trump Cripples W.T.O. as Trade War Rages. The New York Times. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Johnson, Keith (December 9, 2019). How Trump May Finally Kill the WTO. Foreign Policy. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Jones, Callum (December 11, 2019). World Trade Organisation’s court is crippled by Trump’s refusal to approve judges. The Times. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Garver, Rob (December 10, 2019). WTO Suspending its Role as Arbiter in Global Trade Conflicts. Voice of America. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
Earlier articles on the matter:
- Schlesinger, Jacob M. (November 28, 2019). Will the U.S. Bring Down the WTO? The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Baschuk, Bryce (November 25, 2019). U.S. Presses Case to Defang the Global Economy’s Trade Referee. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Behsudi, Adam; Bermingham, Finbarr (November 20, 2019). The end of world trade as we know it. Politico. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Baschuk, Bryce (September 19, 2019). The U.S. May Strike a Fatal Blow to the WTO Sooner Than Expected. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Baschuk, Bryce (July 26, 2019). What’s Next for the WTO After Sabotage by the U.S. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Byas, Steve (July 19, 2019). Trump Actions May Be Forcing EU Concessions at WTO — But Is It Enough? The New American. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
See also:
- Bolton, John (March 7, 2017). Trump, Trade and American Sovereignty. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Nebehay, Stephanie (November 22, 2019). U.S. takes aim at judges pay in new attack on WTO system. Reuters. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Hanke, Jakob (December 19, 2018). World trade returns to the law of the jungle. Politico. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- Newman, Alex (April 23, 2018). Trump Agrees to China Talks Despite Rejecting WTO Authority. The New American. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- WTO appeals judges to stay on to complete several decisions: WTO official. Reuters. December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
↑ Proclamation 9908 of July 14, 2019 -- Made in America Day and Made in America Week, 2019. Federal Register. July 18, 2019. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Tita, Bob (February 7, 2019). Steelmakers Find Strength to Expand Under Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
- Stumo, Michael (February 12, 2019). The verdict is in: Trump's tariffs are working 'bigly'. The Hill. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
- Gibson, Thomas (February 14, 2019). Tariffs are fortifying the backbone of this nation: Steel. The Hill. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- Binder, John (October 10, 2019). Mainstream Economists Recognize U.S. Jobs Boom from Lasting China Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Ferry, Jeff (January 5, 2020). The Trump tariffs keep working, to the consternation of many economists. The Hill. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
See also:
- Samuels, Brett (January 28, 2019). Trump: Tariffs have 'saved' steel industry. The Hill. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
- Williams, Joe (January 29, 2019). Steelmakers hit record profits under Trump tariffs, other industries suffer. Fox Business. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Gstalter, Morgan (May 14, 2019). Trump credits tariffs for rebuilding US steel industry. The Hill. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
- Binder, John (June 13, 2019). Restoration Hardware Plans to Move Manufacturing Back to U.S. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
- He, Cathy (June 22, 2019). Over 600 US Companies Support Trump’s Tariffs on China: Letter. The Epoch Times. Retrieved June 22, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Binder, John (January 24, 2019). Ohio Steel Mill, Idled from Free Trade, to Reopen Thanks to Trump’s Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
- Xiao, Bowen (January 25, 2019). Republic Steel to Reopen Production at Ohio Mill. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
- Perkins, Olivera (January 23, 2019). Republic Steel plans to reopen Lorain mill. Cleveland.com. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
- Payerchin, Richard (January 22, 2019). Republic Steel's Lorain mill anticipates production this year. The Morning Journal. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Binder, John (January 25, 2019). German Company Plans American Manufacturing Expansion to Avoid Chinese Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
- Trentmann, Nick (January 18, 2019). German Forklift Maker Kion Plans U.S. Expansion to Avoid China Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
- Svab, Petr (January 25, 2019). German Forklift Maker Mulls US Expansion as Trump Tariffs Hit Its China Production, Report Says. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Binder, John (January 31, 2019). Top U.S. Steelmaker Building Steel Mill in Midwest Thanks to Trump’s Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Gurdus, Elizabeth (January 29, 2019). Tariffs enabled top US steelmaker Nucor to build new billion-dollar plant, says CEO. CNBC. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Pete, Joseph S. (January 11, 2019). Nucor looks to build new steel plate mill in Midwest. The Times of Northwest Indiana. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Pentchoukov, Ivan (January 7, 2019). Nucor to Build New Steel Mill in US, Adding 400 Jobs. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Downey, John (January 7, 2019). Nucor plans $1.35B steel plant in the Midwest. Charlotte Business Journal. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- Nucor to build $1.35B steel plant in Midwest. Fox Business. January 7, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
See also:
- Vats, Rachit (January 29, 2019). Nucor profit jumps on higher steel tariff, strong demand. Reuters. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (February 11, 2019). U.S. Steel Firing Up Furnace in Alabama, Thanks to Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
- Tita, Bob (February 11, 2019). U.S. Steel to Expand Under Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
- Reeves, Jay (February 11, 2019). US Steel cites Trump in resuming construction project. Associated Press. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
- Isidore, Chris (February 12, 2019). Tariffs prompt US Steel to restart work on Alabama mill. CNN. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Tita, Bob (April 14, 2019). Rusal to Back New U.S. Aluminum Mill, the Largest in Decades. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Williams, Joe (April 14, 2019). Russia’s Rusal makes $200 million Kentucky aluminum investment. Fox Business. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Rodrigo, Chris Mills (April 15, 2019). Russian aluminum maker investing in Kentucky plant after sanctions lifted. The Hill. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Deaux, Joe (April 14, 2019). With Sanctions Lifted, Rusal to Invest in U.S. Aluminum Mill. Bloomberg. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Schreiner, Bruce (April 15, 2019). Russian company to invest in Kentucky aluminum mill. The Detroit News (from the Associated Press). Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Glowicki, Matthew; Watkins, Morgan (April 15, 2019). Braidy Industries lands Russian investor for Kentucky aluminum mill. The Courier-Journal. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Devitt, Polina (April 14, 2019). Russia's Rusal lands first U.S. investment since sanctions lifted. Reuters. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
- Hume, Neil (April 15, 2019). Russia’s Rusal plots first US investment since sanctions lifted. Financial Times. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Tita, Bob (May 2, 2019). U.S. Steel to Invest $1.2 Billion at Pennsylvania Mills. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
- Binder, John (May 2, 2019). U.S. Steel Tariffs Helping to Clean Up the Environment in Pennsylvania. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
- Xiao, Bowen (May 3, 2019). US Steel Corp to Pour $1 Billion Into Pennsylvania Operations. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
- Moore, Daniel (May 2, 2019). U.S. Steel to spend $1 billion on Mon Valley Works. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
- Pete, Joseph S. (May 3, 2019). U.S. Steel to invest $1 billion in Mon Valley Works. The Times of Northwest Indiana. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
- Jusko, Jill (May 3, 2019). US Steel Announces $1.2 Billion Investment at Mon Valley Works. IndustryWeek. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
- US Steel plows $1B into western Pennsylvania operations. Associated Press. May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
- U.S. Steel plows $1B into western Pennsylvania operations. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
See also:
- Higgins, Sean (May 2, 2019). Trump takes credit for $1 billion US Steel investment. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Carney, John (February 13, 2019). Tame Inflation Shows Tariffs Are Not Taxing American Consumers. Breitbart News. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
- Carney, John (March 5, 2019). Carney: Flawed Study Used to Claim Trade War Hurts the U.S. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
- Carney, John (March 12, 2019). One Year After Metals Tariffs: Still Not Pushing Consumer Prices Up. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
- Carney, John (March 13, 2019). Auto Prices Up Just 1 Percent From a Year Ago Despite Steel Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
- Carney, John (March 17, 2019). Carney: Durable Goods Manufacturing Job Openings Up 17% Despite Steel and Aluminum Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
- Carney, John (March 28, 2019). Carney: One Year After Steel and Aluminum Tariffs, Still No Signs Tariffs Hurt U.S. Workers. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
- Carney, John (April 10, 2019). Inflation Data Once Again Crushes Tariffmageddon Fearmongering. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
- Carney, John (May 9, 2019). The Tariff Scare Narrative Has Collapsed–Latest Price Data Show No Inflation. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
- Carney, John (May 10, 2019). Tariffs Hit Steel and Aluminum Over a Year Ago and They Haven’t Boosted Consumer Prices. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Carney, John (May 16, 2019). Weekly Jobless Claims Fell by More Than Expected As Trade War Escalated. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
- Carney, John (May 24, 2019). Carney: The Fed Blew Its Tariff Study by Assuming a Free Market in China. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
- Carney, John (May 28, 2019). Consumer Confidence Soared in May, Unshaken by Trade War Escalation. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
- Carney, John (May 31, 2019). Low Inflation Shows Tariffs Have Not Hurt U.S. Consumers. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
- Carney, John (June 11, 2019). Trump is Right: Tariffs Are Not Raising Consumer Prices. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
- Carney, John (June 11, 2019). Mick Mulvaney: Tariffs Have Not Raised Consumer Prices. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
- Carney, John (June 11, 2019). Mick Mulvaney: Tariffs Have Not Raised Consumer Prices. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
- Carney, John (June 12, 2019). The Latest Round of Tariffs Hikes Did Not Raise Consumer Prices. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
- Carney, John (June 13, 2019). Carney: How the Fed Messed Up Its Tariff Study. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
- Langford, James (July 5, 2019). Surge in manufacturing jobs eases trade-war worries. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
- Casselman, Ben (July 5, 2019). Strong Jobs Report Eases Fears of Damage From Trade War. The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
- Carney, John (July 11, 2019). No Tariff-Led Inflation in June Prices. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
- Carney, John (July 12, 2019). Prices of Goods in the U.S. Did Not Rise At All Despite China Tariff Hike. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
- Carney, John (July 17, 2019). Federal Reserve: Businesses Are Not Passing Along Costs of Tariffs or Higher Wages. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
- Carney, John (August 6, 2019). Job Openings Remained Strong Amid Trade War Escalation in June. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
- Carney, John (August 8, 2019). American Farmer Support for Trump Rises Despite China’s Tactics. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
- Carney, John (August 13, 2019). Tariffmageddon Narrative Fail: Consumers Still Not Hurt by Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- Carney, John (August 18, 2019). Most New York Manufacturers Report Slight or No Tariff Price Pressures. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
- Mutikani, Lucia (August 27, 2019). U.S. consumer confidence falls but only slightly despite trade fight. Reuters. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
- Street, Chriss (September 5, 2019). US Farm Profits Hit 5-Year High on China Trade War Payments. The Epoch Times. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
- Peek, Liz (September 6, 2019). Farmers prosper in spite of Trump's trade battle with China. The Hill. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
- Carney, John (September 11, 2019). Producer Price Index Shows Goods Prices Falling, Margins Improving, Despite Higher Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- Carney, John (September 12, 2019). August Consumer Price Data Show No Tariffs Pressure At All. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- Ramkumar, Amrith (September 15, 2019). Resilient U.S. Growth Propels Stocks as Trade Fears Ease. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- Adelmann, Bob (September 17, 2019). NPR Shops at Walmart to Learn Cost of Trump’s Tariffs, Gets Big Surprise. The New American. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
- Carney, John (October 8, 2019). Producer Prices Defy Predictions of Tariff-Led Inflation. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
- Carney, John (October 10, 2019). It Looks Like China Tariffs Raised the Price of Something. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
- Street, Chriss (November 4, 2019). China’s Trade War Retaliation Against Trump’s Rural Base Boomerangs. The Epoch Times. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
- Carney, John (November 13, 2019). China Tariffs Have Made Bicycles More Expensive But Not Much Else. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
- Carney, John (November 14, 2019). U.S. Economy Shows No Strains from China Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
- Quinn, Melissa (November 14, 2019). Trump: Walmart unaffected by tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
- Carney, John (November 15, 2019). Prices of Foreign Goods Plunge for U.S. Consumers. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
- Carney, John (November 25, 2019). Carney: Fed Economists Finally Admit Tariffs May Not Squeeze U.S. Consumers. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
- Crutsinger, Martin (November 30, 2019). US economy looking durable despite risks from trade conflict. Associated Press. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
- Bose, Nandita (November 27, 2019). Top U.S. retailers absorb tariff pressure ahead of holiday shopping season. Reuters. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
- Crutsinger, Martin (November 27, 2019). Fed survey finds US economy expanding despite trade fallout. Associated Press. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- Carney, John (December 11, 2019). Christmas Miracle: Rising Wages and Low Inflation Promise a Very Merry Holiday Season. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
- Zumbrun, Josh; DeBarros, Anthony (January 12, 2020). Trade War With China Took Toll on U.S., but Not Big One. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
- Carney, John (January 12, 2020). The Wall Street Journal Admits U.S. Economy Sailed Through Trade War with ‘Barely a Scratch’. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
↑
Lawder, David; Alper, Alexandria (March 1, 2019). U.S. says rejects WTO's 'straitjacket' of trade obligations. Reuters. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
See also:
- Higgins, Sean (April 9, 2019). US, Robert Lightizer chalk up win in challenge to World Trade Organization rulings. Washington Examiner. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
↑
Multiple references:
- Dou, Eva (April 1, 2019). China Closes Loophole in Fentanyl Rules. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
- Kew, Ben (April 1, 2019). China Heeds Trump’s Demands, Will Start Regulating Fentanyl Distribution. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
- Rodrigo, Chris Mills (April 1, 2019). China says US concerns about fentanyl controls 'resolved' after promise to Trump. The Hill. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
- Myers, Steven Lee; Goodnough, Abby (April 1, 2019). China Bans All Types of Fentanyl, Cutting Supply of Deadly Drug to U.S. and Fulfilling Pledge to Trump. The New York Times. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (April 1, 2019). China moves to crack down on all forms of fentanyl. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
- McNeil, Sam; Kinetz, Erika (April 1, 2019). China to regulate all fentanyl drugs as controlled substance. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved April 8, 2019.
- Ingber, Sasha (April 1, 2019). China To Close Loophole On Fentanyl After U.S. Calls For Opioid Action. NPR. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
- Fentanyl ban in China to expand to all drugs related to the killer synthetic opioid. CBS News. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
- Martina, Michael (March 31, 2019). U.S. welcomes China's expanded clampdown on fentanyl. Reuters. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
- Shih, Gary (April 1, 2019). China offers broad opioid curbs promised to Trump. The Washington Post. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
See also:
- Binder, John (April 8, 2019). Exclusive–Sheriff John Layton: Trump Securing China’s Ban on Fentanyl A ‘Win for America’. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
- Landay, Jonathan (May 9, 2019). Trade frictions raise questions about China's fentanyl promise. Reuters. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- US Security Experts Raise Questions About China’s Fentanyl Promise. The Epoch Times (from Reuters). May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
- Llorente, Elizabeth (May 17, 2019). Exclusive: U.S. drug czar to travel to China to press government to stop fentanyl trafficking. Fox News. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
- Street, Chriss (August 18, 2019). Fentanyl Flowing into US Overwhelmingly Sourced from China. The Epoch Times. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
- Fickling, David (August 28, 2019). Trump's Opioid Deal Has Been a Big Success. Bloomberg. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
- Limitone, Julia (September 12, 2019). China fentanyl into US isn't slowing down: Peter Navarro. Fox Business. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- Gesiotto, Madison (September 16, 2019). Trump is winning the war on dangerous drugs from China. The Hill. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (September 21, 2019). White House drug czar to press China on fentanyl during Beijing trip. The Washington Times. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
- Mordock, Jeff (September 24, 2019). Fentanyl flows from China despite Trump trade war, Xi crackdown vow. The Washington Times. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
- U.S. official believes China is 'committed' to curbing fentanyl. Reuters. September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (September 27, 2019). White House: Drug czar convinced China to crack down on fentanyl, cooperate with U.S. The Washington Times. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
- Corke, Kevin (October 1, 2019). Trump's drug czar says US urging China to crack down on fentanyl, other dangerous drugs. Fox News. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
- Holl, Daniel (October 15, 2019). Fentanyl, China, and The American Chemical War. The Epoch Times. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- China Very Publicly Sentences Fentanyl Traffickers to Prison. The Wall Street Journal. November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
- Kinetz, Erika (November 7, 2019). China sentences fentanyl traffickers after US tip about ring. Associated Press. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
- Wu, Huizhong (November 6, 2019). In joint case with U.S., China jails nine fentanyl smugglers. Reuters. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
- Budryk, Zack (November 7, 2019). China sentences 9 people for fentanyl trafficking. The Hill. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
- Boyer, Dave (November 7, 2019). White House praises China's crackdown on opioid ring. The Washington Times. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
- Madden, Nate (November 7, 2019). WH praises China for sentencing 9 members of a fentanyl trafficking ring. Conservative Review. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
- Howell, Tom (December 26, 2019). 'World's largest drug dealer': U.S. set to sanction China over fentanyl scourge. The Washington Times. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
↑ Esch, Mary (May 18, 2019). China’s ban on scrap imports a boon to US recycling plants. Associated Press. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
↑
Binder, John (April 22, 2019). Trump Appointees Defy ‘Buy American’ Order, Protect Chinese Manufacturing. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
See also:
- Karni, Annie (April 17, 2019). On ‘Made in America,’ Trump’s F.T.C. Appointees May Be Out of Step With Him. The New York Times. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
↑ Globalist Gary Cohn Falsely Claims Tariffs on China ‘Totally Hurt’ U.S.
↑
Multiple references:
- Palmer, Doug (January 6, 2020). Trump's 2020 trade vision: More disruption. Politico. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
- Trump’s Tough Stance on Unfair Trade Forces EU to Negotiating Table. Breitbart News (from AFP). January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
See also:
- Navarro, Peter (January 13, 2020). Give Trump’s Tariffs a Fair Test. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
- Higgins, Sean (January 14, 2020). Trump economic adviser says economy is proving tariff critics wrong. Washington Examiner. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
↑ Garcia, Victor (January 10, 2020). Trump: 'As much as I like Reagan, he was not good on trade'. Fox News. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
↑
Multiple references:
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Multiple references:
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Multiple references:
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Multiple references:
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Multiple references:
↑
Two references:
- Proclamation on Adjusting Imports of Steel into the United States
- Trump Announces Cut to 2020 Steel Import Quota From Brazil
↑
Multiple references:
↑
Multiple references:
↑ Crude Oil (CL:NMX)
↑
Multiple references:
↑ Congratulations! The trade deficit dream came true
↑
Two references:
- US pork exports to China skyrocketed before fears of meat shortage
- China's pork imports in April jump 170% to record high
↑
Multiple references:
↑
Two references:
- European countries concede to American demands over digital tax: Report
- European nations offer limit on digital tax after US tariff threat
↑ EU effort to tax tech giants falters under pressure from U.S.
↑
Multiple references:
↑
Multiple references:
↑
Multiple references:
↑ https://thenewamerican.com/five-reasons-to-oppose-the-now-introduced-usmca-implementation-act/

[1] Williams, Katie Bo (September 6, 2017). Trump turns trade into bargaining chip. The Hill. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
See also:
Miller, S.A. (August 31, 2017). Trump's tough trade tactics have negotiators looking at options. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 13, 2020.

[2] Miller, S.A. (August 31, 2017). Trump's tough trade tactics have negotiators looking at options. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 13, 2020.

[2] Multiple references:
Chakraborty, Barnini (January 23, 2017). Trump signs executive order withdrawing US from TPP trade deal. Fox News. Retrieved January 23, 2017.

Boyle, Matthew (January 23, 2017). President Trump Kills TPP Once and for All with Executive Order Officially Withdrawing. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 29, 2017.

Newman, Alex (January 23, 2017). In Blow to Globalism, Trump Withdraws From TPP “Trade” Regime. The New American. Retrieved June 20, 2018.

Miller, S.A. (January 23, 2017). Donald Trump keeps campaign promise to abandon Trans-Pacific Partnership. The Washington Times. Retrieved November 29, 2017.

Trump Withdraws US from 12-Nation Pacific Rim Trade Deal. Voice of America. January 24, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2017.

Trump signs order withdrawing U.S. from Trans-Pacific trade deal. Reuters. Retrieved November 29, 2017.

[4] Chakraborty, Barnini (January 23, 2017). Trump signs executive order withdrawing US from TPP trade deal. Fox News. Retrieved January 23, 2017.

[5] Boyle, Matthew (January 23, 2017). President Trump Kills TPP Once and for All with Executive Order Officially Withdrawing. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 29, 2017.

[6] Newman, Alex (January 23, 2017). In Blow to Globalism, Trump Withdraws From TPP “Trade” Regime. The New American. Retrieved June 20, 2018.

[7] Miller, S.A. (January 23, 2017). Donald Trump keeps campaign promise to abandon Trans-Pacific Partnership. The Washington Times. Retrieved November 29, 2017.

[8] Trump Withdraws US from 12-Nation Pacific Rim Trade Deal. Voice of America. January 24, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2017.

[9] Trump signs order withdrawing U.S. from Trans-Pacific trade deal. Reuters. Retrieved November 29, 2017.

[3] Multiple references:
Scarry, Eddie (March 18, 2017). Trump administration rebuffs free trade appeals at G-20 meeting. Washington Examiner. Retrieved March 18, 2017.

Koranyi, Balazs; Heller, Gernot (March 18, 2017). G20 Financial Leaders Acquiesce to U.S., Drop Free Trade Pledge. Fox Business. Retrieved March 18, 2017.

[11] Scarry, Eddie (March 18, 2017). Trump administration rebuffs free trade appeals at G-20 meeting. Washington Examiner. Retrieved March 18, 2017.

[12] Koranyi, Balazs; Heller, Gernot (March 18, 2017). G20 Financial Leaders Acquiesce to U.S., Drop Free Trade Pledge. Fox Business. Retrieved March 18, 2017.

[4] Trump signs executive orders to crack down on trade abuses, increase enforcement. Fox News. March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2017.

[5] Korte, Gregory (March 31, 2017). Trump executive orders will target trade 'cheaters'. USA Today. Retrieved March 31, 2017.

[6] Multiple references:
Miller, S.A. (April 18, 2017). Trump signs executive order for ‘buy-American, hire-American’ policy. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 18, 2017.

Spiering, Charlie (April 18, 2017). Donald Trump Celebrates ‘America First’ Executive Order in Wisconsin. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 18, 2017.

Chakraborty, Barnini (April 18, 2017). Trump signs order to clamp down on visa program, enforce 'buy American' policy. Fox News. Retrieved April 18, 2017.

Stokols, Eli; Meckler, Laura (April 18, 2017). Trump Signs Order Calling for Changes in H-1B Visa Rules. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

Holland, Steve (April 17, 2018). Trump orders review of visa program to encourage hiring Americans. Reuters. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

Ware, Doug G.; Pestano, Andrew V. (April 18, 2017). Trump signs 'Buy American, Hire American' order in drive to bring back U.S. jobs. UPI. Retrieved July 15, 2019.

Phillip, Abby (April 18, 2017). Trump signs ‘Buy American, Hire American’ executive order, promising to fight for American workers. The Washington Post. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
See also:
Kight, Stef W. (July 25, 2018). Trump’s “Hire American” order makes it harder to get H-1B visas. Axios. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

Bhattacharya, Ananya (July 25, 2018). The US is rejecting more and more Indian H-1B applicants. Quartz. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

[16] Miller, S.A. (April 18, 2017). Trump signs executive order for ‘buy-American, hire-American’ policy. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 18, 2017.

[17] Spiering, Charlie (April 18, 2017). Donald Trump Celebrates ‘America First’ Executive Order in Wisconsin. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 18, 2017.

[18] Chakraborty, Barnini (April 18, 2017). Trump signs order to clamp down on visa program, enforce 'buy American' policy. Fox News. Retrieved April 18, 2017.

[19] Stokols, Eli; Meckler, Laura (April 18, 2017). Trump Signs Order Calling for Changes in H-1B Visa Rules. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

[20] Holland, Steve (April 17, 2018). Trump orders review of visa program to encourage hiring Americans. Reuters. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

[21] Ware, Doug G.; Pestano, Andrew V. (April 18, 2017). Trump signs 'Buy American, Hire American' order in drive to bring back U.S. jobs. UPI. Retrieved July 15, 2019.

[22] Phillip, Abby (April 18, 2017). Trump signs ‘Buy American, Hire American’ executive order, promising to fight for American workers. The Washington Post. Retrieved July 15, 2019.

[23] Kight, Stef W. (July 25, 2018). Trump’s “Hire American” order makes it harder to get H-1B visas. Axios. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

[24] Bhattacharya, Ananya (July 25, 2018). The US is rejecting more and more Indian H-1B applicants. Quartz. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

[7] Alexander, Harriet (April 20, 2017). Donald Trump praises 'historic day for American steel' as he launches investigation into imports. The Telegraph. Retrieved April 20, 2017.

[8] Westwood, Sarah (April 20, 2017). Trump administration opens sweeping trade investigation. Washington Examiner. Retrieved April 21, 2017.

[9] Tobin, Michael (April 26, 2017). NAFTA: Wisconsin dairy farmers' uncertain fate escalates US-Canada trade war. Fox News. Retrieved April 27, 2017.

[10] Epstein, Jennifer; Light, Joe (April 25, 2017). Donald Trump intensifies Canadian trade dispute by placing huge import tariff on lumber. The Independent. Retrieved April 25, 2017.

[11] Skerritt, Jen (June 26, 2017). U.S. to Impose Additional Tariffs on Canadian Lumber Imports. Bloomberg. Retrieved November 3, 2017.

[12] Multiple references:
Needham, Vicki (November 2, 2017). US slaps tariffs on Canadian softwood lumber. The Hill. Retrieved November 3, 2017.

Gregg, Aaron (November 2, 2017). U.S. moves forward with Canadian lumber tariffs after settlement talks fail. The Washington Post. Retrieved November 3, 2017.

US sets final tariffs on softwood lumber from Canada. BBC News. November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.

Mauldin, William; Vieira, Paul (November 2, 2017). U.S. Sets Final Tariffs for Canadian Softwood Lumber -- Update. Fox Business. Retrieved November 3, 2017.

[31] Needham, Vicki (November 2, 2017). US slaps tariffs on Canadian softwood lumber. The Hill. Retrieved November 3, 2017.

[32] Gregg, Aaron (November 2, 2017). U.S. moves forward with Canadian lumber tariffs after settlement talks fail. The Washington Post. Retrieved November 3, 2017.

[33] US sets final tariffs on softwood lumber from Canada. BBC News. November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.

[34] Mauldin, William; Vieira, Paul (November 2, 2017). U.S. Sets Final Tariffs for Canadian Softwood Lumber -- Update. Fox Business. Retrieved November 3, 2017.

[13] Moons, Michelle (April 27, 2017). Trump Orders Investigation into National Security Threat of World Aluminum Excess. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 27, 2017.

[14] Korte, Gregory (April 29, 2017). On his 100th day in office, Trump orders review of free trade agreements. USA Today. Retrieved April 30, 2017.

[15] Greenwood, Max (April 29, 2017). Trump signs order calling for review of trade deals. The Hill. Retrieved April 30, 2017.

[16] Multiple references:
Trump administration praises deal expanding trade with China. Fox News. May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.

Moons, Michelle (May 12, 2017). Commerce Sec Wilbur Ross: 10 U.S.-China Trade Agreements ’Herculean Accomplishment’. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 12, 2017.

[39] Trump administration praises deal expanding trade with China. Fox News. May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.

[40] Moons, Michelle (May 12, 2017). Commerce Sec Wilbur Ross: 10 U.S.-China Trade Agreements ’Herculean Accomplishment’. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 12, 2017.

[17] Dinan, Stephen (May 18, 2017). Trump begins NAFTA renegotiation. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 18, 2017.

[18] Multiple references:
Needham, Vicki (June 12, 2017). US, China strike deal on beef exports. The Hill. Retrieved June 12, 2017.

Jalonick, Mary Claire (June 12, 2017). China a step closer to resuming US beef imports. Fox Business (from the Associated Press). Retrieved June 12, 2017.

[43] Needham, Vicki (June 12, 2017). US, China strike deal on beef exports. The Hill. Retrieved June 12, 2017.

[44] Jalonick, Mary Claire (June 12, 2017). China a step closer to resuming US beef imports. Fox Business (from the Associated Press). Retrieved June 12, 2017.

[19] Multiple references:
China takes delivery of first shipments of American beef in 14 years. Reuters. June 23, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.

Patton, Dominique (June 29, 2017). Chinese ready to tuck into U.S. beef imports after 14-year wait. Reuters. Retrieved July 13, 2017.

Lynch, James Q. (July 12, 2017). After 14 years, U.S. beef hits Chinese market. The Gazette. Retrieved July 13, 2017.

Richter, Greg (July 12, 2017). US Beef Back in China After 14-Year Absence. Newsmax. Retrieved July 13, 2017.

U.S. Beef Debuts in China After 14 Years, May Help Balance Trade. Bloomberg. June 30, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.

[46] China takes delivery of first shipments of American beef in 14 years. Reuters. June 23, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.

[47] Patton, Dominique (June 29, 2017). Chinese ready to tuck into U.S. beef imports after 14-year wait. Reuters. Retrieved July 13, 2017.

[48] Lynch, James Q. (July 12, 2017). After 14 years, U.S. beef hits Chinese market. The Gazette. Retrieved July 13, 2017.

[49] Richter, Greg (July 12, 2017). US Beef Back in China After 14-Year Absence. Newsmax. Retrieved July 13, 2017.

[50] U.S. Beef Debuts in China After 14 Years, May Help Balance Trade. Bloomberg. June 30, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.

[20] Multiple references:
Jozwiak, Rikard (July 8, 2017). Trump Wins Concessions On Climate, Trade As G20 Leaders Agree On Summit Statement. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved July 9, 2017.

Peker, Emre; Horobin, William (July 9, 2017). G20 2017: Leaders compromise on trade, split on climate. The Australian. Retrieved July 9, 2017.

G-20: Donald Trump’s ‘America First’ policy wins concession in summit. The Indian Express. July 8, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017.

Delcker, Janosch; Herszenhorn, David M. (July 8, 2017). Angela Merkel steers G20 leaders to compromise on trade. Politico. Retrieved July 9, 2017.

[52] Jozwiak, Rikard (July 8, 2017). Trump Wins Concessions On Climate, Trade As G20 Leaders Agree On Summit Statement. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved July 9, 2017.

[53] Peker, Emre; Horobin, William (July 9, 2017). G20 2017: Leaders compromise on trade, split on climate. The Australian. Retrieved July 9, 2017.

[54] G-20: Donald Trump’s ‘America First’ policy wins concession in summit. The Indian Express. July 8, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017.

[55] Delcker, Janosch; Herszenhorn, David M. (July 8, 2017). Angela Merkel steers G20 leaders to compromise on trade. Politico. Retrieved July 9, 2017.

[21] Multiple references:
Durisin, Megan; Bjerga, Alan (July 20, 2017). The U.S. Can Now Ship Rice to China for the First Time. Bloomberg. Retrieved July 25, 2017.

Erickson, Bo (July 20, 2017). U.S. rice to be exported to China for first time. CBS News. Retrieved July 25, 2017.

Hirtzer, Michael (July 20, 2017). China agrees to allow imports of U.S. rice for first time: USDA. Reuters. Retrieved July 25, 2017.

Yu, Roger (July 21, 2017). China opens rice market for US exports for first time ever. USA Today. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
Subsequent developments:
Higgins, Sean (December 28, 2018). China allows first-ever US rice imports. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-trade-rice/china-allows-first-ever-us-rice-imports-in-goodwill-gesture-ahead-of-trade-talks-idUSKCN1OR0LB. Reuters. December 28, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

Rodrigo, Chris Mills (December 28, 2018). China allows US rice imports for first time ahead of trade talks. The Hill. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

Pentchoukov, Ivan (July 4, 2019). For the First Time Ever, United States Sells Rice to China. The Epoch Times. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

Ingwersen, Julie; Smith, Barbara (July 3, 2019). United States makes first-ever rice sale to China: trade group. Reuters. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

Trade Group: US Makes First-Ever Rice Sale to China. Newsmax. July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

[57] Durisin, Megan; Bjerga, Alan (July 20, 2017). The U.S. Can Now Ship Rice to China for the First Time. Bloomberg. Retrieved July 25, 2017.

[58] Erickson, Bo (July 20, 2017). U.S. rice to be exported to China for first time. CBS News. Retrieved July 25, 2017.

[59] Hirtzer, Michael (July 20, 2017). China agrees to allow imports of U.S. rice for first time: USDA. Reuters. Retrieved July 25, 2017.

[60] Yu, Roger (July 21, 2017). China opens rice market for US exports for first time ever. USA Today. Retrieved July 25, 2017.

[61] Higgins, Sean (December 28, 2018). China allows first-ever US rice imports. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

[62] ttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-trade-rice/china-allows-first-ever-us-rice-imports-in-goodwill-gesture-ahead-of-trade-talks-idUSKCN1OR0LB. Reuters. December 28, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

[63] Rodrigo, Chris Mills (December 28, 2018). China allows US rice imports for first time ahead of trade talks. The Hill. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

[64] Pentchoukov, Ivan (July 4, 2019). For the First Time Ever, United States Sells Rice to China. The Epoch Times. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

[65] Ingwersen, Julie; Smith, Barbara (July 3, 2019). United States makes first-ever rice sale to China: trade group. Reuters. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

[66] Trade Group: US Makes First-Ever Rice Sale to China. Newsmax. July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.

[22] Multiple references:
Cama, Timothy (July 31, 2017). Trump officials hail coal export deal with Ukraine. The Hill. Retrieved August 23, 2017.

US, for First Time, to Sell Coal to Ukraine. Voice of America. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2017.

Prentice, Alessandra (July 31, 2017). After Trump meeting, Ukraine to import U.S. thermal coal for the first time. Reuters. Retrieved August 21, 2017.

Natter, Ari (July 31, 2017). Ukraine Coal Exports Part of Trump Bid to Counter Russia. Bloomberg News. Retrieved August 21, 2017.

Pearce, Tim (July 31, 2017). US Coal Will Help Secure Ukraine’s Energy Independence From Russia. The Daily Caller. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
Coal shipments started in August 2017:
U.S. Sends First Coal Shipment To Ukraine To Bolster Energy Security. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. August 23, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.

Graeber, Daniel J. (August 22, 2017). In a first, U.S. ships coal to Ukraine. UPI. Retrieved August 23, 2017.

Siciliano, John (August 21, 2017). Trump officials celebrate first coal shipment to Ukraine. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 21, 2017.

US Officials, Miner Celebrate 1st Shipment of Domestic Coal to Ukraine. Sputnik. August 22, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2017.

[68] Cama, Timothy (July 31, 2017). Trump officials hail coal export deal with Ukraine. The Hill. Retrieved August 23, 2017.

[69] US, for First Time, to Sell Coal to Ukraine. Voice of America. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2017.

[70] Prentice, Alessandra (July 31, 2017). After Trump meeting, Ukraine to import U.S. thermal coal for the first time. Reuters. Retrieved August 21, 2017.

[71] Natter, Ari (July 31, 2017). Ukraine Coal Exports Part of Trump Bid to Counter Russia. Bloomberg News. Retrieved August 21, 2017.

[72] Pearce, Tim (July 31, 2017). US Coal Will Help Secure Ukraine’s Energy Independence From Russia. The Daily Caller. Retrieved August 21, 2017.

[73] U.S. Sends First Coal Shipment To Ukraine To Bolster Energy Security. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. August 23, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.

[74] Graeber, Daniel J. (August 22, 2017). In a first, U.S. ships coal to Ukraine. UPI. Retrieved August 23, 2017.

[75] Siciliano, John (August 21, 2017). Trump officials celebrate first coal shipment to Ukraine. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 21, 2017.

[76] US Officials, Miner Celebrate 1st Shipment of Domestic Coal to Ukraine. Sputnik. August 22, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2017.

[PunitiveAlumFoil-23] 23.0 ^23.1 Multiple references:
Miller, S.A. (August 8, 2017). U.S. hits China with import tax for dumping aluminum foil. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 10, 2017.

U.S. Seeks Import Duties on Chinese Aluminum Foil. Bloomberg. August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 10, 2017.

Horowitz, Julia (August 9, 2017). Trump moves to slap duties on Chinese aluminum foil. CNN Money. Retrieved August 10, 2017.

[78] Miller, S.A. (August 8, 2017). U.S. hits China with import tax for dumping aluminum foil. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 10, 2017.

[79] U.S. Seeks Import Duties on Chinese Aluminum Foil. Bloomberg. August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 10, 2017.

[80] Horowitz, Julia (August 9, 2017). Trump moves to slap duties on Chinese aluminum foil. CNN Money. Retrieved August 10, 2017.

[AluminumFoil2018-24] 24.0 ^24.1 Multiple references:
U.S. finds China aluminum foil imports dumped, subsidized. Reuters. February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

U.S. Slaps Duties on China Aluminum Foil as Xi Ally Arrives. Bloomberg. February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

US slaps stiff duties on aluminum foil from China. Deutsche Welle. February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

US Proposes Anti-dumping Duties on Chinese Aluminum Foil. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

U.S. wants to raise import duties on Chinese aluminum foil. CBS News. February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

[82] U.S. finds China aluminum foil imports dumped, subsidized. Reuters. February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

[83] U.S. Slaps Duties on China Aluminum Foil as Xi Ally Arrives. Bloomberg. February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

[84] US slaps stiff duties on aluminum foil from China. Deutsche Welle. February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

[85] US Proposes Anti-dumping Duties on Chinese Aluminum Foil. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

[86] U.S. wants to raise import duties on Chinese aluminum foil. CBS News. February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

[ITCaluminum-25] 25.0 ^25.1 Multiple references:
U.S. trade panel says imports of aluminum foil from China harm U.S. producers. Reuters. March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

ITC, in final vote, finds Chinese aluminum foil imports injure the U.S. industry. World Trade Online. March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

[88] U.S. trade panel says imports of aluminum foil from China harm U.S. producers. Reuters. March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

[89] ITC, in final vote, finds Chinese aluminum foil imports injure the U.S. industry. World Trade Online. March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.

[26] Multiple references:
Bredemeier, Ken (August 14, 2017). Trump Orders China Trade Investigation. Voice of America. Retrieved August 14, 2017.

Spiering, Charlie (August 14, 2017). Donald Trump Directs Investigation of China for Theft of Intellectual Property. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 14, 2017.

Trump targets China trade policies with executive action. Fox News. August 14, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2017.

Fabian, Jordan (August 14, 2017). Trump signs memo on Chinese trade practices. The Hill. Retrieved August 14, 2017.

Wroughton, Lesley; Mason, Jeff (August 14, 2017). Trump orders probe of China's intellectual property practices. Reuters. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
USTR Lighthizer formally launched the investigation on August 18, 2017:
Carney, John (August 18, 2017). It Begins: U.S. Launches China Trade Probe. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 19, 2017.

Kasperowicz, Pete (August 18, 2017). US Trade Representative launches IPR investigation into China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 19, 2017.

Greenwood, Max (August 18, 2017). US determines Chinese trade practices merit ‘thorough investigation’. The Hill. Retrieved August 19, 2017.

U.S. formally launches probe of China's intellectual property practices. Reuters. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.

US launches China trade secret probe. Deutsche Welle. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.

[91] Bredemeier, Ken (August 14, 2017). Trump Orders China Trade Investigation. Voice of America. Retrieved August 14, 2017.

[92] Spiering, Charlie (August 14, 2017). Donald Trump Directs Investigation of China for Theft of Intellectual Property. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 14, 2017.

[93] Trump targets China trade policies with executive action. Fox News. August 14, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2017.

[94] Fabian, Jordan (August 14, 2017). Trump signs memo on Chinese trade practices. The Hill. Retrieved August 14, 2017.

[95] Wroughton, Lesley; Mason, Jeff (August 14, 2017). Trump orders probe of China's intellectual property practices. Reuters. Retrieved August 14, 2017.

[96] Carney, John (August 18, 2017). It Begins: U.S. Launches China Trade Probe. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 19, 2017.

[97] Kasperowicz, Pete (August 18, 2017). US Trade Representative launches IPR investigation into China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved August 19, 2017.

[98] Greenwood, Max (August 18, 2017). US determines Chinese trade practices merit ‘thorough investigation’. The Hill. Retrieved August 19, 2017.

[99] U.S. formally launches probe of China's intellectual property practices. Reuters. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.

[100] US launches China trade secret probe. Deutsche Welle. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.

[27] Multiple references:
US Slaps 220 Percent Duty on Canada's Bombardier Jets. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). September 26, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

Scott, Alwyn; Lampert, Allison (September 26, 2017). U.S. slaps steep duties on Bombardier jets after Boeing complaint. Reuters. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

Canada's Bombardier jets hit with 220% U.S. duty. CBS News. September 27, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

Needham, Vicki (September 26, 2017). US slaps steep tariffs on Canadian jets. The Hill. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

Berthiaume, Lee (September 26, 2017). Bombardier hit with 219% duty on sale of jets to Delta Air Lines. The Toronto Star. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

Friedman, Victoria (September 27, 2017). UK Aerospace Manufacturing to Face Tariffs after May Turns on Trump, Makes Concessions to EU. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

[102] US Slaps 220 Percent Duty on Canada's Bombardier Jets. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). September 26, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

[103] Scott, Alwyn; Lampert, Allison (September 26, 2017). U.S. slaps steep duties on Bombardier jets after Boeing complaint. Reuters. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

[104] Canada's Bombardier jets hit with 220% U.S. duty. CBS News. September 27, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

[105] Needham, Vicki (September 26, 2017). US slaps steep tariffs on Canadian jets. The Hill. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

[106] Berthiaume, Lee (September 26, 2017). Bombardier hit with 219% duty on sale of jets to Delta Air Lines. The Toronto Star. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

[107] Friedman, Victoria (September 27, 2017). UK Aerospace Manufacturing to Face Tariffs after May Turns on Trump, Makes Concessions to EU. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 4, 2017.

[28] Multiple references:
US Slaps More Duties on Canada’s Bombardier. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

Haynes, Danielle (October 6, 2017). U.S. slaps Bombardier with more duties in Boeing dispute. UPI. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

Scott, Alwyn (October 6, 2017). U.S. backs 300 percent in duties on Bombardier after Boeing complaint. Reuters. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

Campbell, John (October 7, 2017). Further tariff of 80% imposed on import of C-Series plane. BBC News. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

Gregg, Aaron (October 6, 2017). U.S. escalates trade dispute with Canada in new tariff decision. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[109] US Slaps More Duties on Canada’s Bombardier. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[110] Haynes, Danielle (October 6, 2017). U.S. slaps Bombardier with more duties in Boeing dispute. UPI. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[111] Scott, Alwyn (October 6, 2017). U.S. backs 300 percent in duties on Bombardier after Boeing complaint. Reuters. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[112] Campbell, John (October 7, 2017). Further tariff of 80% imposed on import of C-Series plane. BBC News. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[113] Gregg, Aaron (October 6, 2017). U.S. escalates trade dispute with Canada in new tariff decision. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 7, 2017.

[29] Multiple references:
Carney, John (January 26, 2018). US Trade Commission Rejects Boeing Claim Against Canadian Plane Maker Bombardier. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

Lampert, Allison; Wroughton, Lesley (January 26, 2018). U.S. trade body backs Canadian plane maker Bombardier against Boeing. Reuters. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

Sands, David R. (January 26, 2018). Canada first: U.S. trade panel unexpectedly rejects Boeing trade complaint. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[115] Carney, John (January 26, 2018). US Trade Commission Rejects Boeing Claim Against Canadian Plane Maker Bombardier. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[116] Lampert, Allison; Wroughton, Lesley (January 26, 2018). U.S. trade body backs Canadian plane maker Bombardier against Boeing. Reuters. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[117] Sands, David R. (January 26, 2018). Canada first: U.S. trade panel unexpectedly rejects Boeing trade complaint. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[30] Multiple references:
Carney, John (November 28, 2017). Commerce Department Launches Antidumping Investigation of Chinese Aluminum Producers. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

Lawder, David (November 28, 2017). U.S. Commerce Dept 'self-initiates' dumping probe of Chinese aluminum. Reuters. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

Wiseman, Paul (November 28, 2017). Trump administration pursues antidumping case against China. Fox News (from the Associated Press). Retrieved December 2, 2017.

Deaux, Joe; Mayeda, Andrew (November 28, 2017). Trump Starts Probe Into Aluminum That China Calls Protectionist. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

Lynch, David J. (November 28, 2017). Trump fires opening shot in China trade battle. The Washington Post. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

Kight, Stef W. (November 28, 2017). U.S. going after China's aluminum dumping. Axios. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

[119] Carney, John (November 28, 2017). Commerce Department Launches Antidumping Investigation of Chinese Aluminum Producers. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

[120] Lawder, David (November 28, 2017). U.S. Commerce Dept 'self-initiates' dumping probe of Chinese aluminum. Reuters. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

[121] Wiseman, Paul (November 28, 2017). Trump administration pursues antidumping case against China. Fox News (from the Associated Press). Retrieved December 2, 2017.

[122] Deaux, Joe; Mayeda, Andrew (November 28, 2017). Trump Starts Probe Into Aluminum That China Calls Protectionist. Bloomberg. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

[123] Lynch, David J. (November 28, 2017). Trump fires opening shot in China trade battle. The Washington Post. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

[124] Kight, Stef W. (November 28, 2017). U.S. going after China's aluminum dumping. Axios. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

[31] Vinik, Danny (December 1, 2017). 5 things Trump did this week while you weren't looking. Politico. Retrieved December 2, 2017. The International Trade Commission approved the duties on January 3, 2018:
Vinik, Danny (January 5, 2018). In one big week, Trump delivers for conservatives. Politico. Retrieved January 5, 2018.

[126] Vinik, Danny (January 5, 2018). In one big week, Trump delivers for conservatives. Politico. Retrieved January 5, 2018.

[32] Multiple references:
Lawder, David (November 30, 2017). U.S. formally opposes China market economy status at WTO. Reuters. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

US Formally Opposes China Market Economy Status at WTO. Voice of America (from Reuters). December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

Wiseman, Paul (December 1, 2017). US joins trade fight against China at WTO. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

[128] Lawder, David (November 30, 2017). U.S. formally opposes China market economy status at WTO. Reuters. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

[129] US Formally Opposes China Market Economy Status at WTO. Voice of America (from Reuters). December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

[130] Wiseman, Paul (December 1, 2017). US joins trade fight against China at WTO. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 2, 2017.

[33] Proclamation 9627 of July 17, 2017 -- Made in America Day and Made in America Week, 2017. Federal Register. July 20, 2017. Retrieved October 21, 2019.

[34] Multiple references:
Siciliano, John (July 31, 2017). US coal floods Europe despite continent's fear about climate change. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 31, 2017.

Gardner, Timothy; Chestney, Nina (July 27, 2017). U.S. coal exports soar, in boost to Trump energy agenda, data shows. Reuters. Retrieved July 31, 2017.

[133] Siciliano, John (July 31, 2017). US coal floods Europe despite continent's fear about climate change. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 31, 2017.

[134] Gardner, Timothy; Chestney, Nina (July 27, 2017). U.S. coal exports soar, in boost to Trump energy agenda, data shows. Reuters. Retrieved July 31, 2017.

[35] Multiple references:
Trump talks tough on trade, reaffirms 'America first' policy at Asia summit. Fox News. November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2017.

Spiering, Charlie (November 13, 2017). Donald Trump Challenges China and World Trade Organization in APEC Speech. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 13, 2017.

Colvin, Jill; Lemire, Jonathan (November 10, 2017). Trump at APEC summit says U.S. will no longer be taken advantage of on trade. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved November 13, 2017.

Holland, Steve; Tostevin, Matthew (November 10, 2017). Trump brings tough trade message in vision for Asia. Reuters. Retrieved November 13, 2017.

[136] Trump talks tough on trade, reaffirms 'America first' policy at Asia summit. Fox News. November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2017.

[137] Spiering, Charlie (November 13, 2017). Donald Trump Challenges China and World Trade Organization in APEC Speech. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 13, 2017.

[138] Colvin, Jill; Lemire, Jonathan (November 10, 2017). Trump at APEC summit says U.S. will no longer be taken advantage of on trade. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved November 13, 2017.

[139] Holland, Steve; Tostevin, Matthew (November 10, 2017). Trump brings tough trade message in vision for Asia. Reuters. Retrieved November 13, 2017.

[36] Multiple references:
Spiering, Charlie (November 9, 2017). Donald Trump: I Blame Previous Presidents for Massive Trade Deficit, Not China. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 17, 2017.

Trump says US trade with China has not been fair, urges country to squeeze North Korea. Fox News. November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.

Lawler, Dave (November 9, 2017). Trump to Chinese leaders: I don't blame you for taking advantage of us. Axios. Retrieved November 17, 2017.

[141] Spiering, Charlie (November 9, 2017). Donald Trump: I Blame Previous Presidents for Massive Trade Deficit, Not China. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 17, 2017.

[142] Trump says US trade with China has not been fair, urges country to squeeze North Korea. Fox News. November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.

[143] Lawler, Dave (November 9, 2017). Trump to Chinese leaders: I don't blame you for taking advantage of us. Axios. Retrieved November 17, 2017.

[37] Multiple references:
Collins, Keith; Lee, Jasmine C. (July 11, 2018). How Trump’s Trade War Went From 18 Products to 10,000. The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2018.

Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Salama, Vivian (September 25, 2018). Trump Pursues Trade Deals in Asia, Europe Amid Frostiness With China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 25, 2018.

‘Where Do We Have Tariffs?’ Trump Asks. Here’s a List. The Wall Street Journal. October 24, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2018.

Factbox: Tariff wars - duties imposed by Trump and U.S. trading partners. Reuters. November 30, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
See also:
Akan, Emel (December 27, 2018). Trump’s Tariffs Shake Up the Global Trade Order. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.

Carney, John (July 25, 2018). What Trump Knows About Tariffs that Establishment Trade Economists Forgot. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

Puzder, Andy (July 2, 2018). Trump's trade critics are wrong -- His tariffs could bring major benefits to America. Fox News. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

Mauldin, William; Dapena, Kara (August 10, 2018). Tracking Trump’s Trade Talks. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 22, 2018.

Thomas, Ken (September 3, 2018). Trump sees mixing trade, foreign policy as good politics. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved September 3, 2018.

Thomas, Cal (October 4, 2018). Cal Thomas: Trump promised to put American interests first – he wasn’t kidding. Fox News. Retrieved October 4, 2018.

Carney, John (October 25, 2018). ‘Where Do We Have Tariffs?’ Trump Asks. He’s Got A Point. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 25, 2018.

Cheung, Steven (November 30, 2018). Trump is winning on trade -- Don't let the 'experts' fool you. Fox News. Retrieved November 30, 2018.

Ip, Greg (December 26, 2018). Trump Didn’t Kill the Global Trade System. He Split It in Two. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 27, 2018.

Moons, Michelle (February 6, 2019). Commerce Secretary: President’s Tariffs Have ‘Strengthened America’s National Security’. Breitbart News. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
The Trump Administration also took trade actions against smaller nations:
Craymer, Lucy; Zumbrun, Josh (August 12, 2018). U.S. Takes Trade Fight to Smaller Nations. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

Uwiringiyimana, Clement; Bavier, Joe (May 24, 2018). Trump versus Rwanda in trade battle over used clothes. Reuters. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

[145] Collins, Keith; Lee, Jasmine C. (July 11, 2018). How Trump’s Trade War Went From 18 Products to 10,000. The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2018.

[146] Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Salama, Vivian (September 25, 2018). Trump Pursues Trade Deals in Asia, Europe Amid Frostiness With China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 25, 2018.

[147] ‘Where Do We Have Tariffs?’ Trump Asks. Here’s a List. The Wall Street Journal. October 24, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2018.

[148] Factbox: Tariff wars - duties imposed by Trump and U.S. trading partners. Reuters. November 30, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2019.

[149] Akan, Emel (December 27, 2018). Trump’s Tariffs Shake Up the Global Trade Order. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.

[150] Carney, John (July 25, 2018). What Trump Knows About Tariffs that Establishment Trade Economists Forgot. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

[151] Puzder, Andy (July 2, 2018). Trump's trade critics are wrong -- His tariffs could bring major benefits to America. Fox News. Retrieved July 25, 2018.

[152] Mauldin, William; Dapena, Kara (August 10, 2018). Tracking Trump’s Trade Talks. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 22, 2018.

[153] Thomas, Ken (September 3, 2018). Trump sees mixing trade, foreign policy as good politics. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved September 3, 2018.

[154] Thomas, Cal (October 4, 2018). Cal Thomas: Trump promised to put American interests first – he wasn’t kidding. Fox News. Retrieved October 4, 2018.

[155] Carney, John (October 25, 2018). ‘Where Do We Have Tariffs?’ Trump Asks. He’s Got A Point. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 25, 2018.

[156] Cheung, Steven (November 30, 2018). Trump is winning on trade -- Don't let the 'experts' fool you. Fox News. Retrieved November 30, 2018.

[157] Ip, Greg (December 26, 2018). Trump Didn’t Kill the Global Trade System. He Split It in Two. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 27, 2018.

[158] Moons, Michelle (February 6, 2019). Commerce Secretary: President’s Tariffs Have ‘Strengthened America’s National Security’. Breitbart News. Retrieved February 7, 2019.

[159] Craymer, Lucy; Zumbrun, Josh (August 12, 2018). U.S. Takes Trade Fight to Smaller Nations. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

[160] Uwiringiyimana, Clement; Bavier, Joe (May 24, 2018). Trump versus Rwanda in trade battle over used clothes. Reuters. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

[38] Multiple references:
Zumbrun, Josh (July 31, 2018). Strong Economic Growth Boosts U.S. in Trade Battles. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
Specifically regarding China:
Carney, John (August 14, 2018). China’s Economy Weakens as Trade Fight Heats Up, Emboldening Xi’s Critics. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

Nazarian, Adelle (August 14, 2018). Chinese Economy Cools Down as Trade Fight with U.S. Heats Up. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

China’s Growth Engine Sputters as It Battles U.S. Over Trade. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

China’s Economy Losing Steam as Trade Conflict With U.S. Intensifies. The Wall Street Journal. September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018.

Adelmann, Bob (September 30, 2018). Trump’s Tariffs Are Biting China. The New American. Retrieved September 30, 2018.

Adelmann, Bob (October 19, 2018). Chinese Economy Slowing Down, Government Denies It. The New American. Retrieved October 19, 2018.

Carney, John (October 19, 2018). China’s Economy Stumbles as Trade War Squeeze Tightens. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
See also:
Byas, Steve (June 26, 2018). U.S. Economic Upsurge and Trump’s Tax and Tariff Policies. The New American. Retrieved June 26, 2018.

Carney, John (August 9, 2018). Jobless Claims Unexpectedly Fell and Inflation Ticked Down, Suggesting Strong U.S. Economy Unfazed by Trade War. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 9, 2018.

[162] Zumbrun, Josh (July 31, 2018). Strong Economic Growth Boosts U.S. in Trade Battles. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 1, 2018.

[163] Carney, John (August 14, 2018). China’s Economy Weakens as Trade Fight Heats Up, Emboldening Xi’s Critics. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

[164] Nazarian, Adelle (August 14, 2018). Chinese Economy Cools Down as Trade Fight with U.S. Heats Up. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

[165] China’s Growth Engine Sputters as It Battles U.S. Over Trade. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 14, 2018.

[166] China’s Economy Losing Steam as Trade Conflict With U.S. Intensifies. The Wall Street Journal. September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018.

[167] Adelmann, Bob (September 30, 2018). Trump’s Tariffs Are Biting China. The New American. Retrieved September 30, 2018.

[168] Adelmann, Bob (October 19, 2018). Chinese Economy Slowing Down, Government Denies It. The New American. Retrieved October 19, 2018.

[169] Carney, John (October 19, 2018). China’s Economy Stumbles as Trade War Squeeze Tightens. Breitbart News. Retrieved October 19, 2018.

[170] Byas, Steve (June 26, 2018). U.S. Economic Upsurge and Trump’s Tax and Tariff Policies. The New American. Retrieved June 26, 2018.

[171] Carney, John (August 9, 2018). Jobless Claims Unexpectedly Fell and Inflation Ticked Down, Suggesting Strong U.S. Economy Unfazed by Trade War. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 9, 2018.

[39] Jasper, William F. (August 22, 2018). “Made In China 2025” Master Plan Has Hit a Wall Named Trump. The New American. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
See also:
Kasperowicz, Pete (October 8, 2018). Trump tariffs raise $4.4 billion and counting. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 8, 2018.

Svab, Petr (October 8, 2018). Trump Admin Collecting $4.4 Billion From Tariffs on Steel, Aluminium, China Goods: Report. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.

O'Keeffe, Kate (November 12, 2018). U.S. Adopts New Battle Plan to Fight China’s Theft of Trade Secrets. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

Akan, Emel (November 12, 2018). White House Opens New Front in China Trade War. The Epoch Times. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
President Trump's statements on revenue from U.S. tariffs on China:
Muñoz, Gabriella (November 29, 2018). 'Billions and billions' from tariffs are making Trump second-guess deal with China. The Washington Times. Retrieved November 29, 2018.

Rodrigo, Chris Mills (November 29, 2018). Trump touts billions of dollars ‘pouring into U.S. coffers’ from China tariffs ahead of meeting with Xi. The Hill. Retrieved November 29, 2018.

Moons, Michelle (November 29, 2018). Trump Debating China Deal or No Heading into G20. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 29, 2018.

Boyer, Dave (January 3, 2019). Trump says U.S. gaining billions from tariffs on China. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 3, 2019.

[173] Kasperowicz, Pete (October 8, 2018). Trump tariffs raise $4.4 billion and counting. Washington Examiner. Retrieved October 8, 2018.

[174] Svab, Petr (October 8, 2018). Trump Admin Collecting $4.4 Billion From Tariffs on Steel, Aluminium, China Goods: Report. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.

[175] O'Keeffe, Kate (November 12, 2018). U.S. Adopts New Battle Plan to Fight China’s Theft of Trade Secrets. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

[176] Akan, Emel (November 12, 2018). White House Opens New Front in China Trade War. The Epoch Times. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

[177] Muñoz, Gabriella (November 29, 2018). 'Billions and billions' from tariffs are making Trump second-guess deal with China. The Washington Times. Retrieved November 29, 2018.

[178] Rodrigo, Chris Mills (November 29, 2018). Trump touts billions of dollars ‘pouring into U.S. coffers’ from China tariffs ahead of meeting with Xi. The Hill. Retrieved November 29, 2018.

[179] Moons, Michelle (November 29, 2018). Trump Debating China Deal or No Heading into G20. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 29, 2018.

[180] Boyer, Dave (January 3, 2019). Trump says U.S. gaining billions from tariffs on China. The Washington Times. Retrieved January 3, 2019.

[40] Multiple references:
Binder, John (November 21, 2018). Free Trade Economists Fail: China Paying for Trump Tariffs – Not U.S. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 21, 2018.

Kruta, Virginia (November 19, 2018). Report: China is Picking Up the Tab for Trump's Trade War. The Daily Caller. Retrieved November 24, 2018.

Tapscott, Mark (November 21, 2018). Trump’s Tariffs Slashing U.S. Trade Deficit with China, Euro Study Finds. LifeZette. Retrieved November 24, 2018.

Pi, Xiaoqing (November 19, 2018). China Is Paying for Most of Trump's Trade War, Research Says. Bloomberg. Retrieved November 21, 2018.

Kight, Stef W. (November 24, 2018). Analysis: Trump's trade war with China might be working. Axios. Retrieved November 24, 2018.

Graupner, Hardy (November 20, 2018). No winners in US-China trade spat — says who? Deutsche Welle. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
See also:
Carney, John (January 2, 2019). China Cracks: Manufacturing Sector Contracts for First Time Since Trade War Began. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[182] Binder, John (November 21, 2018). Free Trade Economists Fail: China Paying for Trump Tariffs – Not U.S. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 21, 2018.

[183] Kruta, Virginia (November 19, 2018). Report: China is Picking Up the Tab for Trump's Trade War. The Daily Caller. Retrieved November 24, 2018.

[184] Tapscott, Mark (November 21, 2018). Trump’s Tariffs Slashing U.S. Trade Deficit with China, Euro Study Finds. LifeZette. Retrieved November 24, 2018.

[185] Pi, Xiaoqing (November 19, 2018). China Is Paying for Most of Trump's Trade War, Research Says. Bloomberg. Retrieved November 21, 2018.

[186] Kight, Stef W. (November 24, 2018). Analysis: Trump's trade war with China might be working. Axios. Retrieved November 24, 2018.

[187] Graupner, Hardy (November 20, 2018). No winners in US-China trade spat — says who? Deutsche Welle. Retrieved November 24, 2018.

[188] Carney, John (January 2, 2019). China Cracks: Manufacturing Sector Contracts for First Time Since Trade War Began. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[41] Multiple references:
Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Ailworth, Erin (January 22, 2018). U.S. Imposes New Tariffs, Ramping Up ‘America First’ Trade Policy. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

Trump applies tariffs to solar panels, washing machines. Associated Press. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

Carney, John (January 22, 2018). AMERICA FIRST: Trump Imposes 30% Tariff on Imported Solar Products and Washing Machines. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

Needham, Vicki (January 22, 2018). Trump slaps tariffs on imported washing machines, solar panel technology. The Hill. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

Lynch, David J. (January 22, 2018). Trump imposes tariffs on solar panels and washing machines in first major trade action of 2018. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
President Trump signed the tariffs into effect the next day:
Korte, Gregory; Jackson, David (January 23, 2018). In bid to save manufacturing jobs, Trump signs tariffs on washing machines, solar cells. USA Today. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

Proclamation 9693 of January 23, 2018 -- To Facilitate Positive Adjustment to Competition From Imports of Certain Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells (Whether or Not Partially or Fully Assembled Into Other Products) and for Other Purposes. Federal Register. January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

Proclamation 9694 of January 23, 2018 -- To Facilitate Positive Adjustment to Competition From Imports of Large Residential Washers. Federal Register. January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
See also:
Bradsher, Keith; Wee, Sui-Lee (January 23, 2018). U.S. Tariffs, Aimed at China and South Korea, to Hit Targets Worldwide. The New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2018.

[190] Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Ailworth, Erin (January 22, 2018). U.S. Imposes New Tariffs, Ramping Up ‘America First’ Trade Policy. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[191] Trump applies tariffs to solar panels, washing machines. Associated Press. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[192] Carney, John (January 22, 2018). AMERICA FIRST: Trump Imposes 30% Tariff on Imported Solar Products and Washing Machines. Breitbart News. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[193] Needham, Vicki (January 22, 2018). Trump slaps tariffs on imported washing machines, solar panel technology. The Hill. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[194] Lynch, David J. (January 22, 2018). Trump imposes tariffs on solar panels and washing machines in first major trade action of 2018. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[195] Korte, Gregory; Jackson, David (January 23, 2018). In bid to save manufacturing jobs, Trump signs tariffs on washing machines, solar cells. USA Today. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[196] Proclamation 9693 of January 23, 2018 -- To Facilitate Positive Adjustment to Competition From Imports of Certain Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Cells (Whether or Not Partially or Fully Assembled Into Other Products) and for Other Purposes. Federal Register. January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[197] Proclamation 9694 of January 23, 2018 -- To Facilitate Positive Adjustment to Competition From Imports of Large Residential Washers. Federal Register. January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.

[198] Bradsher, Keith; Wee, Sui-Lee (January 23, 2018). U.S. Tariffs, Aimed at China and South Korea, to Hit Targets Worldwide. The New York Times. Retrieved January 29, 2018.

[2018S.26Atariffs-42] 42.0 ^42.1 Multiple references:
Singman, Brooke; Burman, Blake (March 8, 2018). Trump imposes tariffs on all steel, aluminum imports; exempts Mexico and Canada for now. Fox News. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

Carney, John (March 8, 2018). In Triumph for Economic Nationalism, Trump Imposes Sweeping Metals Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

Spiering, Charlie (March 8, 2018). Promises Kept: Donald Trump Signs Steel and Aluminum Tariffs to Protect Workers. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

Fabian, Jordan; Needham, Vicki (March 8, 2018). Defying GOP, Trump orders steel and aluminum tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

Boyer, Dave (March 8, 2018). Trump spares NAFTA partners from tariffs on steel, aluminum. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Ballhaus, Rebecca (March 8, 2018). Trump Signs Metals Tariffs Sparing Some Allies. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

Akan, Emel (March 8, 2018). Trump Signs Orders on Steel and Aluminum Imports. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.

Baker, Peter; Swanson, Ana (March 8, 2018). Trump Authorizes Tariffs, Defying Allies at Home and Abroad. The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
See also:
Akan, Emel (March 6, 2019). Manufacturers and Steelworkers Defend Import Tariffs. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.

[200] Singman, Brooke; Burman, Blake (March 8, 2018). Trump imposes tariffs on all steel, aluminum imports; exempts Mexico and Canada for now. Fox News. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

[201] Carney, John (March 8, 2018). In Triumph for Economic Nationalism, Trump Imposes Sweeping Metals Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

[202] Spiering, Charlie (March 8, 2018). Promises Kept: Donald Trump Signs Steel and Aluminum Tariffs to Protect Workers. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

[203] Fabian, Jordan; Needham, Vicki (March 8, 2018). Defying GOP, Trump orders steel and aluminum tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

[204] Boyer, Dave (March 8, 2018). Trump spares NAFTA partners from tariffs on steel, aluminum. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

[205] Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Ballhaus, Rebecca (March 8, 2018). Trump Signs Metals Tariffs Sparing Some Allies. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

[206] Akan, Emel (March 8, 2018). Trump Signs Orders on Steel and Aluminum Imports. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.

[207] Baker, Peter; Swanson, Ana (March 8, 2018). Trump Authorizes Tariffs, Defying Allies at Home and Abroad. The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2018.

[208] Akan, Emel (March 6, 2019). Manufacturers and Steelworkers Defend Import Tariffs. The Epoch Times. Retrieved January 31, 2019.

[43] Multiple references:
Vavra, Shannon; Canipe, Chris (March 23, 2018). Where Trump's steel and aluminum trade war will hit first. Axios. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

US Steel, Aluminum Tariffs Activated; Some Countries Exempt. Voice of America. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

Cerbin, Carolyn McAtee (March 23, 2018). Trump exempts some allies from steel, aluminum tariffs. USA Today. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

Davis, Bob (March 23, 2018). White House Names Allies to Receive Tariff Reprieve. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

Samuels, Brett (March 22, 2018). White House: Trump will delay steel tariffs for EU, six countries. The Hill. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

Wroughton, Lesley (March 22, 2018). Trump temporarily excludes EU, six other allies from steel tariffs. Reuters. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

[210] Vavra, Shannon; Canipe, Chris (March 23, 2018). Where Trump's steel and aluminum trade war will hit first. Axios. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

[211] US Steel, Aluminum Tariffs Activated; Some Countries Exempt. Voice of America. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

[212] Cerbin, Carolyn McAtee (March 23, 2018). Trump exempts some allies from steel, aluminum tariffs. USA Today. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

[213] Davis, Bob (March 23, 2018). White House Names Allies to Receive Tariff Reprieve. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

[214] Samuels, Brett (March 22, 2018). White House: Trump will delay steel tariffs for EU, six countries. The Hill. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

[215] Wroughton, Lesley (March 22, 2018). Trump temporarily excludes EU, six other allies from steel tariffs. Reuters. Retrieved March 23, 2018.

[44] Multiple references:
Chamberlain, Samuel (April 30, 2018). White House delays tariffs on EU, Canada, Mexico ahead of tense China talks. Fox News. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

Bender, Michael C.; Mauldin, William (April 30, 2018). Trump Postpones Steel Tariff Decision for EU, Other U.S. Allies. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

Lawder, David (April 30, 2018). Trump delays metal tariffs on Canada, EU, Mexico, exempts some others. Reuters. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

Needham, Vicki; Elis, Niv (April 30, 2018). Trump delays steel tariffs for EU, other US allies. The Hill. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

Horsley, Scott (May 31, 2018). Trump Administration Delays Most Tariffs On Steel, Aluminum. NPR. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
However, on August 29, 2018, President Trump signed two proclamations allowing for exemptions from the quotas enacted on South Korea, Brazil and Argentina:
Trump allows targeted relief on steel, aluminum quotas: Commerce Department. Reuters. August 29, 2018. Retrieved September 1, 2018.

Proclamation 9776 of August 29, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States. Federal Register. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.

Proclamation 9777 of August 29, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States. Federal Register. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.

[217] Chamberlain, Samuel (April 30, 2018). White House delays tariffs on EU, Canada, Mexico ahead of tense China talks. Fox News. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

[218] Bender, Michael C.; Mauldin, William (April 30, 2018). Trump Postpones Steel Tariff Decision for EU, Other U.S. Allies. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

[219] Lawder, David (April 30, 2018). Trump delays metal tariffs on Canada, EU, Mexico, exempts some others. Reuters. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

[220] Needham, Vicki; Elis, Niv (April 30, 2018). Trump delays steel tariffs for EU, other US allies. The Hill. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

[221] Horsley, Scott (May 31, 2018). Trump Administration Delays Most Tariffs On Steel, Aluminum. NPR. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

[222] Trump allows targeted relief on steel, aluminum quotas: Commerce Department. Reuters. August 29, 2018. Retrieved September 1, 2018.

[223] Proclamation 9776 of August 29, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States. Federal Register. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.

[224] Proclamation 9777 of August 29, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States. Federal Register. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.

[45] Multiple references:
Moons, Michelle (May 31, 2018). U.S. Imposes Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on EU, Canada, and Mexico. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

Needham, Vicki (May 31, 2018). Trump slaps steel, aluminum tariffs on EU, Canada and Mexico. The Hill. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

De Lea, Brittany (May 31, 2018). Trump to remove tariff exemption from EU, Canada, Mexico. Fox Business. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

Dinan, Stephen; Miller, S.A. (May 31, 2018). Trump threatens NAFTA after imposing tariffs on U.S. allies to punish 'unfair competition'. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 1, 2018.

Fritze, John (May 31, 2018). Trump imposes steel, aluminum tariffs on U.S. allies and Europe plans to retaliate. USA Today. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

Mauldin, William (May 31, 2018). U.S. Tariffs Prompt Anger, Retaliation From Trade Allies. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
For the actual proclamations President Trump signed:
Proclamation 9758 of May 31, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States. Federal Register. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.

Proclamation 9759 of May 31, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States. Federal Register. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
The U.S. government had already collected over $110 million from the tariffs two weeks after they were imposed:
Fernandez, Henry (June 15, 2018). Trump tariffs rake in more than $110M. Fox Business. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
See also:
Morrongiello, Gabby (May 31, 2018). Trump ends his nice-guy routine on trade. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

Gomez, Christian (June 25, 2018). Global Trade Order on Verge of Collapse? The New American. Retrieved June 25, 2018.

Gomez, Christian (June 29, 2018). UN & Obama Fear Trump Trade Tariffs Jeopardizing New World Order. The New American. Retrieved June 29, 2018.

Ferry, Jeff (June 2, 2018). US steel and aluminum tariffs — the right move at the right time. The Hill. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
However, the Commerce Department approved many exemptions to the tariffs:
Pacheco, Inti; Tita, Bob (January 2, 2019). Tariff Exclusions for Certain Steel Imports Sow Confusion. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

Higgins, Sean (September 24, 2019). Trump administration approving almost half of requests to avoid steel tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
The Trump Administration announced on May 17, 2019, that it had reached an agreement to lift the tariffs on Canada and Mexico in exchange for the two countries lifting their retaliatory tariffs along with stronger enforcement measures to prevent Chinese steel entering the U.S. through the two countries:
Carney, John (May 17, 2019). Trump Says U.S. Will Remove Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on Canada. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

Higgins, Sean (May 17, 2019). White House agrees to lift steel, aluminum tariffs on Mexico, Canada. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

Salama, Vivian; Zumbrun, Josh; Mackrael, Kim (May 17, 2019). U.S. Reaches Deal With Canada, Mexico to End Steel and Aluminum Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

Boyer, Dave; Howell, Tom (May 17, 2019). Trump to lift steel, aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

Wiseman, Paul; Krisher, Tom; Freking, Kevin; Gillies, Rob (May 17, 2019). Trump lifts tariffs on Mexico, Canada, delays auto tariffs. Associated Press. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

Lawder, David; Scherer, Steve (May 17, 2019). U.S. lifts tariffs on Canadian, Mexican metals in boost for trade pact. Reuters. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

Sakelaris, Nicholas; Haynes, Danielle (May 17, 2019). U.S. agrees to lift tariffs on metals for Canada, Mexico. UPI. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

Tausche, Kayla; Pramuk, Jacob (May 17, 2019). US reaches deal to lift steel and aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico. CNBC. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

Fritze, John; Collins, Michael (May 17, 2019). Trump will suspend year-old steel, aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico. USA Today. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

Chappell, Bill (May 17, 2019). U.S. Will Lift Tariffs On Steel And Aluminum From Canada And Mexico. NPR. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

Politi, James; Webber, Jude; Brunsden, Jim (May 17, 2019). Donald Trump eases tariffs for allies as he focuses on China. Financial Times. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
Canada and Mexico lifted their retaliatory tariffs on May 20, 2019:
Lane, Sylvan (May 20, 2019). Canada, Mexico lift tariffs on US goods after Trump scraps steel, aluminum levies. The Hill. Retrieved May 20, 2019.

Higgins, Sean (May 20, 2019). Canada and Mexico lift tariffs against US. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
More on this:
Desai, Pratima; Saminather, Nichola (July 23, 2019). Aluminum producers in Canada cash in on U.S. tariff exemption. Reuters. Retrieved July 23, 2019.

[226] Moons, Michelle (May 31, 2018). U.S. Imposes Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on EU, Canada, and Mexico. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

[227] Needham, Vicki (May 31, 2018). Trump slaps steel, aluminum tariffs on EU, Canada and Mexico. The Hill. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

[228] De Lea, Brittany (May 31, 2018). Trump to remove tariff exemption from EU, Canada, Mexico. Fox Business. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

[229] Dinan, Stephen; Miller, S.A. (May 31, 2018). Trump threatens NAFTA after imposing tariffs on U.S. allies to punish 'unfair competition'. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 1, 2018.

[230] Fritze, John (May 31, 2018). Trump imposes steel, aluminum tariffs on U.S. allies and Europe plans to retaliate. USA Today. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

[231] Mauldin, William (May 31, 2018). U.S. Tariffs Prompt Anger, Retaliation From Trade Allies. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

[232] Proclamation 9758 of May 31, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States. Federal Register. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.

[233] Proclamation 9759 of May 31, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States. Federal Register. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.

[234] Fernandez, Henry (June 15, 2018). Trump tariffs rake in more than $110M. Fox Business. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[235] Morrongiello, Gabby (May 31, 2018). Trump ends his nice-guy routine on trade. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 31, 2018.

[236] Gomez, Christian (June 25, 2018). Global Trade Order on Verge of Collapse? The New American. Retrieved June 25, 2018.

[237] Gomez, Christian (June 29, 2018). UN & Obama Fear Trump Trade Tariffs Jeopardizing New World Order. The New American. Retrieved June 29, 2018.

[238] Ferry, Jeff (June 2, 2018). US steel and aluminum tariffs — the right move at the right time. The Hill. Retrieved December 5, 2018.

[239] Pacheco, Inti; Tita, Bob (January 2, 2019). Tariff Exclusions for Certain Steel Imports Sow Confusion. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 2, 2019.

[240] Higgins, Sean (September 24, 2019). Trump administration approving almost half of requests to avoid steel tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved September 24, 2019.

[241] Carney, John (May 17, 2019). Trump Says U.S. Will Remove Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on Canada. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

[242] Higgins, Sean (May 17, 2019). White House agrees to lift steel, aluminum tariffs on Mexico, Canada. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

[243] Salama, Vivian; Zumbrun, Josh; Mackrael, Kim (May 17, 2019). U.S. Reaches Deal With Canada, Mexico to End Steel and Aluminum Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

[244] Boyer, Dave; Howell, Tom (May 17, 2019). Trump to lift steel, aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

[245] Wiseman, Paul; Krisher, Tom; Freking, Kevin; Gillies, Rob (May 17, 2019). Trump lifts tariffs on Mexico, Canada, delays auto tariffs. Associated Press. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

[246] Lawder, David; Scherer, Steve (May 17, 2019). U.S. lifts tariffs on Canadian, Mexican metals in boost for trade pact. Reuters. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

[247] Sakelaris, Nicholas; Haynes, Danielle (May 17, 2019). U.S. agrees to lift tariffs on metals for Canada, Mexico. UPI. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

[248] Tausche, Kayla; Pramuk, Jacob (May 17, 2019). US reaches deal to lift steel and aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico. CNBC. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

[249] Fritze, John; Collins, Michael (May 17, 2019). Trump will suspend year-old steel, aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico. USA Today. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

[250] Chappell, Bill (May 17, 2019). U.S. Will Lift Tariffs On Steel And Aluminum From Canada And Mexico. NPR. Retrieved May 17, 2019.

[251] Politi, James; Webber, Jude; Brunsden, Jim (May 17, 2019). Donald Trump eases tariffs for allies as he focuses on China. Financial Times. Retrieved May 18, 2019.

[252] Lane, Sylvan (May 20, 2019). Canada, Mexico lift tariffs on US goods after Trump scraps steel, aluminum levies. The Hill. Retrieved May 20, 2019.

[253] Higgins, Sean (May 20, 2019). Canada and Mexico lift tariffs against US. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 20, 2019.

[254] Desai, Pratima; Saminather, Nichola (July 23, 2019). Aluminum producers in Canada cash in on U.S. tariff exemption. Reuters. Retrieved July 23, 2019.

[46] Multiple references:
Singman, Brooke (March 22, 2018). President Trump announces new round of tariffs, investment restrictions against China. Fox News. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

Miller, S.A. (March 22, 2018). Trump hits China with $60 billion in tariffs. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

Carney, John (March 22, 2018). Trump Announces $50 Billion of Anti-China Tariffs and Restrictions on Chinese Investments in the U.S. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

Needham, Vicki; Fabian, Jordan (March 22, 2018). Trump says new tariffs, penalties on China could total $60B. The Hill. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

Wroughton, Lesley; Rampton, Roberta (March 22, 2018). Trump moves toward China tariffs in warning shot on technology transfer. Reuters. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

Chang, Peggy (March 22, 2018). Trump Launches Action Toward Imposing Tariffs Against Chinese Imports. Voice of America. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
According to Voice of America, the last time Section 301 was used was during Bill Clinton's presidency:
Herman, Steve (March 22, 2018). Trump Takes Action on Chinese Imports. Voice of America. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
See also:
Moons, Michelle (March 22, 2018). Trump Touts ‘Major’ Trade Negotiations with China While Signing 301 Action for ‘Reciprocal Trade’. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

[256] Singman, Brooke (March 22, 2018). President Trump announces new round of tariffs, investment restrictions against China. Fox News. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

[257] Miller, S.A. (March 22, 2018). Trump hits China with $60 billion in tariffs. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

[258] Carney, John (March 22, 2018). Trump Announces $50 Billion of Anti-China Tariffs and Restrictions on Chinese Investments in the U.S. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

[259] Needham, Vicki; Fabian, Jordan (March 22, 2018). Trump says new tariffs, penalties on China could total $60B. The Hill. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

[260] Wroughton, Lesley; Rampton, Roberta (March 22, 2018). Trump moves toward China tariffs in warning shot on technology transfer. Reuters. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

[261] Chang, Peggy (March 22, 2018). Trump Launches Action Toward Imposing Tariffs Against Chinese Imports. Voice of America. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

[262] Herman, Steve (March 22, 2018). Trump Takes Action on Chinese Imports. Voice of America. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

[263] Moons, Michelle (March 22, 2018). Trump Touts ‘Major’ Trade Negotiations with China While Signing 301 Action for ‘Reciprocal Trade’. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 22, 2018.

[47] Multiple references:
Chamberlain, Samuel (April 3, 2018). US proposes extra tariffs on $50B in Chinese products to protest tech theft. Fox News. Retrieved April 3, 2018.

Davis, Bob; Zumbrun, Josh; Wei, Lingling (April 3, 2018). U.S. Announces Tariffs on $50 Billion of China Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2018.

Lawder, David (April 3, 2018). U.S. escalates China trade showdown with tariffs on $50 billion in imports. Reuters. Retrieved April 3, 2018.

Carney, John (April 4, 2018). Trump Administration Unveils Tariffs on $50 Billion of Chinese Imports. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

Miller, S.A. (April 3, 2018). Trump hits China with tariffs on 1,300 products. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

Higgins, Sean (April 3, 2018). White House tariffs target vehicles, metals, health products from China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

US Unveils Tariffs on $50 Billion Worth of Chinese Imports. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). Retrieved April 5, 2018.
See also:
Carney, John (April 4, 2018). Anti-Trump Narrative Fails As Stocks Shrug Off Trade War Talk. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

[265] Chamberlain, Samuel (April 3, 2018). US proposes extra tariffs on $50B in Chinese products to protest tech theft. Fox News. Retrieved April 3, 2018.

[266] Davis, Bob; Zumbrun, Josh; Wei, Lingling (April 3, 2018). U.S. Announces Tariffs on $50 Billion of China Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2018.

[267] Lawder, David (April 3, 2018). U.S. escalates China trade showdown with tariffs on $50 billion in imports. Reuters. Retrieved April 3, 2018.

[268] Carney, John (April 4, 2018). Trump Administration Unveils Tariffs on $50 Billion of Chinese Imports. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

[269] Miller, S.A. (April 3, 2018). Trump hits China with tariffs on 1,300 products. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

[270] Higgins, Sean (April 3, 2018). White House tariffs target vehicles, metals, health products from China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

[271] US Unveils Tariffs on $50 Billion Worth of Chinese Imports. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). Retrieved April 5, 2018.

[272] Carney, John (April 4, 2018). Anti-Trump Narrative Fails As Stocks Shrug Off Trade War Talk. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

[48] Multiple references:
Dedaj, Paulina (April 5, 2018). Trump calls for consideration of $100B in new tariffs against China. Fox News. Retrieved April 5, 2018.

Spiering, Charlie (April 5, 2018). Donald Trump Threatens $100 Billion More Tariffs Against China. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 5, 2018.

Boyer, Dave (April 5, 2018). Trump orders review of $100 billion more in tariffs on China. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 5, 2018.

Fabian, Jordan; Manchester, Julia (April 5, 2018). Trump orders officials to look at $100 billion in new Chinese tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved April 5, 2018.

Trump proposes $100 billion more in new tariffs on China. Reuters. Retrieved April 5, 2018.

Trump Proposes $100 Billion More in Tariffs on China. Voice of America (from Reuters). Retrieved April 5, 2018.

[274] Dedaj, Paulina (April 5, 2018). Trump calls for consideration of $100B in new tariffs against China. Fox News. Retrieved April 5, 2018.

[275] Spiering, Charlie (April 5, 2018). Donald Trump Threatens $100 Billion More Tariffs Against China. Breitbart News. Retrieved April 5, 2018.

[276] Boyer, Dave (April 5, 2018). Trump orders review of $100 billion more in tariffs on China. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 5, 2018.

[277] Fabian, Jordan; Manchester, Julia (April 5, 2018). Trump orders officials to look at $100 billion in new Chinese tariffs. The Hill. Retrieved April 5, 2018.

[278] Trump proposes $100 billion more in new tariffs on China. Reuters. Retrieved April 5, 2018.

[279] Trump Proposes $100 Billion More in Tariffs on China. Voice of America (from Reuters). Retrieved April 5, 2018.

[49] Multiple references:
Trump renews plan to impose tariffs on $50B of Chinese goods. Fox News (from the Associated Press). Retrieved May 29, 2018.

Mauldin, William; Wei, Lingling (May 29, 2018). U.S. Moves Ahead on China Trade Curbs, Catching Beijing Off Guard. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

Moons, Michelle (May 29, 2018). U.S. Levies Tariff on $50 Billion in Chinese Tech Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

U.S. to continue trade actions against China: White House. Reuters. May 29, 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

Needham, Vicki (May 29, 2018). White House move raises trade tensions with China. The Hill. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

Bowden, John (May 29, 2018). Trump moves forward with tech limits, tariffs ahead of China trade meeting. The Hill. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

Chang, Peggy (May 29, 2018). Trump to Impose Tariffs on $50B of China's Tech Goods. Voice of America. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

[281] Trump renews plan to impose tariffs on $50B of Chinese goods. Fox News (from the Associated Press). Retrieved May 29, 2018.

[282] Mauldin, William; Wei, Lingling (May 29, 2018). U.S. Moves Ahead on China Trade Curbs, Catching Beijing Off Guard. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

[283] Moons, Michelle (May 29, 2018). U.S. Levies Tariff on $50 Billion in Chinese Tech Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

[284] U.S. to continue trade actions against China: White House. Reuters. May 29, 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

[285] Needham, Vicki (May 29, 2018). White House move raises trade tensions with China. The Hill. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

[286] Bowden, John (May 29, 2018). Trump moves forward with tech limits, tariffs ahead of China trade meeting. The Hill. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

[287] Chang, Peggy (May 29, 2018). Trump to Impose Tariffs on $50B of China's Tech Goods. Voice of America. Retrieved May 29, 2018.

[50] Multiple references:
Spiering, Charlie (June 15, 2018). Donald Trump Announces 25 Percent Tariff on Chinese Goods and Technology. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

Miller, S.A. (June 15, 2018). Trump tariffs hit $50 billion of Chinese goods. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

Adelmann, Bob (June 15, 2018). Trump Slaps Tariffs on $50 Billion of Chinese Goods. The New American. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

Needham, Vicki; Greenwood, Max (June 15, 2018). Trump announces tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

Fritze, John (June 15, 2018). Trump slaps steep tariffs on hundreds of Chinese products. USA Today. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

Lawder, David; Blanchard, Ben (June 15, 2018). Trump sets tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods; Beijing strikes back. Reuters. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

Wiseman, Paul; Thomas, Ken (June 15, 2018). A trade war looms as Trump slaps tariffs on Chinese imports. Associated Press. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
China retaliated to President Trump's tariffs:
Moons, Michelle (June 15, 2018). China Retaliates Against U.S. Tariffs with ‘Equal Scale’ Tax Measures. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

Klingel, Leia (June 15, 2018). China retaliates against Trump's $50B in tariffs, slaps tariffs worth as much on US goods. Fox Business. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

Davis, Bob; Salama, Vivian; Wei, Lingling (June 15, 2018). China Issues Retaliatory Tariffs as Trade Fight Heats Up. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[289] Spiering, Charlie (June 15, 2018). Donald Trump Announces 25 Percent Tariff on Chinese Goods and Technology. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[290] Miller, S.A. (June 15, 2018). Trump tariffs hit $50 billion of Chinese goods. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[291] Adelmann, Bob (June 15, 2018). Trump Slaps Tariffs on $50 Billion of Chinese Goods. The New American. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[292] Needham, Vicki; Greenwood, Max (June 15, 2018). Trump announces tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[293] Fritze, John (June 15, 2018). Trump slaps steep tariffs on hundreds of Chinese products. USA Today. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[294] Lawder, David; Blanchard, Ben (June 15, 2018). Trump sets tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods; Beijing strikes back. Reuters. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[295] Wiseman, Paul; Thomas, Ken (June 15, 2018). A trade war looms as Trump slaps tariffs on Chinese imports. Associated Press. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[296] Moons, Michelle (June 15, 2018). China Retaliates Against U.S. Tariffs with ‘Equal Scale’ Tax Measures. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[297] Klingel, Leia (June 15, 2018). China retaliates against Trump's $50B in tariffs, slaps tariffs worth as much on US goods. Fox Business. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[298] Davis, Bob; Salama, Vivian; Wei, Lingling (June 15, 2018). China Issues Retaliatory Tariffs as Trade Fight Heats Up. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 15, 2018.

[51] Multiple references:
Boyer, Dave (June 18, 2018). Trump threatens more tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese exports. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

Rocco, Matthew (June 18, 2018). Trump threatens to slap China with $200 billion in new tariffs. Fox Business. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

Moons, Michelle (June 18, 2018). Trump Orders Up to $400B in Tariffs if China Does Not Change Trade Practices. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

Needham, Vicki; Samuels, Brett (June 18, 2018). Trump calls for tariffs on additional $200B in Chinese goods as trade war ramps up. The Hill. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

Mauldin, William (June 18, 2018). Donald Trump Threatens New Tariffs on $200 Billion in China Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

Fritze, John (June 18, 2018). Trump threatens to slap new tariffs on $200 billion in Chinese goods. USA Today. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

Correll, Diana Stancy (June 18, 2018). Trump ratchets up trade war on China, vows tariffs on $200 billion worth of goods. Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
See also:
Martina, Michael; Beech, Eric (June 18, 2018). China slams U.S. 'blackmailing' as Trump issues new trade threat. Reuters. June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.

[300] Boyer, Dave (June 18, 2018). Trump threatens more tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese exports. The Washington Times. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

[301] Rocco, Matthew (June 18, 2018). Trump threatens to slap China with $200 billion in new tariffs. Fox Business. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

[302] Moons, Michelle (June 18, 2018). Trump Orders Up to $400B in Tariffs if China Does Not Change Trade Practices. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

[303] Needham, Vicki; Samuels, Brett (June 18, 2018). Trump calls for tariffs on additional $200B in Chinese goods as trade war ramps up. The Hill. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

[304] Mauldin, William (June 18, 2018). Donald Trump Threatens New Tariffs on $200 Billion in China Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

[305] Fritze, John (June 18, 2018). Trump threatens to slap new tariffs on $200 billion in Chinese goods. USA Today. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

[306] Correll, Diana Stancy (June 18, 2018). Trump ratchets up trade war on China, vows tariffs on $200 billion worth of goods. Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 18, 2018.

[307] Martina, Michael; Beech, Eric (June 18, 2018). China slams U.S. 'blackmailing' as Trump issues new trade threat. Reuters. June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.

[52] Multiple references:
Chamberlain, Samuel (July 10, 2018). US prepares to impose new tariffs on additional $200B worth of Chinese goods. Fox News. Retrieved July 10, 2018.

Bowden, John (July 10, 2018). White House announces additional $200B in tariffs targeting China. The Hill. Retrieved July 10, 2018.

Davis, Bob (July 10, 2018). U.S. Unveils Additional Tariffs on $200 Billion More in Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 10, 2018.

Carney, John (July 11, 2018). Trump Administration Announces New Tariffs on $200 Billion of China Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 11, 2018.

Boyer, Dave (July 10, 2018). Trump readies $200 billion in new tariffs as China trade war escalates. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 10, 2018.

Higgins, Sean (July 10, 2018). Trump administration details $200B in new tariffs on China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 1, 2018.

Wiseman, Paul (July 10, 2018). US proposes tariffs on $200 billion more in Chinese imports. Associated Press. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
China's reaction:
China 'shocked' by US actions in trade dispute. BBC News. July 11, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.

Beech, Eric; Glenn, Elias (July 10, 2018). China says will hit back after U.S. proposes fresh tariffs on $200 billion in goods. Reuters. Retrieved July 10, 2018.

McDonald, Joe (July 11, 2018). China vows retaliation for $200 billion US tariff threat. Associated Press. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
See also:
Schlesinger, Jacob M. (July 11, 2018). This Time Around, Chinese Consumer Products Would Face Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 11, 2018.

[309] Chamberlain, Samuel (July 10, 2018). US prepares to impose new tariffs on additional $200B worth of Chinese goods. Fox News. Retrieved July 10, 2018.

[310] Bowden, John (July 10, 2018). White House announces additional $200B in tariffs targeting China. The Hill. Retrieved July 10, 2018.

[311] Davis, Bob (July 10, 2018). U.S. Unveils Additional Tariffs on $200 Billion More in Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 10, 2018.

[312] Carney, John (July 11, 2018). Trump Administration Announces New Tariffs on $200 Billion of China Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 11, 2018.

[313] Boyer, Dave (July 10, 2018). Trump readies $200 billion in new tariffs as China trade war escalates. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 10, 2018.

[314] Higgins, Sean (July 10, 2018). Trump administration details $200B in new tariffs on China. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 1, 2018.

[315] Wiseman, Paul (July 10, 2018). US proposes tariffs on $200 billion more in Chinese imports. Associated Press. Retrieved July 10, 2018.

[316] China 'shocked' by US actions in trade dispute. BBC News. July 11, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.

[317] Beech, Eric; Glenn, Elias (July 10, 2018). China says will hit back after U.S. proposes fresh tariffs on $200 billion in goods. Reuters. Retrieved July 10, 2018.

[318] McDonald, Joe (July 11, 2018). China vows retaliation for $200 billion US tariff threat. Associated Press. Retrieved July 11, 2018.

[319] Schlesinger, Jacob M. (July 11, 2018). This Time Around, Chinese Consumer Products Would Face Tariffs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 11, 2018.

[53] Multiple references:
Martin, Ken (July 6, 2018). Tariffs on Chinese goods now in effect. Fox Business. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (July 6, 2018). U.S., China Dig In for Long Trade War as Tariffs Take Effect. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

Trump Tariffs Take Effect; China Retaliates. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

Needham, Vicki (July 6, 2018). Trump's trade war with China shifts into high gear Friday. The Hill. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

Williams, Joe; Langford, James (July 6, 2018). Trump's trade war escalates as tariffs slam Chinese imports. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

McDonald, Joe; Wiseman, Paul; Superville, Darlene (July 6, 2018). U.S. tariffs take effect; China announces retaliation. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved July 6, 2018.
China announced it would retaliate with its own additional tariffs:
Lieu, Amy (July 6, 2018). China hits back after U.S. imposes tariffs on $34B in Chinese imports. Fox News. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

Hjelmgaard, Kim (July 6, 2018). Trump launches $34 billion trade war and China 'immediately' fires back. USA Today. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

Martina, Michael; Lawder, David (July 5, 2018). As tariffs strike, China blames U.S. for 'largest-scale trade war'. Reuters. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

Hayward, John (July 5, 2018). China: U.S. ‘Opening Fire on the Entire World’ with Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
The USTR's "'exclusion' process" from the tariffs:
Davis, Bob (July 6, 2018). U.S. Trade Representative Announces ‘Exclusion’ Process for Products Hit by U.S. Tariffs on China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

USTR sets 90-day deadline for China tariff exclusion requests. Reuters. July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
See also:
Miller, S.A. (July 5, 2018). Not backing down: Trump readies more tariffs on China. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

Moons, Michelle (July 5, 2018). Trump Confirms $34B Tariffs on China, Possible $516B More. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

Lawder, David; Glenn, Elias (July 4, 2018). Trump says U.S. tariffs could be applied to Chinese goods worth $500 billion. Reuters. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

Byas, Steve (July 6, 2018). Will U.S. Come Out on Top in U.S.-China Trade War? The New American. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[321] Martin, Ken (July 6, 2018). Tariffs on Chinese goods now in effect. Fox Business. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[322] Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (July 6, 2018). U.S., China Dig In for Long Trade War as Tariffs Take Effect. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[323] Trump Tariffs Take Effect; China Retaliates. Voice of America (from the Associated Press). July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[324] Needham, Vicki (July 6, 2018). Trump's trade war with China shifts into high gear Friday. The Hill. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[325] Williams, Joe; Langford, James (July 6, 2018). Trump's trade war escalates as tariffs slam Chinese imports. Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[326] McDonald, Joe; Wiseman, Paul; Superville, Darlene (July 6, 2018). U.S. tariffs take effect; China announces retaliation. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[327] Lieu, Amy (July 6, 2018). China hits back after U.S. imposes tariffs on $34B in Chinese imports. Fox News. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[328] Hjelmgaard, Kim (July 6, 2018). Trump launches $34 billion trade war and China 'immediately' fires back. USA Today. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[329] Martina, Michael; Lawder, David (July 5, 2018). As tariffs strike, China blames U.S. for 'largest-scale trade war'. Reuters. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[330] Hayward, John (July 5, 2018). China: U.S. ‘Opening Fire on the Entire World’ with Tariffs. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[331] Davis, Bob (July 6, 2018). U.S. Trade Representative Announces ‘Exclusion’ Process for Products Hit by U.S. Tariffs on China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[332] USTR sets 90-day deadline for China tariff exclusion requests. Reuters. July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 7, 2018.

[333] Miller, S.A. (July 5, 2018). Not backing down: Trump readies more tariffs on China. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[334] Moons, Michelle (July 5, 2018). Trump Confirms $34B Tariffs on China, Possible $516B More. Breitbart News. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[335] Lawder, David; Glenn, Elias (July 4, 2018). Trump says U.S. tariffs could be applied to Chinese goods worth $500 billion. Reuters. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[336] Byas, Steve (July 6, 2018). Will U.S. Come Out on Top in U.S.-China Trade War? The New American. Retrieved July 6, 2018.

[54] Multiple references:
Dedaj, Paulina (August 1, 2018). Trump asks trade rep to consider boosting tariffs on Chinese imports from 10 percent to 25. Fox News. Retrieved August 1, 2018.

Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (August 1, 2018). U.S. Turns Up the Heat on China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 1, 2018.

Carney, John (August 1, 2018). White House Plans 25% Tariffs on China. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 1, 2018.

Lawder, David; Blanchard, Ben (August 1, 2018). Trump administration adds to China trade pressure with higher tariff plan. Reuters. Retrieved August 1, 2018.

Fritze, John (August 1, 2018). Donald Trump threatens billions more in China trade tariffs; Beijing says it won't respond to U.S. 'blackmail'. USA Today. Retrieved August 1, 2018.

[338] Dedaj, Paulina (August 1, 2018). Trump asks trade rep to consider boosting tariffs on Chinese imports from 10 percent to 25. Fox News. Retrieved August 1, 2018.

[339] Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (August 1, 2018). U.S. Turns Up the Heat on China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 1, 2018.

[340] Carney, John (August 1, 2018). White House Plans 25% Tariffs on China. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 1, 2018.

[341] Lawder, David; Blanchard, Ben (August 1, 2018). Trump administration adds to China trade pressure with higher tariff plan. Reuters. Retrieved August 1, 2018.

[342] Fritze, John (August 1, 2018). Donald Trump threatens billions more in China trade tariffs; Beijing says it won't respond to U.S. 'blackmail'. USA Today. Retrieved August 1, 2018.

[55] Multiple references:
Moons, Michelle (August 7, 2018). Trump Slaps New Tariffs on $16 Billion of Chinese Imports. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

Schlesinger, Jacob M. (August 7, 2018). U.S. to Impose Tariffs on Another $16 Billion in Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

Rocco, Matthew (August 7, 2018). Trump administration finalizes tariffs on $16 billion in Chinese goods. Fox Business. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

Elis, Niv (August 7, 2018). Trump to hit China with $16B in tariffs on Aug. 23. The Hill. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

Lawder, David (August 7, 2018). U.S. finalizes next China tariff list targeting $16 billion in imports. Reuters. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

Collins, Michael (August 7, 2018). Trump escalates trade war with 25 percent tariffs on another $16 billion in Chinese goods. USA Today. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
China's reaction:
Carney, John (August 8, 2018). China Strikes Back! Promises to Retaliate with $16 Billion in New Tariffs on U.S. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

Muñoz, Gabriella (August 8, 2018). China slaps U.S. with 25% retaliatory tariff on $16 billion worth of goods. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

China to slap additional tariffs on $16 billion worth of U.S. goods. Reuters. August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

Kubota, Yoko (August 8, 2018). China Retaliates With New Tariffs, Hunkering Down for a Long Trade Fight. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 9, 2018.

Yap, Chuin-Wei (August 9, 2018). China’s Tariff Turnaround: U.S. Crude Oil Drops Off the Target List. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 9, 2018.

[344] Moons, Michelle (August 7, 2018). Trump Slaps New Tariffs on $16 Billion of Chinese Imports. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

[345] Schlesinger, Jacob M. (August 7, 2018). U.S. to Impose Tariffs on Another $16 Billion in Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

[346] Rocco, Matthew (August 7, 2018). Trump administration finalizes tariffs on $16 billion in Chinese goods. Fox Business. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

[347] Elis, Niv (August 7, 2018). Trump to hit China with $16B in tariffs on Aug. 23. The Hill. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

[348] Lawder, David (August 7, 2018). U.S. finalizes next China tariff list targeting $16 billion in imports. Reuters. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

[349] Collins, Michael (August 7, 2018). Trump escalates trade war with 25 percent tariffs on another $16 billion in Chinese goods. USA Today. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

[350] Carney, John (August 8, 2018). China Strikes Back! Promises to Retaliate with $16 Billion in New Tariffs on U.S. Breitbart News. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

[351] Muñoz, Gabriella (August 8, 2018). China slaps U.S. with 25% retaliatory tariff on $16 billion worth of goods. The Washington Times. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

[352] China to slap additional tariffs on $16 billion worth of U.S. goods. Reuters. August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.

[353] Kubota, Yoko (August 8, 2018). China Retaliates With New Tariffs, Hunkering Down for a Long Trade Fight. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 9, 2018.

[354] Yap, Chuin-Wei (August 9, 2018). China’s Tariff Turnaround: U.S. Crude Oil Drops Off the Target List. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 9, 2018.

[56] Multiple references:
Needham, Vicki (August 23, 2018). US implements $16B in tariffs on Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

Martin, Ken (August 23, 2018). US, China impose new round of tariffs. Fox Business. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

China, U.S. Fire Off New Tariffs in Middle of Trade Talks. The Wall Street Journal. August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

Collins, Michael (August 23, 2018). U.S., China impose fresh round of tariffs as escalating trade war shows no signs of ending. USA Today. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

Brokaw, Sommer (August 23, 2018). New U.S. tariffs kick in for Chinese goods; Beijing retaliates. UPI. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

Martina, Michael; Lawder, David (August 22, 2018). U.S.-China talks on trade war resume as new tariffs kick in. Reuters. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

[356] Needham, Vicki (August 23, 2018). US implements $16B in tariffs on Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

[357] Martin, Ken (August 23, 2018). US, China impose new round of tariffs. Fox Business. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

[358] China, U.S. Fire Off New Tariffs in Middle of Trade Talks. The Wall Street Journal. August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

[359] Collins, Michael (August 23, 2018). U.S., China impose fresh round of tariffs as escalating trade war shows no signs of ending. USA Today. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

[360] Brokaw, Sommer (August 23, 2018). New U.S. tariffs kick in for Chinese goods; Beijing retaliates. UPI. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

[361] Martina, Michael; Lawder, David (August 22, 2018). U.S.-China talks on trade war resume as new tariffs kick in. Reuters. Retrieved August 23, 2018.

[57] Multiple references:
Chamberlain, Samuel (September 17, 2018). Trump imposes tariffs on additional $200B of Chinese goods. Fox News. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

Moons, Michelle (September 17, 2018). Trump Issues More Tariffs on $200 Billion in Chinese Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

Miller, S.A. (September 17, 2018). Trump announces new tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese imports. The Washington Times. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Salama, Vivian (September 17, 2018). Trump Announces New Tariffs on Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

Adelmann, Bob (September 18, 2018). Trump Puts Tariffs on Another $200B of Chinese Imports; China Retaliates. The New American. Retrieved September 18, 2018.

Needham, Vicki (September 17, 2018). Trump announces tariffs on $200B in Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

Lawder, David; Mason, Jeff (September 17, 2018). Trump slaps tariffs on $200 billion in Chinese goods, spares some consumer tech. Reuters. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
China's response to the tariffs:
Moons, Michelle (September 18, 2018). China Retaliates! Levies Tariffs on $60B in U.S. Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 18, 2018.

Wei, Lingling; Schlesinger, Jacob M. (September 19, 2018). China Retaliates With Tariffs on $60 Billion of U.S. Goods. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
See also:
Carney, John (September 18, 2018). Stocks Jump Higher as Trump Escalates Trade War. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 18, 2018.

Bradsher, Keith (September 18, 2018). China Once Looked Tough on Trade. Now Its Options Are Dwindling. The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2018.

Chang, Gordon G. (September 17, 2018). Gordon Chang: Trump's latest China tariffs are the right thing to do. Fox News. Retrieved October 8, 2019.

[363] Chamberlain, Samuel (September 17, 2018). Trump imposes tariffs on additional $200B of Chinese goods. Fox News. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

[364] Moons, Michelle (September 17, 2018). Trump Issues More Tariffs on $200 Billion in Chinese Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

[365] Miller, S.A. (September 17, 2018). Trump announces new tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese imports. The Washington Times. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

[366] Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Salama, Vivian (September 17, 2018). Trump Announces New Tariffs on Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

[367] Adelmann, Bob (September 18, 2018). Trump Puts Tariffs on Another $200B of Chinese Imports; China Retaliates. The New American. Retrieved September 18, 2018.

[368] Needham, Vicki (September 17, 2018). Trump announces tariffs on $200B in Chinese goods. The Hill. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

[369] Lawder, David; Mason, Jeff (September 17, 2018). Trump slaps tariffs on $200 billion in Chinese goods, spares some consumer tech. Reuters. Retrieved September 17, 2018.

[370] Moons, Michelle (September 18, 2018). China Retaliates! Levies Tariffs on $60B in U.S. Goods. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 18, 2018.

[371] Wei, Lingling; Schlesinger, Jacob M. (September 19, 2018). China Retaliates With Tariffs on $60 Billion of U.S. Goods. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 19, 2018.

[372] Carney, John (September 18, 2018). Stocks Jump Higher as Trump Escalates Trade War. Breitbart News. Retrieved September 18, 2018.

[373] Bradsher, Keith (September 18, 2018). China Once Looked Tough on Trade. Now Its Options Are Dwindling. The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2018.

[374] Chang, Gordon G. (September 17, 2018). Gordon Chang: Trump's latest China tariffs are the right thing to do. Fox News. Retrieved October 8, 2019.

[58] Multiple references:
Casiano, Louis (December 2, 2018). US, China agree to 90-day truce to hash out trade differences. Fox News. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

Wong, Kristina (December 1, 2018). Trump to Hold Off on Tariff Hikes Against China, Negotiations Continue. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

Wiseman, Paul; Miller, Zeke; Lucey, Catherine (December 2, 2018). U.S., China reach 90-day cease fire in trade dispute. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved December 2, 2018.

Bowden, John (December 1, 2018). Trump, Xi agree to 90-day tariff pause citing progress on trade disputes. The Hill. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

Wei, Lingling; Davis, Bob; Leary, Alex (December 2, 2018). U.S., China Reach a Truce on Trade. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

Adelmann, Bob (December 3, 2018). 90-Day Truce Called in U.S.-China Trade Dispute. The New American. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
However, some critics of China were concerned about this action:
Carney, John (December 2, 2018). Buenos Aires Trade Truce Seen as a ‘Trap’ and a ‘Disaster’ by China Hawks. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
See also:
Areddy, James T.; Jun, Kwanwoo (December 2, 2018). Tariff Truce With China Eases ‘Cold War’ Fears. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

Miller, S.A. (December 2, 2018). Trump's China trade truce cheered by U.S. business leaders. The Washington Times. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

Spiering, Charlie (December 3, 2018). Donald Trump Spins 90 Day China Truce as ‘Big Leap Forward’. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 3, 2018.

McDonald, Joe (December 3, 2018). China gets US tariff delay but movement on tech unclear. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved December 3, 2018.

Kelly, Laura; Howell, Tom (December 3, 2018). 'Game changer': China agrees to crack down on fentanyl after pressure from Trump. The Washington Times. Retrieved December 3, 2018.

Adelmann, Bob (December 4, 2018). Improvements in China Trade Relations to Happen “Very Quickly” Says Top Trump Official. The New American. Retrieved December 4, 2018.

Salama, Vivian (December 4, 2018). Trump Team Set to Take Tough Stand in 90-Day Trade Talks With China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 5, 2018.

Stoll, John D. (December 8, 2018). Trump’s Tough China Tack Wins Over Skeptical CEOs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
Further developments:
Moons, Michelle (February 24, 2019). 5 Days to Tariffs — President Donald Trump Extends Deadline After China Trade Talks. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

Chamberlain, Samuel (February 24, 2019). Trump delays China tariff hike, announces Xi summit, citing 'substantial progress' in trade talks. Fox News. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (February 24, 2019). Trump to Delay Tariff Increases on Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

Carney, John (February 24, 2019). Many China Hawks Okay with Tariff Delay. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

Higgins, Sean (March 1, 2019). Trump administration 'postponing' China tariff hikes indefinitely. Washington Examiner. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

U.S. Trade Representative issues notice on delay of China tariff increase. Reuters. March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

[376] Casiano, Louis (December 2, 2018). US, China agree to 90-day truce to hash out trade differences. Fox News. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

[377] Wong, Kristina (December 1, 2018). Trump to Hold Off on Tariff Hikes Against China, Negotiations Continue. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

[378] Wiseman, Paul; Miller, Zeke; Lucey, Catherine (December 2, 2018). U.S., China reach 90-day cease fire in trade dispute. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved December 2, 2018.

[379] Bowden, John (December 1, 2018). Trump, Xi agree to 90-day tariff pause citing progress on trade disputes. The Hill. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

[380] Wei, Lingling; Davis, Bob; Leary, Alex (December 2, 2018). U.S., China Reach a Truce on Trade. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

[381] Adelmann, Bob (December 3, 2018). 90-Day Truce Called in U.S.-China Trade Dispute. The New American. Retrieved December 3, 2018.

[382] Carney, John (December 2, 2018). Buenos Aires Trade Truce Seen as a ‘Trap’ and a ‘Disaster’ by China Hawks. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 3, 2018.

[383] Areddy, James T.; Jun, Kwanwoo (December 2, 2018). Tariff Truce With China Eases ‘Cold War’ Fears. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

[384] Miller, S.A. (December 2, 2018). Trump's China trade truce cheered by U.S. business leaders. The Washington Times. Retrieved December 2, 2018.

[385] Spiering, Charlie (December 3, 2018). Donald Trump Spins 90 Day China Truce as ‘Big Leap Forward’. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 3, 2018.

[386] McDonald, Joe (December 3, 2018). China gets US tariff delay but movement on tech unclear. The Washington Times (from the Associated Press). Retrieved December 3, 2018.

[387] Kelly, Laura; Howell, Tom (December 3, 2018). 'Game changer': China agrees to crack down on fentanyl after pressure from Trump. The Washington Times. Retrieved December 3, 2018.

[388] Adelmann, Bob (December 4, 2018). Improvements in China Trade Relations to Happen “Very Quickly” Says Top Trump Official. The New American. Retrieved December 4, 2018.

[389] Salama, Vivian (December 4, 2018). Trump Team Set to Take Tough Stand in 90-Day Trade Talks With China. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 5, 2018.

[390] Stoll, John D. (December 8, 2018). Trump’s Tough China Tack Wins Over Skeptical CEOs. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 9, 2018.

[391] Moons, Michelle (February 24, 2019). 5 Days to Tariffs — President Donald Trump Extends Deadline After China Trade Talks. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

[392] Chamberlain, Samuel (February 24, 2019). Trump delays China tariff hike, announces Xi summit, citing 'substantial progress' in trade talks. Fox News. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

[393] Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (February 24, 2019). Trump to Delay Tariff Increases on Chinese Imports. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

[394] Carney, John (February 24, 2019). Many China Hawks Okay with Tariff Delay. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

[395] Higgins, Sean (March 1, 2019). Trump administration 'postponing' China tariff hikes indefinitely. Washington Examiner. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

[396] U.S. Trade Representative issues notice on delay of China tariff increase. Reuters. March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

[ChinaTariffsMay2019-59] 59.0 ^59.1 Multiple references:
Carney, John (May 10, 2019). China Tariffs Rise to 25% Even While Trade Talks Persist. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Higgins, Sean (May 10, 2019). Trump hikes tariffs on Chinese goods as trade talks resume. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Howell, Tom (May 10, 2019). Trump hikes tariffs on Chinese imports. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Axelrod, Tal (May 10, 2019). US tariff hike takes effect, China vows retaliation. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Davis, Bob; Zumbrun, Josh (May 10, 2019). U.S. Slaps Higher Tariffs on Chinese Imports as Trade Talks Resume. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Casiano, Louis (May 9, 2019). US to slap tariffs on $200B in Chinese goods, WH says, but trade talks to resume Friday. Fox News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Jackson, David; Collins, Michael; Fritze, John (May 9, 2019). Trump's 25% China tariffs begin as trade talks between two nations continue. USA Today. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Coote, Darryl; Sakelaris, Nicholas (May 10, 2019). U.S., Chinese negotiators end trade talks with no deal. UPI. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Pramuk, Jacob; Rosenfeld, Everett (May 10, 2019). US tariffs on China jump as deadline passes, China immediately says it will retaliate. CNBC. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
Subsequent statements by President Trump:
Singman, Brooke (May 10, 2019). Trump says Obama let China get away with 'murder,' touts tariffs as trade standoff heats up. Fox News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Axelrod, Tal (May 10, 2019). Trump defends tariffs: 'Will bring in FAR MORE wealth' than traditional deal. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Riechmann, Deb (May 10, 2019). Trump says China tariffs help, not hurt the US. Associated Press. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Trump Claims China Tariffs Help, Not Hurt US, Talks Still On. The Epoch Times (from the Associated Press). May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Mason, Jeff; Pamuk, Humeyra (May 9, 2019). Trump says talks with China to continue as trade war escalates. Reuters. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Politi, James; Mitchell, Tom; Liu, Nian; Lockett, Hudson; Shrikanth, Siddarth (May 10, 2019). Donald Trump signals tougher line after trade talks end. Financial Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Fabian, Jordan (May 10, 2019). Trump touts tariffs as China, US fail to reach trade deal. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Donnan, Shawn; Zhao, Yinan; Han, Miao (May 11, 2019). Trump Warns China to Act on U.S. Trade Deal or Face Worse Terms. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
President Trump pointed out that companies could avoid those tariffs by producing in the U.S.:
Siegel, Josh (May 11, 2019). Trump says companies should produce products in 'good old USA' to avoid tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

Trump to US companies: make products at home. Breitbart News (from AFP). May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

President Trump Urges Companies To Produce Domestically To Avoid Tariffs. One America News Network. May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

Trump Offers "Easy Way To Avoid Tariffs" - Make In Good Old USA. NDTV (from Agence France-Presse). May 12, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
Stocks rose the same day as the tariffs:
Carney, John (May 10, 2019). Stocks Jump After Trump Calls Latest Talks with China “Constructive”. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Lockett, Hudson (May 10, 2019). Stocks rise despite dashed hopes over US-China trade deal. Financial Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Troise, Damian J.; Veiga, Alex (May 10, 2019). Stocks rebound as hopes rise that trade tensions will ease. Associated Press. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
Trade talks between the U.S. and China held that day ended without a deal:
Davis, Bob (May 10, 2019). U.S.-China Trade Talks End Without a Deal. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Wiseman, Paul; Freking, Kevin (May 10, 2019). US-China talks break up after US raises tariffs. Associated Press. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

He, Cathy (May 10, 2019). US-China Trade Talks Break up With No Deal After US Enacts Tariff Hike. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Casiano, Louis (May 11, 2019). US-China trade talks end with no deal, but Trump puts faith in 'strong' relationship with Xi. Fox News. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

Widakuswara, Patsy (May 10, 2019). US-China Trade Talks End with No Apparent Deal. Voice of America. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
See also:
Akan, Emel (May 13, 2019). New Tariffs Show Trump’s Determination to Squeeze China Over Trade. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 13, 2019.

Ellis, Curtis (May 10, 2019). What media won't tell you about Trump and China. WND. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

Carney, John (May 10, 2019). Carney: U.S. Consumers Will Not Suffer Even If Trump Raises Tariffs on All Chinese Imports. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Grant, Rebecca (May 10, 2019). Rebecca Grant: For Trump, the China trade war began long ago – and this is a war he’s determined not to lose. Fox News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Brady, Mark (May 10, 2019). Trump should walk if China refuses to change its ways. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Creitz, Charles (May 13, 2019). 'Trump, the clean-up man': Ingraham says president 'wisely using tariffs' to 'punish China'. Fox News. Retrieved May 13, 2019.

Hurt, Charles (May 15, 2019). The Nuclear Option: Trump Schools Beltway — Again — This Time on China. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 15, 2019.

Wong, Sue-Lin; Liu, Nicolle (May 10, 2019). Chinese companies caught off guard by sudden US shift on trade. Financial Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

Taplin, Nathaniel (May 10, 2019). More Tariffs Are Exactly What China Inc. Doesn’t Need. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

Hao, Nicole (May 10, 2019). Facing Uncertainty with US Trade Talks, China Checks on Grain Reserves to Ensure Enough Domestic Supply. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

Moore, Stephen (May 12, 2019). Why free-traders and all Americans should back Trump on China policy. The Hill. Retrieved May 12, 2019.

McDonald, Joe (May 12, 2019). Why tariff war threatens Beijing’s global economic ambitions. Associated Press. Retrieved May 12, 2019.

Finn, Tom (May 12, 2019). Chinese yuan falls to 2019 low on U.S.-China trade setback. Reuters. Retrieved May 13, 2019.

Liu, Luoyan (May 13, 2019). China stocks, yuan weaken as trade war escalates. Reuters. Retrieved May 14, 2019.

Wiseman, Paul; Crutsinger, Martin; Rugaber, Christopher (May 15, 2019). US, China trade conflict was 20 years in the making. Associated Press. Retrieved May 15, 2019.

Adelmann, Bob (May 16, 2019). Rhetoric Escalates in Trade War as Trump Targets Huawei. The New American. Retrieved May 16, 2019.

Batra, Ravi (May 30, 2019). Tariffs may make imports from China cheaper, not more expensive. The Hill. Retrieved May 30, 2019.

U.S. begins collecting higher tariffs on Chinese goods arriving by sea. Reuters. May 31, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.

Higgins, Sean (June 7, 2019). White House delays tariff hike on numerous Chinese products. Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 8, 2019.

Mauldin, William; Hughes, Siobhan (May 12, 2019). Broad Support for Trump’s China Fight Faces Test as Tariffs Escalate. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 14, 2020.

[398] Carney, John (May 10, 2019). China Tariffs Rise to 25% Even While Trade Talks Persist. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[399] Higgins, Sean (May 10, 2019). Trump hikes tariffs on Chinese goods as trade talks resume. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[400] Howell, Tom (May 10, 2019). Trump hikes tariffs on Chinese imports. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[401] Axelrod, Tal (May 10, 2019). US tariff hike takes effect, China vows retaliation. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[402] Davis, Bob; Zumbrun, Josh (May 10, 2019). U.S. Slaps Higher Tariffs on Chinese Imports as Trade Talks Resume. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[403] Casiano, Louis (May 9, 2019). US to slap tariffs on $200B in Chinese goods, WH says, but trade talks to resume Friday. Fox News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[404] Jackson, David; Collins, Michael; Fritze, John (May 9, 2019). Trump's 25% China tariffs begin as trade talks between two nations continue. USA Today. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[405] Coote, Darryl; Sakelaris, Nicholas (May 10, 2019). U.S., Chinese negotiators end trade talks with no deal. UPI. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[406] Pramuk, Jacob; Rosenfeld, Everett (May 10, 2019). US tariffs on China jump as deadline passes, China immediately says it will retaliate. CNBC. Retrieved May 12, 2019.

[407] Singman, Brooke (May 10, 2019). Trump says Obama let China get away with 'murder,' touts tariffs as trade standoff heats up. Fox News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[408] Axelrod, Tal (May 10, 2019). Trump defends tariffs: 'Will bring in FAR MORE wealth' than traditional deal. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[409] Riechmann, Deb (May 10, 2019). Trump says China tariffs help, not hurt the US. Associated Press. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[410] Trump Claims China Tariffs Help, Not Hurt US, Talks Still On. The Epoch Times (from the Associated Press). May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[411] Mason, Jeff; Pamuk, Humeyra (May 9, 2019). Trump says talks with China to continue as trade war escalates. Reuters. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[412] Politi, James; Mitchell, Tom; Liu, Nian; Lockett, Hudson; Shrikanth, Siddarth (May 10, 2019). Donald Trump signals tougher line after trade talks end. Financial Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[413] Fabian, Jordan (May 10, 2019). Trump touts tariffs as China, US fail to reach trade deal. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[414] Donnan, Shawn; Zhao, Yinan; Han, Miao (May 11, 2019). Trump Warns China to Act on U.S. Trade Deal or Face Worse Terms. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

[415] Siegel, Josh (May 11, 2019). Trump says companies should produce products in 'good old USA' to avoid tariffs. Washington Examiner. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

[416] Trump to US companies: make products at home. Breitbart News (from AFP). May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

[417] President Trump Urges Companies To Produce Domestically To Avoid Tariffs. One America News Network. May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

[418] Trump Offers "Easy Way To Avoid Tariffs" - Make In Good Old USA. NDTV (from Agence France-Presse). May 12, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019.

[419] Carney, John (May 10, 2019). Stocks Jump After Trump Calls Latest Talks with China “Constructive”. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[420] Lockett, Hudson (May 10, 2019). Stocks rise despite dashed hopes over US-China trade deal. Financial Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[421] Troise, Damian J.; Veiga, Alex (May 10, 2019). Stocks rebound as hopes rise that trade tensions will ease. Associated Press. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[422] Davis, Bob (May 10, 2019). U.S.-China Trade Talks End Without a Deal. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[423] Wiseman, Paul; Freking, Kevin (May 10, 2019). US-China talks break up after US raises tariffs. Associated Press. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[424] He, Cathy (May 10, 2019). US-China Trade Talks Break up With No Deal After US Enacts Tariff Hike. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[425] Casiano, Louis (May 11, 2019). US-China trade talks end with no deal, but Trump puts faith in 'strong' relationship with Xi. Fox News. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

[426] Widakuswara, Patsy (May 10, 2019). US-China Trade Talks End with No Apparent Deal. Voice of America. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

[427] Akan, Emel (May 13, 2019). New Tariffs Show Trump’s Determination to Squeeze China Over Trade. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 13, 2019.

[428] Ellis, Curtis (May 10, 2019). What media won't tell you about Trump and China. WND. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

[429] Carney, John (May 10, 2019). Carney: U.S. Consumers Will Not Suffer Even If Trump Raises Tariffs on All Chinese Imports. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[430] Grant, Rebecca (May 10, 2019). Rebecca Grant: For Trump, the China trade war began long ago – and this is a war he’s determined not to lose. Fox News. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[431] Brady, Mark (May 10, 2019). Trump should walk if China refuses to change its ways. The Hill. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[432] Creitz, Charles (May 13, 2019). 'Trump, the clean-up man': Ingraham says president 'wisely using tariffs' to 'punish China'. Fox News. Retrieved May 13, 2019.

[433] Hurt, Charles (May 15, 2019). The Nuclear Option: Trump Schools Beltway — Again — This Time on China. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 15, 2019.

[434] Wong, Sue-Lin; Liu, Nicolle (May 10, 2019). Chinese companies caught off guard by sudden US shift on trade. Financial Times. Retrieved May 10, 2019.

[435] Taplin, Nathaniel (May 10, 2019). More Tariffs Are Exactly What China Inc. Doesn’t Need. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

[436] Hao, Nicole (May 10, 2019). Facing Uncertainty with US Trade Talks, China Checks on Grain Reserves to Ensure Enough Domestic Supply. The Epoch Times. Retrieved May 11, 2019.

[437] Moore, Stephen (May 12, 2019). Why free-traders and all Americans should back Trump on China policy. The Hill. Retrieved May 12, 2019.

[438] McDonald, Joe (May 12, 2019). Why tariff war threatens Beijing’s global economic ambitions. Associated Press. Retrieved May 12, 2019.

[439] Finn, Tom (May 12, 2019). Chinese yuan falls to 2019 low on U.S.-China trade setback. Reuters. Retrieved May 13, 2019.

[440] Liu, Luoyan (May 13, 2019). China stocks, yuan weaken as trade war escalates. Reuters. Retrieved May 14, 2019.

[441] Wiseman, Paul; Crutsinger, Martin; Rugaber, Christopher (May 15, 2019). US, China trade conflict was 20 years in the making. Associated Press. Retrieved May 15, 2019.

[442] Adelmann, Bob (May 16, 2019). Rhetoric Escalates in Trade War as Trump Targets Huawei. The New American. Retrieved May 16, 2019.

[443] Batra, Ravi (May 30, 2019). Tariffs may make imports from China cheaper, not more expensive. The Hill. Retrieved May 30, 2019.

[444] U.S. begins collecting higher tariffs on Chinese goods arriving by sea. Reuters. May 31, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.

[445] Higgins, Sean (June 7, 2019). White House delays tariff hike on numerous Chinese products. Washington Examiner. Retrieved June 8, 2019.

[446] Mauldin, William; Hughes, Siobhan (May 12, 2019). Broad Support for Trump’s China Fight Faces Test as Tariffs Escalate. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 14, 2020.

[60] Multiple references:
Stone, Mike (April 19, 2018). Trump launches effort to boost U.S. weapons sales abroad. Reuters. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

Muñoz, Carlo (April 19, 2018). ‘Buy America’: Trump approves direct overseas sales of armed U.S. drones. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

Mehta, Aaron (April 19, 2018). Trump admin rolls out new rules for weapon, drone sales abroad. Defense News. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

Korte, Gregory (April 19, 2018). Hawking drones to U.S. allies, Trump loosens policy on arms sales to foreign countries. USA Today. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

Manson, Katrina (April 19, 2018). Trump relaxes conditions over sale of US killer drones. Financial Times. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

Olorunnipa, Toluse; Capaccio, Anthony (April 19, 2018). Trump Orders Agencies to Expedite and Expand Arms Sales Abroad. Bloomberg. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

McFarland, Susan (April 19, 2018). Trump cuts red tape in sales of armed drones. UPI. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

Sonne, Paul (April 19, 2018). Trump administration looks to encourage U.S. arms sales abroad, including drone exports. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
See also:
Muñoz, Carlo (April 19, 2018). White House releases new U.S. arms sales policy. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 22, 2018.

Spetalnick, Matt; Stone, Mike (April 17, 2018). Arming the world: Inside Trump's 'Buy American' drive to expand weapons exports. Reuters. Retrieved July 22, 2018.

Navarro, Peter (April 23, 2019). Peter Navarro: President Trump’s Conventional Arms Transfer policy is strengthening America and its allies. Fox News. Retrieved May 3, 2019.

[448] Stone, Mike (April 19, 2018). Trump launches effort to boost U.S. weapons sales abroad. Reuters. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[449] Muñoz, Carlo (April 19, 2018). ‘Buy America’: Trump approves direct overseas sales of armed U.S. drones. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[450] Mehta, Aaron (April 19, 2018). Trump admin rolls out new rules for weapon, drone sales abroad. Defense News. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[451] Korte, Gregory (April 19, 2018). Hawking drones to U.S. allies, Trump loosens policy on arms sales to foreign countries. USA Today. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[452] Manson, Katrina (April 19, 2018). Trump relaxes conditions over sale of US killer drones. Financial Times. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[453] Olorunnipa, Toluse; Capaccio, Anthony (April 19, 2018). Trump Orders Agencies to Expedite and Expand Arms Sales Abroad. Bloomberg. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[454] McFarland, Susan (April 19, 2018). Trump cuts red tape in sales of armed drones. UPI. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[455] Sonne, Paul (April 19, 2018). Trump administration looks to encourage U.S. arms sales abroad, including drone exports. The Washington Times. Retrieved April 21, 2018.

[456] Muñoz, Carlo (April 19, 2018). White House releases new U.S. arms sales policy. The Washington Times. Retrieved July 22, 2018.

[457] Spetalnick, Matt; Stone, Mike (April 17, 2018). Arming the world: Inside Trump's 'Buy American' drive to expand weapons exports. Reuters. Retrieved July 22, 2018.

[458] Navarro, Peter (April 23, 2019). Peter Navarro: President Trump’s Conventional Arms Transfer policy is strengthening America and its allies. Fox News. Retrieved May 3, 2019.

[61] Multiple references:
Mehta, Aaron (December 8, 2017). Here’s how Ellen Lord will reduce acquisition time by 50 percent. Defense News. Retrieved November 11, 2018.

Pentagon Using US Middlemen, Boilerplate Contracts to Speed Foreign Arms Sales. Sputnik. May 25, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
See also:
Mehta, Aaron (November 8, 2018). Here’s how the Trump administration plans to increase American weapon sales abroad. Defense News. Retrieved November 11, 2018.

[460] Mehta, Aaron (December 8, 2017). Here’s how Ellen Lord will reduce acquisition time by 50 percent. Defense News. Retrieved November 11, 2018.

[461] Pentagon Using US Middlemen, Boilerplate Contracts to Speed Foreign Arms Sales. Sputnik. May 25, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.

[462] Mehta, Aaron (November 8, 2018). Here’s how the Trump administration plans to increase American weapon sales abroad. Defense News. Retrieved November 11, 2018.

[62] Multiple references:
Wheeler, Lydia (May 15, 2018). Trump administration releases plan to shift gun export approvals. The Hill. Retrieved May 15, 2018.

Taylor, Guy (May 14, 2018). Trump move would make it easier for U.S. gun manufacturers to export firearms. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 15, 2018.

Mehta, Aaron (May 15, 2018). Selling guns abroad could get easier, thanks to the Trump administration. Defense News. Retrieved May 15, 2018.

[464] Wheeler, Lydia (May 15, 2018). Trump administration releases plan to shift gun export approvals. The Hill. Retrieved May 15, 2018.

[465] Taylor, Guy (May 14, 2018). Trump move would make it easier for U.S. gun manufacturers to export firearms. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 15, 2018.

[466] Mehta, Aaron (May 15, 2018). Selling guns abroad could get easier, thanks to the Trump administration. Defense News. Retrieved May 15, 2018.

[63] Multiple references:
Control of Firearms, Guns, Ammunition and Related Articles the President Determines No Longer Warrant Control Under the United States Munitions List (USML). Federal Register. May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.

International Traffic in Arms Regulations: U.S. Munitions List Categories I, II, and III. Federal Register. May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
See also:
Hsu, Tiffany; Ismay, John (May 23, 2018). A Bid to Increase Gun Exports, Stalled After Sandy Hook, Moves Ahead. The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2018.

Stone, Mike (May 25, 2018). Trump administration to publish proposed rule changes for gun exports: official. Reuters. Retrieved May 25, 2018.

De lea, Brittany (May 23, 2018). Trump administration ready to ease gun export policies. Fox Business. Retrieved May 25, 2018.

[468] Control of Firearms, Guns, Ammunition and Related Articles the President Determines No Longer Warrant Control Under the United States Munitions List (USML). Federal Register. May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.

[469] International Traffic in Arms Regulations: U.S. Munitions List Categories I, II, and III. Federal Register. May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.

[470] Hsu, Tiffany; Ismay, John (May 23, 2018). A Bid to Increase Gun Exports, Stalled After Sandy Hook, Moves Ahead. The New York Times. Retrieved May 25, 2018.

[471] Stone, Mike (May 25, 2018). Trump administration to publish proposed rule changes for gun exports: official. Reuters. Retrieved May 25, 2018.

[472] De lea, Brittany (May 23, 2018). Trump administration ready to ease gun export policies. Fox Business. Retrieved May 25, 2018.

[64] Multiple references:
Gould, Joe (July 16, 2018). Trump advances ‘Buy American’ arms sales plans. Defense News. Retrieved July 18, 2018.

Doubleday, Justin (July 16, 2018). White House approves action plan for new conventional arms transfer policy. Inside Defense. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
Conservative criticism of the policy:
Wolverton, Joe (July 17, 2018). Pres. Trump's Conventional Arms Transfer Policy Calls for Increased U.S. Global Military Presence. The New American. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
See also:
Linskey, Annie (June 23, 2018). Trump wants to make foreign arms sales easier. The Boston Globe. Retrieved July 18, 2018.

[474] Gould, Joe (July 16, 2018). Trump advances ‘Buy American’ arms sales plans. Defense News. Retrieved July 18, 2018.

[475] Doubleday, Justin (July 16, 2018). White House approves action plan for new conventional arms transfer policy. Inside Defense. Retrieved July 18, 2018.

[476] Wolverton, Joe (July 17, 2018). Pres. Trump's Conventional Arms Transfer Policy Calls for Increased U.S. Global Military Presence. The New American. Retrieved July 18, 2018.

[477] Linskey, Annie (June 23, 2018). Trump wants to make foreign arms sales easier. The Boston Globe. Retrieved July 18, 2018.

[NewGunExRules-65] 65.0 ^65.1 Multiple references:
Lederman, Josh (February 7, 2019). New Trump rules make it easier for U.S. gun makers to sell overseas. NBC News. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

Samuels, Brett (February 7, 2019). Trump administration eases export rules for US gun manufacturers: report. The Hill. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

Price, Emily (February 7, 2019). New Trump Rules Make it Easier for U.S. Gun Makers to Sell Overseas. Fortune. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

Fandos, Nicholas (January 31, 2019). Trump Administration Eases Regulations on Gun Exports, Raising Concerns. The New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
See also:
Bromund, Ted (January 30, 2019). No, Firearm Exports Aren't Being Decontrolled. Fortune. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

Stone, Mike; Shepardson, David (November 7, 2019). Exclusive: Trump administration moves closer to easing gun exports. Reuters. Retrieved November 7, 2019.

McBride, Courtney (November 12, 2019). Administration Plans to Ease Exports of U.S.-Made Firearms. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 12, 2019.

[479] Lederman, Josh (February 7, 2019). New Trump rules make it easier for U.S. gun makers to sell overseas. NBC News. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

[480] Samuels, Brett (February 7, 2019). Trump administration eases export rules for US gun manufacturers: report. The Hill. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

[481] Price, Emily (February 7, 2019). New Trump Rules Make it Easier for U.S. Gun Makers to Sell Overseas. Fortune. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

[482] Fandos, Nicholas (January 31, 2019). Trump Administration Eases Regulations on Gun Exports, Raising Concerns. The New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

[483] Bromund, Ted (January 30, 2019). No, Firearm Exports Aren't Being Decontrolled. Fortune. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

[484] Stone, Mike; Shepardson, David (November 7, 2019). Exclusive: Trump administration moves closer to easing gun exports. Reuters. Retrieved November 7, 2019.

[485] McBride, Courtney (November 12, 2019). Administration Plans to Ease Exports of U.S.-Made Firearms. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved November 12, 2019.

[66] Multiple references:
Josephs, Leslie (January 30, 2018). Under pressure from US airlines, Qatar Airways agrees to open its books. CNBC. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

Wadhams, Nick; Sasso, Michael (January 28, 2018). Qatar Agrees to Transparency to Resolve U.S. Airline Dispute. Bloomberg. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

Lederman, Josh (January 30, 2018). US, Qatar reach agreement on subsidy spat with airlines. Associated Press. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

Blackwell, Ken (January 29, 2018). Trump Strikes Major Victory on Trade: Brings Qatar to Table on Open Skies Agreement. CNS News. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

Martin, Jenny Beth (February 9, 2018). Here’s how Trump’s Open Skies deal with Qatar will help make America great again. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
See also:
Shelbourne, Mallory (January 30, 2018). Airline executives praise US agreement with Qatar over subsidies. The Hill. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

Klukowski, Ken (May 16, 2019). Exclusive: Document Reveals Obama Official Trying to Stop Trump Enforcing Air Trade Agreement. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 16, 2019.

[487] Josephs, Leslie (January 30, 2018). Under pressure from US airlines, Qatar Airways agrees to open its books. CNBC. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[488] Wadhams, Nick; Sasso, Michael (January 28, 2018). Qatar Agrees to Transparency to Resolve U.S. Airline Dispute. Bloomberg. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[489] Lederman, Josh (January 30, 2018). US, Qatar reach agreement on subsidy spat with airlines. Associated Press. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[490] Blackwell, Ken (January 29, 2018). Trump Strikes Major Victory on Trade: Brings Qatar to Table on Open Skies Agreement. CNS News. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[491] Martin, Jenny Beth (February 9, 2018). Here’s how Trump’s Open Skies deal with Qatar will help make America great again. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[492] Shelbourne, Mallory (January 30, 2018). Airline executives praise US agreement with Qatar over subsidies. The Hill. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[493] Klukowski, Ken (May 16, 2019). Exclusive: Document Reveals Obama Official Trying to Stop Trump Enforcing Air Trade Agreement. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 16, 2019.

[67] Multiple references:
Klukowski, Ken (May 11, 2018). Trump’s America First Agenda Wins Trade Dispute with United Arab Emirates. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

Greenwood, Max (May 11, 2018). US, UAE reach deal on Open Skies: report. The Hill. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

Burnley, James H. (May 17, 2018). A voice for the American worker. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

Blackwell, Ken (May 15, 2018). Another Trump Promise Fulfilled: Enforcing Trade Agreements. CNS News. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
Some mainstream media outlets disputed that the agreements benefited the U.S.:
A.W. (May 14, 2018). Airlines in America fail in their campaign against the Gulf carriers. The Economist. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

Nunes, Ashley (May 15, 2018). The U.S. and UAE resolved an air dispute. Or did they? The Washington Post. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
U.S. airlines reacted positively to the agreement:
Brokaw, Sommer (May 15, 2018). Delta plans more international flights after U.S.-Emirates deal. UPI. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

Benning, Tom (May 14, 2018). American Airlines praises Trump administration for striking deal in dispute with Gulf carriers. The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[495] Klukowski, Ken (May 11, 2018). Trump’s America First Agenda Wins Trade Dispute with United Arab Emirates. Breitbart News. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[496] Greenwood, Max (May 11, 2018). US, UAE reach deal on Open Skies: report. The Hill. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[497] Burnley, James H. (May 17, 2018). A voice for the American worker. The Washington Times. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[498] Blackwell, Ken (May 15, 2018). Another Trump Promise Fulfilled: Enforcing Trade Agreements. CNS News. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[499] A.W. (May 14, 2018). Airlines in America fail in their campaign against the Gulf carriers. The Economist. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[500] Nunes, Ashley (May 15, 2018). The U.S. and UAE resolved an air dispute. Or did they? The Washington Post. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

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Difference between revisions of "Donald Trump achievements: Trade policy"

Latest revision as of 02:02, June 4, 2021

Contents

2017

Executive actions, 2017

Proclamations, 2017

Other achievements, 2017

2018

Executive actions, 2018

Proclamations, 2018

Other achievements, 2018

2019

Executive actions, 2019

Proclamations, 2019

Other achievements, 2019

Setbacks, 2019

2020

Executive actions, 2020

Proclamations, 2020

Other achievements, 2020

Debatable, 2020

References

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@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==2017==
+[[File:Donald Trump trade orders, March 2017.jpg|thumb|250px|President Trump, along with trade advisor [[Peter Navarro]], Vice Preaident [[Mike Pence]], and Commerce Secretary [[Wilbur Ross]], prior to the signing of two trade orders, March 31, 2017]]
+President Trump began pursuing a conservative, [[Economic nationalism|economic nationalist]] trade policy, and he used trade as a point of leverage with other countries.<ref>Williams, Katie Bo (September 6, 2017). [https://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/349325-trump-turns-trade-into-bargaining-chip Trump turns trade into bargaining chip]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.<br>See also:
+*Miller, S.A. (August 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/aug/31/donald-trumps-trade-deal-tactics-scare-negotiators/ Trump's tough trade tactics have negotiators looking at options]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.</ref>
 ===Executive actions, 2017===
 *January 23, 2017—Trump signed an order that withdrew the United States from the globalist [[Trans-Pacific Partnership]].<ref>Multiple references:
-*Chakraborty, Barnini (January 23, 2017). [http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/23/trump-signs-executive-order-withdrawing-us-from-tpp-trade-deal.html Trump signs executive order withdrawing US from TPP trade deal]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
+*Chakraborty, Barnini (January 23, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/23/trump-signs-executive-order-withdrawing-us-from-tpp-trade-deal.html Trump signs executive order withdrawing US from TPP trade deal]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
-*Boyle, Matthew (January 23, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/01/23/president-trump-kills-tpp-executive-order-officially-withdrawing/ President Trump Kills TPP Once and for All with Executive Order Officially Withdrawing]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
+*Boyle, Matthew (January 23, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/01/23/president-trump-kills-tpp-executive-order-officially-withdrawing/ President Trump Kills TPP Once and for All with Executive Order Officially Withdrawing]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
+*Newman, Alex (January 23, 2017). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/25218-in-blow-to-globalism-trump-kills-monster-tpp-trade-regime In Blow to Globalism, Trump Withdraws From TPP “Trade” Regime]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
 *Miller, S.A. (January 23, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jan/23/trump-pull-out-trans-pacific-partnership/ Donald Trump keeps campaign promise to abandon Trans-Pacific Partnership]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
 *[https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-set-to-withdraw-from-pacific-rim-trade-deal/3687969.html Trump Withdraws US from 12-Nation Pacific Rim Trade Deal]. ''Voice of America''. January 24, 2017. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
 *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-executiveorders/trump-signs-order-withdrawing-u-s-from-trans-pacific-trade-deal-idUSKBN1572AF Trump signs order withdrawing U.S. from Trans-Pacific trade deal]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 29, 2017.</ref>
 *March 18, 2017—The Trump Administration forced the [[Group of Twenty|G-20]] to remove its opposition to [[protectionism]] and its support for [[free trade]] from its joint statement.<ref>Multiple references:
-*Scarry, Eddie (March 18, 2017). [http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-administration-rebuffs-free-trade-appeals-at-g-20-meeting/article/2617793 Trump administration rebuffs free trade appeals at G-20 meeting]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
+*Scarry, Eddie (March 18, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-administration-rebuffs-free-trade-appeals-at-g-20-meeting/article/2617793 Trump administration rebuffs free trade appeals at G-20 meeting]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
-*Koranyi, Balazs; Heller, Gernot (March 18, 2017). [http://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/2017/03/18/g20-financial-leaders-acquiesce-to-u-s-drop-free-trade-pledge.html G20 Financial Leaders Acquiesce to U.S., Drop Free Trade Pledge]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref>
+*Koranyi, Balazs; Heller, Gernot (March 18, 2017). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/2017/03/18/g20-financial-leaders-acquiesce-to-u-s-drop-free-trade-pledge.html G20 Financial Leaders Acquiesce to U.S., Drop Free Trade Pledge]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.</ref>
-*March 31, 2017—President Trump signed two orders. The first order instituted a crackdown on violations of anti-[[dumping]] laws and help to officials to collect penalties already owed to the U.S. The second order ordered a report by the [[United States Department of Commerce|Department of Commerce]] and the U.S. Trade Representative on the causes of the U.S. trade deficit due within 90 days.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/31/trump-signs-executive-orders-to-crack-down-on-trade-abuses-increase-enforcement.html Trump signs executive orders to crack down on trade abuses, increase enforcement]. ''Fox News''. March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2017.</ref><ref>Korte, Gregory (March 31, 2017). [http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/03/31/trump-executive-orders-target-trade-cheaters/99881390/ Trump executive orders will target trade 'cheaters']. ''USA Today''. Retrieved March 31, 2017.</ref>
+*March 31, 2017—President Trump signed two orders. The first order instituted a crackdown on violations of anti-[[dumping]] laws and help to officials to collect penalties already owed to the U.S. The second order ordered a report by the [[United States Department of Commerce|Department of Commerce]] and the U.S. Trade Representative on the causes of the U.S. trade deficit due within 90 days.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/03/31/trump-signs-executive-orders-to-crack-down-on-trade-abuses-increase-enforcement.html Trump signs executive orders to crack down on trade abuses, increase enforcement]. ''Fox News''. March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2017.</ref><ref>Korte, Gregory (March 31, 2017). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/03/31/trump-executive-orders-target-trade-cheaters/99881390/ Trump executive orders will target trade 'cheaters']. ''USA Today''. Retrieved March 31, 2017.</ref>
-*April 20, 2017—President Trump signed a memorandum directing the [[United States Department of Commerce|Department of Commerce]] to investigate whether steel imports pose a threat to U.S. national security.<ref>Alexander, Harriet (April 20, 2017). [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/04/20/donald-trump-praises-historic-day-american-steel-launches-investigation/ Donald Trump praises 'historic day for American steel' as he launches investigation into imports]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved April 20, 2017.</ref><ref>Westwood, Sarah (April 20, 2017). [http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-administration-opens-sweeping-trade-investigation/article/2620767 Trump administration opens sweeping trade investigation]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved April 21, 2017.</ref>
+*April 18, 2017—President Trump signed a "buy-American, hire-American" order, restricting the H-1B visa to give hiring preference to American workers and enacting stronger enforcement of laws requiring the use of American-made materials in federal projects.<ref>Multiple references:
-*April 25, 2017—After [[Canada]] changed its milk pricing policy, putting U.S. farmers at a severe disadvantage,<ref>Tobin, Michael (April 26, 2017). [http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/04/26/nafta-wisconsin-dairy-farmers-uncertain-fate-escalates-us-canada-trade-war.html NAFTA: Wisconsin dairy farmers' uncertain fate escalates US-Canada trade war]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 27, 2017.</ref> the Trump Administration imposed tariffs at rates up to 24% on Canadian lumber imports.<ref>Epstein, Jennifer; Light, Joe (April 25, 2017). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-canada-trade-dispute-timber-milk-war-huge-import-tariff-lumber-a7701186.html Donald Trump intensifies Canadian trade dispute by placing huge import tariff on lumber]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved April 25, 2017.</ref> The Trump Administration increased the tariffs in June 2017<ref>Skerritt, Jen (June 26, 2017). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-26/u-s-to-impose-additional-tariffs-on-canadian-softwood-lumber U.S. to Impose Additional Tariffs on Canadian Lumber Imports]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.</ref> and made them final in November 2017.<ref>Multiple references:
+* Miller, S.A. (April 18, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/apr/18/trump-signs-executive-order-reining-h-1b-visa-prog/ Trump signs executive order for ‘buy-American, hire-American’ policy]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
-*Needham, Vicki (November 2, 2017). [http://thehill.com/policy/finance/358545-us-slaps-duties-on-canadian-softwood-lumber US slaps tariffs on Canadian softwood lumber]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
+* Spiering, Charlie (April 18, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/18/donald-trump-celebrates-america-first-executive-order-wisconsin/ Donald Trump Celebrates ‘America First’ Executive Order in Wisconsin]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
+* Chakraborty, Barnini (April 18, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/04/18/trump-signs-order-to-clamp-down-on-visa-program-enforce-buy-american-policy.html Trump signs order to clamp down on visa program, enforce 'buy American' policy]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
+*Stokols, Eli; Meckler, Laura (April 18, 2017). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-signs-order-calling-for-changes-in-h-1b-visa-rules-1492558473 Trump Signs Order Calling for Changes in H-1B Visa Rules]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
+*Holland, Steve (April 17, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-visa-idUSKBN17K02U Trump orders review of visa program to encourage hiring Americans]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
+*Ware, Doug G.; Pestano, Andrew V. (April 18, 2017). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2017/04/18/Trump-signs-Buy-American-Hire-American-order-in-drive-to-bring-back-US-jobs/2701492520238/ Trump signs 'Buy American, Hire American' order in drive to bring back U.S. jobs]. ''UPI''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Phillip, Abby (April 18, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/04/18/trump-signs-buy-american-hire-american-executive-order-promising-to-fight-for-american-workers/ Trump signs ‘Buy American, Hire American’ executive order, promising to fight for American workers]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+See also:
+*Kight, Stef W. (July 25, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/trump-h1b-visa-denials-d7e903ab-1dd6-45d8-9df7-29289cda0076.html Trump’s “Hire American” order makes it harder to get H-1B visas]. ''Axios''. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
+*Bhattacharya, Ananya (July 25, 2018). [https://qz.com/1335857/indias-h-1b-visa-applicants-are-getting-rejected-at-higher-rate/ The US is rejecting more and more Indian H-1B applicants]. ''Quartz''. Retrieved July 25, 2018.</ref>
+*April 20, 2017—President Trump signed a memorandum directing the [[United States Department of Commerce|Department of Commerce]] to investigate whether steel imports pose a threat to U.S. national security.<ref>Alexander, Harriet (April 20, 2017). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/04/20/donald-trump-praises-historic-day-american-steel-launches-investigation/ Donald Trump praises 'historic day for American steel' as he launches investigation into imports]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved April 20, 2017.</ref><ref>Westwood, Sarah (April 20, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-administration-opens-sweeping-trade-investigation/article/2620767 Trump administration opens sweeping trade investigation]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved April 21, 2017.</ref>
+*April 25, 2017—After [[Canada]] changed its milk pricing policy, putting U.S. farmers at a severe disadvantage,<ref>Tobin, Michael (April 26, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/04/26/nafta-wisconsin-dairy-farmers-uncertain-fate-escalates-us-canada-trade-war.html NAFTA: Wisconsin dairy farmers' uncertain fate escalates US-Canada trade war]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 27, 2017.</ref> the Trump Administration imposed tariffs at rates up to 24% on Canadian lumber imports.<ref>Epstein, Jennifer; Light, Joe (April 25, 2017). [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-canada-trade-dispute-timber-milk-war-huge-import-tariff-lumber-a7701186.html Donald Trump intensifies Canadian trade dispute by placing huge import tariff on lumber]. ''The Independent''. Retrieved April 25, 2017.</ref> The Trump Administration increased the tariffs in June 2017<ref>Skerritt, Jen (June 26, 2017). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-26/u-s-to-impose-additional-tariffs-on-canadian-softwood-lumber U.S. to Impose Additional Tariffs on Canadian Lumber Imports]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.</ref> and made them final in November 2017.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Needham, Vicki (November 2, 2017). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/358545-us-slaps-duties-on-canadian-softwood-lumber US slaps tariffs on Canadian softwood lumber]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
 *Gregg, Aaron (November 2, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2017/11/02/u-s-moves-forward-with-canadian-lumber-tariffs-after-settlement-talks-fail/ U.S. moves forward with Canadian lumber tariffs after settlement talks fail]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
-*[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41838828 US sets final tariffs on softwood lumber from Canada]. ''BBC News''. November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
+*[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41838828 US sets final tariffs on softwood lumber from Canada]. ''BBC News''. November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
-*Mauldin, William; Vieira, Paul (November 2, 2017). [http://www.foxbusiness.com/features/2017/11/02/u-s-sets-final-tariffs-for-canadian-softwood-lumber-update.html U.S. Sets Final Tariffs for Canadian Softwood Lumber -- Update]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.</ref>
+*Mauldin, William; Vieira, Paul (November 2, 2017). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/features/2017/11/02/u-s-sets-final-tariffs-for-canadian-softwood-lumber-update.html U.S. Sets Final Tariffs for Canadian Softwood Lumber -- Update]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.</ref>
-*April 27, 2017—President Trump signed a memorandum opening a Department of Commerce investigation into whether the high level of aluminum imports constitutes a threat to U.S. national security.<ref>Moons, Michelle (April 27, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/27/ttrump-orders-investigation-into-national-security-threat-of-world-aluminum-excess/ Trump Orders Investigation into National Security Threat of World Aluminum Excess]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 27, 2017.</ref>
+*April 27, 2017—President Trump signed a memorandum opening a Department of Commerce investigation into whether the high level of aluminum imports constitutes a threat to U.S. national security.<ref>Moons, Michelle (April 27, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/27/ttrump-orders-investigation-into-national-security-threat-of-world-aluminum-excess/ Trump Orders Investigation into National Security Threat of World Aluminum Excess]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 27, 2017.</ref>
-*April 29, 2017—President Trump signed two executive orders, one ordering the U.S. to review all of its free trade agreements including NAFTA, and the other establishing a White House trade policy office.<ref>Korte, Gregory (April 29, 2017). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/04/29/100-days-trump-order-review-free-trade-agreements-commerce/101066150/ On his 100th day in office, Trump orders review of free trade agreements]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved April 30, 2017.</ref><ref>Greenwood, Max (April 29, 2017). [http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/331247-trump-signs-order-calling-for-review-of-trade-deals Trump signs order calling for review of trade deals]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 30, 2017.</ref>
+*April 29, 2017—President Trump signed two executive orders, one ordering the U.S. to review all of its free trade agreements including NAFTA, and the other establishing a White House trade policy office.<ref>Korte, Gregory (April 29, 2017). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/04/29/100-days-trump-order-review-free-trade-agreements-commerce/101066150/ On his 100th day in office, Trump orders review of free trade agreements]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved April 30, 2017.</ref><ref>Greenwood, Max (April 29, 2017). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/331247-trump-signs-order-calling-for-review-of-trade-deals Trump signs order calling for review of trade deals]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 30, 2017.</ref>
-*May 11, 2017—President Trump approved a trade deal with China which would increase American exports.<ref>Multiple references:
+*May 11, 2017—President Trump approved a trade deal with [[China]] which would increase American exports.<ref>Multiple references:
-*[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/05/12/trump-administration-praises-deal-expanding-trade-with-china.html Trump administration praises deal expanding trade with China]. ''Fox News''. May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
+*[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/05/12/trump-administration-praises-deal-expanding-trade-with-china.html Trump administration praises deal expanding trade with China]. ''Fox News''. May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
-*Moons, Michelle (May 12, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/05/12/commerce-secretary-wilbur-ross-10-u-s-china-trade-agreements-herculean-accomplishment/ Commerce Sec Wilbur Ross: 10 U.S.-China Trade Agreements ’Herculean Accomplishment’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 12, 2017.</ref>
+*Moons, Michelle (May 12, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/05/12/commerce-secretary-wilbur-ross-10-u-s-china-trade-agreements-herculean-accomplishment/ Commerce Sec Wilbur Ross: 10 U.S.-China Trade Agreements ’Herculean Accomplishment’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 12, 2017.</ref>
-*May 18, 2017—President Trump began the process of renegotiating [[NAFTA]].<ref>Dinan, Stephen (May 18, 2017). [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/18/trump-begins-nafta-renegotiation/ Trump begins NAFTA renegotiation]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref>
+*May 18, 2017—President Trump began the process of renegotiating [[NAFTA]].<ref>Dinan, Stephen (May 18, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/18/trump-begins-nafta-renegotiation/ Trump begins NAFTA renegotiation]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref>
 *June 12, 2017—The U.S. and China made an agreement that would allow American beef products to be exported to China.<ref>Multiple references:
-*Needham, Vicki (June 12, 2017). [http://thehill.com/policy/finance/337522-us-china-strike-deal-on-beef-exports US, China strike deal on beef exports]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
+*Needham, Vicki (June 12, 2017). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/337522-us-china-strike-deal-on-beef-exports US, China strike deal on beef exports]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
-*Jalonick, Mary Claire (June 12, 2017). [http://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2017/06/12/china-step-closer-to-resuming-us-beef-imports.html China a step closer to resuming US beef imports]. ''Fox Business'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> U.S. beef imports began entering China soon afterward.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Jalonick, Mary Claire (June 12, 2017). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2017/06/12/china-step-closer-to-resuming-us-beef-imports.html China a step closer to resuming US beef imports]. ''Fox Business'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> U.S. beef imports began entering China soon afterward.<ref>Multiple references:
 *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-beef-idUSKBN19E15G China takes delivery of first shipments of American beef in 14 years]. ''Reuters''. June 23, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
 *Patton, Dominique (June 29, 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-beef-usa-idUSKBN19K1BE Chinese ready to tuck into U.S. beef imports after 14-year wait]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
 *Lynch, James Q. (July 12, 2017). [http://www.thegazette.com/subject/news/business/agriculture/after-14-years-us-beef-hits-chinese-market-20170627 After 14 years, U.S. beef hits Chinese market]. ''The Gazette''. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
-*Richter, Greg (July 12, 2017). [http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/beef-trade-tweet-China/2017/07/12/id/801330/ US Beef Back in China After 14-Year Absence]. ''Newsmax''. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
+*Richter, Greg (July 12, 2017). [https://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/beef-trade-tweet-China/2017/07/12/id/801330/ US Beef Back in China After 14-Year Absence]. ''Newsmax''. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
 *[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-30/u-s-beef-debuts-in-china-after-14-years-may-help-balance-trade U.S. Beef Debuts in China After 14 Years, May Help Balance Trade]. ''Bloomberg''. June 30, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2017.</ref>
 *July 8, 2017—In the final G-20 common statement, the Trump Administration, which was ideologically opposed by the other G-20 nations, successfully received concessions from them on the statement on trade.<ref>Multiple references:
@@ Line 39: / Line 55: @@
 *Peker, Emre; Horobin, William (July 9, 2017). [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/g20-2017-leaders-compromise-on-trade-split-on-climate/news-story/0c7cdf9eb8a4f566f78590c60839b563 G20 2017: Leaders compromise on trade, split on climate]. ''The Australian''. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
 *[http://indianexpress.com/article/world/g-20-donald-trumps-america-first-policy-wins-concession-in-summit-4742060/ G-20: Donald Trump’s ‘America First’ policy wins concession in summit]. ''The Indian Express''. July 8, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
-*Delcker, Janosch; Herszenhorn, David M. (July 8, 2017). [http://www.politico.eu/article/g20-summit-in-hamburg-concludes-with-compromise-on-trade-and-dissent-on-climate/ Angela Merkel steers G20 leaders to compromise on trade]. ''Politico''. Retrieved July 9, 2017.</ref>
+*Delcker, Janosch; Herszenhorn, David M. (July 8, 2017). [https://www.politico.eu/article/g20-summit-in-hamburg-concludes-with-compromise-on-trade-and-dissent-on-climate/ Angela Merkel steers G20 leaders to compromise on trade]. ''Politico''. Retrieved July 9, 2017.</ref>
 *July 2017—A month after allowing the U.S. to export beef, China allowed the U.S. to export rice to the nation.<ref>Multiple references:
 *Durisin, Megan; Bjerga, Alan (July 20, 2017). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-20/in-a-china-win-for-trump-u-s-can-now-ship-rice-for-first-time The U.S. Can Now Ship Rice to China for the First Time]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
-*Erickson, Bo (July 20, 2017). [http://www.cbsnews.com/news/u-s-rice-to-be-exported-to-china-for-first-time/ U.S. rice to be exported to China for first time]. ''CBS News''. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
+*Erickson, Bo (July 20, 2017). [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/u-s-rice-to-be-exported-to-china-for-first-time/ U.S. rice to be exported to China for first time]. ''CBS News''. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
 *Hirtzer, Michael (July 20, 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-rice-idUSKBN1A523V China agrees to allow imports of U.S. rice for first time: USDA]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
-*Yu, Roger (July 21, 2017). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2017/07/21/china-opens-rice-market-us-exports-first-time-ever/500278001/ China opens rice market for US exports for first time ever]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved July 25, 2017.</ref>
+*Yu, Roger (July 21, 2017). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2017/07/21/china-opens-rice-market-us-exports-first-time-ever/500278001/ China opens rice market for US exports for first time ever]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved July 25, 2017.
+Subsequent developments:
+*Higgins, Sean (December 28, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/china-allows-first-ever-us-rice-imports China allows first-ever US rice imports]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-trade-rice/china-allows-first-ever-us-rice-imports-in-goodwill-gesture-ahead-of-trade-talks-idUSKCN1OR0LB https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-trade-rice/china-allows-first-ever-us-rice-imports-in-goodwill-gesture-ahead-of-trade-talks-idUSKCN1OR0LB]. ''Reuters''. December 28, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
+*Rodrigo, Chris Mills (December 28, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/china/423081-china-allows-us-rice-imports-for-first-time-ahead-of-trade-talks China allows US rice imports for first time ahead of trade talks]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
+*Pentchoukov, Ivan (July 4, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/for-the-first-time-ever-united-states-sells-rice-to-china_2989699.html For the First Time Ever, United States Sells Rice to China]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
+*Ingwersen, Julie; Smith, Barbara (July 3, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-rice/united-states-makes-first-ever-rice-sale-to-china-trade-group-idUSKCN1TY2YL United States makes first-ever rice sale to China: trade group]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
+*[https://www.newsmax.com/finance/streettalk/china-rice-unitedstates/2019/07/03/id/923249/ Trade Group: US Makes First-Ever Rice Sale to China]. ''Newsmax''. July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 4, 2019.</ref>
 *July 31, 2017—The United States and Ukraine agreed to have the U.S. export coal to Uraine, so the latter could gain [[energy independence]] from Russia.<ref>Multiple references:
-*Cama, Timothy (July 31, 2017). [http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/344656-trump-officials-hail-coal-export-deal-with-ukraine Trump officials hail coal export deal with Ukraine]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
+*Cama, Timothy (July 31, 2017). [https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/344656-trump-officials-hail-coal-export-deal-with-ukraine Trump officials hail coal export deal with Ukraine]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
 *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-to-sell-coal-to-ukraine/3966474.html US, for First Time, to Sell Coal to Ukraine]. ''Voice of America''. July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
 *Prentice, Alessandra (July 31, 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-usa-coal-idUSKBN1AG208 After Trump meeting, Ukraine to import U.S. thermal coal for the first time]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
 *Natter, Ari (July 31, 2017). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-31/ukraine-coal-exports-part-of-trump-bid-to-counter-russian-energy Ukraine Coal Exports Part of Trump Bid to Counter Russia]. ''Bloomberg News''. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
-*Pearce, Tim (July 31, 2017). [http://dailycaller.com/2017/07/31/us-coal-will-help-secure-ukraines-energy-independence-from-russia/ US Coal Will Help Secure Ukraine’s Energy Independence From Russia]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
+*Pearce, Tim (July 31, 2017). [https://dailycaller.com/2017/07/31/us-coal-will-help-secure-ukraines-energy-independence-from-russia/ US Coal Will Help Secure Ukraine’s Energy Independence From Russia]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
 Coal shipments started in August 2017:
 *[https://www.rferl.org/a/us-sends-first-coal-shipment-ukraine-bolster-energy-security-xcoal-/28691765.html U.S. Sends First Coal Shipment To Ukraine To Bolster Energy Security]. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. August 23, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
 *Graeber, Daniel J. (August 22, 2017). [https://www.upi.com/In-a-first-US-ships-coal-to-Ukraine/7931503393328/ In a first, U.S. ships coal to Ukraine]. ''UPI''. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
-*Siciliano, John (August 21, 2017). [http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-officials-celebrate-first-coal-shipment-to-ukraine/article/2632173 Trump officials celebrate first coal shipment to Ukraine]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
+*Siciliano, John (August 21, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-officials-celebrate-first-coal-shipment-to-ukraine/article/2632173 Trump officials celebrate first coal shipment to Ukraine]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 21, 2017.
 *[https://sputniknews.com/business/201708221056665640-usa-celebrate-ukraine-coal-shipment/ US Officials, Miner Celebrate 1st Shipment of Domestic Coal to Ukraine]. ''Sputnik''. August 22, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2017.</ref>
-*August 8, 2017—The Trump Administration placed a punitive import tax on Chinese aluminum foil imports after to a preliminary determination that the country was illegally dumping the product into the U.S.<ref>Multiple references:
+*August 8, 2017—The Trump Administration placed a punitive import tax on Chinese aluminum foil imports after to a preliminary determination that the country was illegally dumping the product into the U.S.<ref name="PunitiveAlumFoil">Multiple references:
-*Miller, S.A. (August 8, 2017). [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/aug/8/us-import-tax-hits-china-dumping-aluminum-foil/ U.S. hits China with import tax for dumping aluminum foil]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
+*Miller, S.A. (August 8, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/aug/8/us-import-tax-hits-china-dumping-aluminum-foil/ U.S. hits China with import tax for dumping aluminum foil]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
 *[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-09/u-s-seeks-duties-on-chinese-aluminum-foil-citing-state-subsidy U.S. Seeks Import Duties on Chinese Aluminum Foil]. ''Bloomberg''. August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
-*Horowitz, Julia (August 9, 2017). [http://money.cnn.com/2017/08/08/news/trump-aluminum-tariffs/index.html Trump moves to slap duties on Chinese aluminum foil]. ''CNN Money''. Retrieved August 10, 2017.</ref>
+*Horowitz, Julia (August 9, 2017). [https://money.cnn.com/2017/08/08/news/trump-aluminum-tariffs/index.html Trump moves to slap duties on Chinese aluminum foil]. ''CNN Money''. Retrieved August 10, 2017.</ref> In 2018, the U.S. government made the tariffs permanent and raised their rates.<ref name="AluminumFoil2018"/><ref name="ITCaluminum"/>
 *August 14, 2017—President Trump signed an order directing U.S. Trade Representative [[Robert Lighthizer]] to conduct an investigation into whether China is stealing U.S. intellectual property.<ref>Multiple references:
 *Bredemeier, Ken (August 14, 2017). [https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-china-trade-investigation/3984823.html Trump Orders China Trade Investigation]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
-*Spiering, Charlie (August 14, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/08/14/donald-trump-directs-investigation-of-china-for-theft-of-intellectual-property/ Donald Trump Directs Investigation of China for Theft of Intellectual Property]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
+*Spiering, Charlie (August 14, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/08/14/donald-trump-directs-investigation-of-china-for-theft-of-intellectual-property/ Donald Trump Directs Investigation of China for Theft of Intellectual Property]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
-*[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/08/14/trump-targets-china-trade-policies-with-executive-action.html Trump targets China trade policies with executive action]. ''Fox News''. August 14, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
+*[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/08/14/trump-targets-china-trade-policies-with-executive-action.html Trump targets China trade policies with executive action]. ''Fox News''. August 14, 2017. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
-*Fabian, Jordan (August 14, 2017). [http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news-other-administration/346524-trump-signs-memo-on-chinese-trade Trump signs memo on Chinese trade practices]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
+*Fabian, Jordan (August 14, 2017). [https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news-other-administration/346524-trump-signs-memo-on-chinese-trade Trump signs memo on Chinese trade practices]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
 *Wroughton, Lesley; Mason, Jeff (August 14, 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-trade-china-idUSKCN1AU23N Trump orders probe of China's intellectual property practices]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
 USTR Lighthizer formally launched the investigation on August 18, 2017:
-*Carney, John (August 18, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/08/18/begins-u-s-launches-china-trade-probe/ It Begins: U.S. Launches China Trade Probe]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
+*Carney, John (August 18, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/08/18/begins-u-s-launches-china-trade-probe/ It Begins: U.S. Launches China Trade Probe]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
-*Kasperowicz, Pete (August 18, 2017). [http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/us-trade-representative-launches-ipr-investigation-into-china/article/2632000 US Trade Representative launches IPR investigation into China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
+*Kasperowicz, Pete (August 18, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/us-trade-representative-launches-ipr-investigation-into-china/article/2632000 US Trade Representative launches IPR investigation into China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
-*Greenwood, Max (August 18, 2017). [http://thehill.com/policy/finance/347194-us-determines-chinese-trade-practices-merit-thorough-investigation US determines Chinese trade practices merit ‘thorough investigation’]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
+*Greenwood, Max (August 18, 2017). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/347194-us-determines-chinese-trade-practices-merit-thorough-investigation US determines Chinese trade practices merit ‘thorough investigation’]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
 *[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-trade-china-idUSKCN1AY2CD U.S. formally launches probe of China's intellectual property practices]. ''Reuters''. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
 *[http://p.dw.com/p/2iUVd US launches China trade secret probe]. ''Deutsche Welle''. August 18, 2017. Retrieved August 19, 2017.</ref>
@@ Line 76: / Line 99: @@
 *Scott, Alwyn; Lampert, Allison (September 26, 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-boeing-bombardier/u-s-slaps-steep-duties-on-bombardier-jets-after-boeing-complaint-idUSKCN1C138W U.S. slaps steep duties on Bombardier jets after Boeing complaint]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
 *[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/canadas-bombardier-jets-hit-with-220-u-s-duty/ Canada's Bombardier jets hit with 220% U.S. duty]. ''CBS News''. September 27, 2017. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
-*Needham, Vicki (September 26, 2017). [http://thehill.com/policy/finance/352599-us-slaps-steep-tariffs-on-canadian-jets US slaps steep tariffs on Canadian jets]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
+*Needham, Vicki (September 26, 2017). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/352599-us-slaps-steep-tariffs-on-canadian-jets US slaps steep tariffs on Canadian jets]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
 *Berthiaume, Lee (September 26, 2017). [https://www.thestar.com/business/2017/09/26/commerce-department-gives-bombardier-219-duty-on-the-sale-of-jets-to-us-airline.html Bombardier hit with 219% duty on sale of jets to Delta Air Lines]. ''The Toronto Star''. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
-*Friedman, Victoria (September 27, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/09/27/uk-us-tariff-bombardier-northern-ireland/ UK Aerospace Manufacturing to Face Tariffs after May Turns on Trump, Makes Concessions to EU]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 4, 2017.</ref> On October 6, 2017, the Department of Commerce added an additional 79.82% duty on the CSeries jets, making the total tariff be at about 300%.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Friedman, Victoria (September 27, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/09/27/uk-us-tariff-bombardier-northern-ireland/ UK Aerospace Manufacturing to Face Tariffs after May Turns on Trump, Makes Concessions to EU]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 4, 2017.</ref> On October 6, 2017, the Department of Commerce added an additional 79.82% duty on the CSeries jets, making the total tariff be at about 300%.<ref>Multiple references:
 *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-more-trade-duties-canada-bombardier/4060426.html US Slaps More Duties on Canada’s Bombardier]. ''Voice of America'' (from the ''Associated Press''). October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
 *Haynes, Danielle (October 6, 2017). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2017/10/06/US-slaps-Bombardier-with-more-duties-in-Boeing-dispute/6301507328054/ U.S. slaps Bombardier with more duties in Boeing dispute]. ''UPI''. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
 *Scott, Alwyn (October 6, 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-boeing-bombardier-commerce/u-s-backs-300-percent-in-duties-on-bombardier-after-boeing-complaint-idUSKBN1CB29X U.S. backs 300 percent in duties on Bombardier after Boeing complaint]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
-*Campbell, John (October 7, 2017). [http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-41532309 Further tariff of 80% imposed on import of C-Series plane]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
+*Campbell, John (October 7, 2017). [https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-41532309 Further tariff of 80% imposed on import of C-Series plane]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
 *Gregg, Aaron (October 6, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/business/wp/2017/10/06/u-s-escalates-trade-dispute-with-canada-in-new-tariff-decision/ U.S. escalates trade dispute with Canada in new tariff decision]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 7, 2017.</ref> However, in January 2018, the U.S. International Trade Commission ruled against the tariffs.<ref>Multiple references:
-*Carney, John (January 26, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/01/26/us-trade-commission-rejects-boeing-claim-canadian-plane-maker-bombardier/ US Trade Commission Rejects Boeing Claim Against Canadian Plane Maker Bombardier]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
+*Carney, John (January 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/01/26/us-trade-commission-rejects-boeing-claim-canadian-plane-maker-bombardier/ US Trade Commission Rejects Boeing Claim Against Canadian Plane Maker Bombardier]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
 *Lampert, Allison; Wroughton, Lesley (January 26, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-itc-ruling/u-s-trade-body-backs-canadian-plane-maker-bombardier-against-boeing-idUSKBN1FF2MB U.S. trade body backs Canadian plane maker Bombardier against Boeing]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
 *Sands, David R. (January 26, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jan/26/us-trade-panel-rejects-boeing-trade-complaint/ Canada first: U.S. trade panel unexpectedly rejects Boeing trade complaint]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 26, 2018.</ref>
 *November 28, 2017—The Commerce Department self-initiated anti-dumping investigations on Chinese aluminum imports – the U.S. rarely self-initiates such investigations, with the previous self-initiated investigations taking place in the late 1980s and early 1990s.<ref>Multiple references:
-*Carney, John (November 28, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/11/28/commerce-department-launches-antidumping-investigation-of-chinese-aluminum-producers/ Commerce Department Launches Antidumping Investigation of Chinese Aluminum Producers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
+*Carney, John (November 28, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/11/28/commerce-department-launches-antidumping-investigation-of-chinese-aluminum-producers/ Commerce Department Launches Antidumping Investigation of Chinese Aluminum Producers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
 *Lawder, David (November 28, 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-aluminum/u-s-commerce-dept-self-initiates-dumping-probe-of-chinese-aluminum-idUSKBN1DS2S9 U.S. Commerce Dept 'self-initiates' dumping probe of Chinese aluminum]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
-*Wiseman, Paul (November 28, 2017). [http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/11/28/trump-administration-pursues-antidumping-case-against-china.html Trump administration pursues antidumping case against China]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved December 2, 2017.
+*Wiseman, Paul (November 28, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/11/28/trump-administration-pursues-antidumping-case-against-china.html Trump administration pursues antidumping case against China]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved December 2, 2017.
 *Deaux, Joe; Mayeda, Andrew (November 28, 2017). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-28/u-s-starts-anti-dumping-case-on-china-aluminum-producers-cnbc Trump Starts Probe Into Aluminum That China Calls Protectionist]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
 *Lynch, David J. (November 28, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-fires-opening-shot-in-china-trade-battle/2017/11/28/fcbad7fc-d474-11e7-b62d-d9345ced896d_story.html Trump fires opening shot in China trade battle]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
@@ Line 99: / Line 122: @@
 *Lawder, David (November 30, 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-trade-wto/u-s-formally-opposes-china-market-economy-status-at-wto-idUSKBN1DU2VH U.S. formally opposes China market economy status at WTO]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
 *[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-formally-opposes-china-market-economy-status-at-wto/4145022.html US Formally Opposes China Market Economy Status at WTO]. ''Voice of America'' (from ''Reuters''). December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
-*Wiseman, Paul (December 1, 2017). [http://www.latimes.com/sns-bc-us--trade-china-20171130-story.html US joins trade fight against China at WTO]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved December 2, 2017.</ref>
+*Wiseman, Paul (December 1, 2017). [https://www.latimes.com/sns-bc-us--trade-china-20171130-story.html US joins trade fight against China at WTO]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved December 2, 2017.</ref>
+===Proclamations, 2017===
+*July 17, 2017—President Trump proclaimed this day Made in America Day and the week of July 16–22 as Made in America Week.<ref>[https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2017-07-20/pdf/2017-15440.pdf Proclamation 9627 of July 17, 2017 -- Made in America Day and Made in America Week, 2017]. ''Federal Register''. July 20, 2017. Retrieved October 21, 2019.</ref>
 ===Other achievements, 2017===
@@ Line 105: / Line 131: @@
 *U.S. coal exports to Europe and Asia rose 60% in early 2017 compared to the previous year.<ref>Multiple references:
-*Siciliano, John (July 31, 2017). [http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/us-coal-floods-europe-despite-continents-fear-about-climate-change/article/2630079 US coal floods Europe despite continent's fear about climate change]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
+*Siciliano, John (July 31, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/us-coal-floods-europe-despite-continents-fear-about-climate-change/article/2630079 US coal floods Europe despite continent's fear about climate change]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
 *Gardner, Timothy; Chestney, Nina (July 27, 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-coal-exports-idUSKBN1AD0DU U.S. coal exports soar, in boost to Trump energy agenda, data shows]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 31, 2017.</ref>
 *President Trump took a very strong stance on trade policy as president,<ref>Multiple references:
-*[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/11/10/trump-talks-tough-on-trade-reaffirms-america-first-policy-at-asia-summit.html Trump talks tough on trade, reaffirms 'America first' policy at Asia summit]. ''Fox News''. November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
+*[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/11/10/trump-talks-tough-on-trade-reaffirms-america-first-policy-at-asia-summit.html Trump talks tough on trade, reaffirms 'America first' policy at Asia summit]. ''Fox News''. November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
-*Spiering, Charlie (November 13, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/11/10/donald-trump-challenges-china-and-world-trade-organization-in-apec-speech/ Donald Trump Challenges China and World Trade Organization in APEC Speech]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
+*Spiering, Charlie (November 13, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/11/10/donald-trump-challenges-china-and-world-trade-organization-in-apec-speech/ Donald Trump Challenges China and World Trade Organization in APEC Speech]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
 *Colvin, Jill; Lemire, Jonathan (November 10, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/nov/10/apec-summit-donald-trump-says-us-will-no-longer-be/ Trump at APEC summit says U.S. will no longer be taken advantage of on trade]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved November 13, 2017.
 *Holland, Steve; Tostevin, Matthew (November 10, 2017). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trump-asia-vietnam/trump-brings-tough-trade-message-in-vision-for-asia-idUSKBN1DA0KR Trump brings tough trade message in vision for Asia]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 13, 2017.</ref> and he recognized that America's previous leaders were to blame for the U.S. past trade failures, rather than other countries such as China.<ref>Multiple references:
-*Spiering, Charlie (November 9, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/11/09/donald-trump-i-blame-previous-presidents-for-massive-trade-deficit-not-china/ Donald Trump: I Blame Previous Presidents for Massive Trade Deficit, Not China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
+*Spiering, Charlie (November 9, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/11/09/donald-trump-i-blame-previous-presidents-for-massive-trade-deficit-not-china/ Donald Trump: I Blame Previous Presidents for Massive Trade Deficit, Not China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
-*[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/11/09/trump-says-us-trade-with-china-has-not-been-fair-urges-country-to-squeeze-north-korea.html Trump says US trade with China has not been fair, urges country to squeeze North Korea]. ''Fox News''. November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
+*[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/11/09/trump-says-us-trade-with-china-has-not-been-fair-urges-country-to-squeeze-north-korea.html Trump says US trade with China has not been fair, urges country to squeeze North Korea]. ''Fox News''. November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
 *Lawler, Dave (November 9, 2017). [https://www.axios.com/trump-to-chinese-leaders-i-dont-blame-you-for-taking-advantage-of-us-2508033176.html Trump to Chinese leaders: I don't blame you for taking advantage of us]. ''Axios''. Retrieved November 17, 2017.</ref>
 ==2018==
+[[File:Donald Trump and Moon Jae-in sign KORUS agreement.jpg|thumb|250px|President Trump and South Korean President Moon Jae-in sign a revised trade agreement, September 24, 2018]]
+[[File:Donald Trump and Xi Jinping, December 2018.jpg|thumb|250px|Meeting between President Trump and Chinese President [[Xi Jinping]] regarding the U.S.–China trade war, December 1, 2018]]
+President Trump made many trade actions involving tariffs in 2018.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Collins, Keith; Lee, Jasmine C. (July 11, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/07/11/business/trade-war.html How Trump’s Trade War Went From 18 Products to 10,000]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
+*Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Salama, Vivian (September 25, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-pursues-trade-deals-in-asia-europe-amid-frostiness-with-china-1537821235 Trump Pursues Trade Deals in Asia, Europe Amid Frostiness With China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
+*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/where-do-we-have-tariffs-trump-asks-heres-a-list-1540416617 ‘Where Do We Have Tariffs?’ Trump Asks. Here’s a List]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. October 24, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-tariffs-factbox/factbox-tariff-wars-duties-imposed-by-trump-and-u-s-trading-partners-idUSKCN1NZ2GB Factbox: Tariff wars - duties imposed by Trump and U.S. trading partners]. ''Reuters''. November 30, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+See also:
+*Akan, Emel (December 27, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trumps-tariffs-shake-up-the-global-trade-order_2745846.html Trump’s Tariffs Shake Up the Global Trade Order]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Carney, John (July 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/25/what-trump-knows-about-tariffs-that-establishment-trade-economists-forgot/ What Trump Knows About Tariffs that Establishment Trade Economists Forgot]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
+*Puzder, Andy (July 2, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2018/07/02/trumps-trade-critics-are-wrong-his-tariffs-could-bring-major-benefits-to-america.html Trump's trade critics are wrong -- His tariffs could bring major benefits to America]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
+*Mauldin, William; Dapena, Kara (August 10, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/graphics/tracking-trump-trade-deals/ Tracking Trump’s Trade Talks]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
+*Thomas, Ken (September 3, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/3/trump-sees-mixing-trade-foreign-policy-as-good-pol/ Trump sees mixing trade, foreign policy as good politics]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved September 3, 2018.
+*Thomas, Cal (October 4, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/cal-thomas-trump-promised-to-put-american-interests-first-he-wasnt-kidding Cal Thomas: Trump promised to put American interests first – he wasn’t kidding]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 4, 2018.
+*Carney, John (October 25, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/10/25/where-do-we-have-tariffs-trump-asks-hes-got-a-point/ ‘Where Do We Have Tariffs?’ Trump Asks. He’s Got A Point]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
+*Cheung, Steven (November 30, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/trump-is-winning-on-trade-dont-let-the-experts-fool-you Trump is winning on trade -- Don't let the 'experts' fool you]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
+*Ip, Greg (December 26, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-hasnt-killed-the-global-trade-system-instead-he-split-it-in-two-11545842217 Trump Didn’t Kill the Global Trade System. He Split It in Two.] ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
+*Moons, Michelle (February 6, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/02/06/commerce-secretary-presidents-tariffs-have-strengthened-americas-national-security/ Commerce Secretary: President’s Tariffs Have ‘Strengthened America’s National Security’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
+The Trump Administration also took trade actions against smaller nations:
+*Craymer, Lucy; Zumbrun, Josh (August 12, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-takes-trade-fight-to-smaller-nations-1534082401 U.S. Takes Trade Fight to Smaller Nations]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
+*Uwiringiyimana, Clement; Bavier, Joe (May 24, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rwanda-usa-trade-insight/trump-versus-rwanda-in-trade-battle-over-used-clothes-idUSKCN1IP0WB Trump versus Rwanda in trade battle over used clothes]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 14, 2018.</ref> He was helped by a growing U.S. economy even as economic growth in other countries stagnated.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Zumbrun, Josh (July 31, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/strong-economic-growth-boosts-u-s-in-trade-battles-1533087875 Strong Economic Growth Boosts U.S. in Trade Battles]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
+Specifically regarding China:
+*Carney, John (August 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/08/14/chinaweakness/ China’s Economy Weakens as Trade Fight Heats Up, Emboldening Xi’s Critics]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
+*Nazarian, Adelle (August 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/08/14/chinese-economy-cools-down-as-trade-fight-with-u-s-heats-up/ Chinese Economy Cools Down as Trade Fight with U.S. Heats Up]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
+*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-economy-cooled-further-in-july-1534214209 China’s Growth Engine Sputters as It Battles U.S. Over Trade]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
+*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-economy-losing-steam-as-trade-conflict-with-u-s-intensifies-1538305300 China’s Economy Losing Steam as Trade Conflict With U.S. Intensifies]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
+*Adelmann, Bob (September 30, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/30207-trump-s-tariffs-are-biting-china Trump’s Tariffs Are Biting China]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
+*Adelmann, Bob (October 19, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/30382-chinese-economy-slowing-down-government-denies-it Chinese Economy Slowing Down, Government Denies It]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
+*Carney, John (October 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/10/19/chinas-economy-stumbles-as-trade-war-squeeze-tightens/ China’s Economy Stumbles as Trade War Squeeze Tightens]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
+See also:
+*Byas, Steve (June 26, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/item/29394-u-s-economic-upsurge-and-trump-s-tax-and-tariff-policies U.S. Economic Upsurge and Trump’s Tax and Tariff Policies]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
+*Carney, John (August 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/education/2018/08/09/jobless-claims-unexpectedly-fell-and-inflation-ticked-down-suggesting-strong-u-s-economy-unfazed-by-trade-war/ Jobless Claims Unexpectedly Fell and Inflation Ticked Down, Suggesting Strong U.S. Economy Unfazed by Trade War]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 9, 2018.</ref> Trump also took a tougher stance on China compared to previous administrations,<ref>Jasper, William F. (August 22, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/29851-made-in-china-2025-master-plan-has-hit-a-wall-named-trump “Made In China 2025” Master Plan Has Hit a Wall Named Trump]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 22, 2018.<br>See also:
+*Kasperowicz, Pete (October 8, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-tariffs-raise-4-4-billion-and-counting Trump tariffs raise $4.4 billion and counting]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
+*Svab, Petr (October 8, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-admin-is-collecting-4-4-billion-from-tariffs-on-steel-aluminium-china-goods-report_2683819.html Trump Admin Collecting $4.4 Billion From Tariffs on Steel, Aluminium, China Goods: Report]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*O'Keeffe, Kate (November 12, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-deploys-new-tactics-to-curb-chinas-intellectual-property-theft-1542027624 U.S. Adopts New Battle Plan to Fight China’s Theft of Trade Secrets]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
+*Akan, Emel (November 12, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/white-house-opens-new-front-in-china-trade-war_2714207.html White House Opens New Front in China Trade War]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
+President Trump's statements on revenue from U.S. tariffs on China:
+*Muñoz, Gabriella (November 29, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/29/billions-and-billions-from-tariffs-are-making-dona/ 'Billions and billions' from tariffs are making Trump second-guess deal with China]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
+*Rodrigo, Chris Mills (November 29, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/418844-trump-touts-billions-of-dollars-pouring-into-us-coffers-from-tariffs Trump touts billions of dollars ‘pouring into U.S. coffers’ from China tariffs ahead of meeting with Xi]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
+*Moons, Michelle (November 29, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/11/29/trump-debating-china-deal-no-heading-g20/ Trump Debating China Deal or No Heading into G20]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
+*Boyer, Dave (January 3, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jan/3/trump-says-us-gaining-billions-tariffs-china/ Trump says U.S. gaining billions from tariffs on China]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 3, 2019.</ref> and according to the research group EconPol Europe, China had paid most of the cost of the trade war.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Binder, John (November 21, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/11/21/free-trade-economists-fail-china-paying-trump-tariffs-not-u-s/ Free Trade Economists Fail: China Paying for Trump Tariffs – Not U.S.] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
+*Kruta, Virginia (November 19, 2018). [https://dailycaller.com/2018/11/19/report-china-paying-trumps-trade-war/ Report: China is Picking Up the Tab for Trump's Trade War]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
+*Tapscott, Mark (November 21, 2018). [https://www.lifezette.com/2018/11/trumps-tariffs-slashing-u-s-trade-deficit-with-china-euro-study-finds/ Trump’s Tariffs Slashing U.S. Trade Deficit with China, Euro Study Finds]. ''LifeZette''. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
+*Pi, Xiaoqing (November 19, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-19/china-is-paying-for-most-of-trump-s-trade-war-research-says China Is Paying for Most of Trump's Trade War, Research Says]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
+*Kight, Stef W. (November 24, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/trump-trade-war-china-tariffs-economy-ce1b45c3-4746-448a-96a7-d0762bde7a64.html Analysis: Trump's trade war with China might be working]. ''Axios''. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
+*Graupner, Hardy (November 20, 2018). [https://p.dw.com/p/38ZTn No winners in US-China trade spat — says who?] ''Deutsche Welle''. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
+See also:
+*Carney, John (January 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/01/02/chinapmi/ China Cracks: Manufacturing Sector Contracts for First Time Since Trade War Began]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 2, 2019.</ref>
 ===Executive actions, 2018===
 *January 22, 2018—President Trump imposed tariffs on solar energy product and washing machine imports, using a section of U.S. trade law last used early in [[George W. Bush]]'s presidency.<ref>Multiple references:
 *Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Ailworth, Erin (January 22, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-imposes-trade-tariffs-signaling-tougher-line-on-china-1516658821 U.S. Imposes New Tariffs, Ramping Up ‘America First’ Trade Policy]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
 *[https://www.apnews.com/5f68ab2a45124b29be5dfbfc474dde73/Trump-applies-tariffs-to-solar-panels,-washing-machines Trump applies tariffs to solar panels, washing machines]. ''Associated Press''. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
-*Carney, John (January 22, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/01/22/america-first-trump-imposes-30-tariff-on-imported-solar-products-and-washing-machines/ AMERICA FIRST: Trump Imposes 30% Tariff on Imported Solar Products and Washing Machines]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
+*Carney, John (January 22, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/01/22/america-first-trump-imposes-30-tariff-on-imported-solar-products-and-washing-machines/ AMERICA FIRST: Trump Imposes 30% Tariff on Imported Solar Products and Washing Machines]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
-*Needham, Vicki (January 22, 2018). [http://thehill.com/policy/finance/370193-trump-slaps-tariffs-on-imported-washing-machines-solar-panel-technology Trump slaps tariffs on imported washing machines, solar panel technology]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
+*Needham, Vicki (January 22, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/370193-trump-slaps-tariffs-on-imported-washing-machines-solar-panel-technology Trump slaps tariffs on imported washing machines, solar panel technology]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
 *Lynch, David J. (January 22, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/01/22/trump-imposes-tariffs-on-solar-panels-and-washing-machines-in-first-major-trade-action/ Trump imposes tariffs on solar panels and washing machines in first major trade action of 2018]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
 President Trump signed the tariffs into effect the next day:
@@ Line 130: / Line 207: @@
 See also:
 *Bradsher, Keith; Wee, Sui-Lee (January 23, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/business/trump-china-tariffs-trade.html U.S. Tariffs, Aimed at China and South Korea, to Hit Targets Worldwide]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved January 29, 2018.</ref>
+*February 27, 2018—After enacting punitive tariffs on aluminum foil in August 2017,<ref name="PunitiveAlumFoil"/> the Department of Commerce upheld the tariffs and raised their rates.<ref name="AluminumFoil2018">Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-aluminum/u-s-finds-china-aluminum-foil-imports-dumped-subsidized-idUSKCN1GB2QQ U.S. finds China aluminum foil imports dumped, subsidized]. ''Reuters''. February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
+*[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-27/u-s-confirms-steep-duties-on-chinese-foil-industry-group-says U.S. Slaps Duties on China Aluminum Foil as Xi Ally Arrives]. ''Bloomberg''. February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
+*[http://p.dw.com/p/2tRRo US slaps stiff duties on aluminum foil from China]. ''Deutsche Welle''. February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
+*[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-proposes-anti-dumping-duties-on-chinese-aluminum-foil-/4273850.html US Proposes Anti-dumping Duties on Chinese Aluminum Foil]. ''Voice of America'' (from the ''Associated Press''). February 27, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
+*[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-wants-to-raise-import-duties-on-chinese-aluminum-foil/ U.S. wants to raise import duties on Chinese aluminum foil]. ''CBS News''. February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.</ref> On March 15, 2018, the U.S. International Trade Commission upheld the rates.<ref name="ITCaluminum">Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-aluminum/u-s-trade-panel-says-imports-of-aluminum-foil-from-china-harm-u-s-producers-idUSKCN1GR2BM U.S. trade panel says imports of aluminum foil from China harm U.S. producers]. ''Reuters''. March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
+*[https://insidetrade.com/daily-news/itc-final-vote-finds-chinese-aluminum-foil-imports-injure-us-industry ITC, in final vote, finds Chinese aluminum foil imports injure the U.S. industry]. ''World Trade Online''. March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.</ref>
+*March 8, 2018—President Trump, through two orders using Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, imposed a 25% tariff on all steel imports and a 10% tariff on all aluminum imports, something he did both for economic and national security reasons.<ref name="2018S&Atariffs"/> [[Canada]] and [[Mexico]] were granted exemptions from the tariffs pending the NAFTA renegotiations, and the orders allowed for potential future exemptions for U.S. allies.<ref name="2018S&Atariffs">Multiple references:
+*Singman, Brooke; Burman, Blake (March 8, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/03/08/trump-imposing-tariffs-on-all-steel-aluminum-imports-exempts-mexico-and-canada-for-now.html Trump imposes tariffs on all steel, aluminum imports; exempts Mexico and Canada for now]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
+*Carney, John (March 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/03/08/in-triumph-for-economic-nationalism-trump-imposes-sweeping-metals-tariffs/ In Triumph for Economic Nationalism, Trump Imposes Sweeping Metals Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
+*Spiering, Charlie (March 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/03/08/promises-kept-donald-trump-signs-steel-and-aluminum-tariffs-to-protect-workers/ Promises Kept: Donald Trump Signs Steel and Aluminum Tariffs to Protect Workers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
+*Fabian, Jordan; Needham, Vicki (March 8, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/377430-defying-gop-trump-orders-steel-and-aluminum-tariffs Defying GOP, Trump orders steel and aluminum tariffs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
+*Boyer, Dave (March 8, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/mar/8/trump-announces-tariffs-steel-aluminum/ Trump spares NAFTA partners from tariffs on steel, aluminum]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
+*Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Ballhaus, Rebecca (March 8, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-to-meet-metal-workers-as-aides-ready-tariff-rollout-1520517821 Trump Signs Metals Tariffs Sparing Some Allies]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
+*Akan, Emel (March 8, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-signs-orders-on-steel-and-aluminum-imports_2461420.html Trump Signs Orders on Steel and Aluminum Imports]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Baker, Peter; Swanson, Ana (March 8, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/08/us/politics/trump-tariff-announcement.html Trump Authorizes Tariffs, Defying Allies at Home and Abroad]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
+See also:
+*Akan, Emel (March 6, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/manufacturers-and-steelworkers-defend-import-tariffs_2459288.html Manufacturers and Steelworkers Defend Import Tariffs]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.</ref> President Trump also gave temporary exemptions to the [[European Union]] and six other U.S. allies when the tariffs went into effect.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Vavra, Shannon; Canipe, Chris (March 23, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/where-trumps-steel-and-aluminum-trade-war-will-hit-first-0a709db4-5713-494d-96d2-06cd616fc1a4.html Where Trump's steel and aluminum trade war will hit first]. ''Axios''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
+*[https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-tariffs-list-of-exempted-countries/4312715.html US Steel, Aluminum Tariffs Activated; Some Countries Exempt]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
+*Cerbin, Carolyn McAtee (March 23, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/03/23/trump-exempts-some-allies-steel-aluminum-tariffs/451936002/ Trump exempts some allies from steel, aluminum tariffs]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
+*Davis, Bob (March 23, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/white-house-names-allies-to-receive-tariff-reprieve-1521779675 White House Names Allies to Receive Tariff Reprieve]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
+*Samuels, Brett (March 22, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/379884-white-house-trump-will-delay-steel-tariffs-for-eu-six-countries White House: Trump will delay steel tariffs for EU, six countries]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
+*Wroughton, Lesley (March 22, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-steel/trump-temporarily-excludes-eu-six-other-allies-from-steel-tariffs-idUSKBN1GZ0ET Trump temporarily excludes EU, six other allies from steel tariffs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.</ref> On April 30, 2018, the Trump Administration announced it had reached an agreement with South Korea to enact quotas on steel imports from the country, along with agreements in principle with several other countries.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Chamberlain, Samuel (April 30, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/04/30/white-house-delays-tariffs-on-eu-canada-mexico-ahead-tense-china-talks.html White House delays tariffs on EU, Canada, Mexico ahead of tense China talks]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+*Bender, Michael C.; Mauldin, William (April 30, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-postpones-steel-tariff-decision-for-eu-other-u-s-allies-1525130978 Trump Postpones Steel Tariff Decision for EU, Other U.S. Allies]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+*Lawder, David (April 30, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-metals/trump-delays-metal-tariffs-on-canada-eu-mexico-exempts-some-others-idUSKBN1I1164 Trump delays metal tariffs on Canada, EU, Mexico, exempts some others]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+*Needham, Vicki; Elis, Niv (April 30, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/385586-trump-delays-steel-tariffs-for-eu-other-us-allies-reports Trump delays steel tariffs for EU, other US allies]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+*Horsley, Scott (May 31, 2018). [https://www.npr.org/2018/04/30/607228321/trump-administration-delays-most-tariffs-on-steel-aluminum Trump Administration Delays Most Tariffs On Steel, Aluminum]. ''NPR''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+However, on August 29, 2018, President Trump signed two proclamations allowing for exemptions from the quotas enacted on South Korea, Brazil and Argentina:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-metals/trump-allows-targeted-relief-on-steel-aluminum-quotas-commerce-department-idUSKCN1LF02B Trump allows targeted relief on steel, aluminum quotas: Commerce Department]. ''Reuters''. August 29, 2018. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
+*[https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-09-04/pdf/2018-19283.pdf Proclamation 9776 of August 29, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States]. ''Federal Register''. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
+*[https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-09-04/pdf/2018-19284.pdf Proclamation 9777 of August 29, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States]. ''Federal Register''. September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.</ref> On May 31, 2018, the Trump Administration imposed the tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and the EU and ended the exemptions, effective the following day.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Moons, Michelle (May 31, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/31/u-s-imposes-steel-aluminum-tariffs-eu-canada-mexico/ U.S. Imposes Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on EU, Canada, and Mexico]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+*Needham, Vicki (May 31, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/390036-trump-slaps-steel-aluminum-tariffs-on-eu-canada-and-mexico Trump slaps steel, aluminum tariffs on EU, Canada and Mexico]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+*De Lea, Brittany (May 31, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-to-remove-tariff-exemption-from-eu-canada-mexico Trump to remove tariff exemption from EU, Canada, Mexico]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+*Dinan, Stephen; Miller, S.A. (May 31, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/31/trump-hits-eu-canada-mexico-steel-tariffs/ Trump threatens NAFTA after imposing tariffs on U.S. allies to punish 'unfair competition']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
+*Fritze, John (May 31, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/05/31/trump-follows-through-steel-aluminum-tariff-threat-u-s-allies/658835002/ Trump imposes steel, aluminum tariffs on U.S. allies and Europe plans to retaliate]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+*Mauldin, William (May 31, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-slaps-steel-aluminum-tariffs-on-canada-mexico-european-union-1527774283 U.S. Tariffs Prompt Anger, Retaliation From Trade Allies]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+For the actual proclamations President Trump signed:
+*[https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-06-05/pdf/2018-12137.pdf Proclamation 9758 of May 31, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States]. ''Federal Register''. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*[https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-06-05/pdf/2018-12140.pdf Proclamation 9759 of May 31, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States]. ''Federal Register''. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+The U.S. government had already collected over $110 million from the tariffs two weeks after they were imposed:
+*Fernandez, Henry (June 15, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-tariffs-rake-in-more-than-110m Trump tariffs rake in more than $110M]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
+See also:
+*Morrongiello, Gabby (May 31, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/trump-trade-war-china-eu-mexico-canada Trump ends his nice-guy routine on trade]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+*Gomez, Christian (June 25, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29361-global-trade-order-on-verge-of-collapse Global Trade Order on Verge of Collapse?] ''The New American''. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
+*Gomez, Christian (June 29, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29415-un-obama-fear-trump-jeopardizing-nwo UN & Obama Fear Trump Trade Tariffs Jeopardizing New World Order]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
+*Ferry, Jeff (June 2, 2018). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/390375-us-steel-and-aluminum-tariffs-the-right-move-at-the-right-time US steel and aluminum tariffs — the right move at the right time]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
+However, the Commerce Department approved many exemptions to the tariffs:
+*Pacheco, Inti; Tita, Bob (January 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/tariff-exclusions-for-certain-steel-imports-sow-confusion-11546430400 Tariff Exclusions for Certain Steel Imports Sow Confusion]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (September 24, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-administration-approving-almost-half-of-requests-to-avoid-steel-tariffs Trump administration approving almost half of requests to avoid steel tariffs]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
+The Trump Administration announced on May 17, 2019, that it had reached an agreement to lift the tariffs on Canada and Mexico in exchange for the two countries lifting their retaliatory tariffs along with stronger enforcement measures to prevent Chinese steel entering the U.S. through the two countries:
+*Carney, John (May 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/17/trump-says-u-s-will-remove-steel-and-aluminum-tariffs-on-canada/ Trump Says U.S. Will Remove Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on Canada]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (May 17, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/white-house-agrees-to-lift-steel-aluminum-tariffs-on-mexico-canada White House agrees to lift steel, aluminum tariffs on Mexico, Canada]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Salama, Vivian; Zumbrun, Josh; Mackrael, Kim (May 17, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-close-to-deal-with-canada-mexico-to-end-steel-and-aluminum-tariffs-11558110448 U.S. Reaches Deal With Canada, Mexico to End Steel and Aluminum Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Boyer, Dave; Howell, Tom (May 17, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/may/17/trump-lift-steel-aluminum-tariffs-canada-mexico/ Trump to lift steel, aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Krisher, Tom; Freking, Kevin; Gillies, Rob (May 17, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/6670fd64705146bbb35c2373af791c14 Trump lifts tariffs on Mexico, Canada, delays auto tariffs]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Lawder, David; Scherer, Steve (May 17, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-usmca/u-s-lifts-tariffs-on-canadian-mexican-metals-in-boost-for-trade-pact-idUSKCN1SN1VF U.S. lifts tariffs on Canadian, Mexican metals in boost for trade pact]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Sakelaris, Nicholas; Haynes, Danielle (May 17, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/05/17/US-agrees-to-lift-tariffs-on-metals-for-Canada-Mexico/6351558097067/ U.S. agrees to lift tariffs on metals for Canada, Mexico]. ''UPI''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Tausche, Kayla; Pramuk, Jacob (May 17, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/17/us-to-announce-deal-to-lift-steel-and-aluminum-tariffs-on-canada-and-mexico-as-soon-as-today-sources.html US reaches deal to lift steel and aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Fritze, John; Collins, Michael (May 17, 2019). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/17/donald-trump-set-lift-aluminum-steel-tariffs-canada-mexico/3705159002/ Trump will suspend year-old steel, aluminum tariffs on Canada and Mexico]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Chappell, Bill (May 17, 2019). [https://www.npr.org/2019/05/17/724357441/u-s-to-lift-tariffs-on-canadas-and-mexico-s-steel-and-aluminum U.S. Will Lift Tariffs On Steel And Aluminum From Canada And Mexico]. ''NPR''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Politi, James; Webber, Jude; Brunsden, Jim (May 17, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/9aca49e0-78a3-11e9-be7d-6d846537acab Donald Trump eases tariffs for allies as he focuses on China]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 18, 2019.
+Canada and Mexico lifted their retaliatory tariffs on May 20, 2019:
+*Lane, Sylvan (May 20, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/444581-canada-mexico-lift-tariffs-on-us-goods-after-trump-scraps-steel-aluminum Canada, Mexico lift tariffs on US goods after Trump scraps steel, aluminum levies]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (May 20, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/canada-and-mexico-lift-tariffs-against-us Canada and Mexico lift tariffs against US]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
+More on this:
+*Desai, Pratima; Saminather, Nichola (July 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-aluminium-consumers/aluminum-producers-in-canada-cash-in-on-u-s-tariff-exemption-idUSKCN1UI1CO Aluminum producers in Canada cash in on U.S. tariff exemption]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 23, 2019.</ref>
+*March 22, 2018—President Trump signed a memorandum using Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 that ordered the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative to begin several trade actions against China, including tariffs that could total around $50 billion.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Singman, Brooke (March 22, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/03/22/president-trump-announces-new-round-tariffs-investment-restrictions-against-china.html President Trump announces new round of tariffs, investment restrictions against China]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
+*Miller, S.A. (March 22, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/mar/22/trump-hits-china-60-billion-tariffs/ Trump hits China with $60 billion in tariffs]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
+*Carney, John (March 22, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/03/22/trump-will-announce-50-billion-of-anti-china-tariffs-and-restrictions-on-chinese-investments-in-the-u-s/ Trump Announces $50 Billion of Anti-China Tariffs and Restrictions on Chinese Investments in the U.S.] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
+*Needham, Vicki; Fabian, Jordan (March 22, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/379743-trump-slapping-50b-in-tariffs-penalties-on-china Trump says new tariffs, penalties on China could total $60B]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
+*Wroughton, Lesley; Rampton, Roberta (March 22, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade/trump-moves-toward-china-tariffs-in-warning-shot-on-technology-transfer-idUSKBN1GY26Y Trump moves toward China tariffs in warning shot on technology transfer]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
+*Chang, Peggy (March 22, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-launches-action-toward-imposing-tariffs-against-chinese-imports/4312076.html Trump Launches Action Toward Imposing Tariffs Against Chinese Imports]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
+According to [[Voice of America]], the last time Section 301 was used was during [[Bill Clinton]]'s presidency:
+*Herman, Steve (March 22, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-boosts-tariffs-on-chinese-imports-/4310648.html Trump Takes Action on Chinese Imports]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
+See also:
+*Moons, Michelle (March 22, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/03/22/trump-touts-major-trade-negotiations-with-china-while-signing-301-action-for-reciprocal-trade/ Trump Touts ‘Major’ Trade Negotiations with China While Signing 301 Action for ‘Reciprocal Trade’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 22, 2018.</ref> The Trump Administration released its proposed tariffs on April 3, 2018.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Chamberlain, Samuel (April 3, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/04/03/us-proposes-extra-tariffs-on-50b-in-chinese-products-to-protest-tech-theft.html US proposes extra tariffs on $50B in Chinese products to protest tech theft]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
+*Davis, Bob; Zumbrun, Josh; Wei, Lingling (April 3, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-announces-tariffs-on-50-billion-of-china-imports-1522792030 U.S. Announces Tariffs on $50 Billion of China Imports]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
+*Lawder, David (April 3, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-trade/u-s-escalates-china-trade-showdown-with-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-imports-idUSKCN1HA2Q9 U.S. escalates China trade showdown with tariffs on $50 billion in imports]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
+*Carney, John (April 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/04/04/trump-administration-unveils-tariffs-50-billion-chinese-imports/ Trump Administration Unveils Tariffs on $50 Billion of Chinese Imports]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
+*Miller, S.A. (April 3, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/apr/3/donald-trump-hits-china-tariffs-1300-products/ Trump hits China with tariffs on 1,300 products]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
+*Higgins, Sean (April 3, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/white-house-tariffs-target-vehicles-metals-health-products-from-china White House tariffs target vehicles, metals, health products from China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
+*[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-tariffs-fifty-billion-dollars-chinese-imports/4331106.html US Unveils Tariffs on $50 Billion Worth of Chinese Imports]. ''Voice of America'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved April 5, 2018.
+See also:
+*Carney, John (April 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/04/04/stocks-shrug-off-trade-war-talk/ Anti-Trump Narrative Fails As Stocks Shrug Off Trade War Talk]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 4, 2018.</ref> On April 5, 2018, President Trump ordered the USTR to consider $100 billion more in tariffs against China.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Dedaj, Paulina (April 5, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/04/05/trump-calls-for-consideration-100b-in-new-tariffs-against-china.html Trump calls for consideration of $100B in new tariffs against China]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
+*Spiering, Charlie (April 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/04/05/donald-trump-threatens-100-billion-more-tariffs-against-china/ Donald Trump Threatens $100 Billion More Tariffs Against China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
+*Boyer, Dave (April 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/apr/5/donald-trump-orders-review-100-billion-more-china-/ Trump orders review of $100 billion more in tariffs on China]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
+*Fabian, Jordan; Manchester, Julia (April 5, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/381900-trump-considering-100-billion-in-additional-tariffs-on-china Trump orders officials to look at $100 billion in new Chinese tariffs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/trump-proposes-100-billion-more-in-new-tariffs-on-china-idUSKCN1HC1RW Trump proposes $100 billion more in new tariffs on China]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
+*[https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-proposes-billions-more-tariffs-china/4334589.html Trump Proposes $100 Billion More in Tariffs on China]. ''Voice of America'' (from ''Reuters''). Retrieved April 5, 2018.</ref> On May 29, 2018, the Trump Administration announced it would move forward with the $50 billion tariffs, among other actions against China,<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/05/29/trump-renews-plan-to-impose-tariffs-on-50b-chinese-goods.html Trump renews plan to impose tariffs on $50B of Chinese goods]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved May 29, 2018.
+*Mauldin, William; Wei, Lingling (May 29, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-sets-dates-for-tariffs-investment-restrictions-on-china-1527599565 U.S. Moves Ahead on China Trade Curbs, Catching Beijing Off Guard]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
+*Moons, Michelle (May 29, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/29/u-s-levies-tariff-50-billion-chinese-tech/ U.S. Levies Tariff on $50 Billion in Chinese Tech Goods]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-to-continue-trade-actions-against-china-white-house-idUSKCN1IU1GQ U.S. to continue trade actions against China: White House]. ''Reuters''. May 29, 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
+*Needham, Vicki (May 29, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/389762-white-house-move-raises-trade-tensions-with-china White House move raises trade tensions with China]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
+*Bowden, John (May 29, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/389666-white-house-to-announce-further-trade-action-against-china-by-june-30 Trump moves forward with tech limits, tariffs ahead of China trade meeting]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
+*Chang, Peggy (May 29, 2018). [https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-to-impose-tariffs-on-50-billion-of-china-s-tech-goods-/4414602.html Trump to Impose Tariffs on $50B of China's Tech Goods]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved May 29, 2018.</ref> and it announced the details and implementation on June 15, 2018.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Spiering, Charlie (June 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/15/donald-trump-announces-25-percent-tariff-on-chinese-technology/ Donald Trump Announces 25 Percent Tariff on Chinese Goods and Technology]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
+*Miller, S.A. (June 15, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jun/15/us-announces-tariffs-50b-china-imports/ Trump tariffs hit $50 billion of Chinese goods]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
+*Adelmann, Bob (June 15, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29293-trump-slaps-tariffs-on-50-billion-of-chinese-goods Trump Slaps Tariffs on $50 Billion of Chinese Goods]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
+*Needham, Vicki; Greenwood, Max (June 15, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/392421-trump-announces-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods Trump announces tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
+*Fritze, John (June 15, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/15/trump-slaps-steep-tariffs-hundreds-chinese-made-products/704554002/ Trump slaps steep tariffs on hundreds of Chinese products]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
+*Lawder, David; Blanchard, Ben (June 15, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ministry/trump-sets-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods-beijing-strikes-back-idUSKBN1JB0KC Trump sets tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods; Beijing strikes back]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Thomas, Ken (June 15, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/303a7b27d54940f5a86da03ff79c2da0/A-trade-war-looms-as-Trump-slaps-tariffs-on-Chinese-imports A trade war looms as Trump slaps tariffs on Chinese imports]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
+China retaliated to President Trump's tariffs:
+*Moons, Michelle (June 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/15/china-retaliates-against-u-s-tariffs-equal-scale-penalties/ China Retaliates Against U.S. Tariffs with ‘Equal Scale’ Tax Measures]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
+*Klingel, Leia (June 15, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/trump-will-impose-tariffs-on-50-billion-of-chinese-goods-prepared-to-retaliate-if-needed China retaliates against Trump's $50B in tariffs, slaps tariffs worth as much on US goods]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
+*Davis, Bob; Salama, Vivian; Wei, Lingling (June 15, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/white-house-announces-tariffs-on-50-billion-of-goods-from-china-1529065534 China Issues Retaliatory Tariffs as Trade Fight Heats Up]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.</ref> On June 18, 2018, President Trump directed the USTR to identify $200 billion worth of Chinese products to enact 10% tariffs on if China would refuse to change its behavior and not implement retaliatory tariffs,<ref>Multiple references:
+*Boyer, Dave (June 18, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jun/18/donald-trump-readies-200-billion-china-tariffs-cit/ Trump threatens more tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese exports]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
+*Rocco, Matthew (June 18, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-threatens-to-slap-china-with-200-billion-in-new-tariffs Trump threatens to slap China with $200 billion in new tariffs]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
+*Moons, Michelle (June 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/18/trump-400b-tariffs-china-trade-practices/ Trump Orders Up to $400B in Tariffs if China Does Not Change Trade Practices]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
+*Needham, Vicki; Samuels, Brett (June 18, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/392906-trump-directs-trade-representative-to-prepare-tariffs-on-additional-200 Trump calls for tariffs on additional $200B in Chinese goods as trade war ramps up]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
+*Mauldin, William (June 18, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-readies-new-tariffs-for-china-1529365844 Donald Trump Threatens New Tariffs on $200 Billion in China Imports]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
+*Fritze, John (June 18, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/18/trump-threatens-new-tariffs-chinese-goods/712613002/ Trump threatens to slap new tariffs on $200 billion in Chinese goods]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
+*Correll, Diana Stancy (June 18, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-ratchets-up-trade-war-on-china-vows-tariffs-on-200-billion-worth-of-goods Trump ratchets up trade war on China, vows tariffs on $200 billion worth of goods]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
+See also:
+*Martina, Michael; Beech, Eric (June 18, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-trump/china-slams-u-s-blackmailing-as-trump-issues-new-trade-threat-idUSKBN1JE2ZQ China slams U.S. 'blackmailing' as Trump issues new trade threat]. ''Reuters''. June 18, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2018.</ref> something which it did on July 10, 2018.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Chamberlain, Samuel (July 10, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/07/10/us-prepares-to-impose-new-tariffs-on-additional-200b-worth-chinese-goods.html US prepares to impose new tariffs on additional $200B worth of Chinese goods]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
+*Bowden, John (July 10, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/396394-white-house-announces-additional-200-billion-in-tariffs-targeting-china White House announces additional $200B in tariffs targeting China]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
+*Davis, Bob (July 10, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-preparingadditionaltariffs-onup-to-200-billionof-chinese-imports-1531260864 U.S. Unveils Additional Tariffs on $200 Billion More in Chinese Imports]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
+*Carney, John (July 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/11/china_tariffs/ Trump Administration Announces New Tariffs on $200 Billion of China Goods]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
+*Boyer, Dave (July 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/10/donald-trump-hits-china-200-billion-new-tariffs/ Trump readies $200 billion in new tariffs as China trade war escalates]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
+*Higgins, Sean (July 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-administration-details-200b-in-new-tariffs-on-china Trump administration details $200B in new tariffs on China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 1, 2018.
+*Wiseman, Paul (July 10, 2018). [https://apnews.com/bb4bed54ad654e3a81ea3caf4268578c/US-proposes-tariffs-on-$200-billion-more-in-Chinese-imports US proposes tariffs on $200 billion more in Chinese imports]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
+China's reaction:
+*[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-44789827 China 'shocked' by US actions in trade dispute]. ''BBC News''. July 11, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
+*Beech, Eric; Glenn, Elias (July 10, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/china-says-will-hit-back-after-u-s-proposes-fresh-tariffs-on-200-billion-in-goods-idUSKBN1K1074 China says will hit back after U.S. proposes fresh tariffs on $200 billion in goods]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
+*McDonald, Joe (July 11, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/ca6cab70e13b45c8af2f40775e3a3a6b/China-vows-retaliation-for-$200-billion-US-tariff-threat China vows retaliation for $200 billion US tariff threat]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
+See also:
+*Schlesinger, Jacob M. (July 11, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/this-time-around-chinese-consumer-products-would-face-tariffs-1531341390 This Time Around, Chinese Consumer Products Would Face Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 11, 2018.</ref> On July 6, 2018, $34 billion worth of the tariffs went into effect.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Martin, Ken (July 6, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/tariffs-on-chinese-goods-now-in-effect Tariffs on Chinese goods now in effect]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (July 6, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-china-prepare-for-trade-battle-1530824054 U.S., China Dig In for Long Trade War as Tariffs Take Effect]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*[https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-tariffs-china/4470206.html Trump Tariffs Take Effect; China Retaliates]. ''Voice of America'' (from the ''Associated Press''). July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Needham, Vicki (July 6, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/395656-trump-trade-war-with-china-shifts-into-high-gear-Friday Trump's trade war with China shifts into high gear Friday]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Williams, Joe; Langford, James (July 6, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/business/trumps-trade-war-escalates-as-tariffs-slam-chinese-imports Trump's trade war escalates as tariffs slam Chinese imports]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*McDonald, Joe; Wiseman, Paul; Superville, Darlene (July 6, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/6/us-tariffs-take-effect-china-announces-retaliation/ U.S. tariffs take effect; China announces retaliation]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+China announced it would retaliate with its own additional tariffs:
+*Lieu, Amy (July 6, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/07/06/china-hits-back-after-u-s-imposes-tariffs-on-34b-in-chinese-imports.html China hits back after U.S. imposes tariffs on $34B in Chinese imports]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Hjelmgaard, Kim (July 6, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2018/07/06/trade-war-china-retaliates-after-trump-launches-34-billion-import-duties/762301002/ Trump launches $34 billion trade war and China 'immediately' fires back]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Martina, Michael; Lawder, David (July 5, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/as-tariffs-strike-china-blames-u-s-for-largest-scale-trade-war-idUSKBN1JW07L As tariffs strike, China blames U.S. for 'largest-scale trade war']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Hayward, John (July 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/07/05/china-u-s-opening-fire-entire-world-tariffs/ China: U.S. ‘Opening Fire on the Entire World’ with Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+The USTR's "'exclusion' process" from the tariffs:
+*Davis, Bob (July 6, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-trade-representative-announces-exclusion-process-for-products-hit-by-u-s-tariffs-on-china-1530906535 U.S. Trade Representative Announces ‘Exclusion’ Process for Products Hit by U.S. Tariffs on China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-exclusions/ustr-sets-90-day-deadline-for-china-tariff-exclusion-requests-idUSKBN1JW2UJ USTR sets 90-day deadline for China tariff exclusion requests]. ''Reuters''. July 6, 2018. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
+See also:
+*Miller, S.A. (July 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/5/donald-trump-prepares-more-china-tariffs/ Not backing down: Trump readies more tariffs on China]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Moons, Michelle (July 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/05/trump-confirms-34b-tariffs-on-china-possible-516b-more/ Trump Confirms $34B Tariffs on China, Possible $516B More]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Lawder, David; Glenn, Elias (July 4, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/trump-says-u-s-tariffs-on-chinese-goods-could-exceed-500-billion-idUSKBN1JV063 Trump says U.S. tariffs could be applied to Chinese goods worth $500 billion]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Byas, Steve (July 6, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29462-will-u-s-come-out-on-top-in-u-s-china-trade-war Will U.S. Come Out on Top in U.S.-China Trade War?] ''The New American''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.</ref> On August 1, 2018, President Trump directed the USTR to consider raising the proposed $200 billion tariff rates to 25% from 10%.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Dedaj, Paulina (August 1, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/08/01/trump-asks-trade-rep-to-consider-boosting-tariffs-on-chinese-imports-from-10-percent-to-25.html Trump asks trade rep to consider boosting tariffs on Chinese imports from 10 percent to 25]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
+*Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (August 1, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-expected-to-unveil-25-tariffs-on-proposed-200-billion-in-chinese-imports-1533147299 U.S. Turns Up the Heat on China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
+*Carney, John (August 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/08/01/white-house-plans-25-percent-tariffs-on-china/ White House Plans 25% Tariffs on China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
+*Lawder, David; Blanchard, Ben (August 1, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/trump-administration-adds-to-china-trade-pressure-with-higher-tariff-plan-idUSKBN1KM63U Trump administration adds to China trade pressure with higher tariff plan]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
+*Fritze, John (August 1, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/08/01/donald-trump-threatens-more-than-double-china-trade-tariffs/882232002/ Donald Trump threatens billions more in China trade tariffs; Beijing says it won't respond to U.S. 'blackmail']. ''USA Today''. Retrieved August 1, 2018.</ref> On August 7, 2018, the Trump Administration finalized 25% tariffs on $16 billion worth of Chinese imports,<ref>Multiple references:
+*Moons, Michelle (August 7, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/07/china-tariffs-on-16b-finalized-for-august-23-by-trump-administration/ Trump Slaps New Tariffs on $16 Billion of Chinese Imports]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
+*Schlesinger, Jacob M. (August 7, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-impose-tariffs-on-another-16-billion-in-chinese-imports-1533676339 U.S. to Impose Tariffs on Another $16 Billion in Chinese Imports]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
+*Rocco, Matthew (August 7, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/trump-administration-finalizes-tariffs-on-16-billion-in-chinese-goods Trump administration finalizes tariffs on $16 billion in Chinese goods]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
+*Elis, Niv (August 7, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/400791-trump-to-hit-china-with-16b-in-tariffs-on-aug-23 Trump to hit China with $16B in tariffs on Aug. 23]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
+*Lawder, David (August 7, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-finalizes-next-china-tariff-list-targeting-16-billion-in-imports-idUSKBN1KS2CB U.S. finalizes next China tariff list targeting $16 billion in imports]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
+*Collins, Michael (August 7, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/08/07/trump-trade-war-tariff-16-billion-chinese-goods/929268002/ Trump escalates trade war with 25 percent tariffs on another $16 billion in Chinese goods]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
+China's reaction:
+*Carney, John (August 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/08/08/china-strikes-back-promises-to-retaliate-with-16-billion-in-new-tariffs-on-u-s/ China Strikes Back! Promises to Retaliate with $16 Billion in New Tariffs on U.S.] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
+*Muñoz, Gabriella (August 8, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/8/china-slaps-us-with-25-retaliatory-tariff-on-16-bi/ China slaps U.S. with 25% retaliatory tariff on $16 billion worth of goods]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tariffs/china-to-slap-additional-tariffs-on-16-billion-worth-of-u-s-goods-idUSKBN1KT1IW China to slap additional tariffs on $16 billion worth of U.S. goods]. ''Reuters''. August 8, 2018. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
+*Kubota, Yoko (August 8, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-hunkers-down-for-a-long-trade-fight-1533731889 China Retaliates With New Tariffs, Hunkering Down for a Long Trade Fight]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
+*Yap, Chuin-Wei (August 9, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-tariff-turnaround-u-s-crude-oil-drops-off-the-target-list-1533814362 China’s Tariff Turnaround: U.S. Crude Oil Drops Off the Target List]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 9, 2018.</ref> with the tariffs going into effect on August 23, 2018.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Needham, Vicki (August 23, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/403315-us-implements-16b-in-tariffs-on-chinese-goods US implements $16B in tariffs on Chinese goods]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
+*Martin, Ken (August 23, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/us-china-impose-new-round-of-tariffs US, China impose new round of tariffs]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
+*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-u-s-fire-off-new-tariffs-in-middle-of-trade-talks-1535018365 China, U.S. Fire Off New Tariffs in Middle of Trade Talks]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
+*Collins, Michael (August 23, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/08/23/trade-war-u-s-china-hit-each-other-fresh-round-tariffs/1067951002/ U.S., China impose fresh round of tariffs as escalating trade war shows no signs of ending]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
+*Brokaw, Sommer (August 23, 2018). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2018/08/23/New-US-tariffs-kick-in-for-Chinese-goods-Beijing-retaliates/2391535018499/ New U.S. tariffs kick in for Chinese goods; Beijing retaliates]. ''UPI''. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
+*Martina, Michael; Lawder, David (August 22, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/us-china-talks-on-trade-war-resume-as-new-tariffs-kick-in-idUSKCN1L809K U.S.-China talks on trade war resume as new tariffs kick in]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 23, 2018.</ref> On September 17, 2018, the Trump Administration announced it would impose 10% tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese imports, with the rate planned to increase to 25% on January 1, 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Chamberlain, Samuel (September 17, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/09/17/trump-imposes-tariffs-on-additional-200b-chinese-goods.html Trump imposes tariffs on additional $200B of Chinese goods]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
+*Moons, Michelle (September 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/17/trump-issues-more-tariffs-on-200-billion-in-chinese-goods/ Trump Issues More Tariffs on $200 Billion in Chinese Goods]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
+*Miller, S.A. (September 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/17/trump-tariffs-200-billion-chinese-imports-will-inc/ Trump announces new tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese imports]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
+*Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Salama, Vivian (September 17, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-to-lay-out-line-on-china-trade-1537213209 Trump Announces New Tariffs on Chinese Imports]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
+*Adelmann, Bob (September 18, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/30104-trump-puts-tariffs-on-another-200b-of-chinese-imports-china-retaliates Trump Puts Tariffs on Another $200B of Chinese Imports; China Retaliates]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
+*Needham, Vicki (September 17, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/407117-trump-announces-tariffs-on-200b-in-chinese-goods Trump announces tariffs on $200B in Chinese goods]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
+*Lawder, David; Mason, Jeff (September 17, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tariffs/trump-slaps-tariffs-on-200-billion-in-chinese-goods-threatens-267-billion-more-idUSKCN1LX2M3 Trump slaps tariffs on $200 billion in Chinese goods, spares some consumer tech]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
+China's response to the tariffs:
+*Moons, Michelle (September 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/18/china-retaliates-levying-tariffs-on-60b-in-u-s-goods/ China Retaliates! Levies Tariffs on $60B in U.S. Goods]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
+*Wei, Lingling; Schlesinger, Jacob M. (September 19, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinese-officials-scramble-to-respond-to-trumps-new-tariffs-1537275015 China Retaliates With Tariffs on $60 Billion of U.S. Goods]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
+See also:
+*Carney, John (September 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/18/stocks-jump-higher-as-trump-escalates-trade-war/ Stocks Jump Higher as Trump Escalates Trade War]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
+*Bradsher, Keith (September 18, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/18/business/china-trade-war-retaliate.html China Once Looked Tough on Trade. Now Its Options Are Dwindling.] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
+*Chang, Gordon G. (September 17, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/gordon-chang-trumps-latest-china-tariffs-are-the-right-thing-to-do Gordon Chang: Trump's latest China tariffs are the right thing to do]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 8, 2019.</ref> On December 1, 2018, the White House announced the Trump Administration would not raise the tariff rate to 25% for at least 90 days while the two countries negotiated for a trade deal.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Casiano, Louis (December 2, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/u-s-china-agree-to-90-day-truce-to-has-out-trade-sifferences US, China agree to 90-day truce to hash out trade differences]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
+*Wong, Kristina (December 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/01/trump-to-hold-off-on-tariff-hikes-against-china-negotiations-continue/ Trump to Hold Off on Tariff Hikes Against China, Negotiations Continue]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Miller, Zeke; Lucey, Catherine (December 2, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/2/us-china-reach-90-day-cease-fire-trade-dispute/ U.S., China reach 90-day cease fire in trade dispute]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved December 2, 2018.
+*Bowden, John (December 1, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/419303-trump-xi-agree-to-90-day-tariff-pause-citing-progress-on-trade Trump, Xi agree to 90-day tariff pause citing progress on trade disputes]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
+*Wei, Lingling; Davis, Bob; Leary, Alex (December 2, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/meeting-between-trump-and-xi-went-very-well-adviser-says-1543711542 U.S., China Reach a Truce on Trade]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
+*Adelmann, Bob (December 3, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/30797-90-day-truce-called-in-u-s-china-trade-dispute 90-Day Truce Called in U.S.-China Trade Dispute]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
+However, some critics of China were concerned about this action:
+*Carney, John (December 2, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2018/12/02/chinatrucedisaster/ Buenos Aires Trade Truce Seen as a ‘Trap’ and a ‘Disaster’ by China Hawks]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
+See also:
+*Areddy, James T.; Jun, Kwanwoo (December 2, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/tariff-truce-with-china-eases-cold-war-fears-1543751615 Tariff Truce With China Eases ‘Cold War’ Fears]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
+*Miller, S.A. (December 2, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/2/business-roundtable-cheers-donald-trump-china-trad/ Trump's China trade truce cheered by U.S. business leaders]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
+*Spiering, Charlie (December 3, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/03/donald-trump-spins-90-day-china-truce-as-big-leap-forward/ Donald Trump Spins 90 Day China Truce as ‘Big Leap Forward’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
+*McDonald, Joe (December 3, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/3/us-china-trade-cease-fire-does-little-to-narrow-di/ China gets US tariff delay but movement on tech unclear]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved December 3, 2018.
+*Kelly, Laura; Howell, Tom (December 3, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/3/china-declares-fentanyl-illegal-amid-trump-pressur/ 'Game changer': China agrees to crack down on fentanyl after pressure from Trump]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
+*Adelmann, Bob (December 4, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/30811-improvements-in-china-trade-relations-to-happen-very-quickly-says-top-trump-official Improvements in China Trade Relations to Happen “Very Quickly” Says Top Trump Official]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
+*Salama, Vivian (December 4, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/john-bolton-calls-for-tougher-stance-on-intellectual-property-theft-1543935567 Trump Team Set to Take Tough Stand in 90-Day Trade Talks With China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
+*Stoll, John D. (December 8, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-tough-china-tack-wins-over-skeptical-ceos-1544245201 Trump’s Tough China Tack Wins Over Skeptical CEOs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
+Further developments:
+*Moons, Michelle (February 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/02/24/five-days-tariffs-president-donald-trump-deadline-china-trade/ 5 Days to Tariffs — President Donald Trump Extends Deadline After China Trade Talks]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
+*Chamberlain, Samuel (February 24, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-delays-china-tariff-hike-announces-xi-summit-citing-substantial-progress-in-trade-talks Trump delays China tariff hike, announces Xi summit, citing 'substantial progress' in trade talks]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
+*Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (February 24, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-to-delay-tariff-increases-on-chinese-imports-11551050187 Trump to Delay Tariff Increases on Chinese Imports]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
+*Carney, John (February 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2019/02/24/china-hawks-ok-tariff-delay/ Many China Hawks Okay with Tariff Delay]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (March 1, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-administration-postponing-china-tariff-hikes-indefinitely Trump administration 'postponing' China tariff hikes indefinitely]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tariffs-ustr/u-s-trade-representative-issues-notice-on-delay-of-china-tariff-increase-idUSKCN1QI5GD U.S. Trade Representative issues notice on delay of China tariff increase]. ''Reuters''. March 1, 2019. Retrieved March 1, 2019.</ref> The tariff increase ultimately was implemented on May 10, 2019.<ref name="ChinaTariffsMay2019"/>
+*April 19, 2018—President Trump signed an executive order that, among other changes, loosened U.S. regulations on arms exports to foreign countries and sped up the approval process for weapons sales, including those for military drones.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Stone, Mike (April 19, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-arms/trump-launches-effort-to-boost-u-s-weapons-sales-abroad-idUSKBN1HQ2E6 Trump launches effort to boost U.S. weapons sales abroad]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
+*Muñoz, Carlo (April 19, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/apr/19/armed-drones-now-sold-overseas-us-without-pentagon/ ‘Buy America’: Trump approves direct overseas sales of armed U.S. drones]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
+*Mehta, Aaron (April 19, 2018). [https://www.defensenews.com/news/pentagon-congress/2018/04/19/trump-admin-rolls-out-new-rules-for-weapon-drone-sales-abroad/ Trump admin rolls out new rules for weapon, drone sales abroad]. ''Defense News''. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
+*Korte, Gregory (April 19, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/04/19/trump-military-equipment-loosens-restrictions-arms-sales/532668002/ Hawking drones to U.S. allies, Trump loosens policy on arms sales to foreign countries]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
+*Manson, Katrina (April 19, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/a48b8f56-43e4-11e8-803a-295c97e6fd0b Trump relaxes conditions over sale of US killer drones]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
+*Olorunnipa, Toluse; Capaccio, Anthony (April 19, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-19/trump-s-push-for-more-arms-exports-includes-easing-drone-limits Trump Orders Agencies to Expedite and Expand Arms Sales Abroad]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
+*McFarland, Susan (April 19, 2018). [https://www.upi.com/Trump-cuts-red-tape-in-sales-of-armed-drones/5031524160165/ Trump cuts red tape in sales of armed drones]. ''UPI''. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
+*Sonne, Paul (April 19, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-administration-looks-to-encourage-us-arms-sales-abroad-including-drone-exports/2018/04/19/eaa432ac-4409-11e8-baaf-8b3c5a3da888_story.html Trump administration looks to encourage U.S. arms sales abroad, including drone exports]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
+See also:
+*Muñoz, Carlo (April 19, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/apr/19/white-house-releases-new-us-arms-sales-policy/ White House releases new U.S. arms sales policy]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
+*Spetalnick, Matt; Stone, Mike (April 17, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-arms-insight/arming-the-world-inside-trumps-buy-american-drive-to-expand-weapons-exports-idUSKBN1HO2PT Arming the world: Inside Trump's 'Buy American' drive to expand weapons exports]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
+*Navarro, Peter (April 23, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/navarro-arms-transfer-policy Peter Navarro: President Trump’s Conventional Arms Transfer policy is strengthening America and its allies]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 3, 2019.</ref> The Defense Department took steps to decrease the amount of time needed to complete foreign arms sales.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Mehta, Aaron (December 8, 2017). [https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2017/12/08/heres-how-ellen-lord-will-reduce-acquisition-time-by-50-percent/ Here’s how Ellen Lord will reduce acquisition time by 50 percent]. ''Defense News''. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
+*[https://sputniknews.com/us/201805251064824362-Pentagon-Contracts-Speed-Sales/ Pentagon Using US Middlemen, Boilerplate Contracts to Speed Foreign Arms Sales]. ''Sputnik''. May 25, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
+See also:
+*Mehta, Aaron (November 8, 2018). [https://www.defensenews.com/industry/2018/11/08/heres-how-the-trump-administration-plans-to-increase-american-weapon-sales-abroad/ Here’s how the Trump administration plans to increase American weapon sales abroad]. ''Defense News''. Retrieved November 11, 2018.</ref>
+*May 14, 2018—The Trump Administration began the process of loosening regulations for certain small-arms exports and changing the agency giving approval from the State to Commerce Department.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Wheeler, Lydia (May 15, 2018). [https://thehill.com/regulation/administration/387785-trump-administration-releases-plan-to-shift-gun-export-approvals Trump administration releases plan to shift gun export approvals]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
+*Taylor, Guy (May 14, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/14/trump-administration-moves-shift-small-arms-gun-ex/ Trump move would make it easier for U.S. gun manufacturers to export firearms]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
+*Mehta, Aaron (May 15, 2018). [https://www.defensenews.com/global/2018/05/15/selling-guns-could-got-easier-thanks-to-the-trump-administration/ Selling guns abroad could get easier, thanks to the Trump administration]. ''Defense News''. Retrieved May 15, 2018.</ref> It officially published the proposed rule changes on May 24, 2018.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-05-24/pdf/2018-10367.pdf Control of Firearms, Guns, Ammunition and Related Articles the President Determines No Longer Warrant Control Under the United States Munitions List (USML)]. ''Federal Register''. May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
+*[https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-05-24/pdf/2018-10366.pdf International Traffic in Arms Regulations: U.S. Munitions List Categories I, II, and III]. ''Federal Register''. May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
+See also:
+*Hsu, Tiffany; Ismay, John (May 23, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/23/business/gun-exports-trump.html A Bid to Increase Gun Exports, Stalled After Sandy Hook, Moves Ahead]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
+*Stone, Mike (May 25, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-guns/trump-administration-to-publish-proposed-rule-changes-for-gun-exports-official-idUSKCN1IN2S7 Trump administration to publish proposed rule changes for gun exports: official]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
+*De lea, Brittany (May 23, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-administration-ready-to-ease-gun-export-policy Trump administration ready to ease gun export policies]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved May 25, 2018.</ref> In July 2018, President Trump approved the State Department's proposed implementation plan for the new policy.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Gould, Joe (July 16, 2018). [https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/farnborough/2018/07/16/trump-advances-buy-america-arms-sales-plans/ Trump advances ‘Buy American’ arms sales plans]. ''Defense News''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+*Doubleday, Justin (July 16, 2018). [https://insidedefense.com/insider/white-house-approves-action-plan-new-conventional-arms-transfer-policy White House approves action plan for new conventional arms transfer policy]. ''Inside Defense''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+Conservative criticism of the policy:
+*Wolverton, Joe (July 17, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29555-pres-trump-s-conventional-arms-transfer-policy-calls-for-increased-u-s-global-military-presence Pres. Trump's Conventional Arms Transfer Policy Calls for Increased U.S. Global Military Presence]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+See also:
+*Linskey, Annie (June 23, 2018). [https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2018/06/23/donald-trump-wants-make-foreign-arms-sales-easier/CbCdWIizroV6DjlCIXEVML/story.html Trump wants to make foreign arms sales easier]. ''The Boston Globe''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.</ref> In February 2019, the Trump Administration finalized the new rules.<ref name="NewGunExRules"/>
+*The Trump Administration, in an effort to save U.S. jobs, reached agreements with [[Qatar]]<ref>Multiple references:
+*Josephs, Leslie (January 30, 2018). [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/30/under-pressure-from-us-airlines-qatar-airways-agrees-to-open-its-books.html Under pressure from US airlines, Qatar Airways agrees to open its books]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+*Wadhams, Nick; Sasso, Michael (January 28, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-28/qatar-agrees-to-transparency-to-resolve-u-s-airline-dispute Qatar Agrees to Transparency to Resolve U.S. Airline Dispute]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+*Lederman, Josh (January 30, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/a226f992331145a8bccbcd55eb534fa4/US,-Qatar-reach-agreement-on-subsidy-spat-with-airlines US, Qatar reach agreement on subsidy spat with airlines]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+*Blackwell, Ken (January 29, 2018). [https://www.cnsnews.com/commentary/ken-blackwell/trump-strikes-major-victory-trade-brings-qatar-table-open-skies-agreement Trump Strikes Major Victory on Trade: Brings Qatar to Table on Open Skies Agreement]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+*Martin, Jenny Beth (February 9, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/feb/9/us-open-skies-qatar-agreement-helps-make-america-g/ Here’s how Trump’s Open Skies deal with Qatar will help make America great again]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+See also:
+*Shelbourne, Mallory (January 30, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/transportation/aviation/371440-airline-executives-praise-trump-administrations-agreement-with Airline executives praise US agreement with Qatar over subsidies]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+*Klukowski, Ken (May 16, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/16/exclusive-document-reveals-obama-official-trying-to-stop-trump-enforcing-air-trade-agreement/ Exclusive: Document Reveals Obama Official Trying to Stop Trump Enforcing Air Trade Agreement]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 16, 2019.</ref> and the [[United Arab Emirates]]<ref>Multiple references:
+*Klukowski, Ken (May 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/11/trumps-america-first-agendawins-trade-dispute-united-arab-emirates/ Trump’s America First Agenda Wins Trade Dispute with United Arab Emirates]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+*Greenwood, Max (May 11, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/transportation/387324-us-uae-reach-deal-on-open-skies-report US, UAE reach deal on Open Skies: report]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+*Burnley, James H. (May 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/17/a-voice-for-the-american-worker/ A voice for the American worker]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+*Blackwell, Ken (May 15, 2018). [https://www.cnsnews.com/commentary/ken-blackwell/another-trump-promise-fulfilled-enforcing-trade-agreements Another Trump Promise Fulfilled: Enforcing Trade Agreements]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+Some mainstream media outlets disputed that the agreements benefited the U.S.:
+*A.W. (May 14, 2018). [https://www.economist.com/gulliver/2018/05/14/airlines-in-america-fail-in-their-campaign-against-the-gulf-carriers Airlines in America fail in their campaign against the Gulf carriers]. ''The Economist''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+*Nunes, Ashley (May 15, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/05/15/the-u-s-and-uae-resolved-an-air-dispute-or-did-they/  The U.S. and UAE resolved an air dispute. Or did they?] ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+U.S. airlines reacted positively to the agreement:
+*Brokaw, Sommer (May 15, 2018). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2018/05/15/Delta-plans-more-international-flights-after-US-Emirates-deal/4411526396594/ Delta plans more international flights after U.S.-Emirates deal]. ''UPI''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
+*Benning, Tom (May 14, 2018). [https://www.dallasnews.com/business/airlines/2018/05/14/american-airlines-praises-trump-administration-striking-deal-dispute-gulf-carriers American Airlines praises Trump administration for striking deal in dispute with Gulf carriers]. ''The Dallas Morning News''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.</ref> in a dispute over the two countries subsidizing their airlines.
+*May 21, 2018—The Commerce Department enacted high tariffs against Chinese steel products shipped from [[Vietnam]] in violation of U.S. anti-dumping and anti-subsidy rules.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-steel/u-s-slaps-heavy-duties-on-chinese-steel-from-vietnam-idUSKCN1IM28C U.S. slaps heavy duties on Chinese steel shipped from Vietnam]. ''Reuters''. May 21, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
+*[https://www.apnews.com/b623aec438d241489a22a09abd3b9b06/US-hikes-tariffs-on-Chinese-steel-exported-via-Vietnam US hikes tariffs on Chinese steel exported via Vietnam]. ''Associated Press''. May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
+*Moons, Michelle (May 22, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/22/china-using-vietnam-circumvent-anti-steel-dumping-measures/ China Using Vietnam to Circumvent Anti-Steel Dumping Measures, Commerce Department Finds]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
+See also:
+*Yap, Chuin-Wei; Patterson, Scott; Tita, Bob (April 10, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/for-chinese-steel-the-road-to-the-u-s-goes-through-vietnam-1523352601 U.S. Accuses Chinese Firms of Rerouting Goods to Disguise Their Origin]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 21, 2018.</ref>
+*May 23, 2018—At the request of President Trump, the Commerce Department began an investigation into whether auto imports pose a national security threat to the U.S.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Moons, Michelle (May 23, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/23/trump-launches-investigation-of-auto-import-threat-to-national-security-tariffs-could-follow/ Trump Launches Investigation of Auto Import Threat to National Security; Tariffs Could Follow]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
+*Miller, S.A. (May 23, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/23/donald-trump-seeks-section-232-investigation-move-/ Trump moves toward auto import tariffs with call for Section 232 investigation]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
+*Mauldin, William; Puko, Timothy; O'Keeffe, Kate (May 23, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-weighs-new-tariffs-on-imported-vehicles-1527106235 Trump Administration Looks Into New Tariffs on Imported Vehicles]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
+*Shepardson, David; Mason, Jeff (May 23, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-autos/u-s-launches-auto-import-probe-china-says-will-defend-interests-idUSKCN1IO1YM U.S. launches auto import probe, China says will defend interests]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
+*Korte, Gregory (May 23, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/05/23/auto-tariffs-trump-proposes-taxes-imported-cars-trucks-parts/639385002/ Trump calls for new tariffs on imported cars and trucks, escalating trade wars]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
+*Mayeda, Andrew; Beene, Ryan (May 23, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-24/trump-orders-probe-to-consider-tariffs-on-u-s-auto-imports U.S. Starts Probe to Consider Tariffs on Car, Truck Imports]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
+See also:
+*Carney, John (May 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/24/wilbur-ross-economic-security-is-military-security/ Wilbur Ross: ‘Economic Security Is Military Security’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 24, 2018.</ref> The department formally delivered the results of the report to President Trump on February 17, 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Higgins, Sean (February 18, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/white-house-inches-closer-to-decision-on-auto-tariffs White House inches closer to decision on auto tariffs]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
+*Lawder, David; Shepardson, David (February 17, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-autos/u-s-agency-submits-auto-tariff-probe-report-to-white-house-idUSKCN1Q706C U.S. agency submits auto tariff probe report to White House]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
+*Mayeda, Andrew; Leonard, Jenny (February 17, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-18/trump-receives-report-on-u-s-security-threat-of-auto-imports Trump Receives Report on U.S. Security Threat of Car Imports]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
+*Williams, Joe (February 18, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/trump-receives-report-on-auto-tariffs-as-industry-braces-for-outcome Trump mulls new auto tariffs as industry braces for outcome]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved February 18, 2019.</ref>
+*June 8–9, 2018—At the annual [[G7]] summit, President Trump took strong "America First" stances on trade and other issues,<ref>Multiple references:
+*Caplan, Joshua (June 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/09/g7-summit-trump-gives-masterclass-in-america-first-to-globalists/ G7 Summit: Trump Gives Masterclass in ‘America First’ to Globalists]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*Greenwood, Max (June 9, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/391487-trump-plays-hardball-with-us-allies-at-g-7-summit Trump takes hard line with US allies at G-7 summit]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*Carney, John (June 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/09/trump-america-will-no-longer-be-the-piggy-bank-that-everyone-is-robbing/ Trump: America Will No Longer Be the ‘Piggy Bank that Everyone is Robbing’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*Shaw, Adam (June 9, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/06/09/trump-says-us-is-like-piggy-bank-that-everybody-is-robbing-on-trade.html Trump says US is like a 'piggy bank that everybody is robbing' on trade]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*Strupczewski, Jan; Vey, Jean-Baptiste (June 9, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g7-summit-mood/one-rant-rough-talks-sour-g7-mood-in-confrontations-with-trump-idUSKCN1J50X6 One 'rant,' rough talks sour G7 mood in confrontations with Trump]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+President Trump also made strong statements on trade shortly before leaving for the summit:
+*Shaw, Adam (June 8, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/06/08/trump-kicks-off-g-7-summit-with-dings-at-canada-europe-over-trade-policies.html Trump kicks off G-7 summit with dings at Canada, Europe over trade policies]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*Ljunggren, David; Vey, Jean-Baptiste (June 7, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g7-summit/trump-attacks-eu-and-canada-on-trade-amid-backlash-ahead-of-g7-summit-idUSKCN1J31VQ Trump attacks EU and Canada on trade amid backlash ahead of G7 summit]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+See also:
+*Pollak, Joel B. (June 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/10/pollak-trump-calls-g-7s-free-trade-bluff/ Pollak: Trump Calls G-7’s ‘Free Trade’ Bluff]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*Jasper, William F. (June 12, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/north-america/item/29266-globalists-fulminate-over-trump-smack-to-g7-new-world-order Globalists Fulminate Over Trump Smack to G7, New World Order]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 12, 2018.</ref> and he retracted his country's support of the summit's joint statement due to false statements made by Canada's prime minister – the summit's host – against him.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Sanchez, Luis (June 9, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/391516-trump-refuses-to-endorse-g7-communique Trump refuses to endorse G-7 communique, threatens Canada with more tariffs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*Zwirz, Elizabeth (June 9, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/06/09/trump-slams-canadian-pm-as-dishonest-and-weak-pulls-back-on-g-7-communique-endorsement.html Trump slams Canadian PM as 'dishonest and weak,' pulls back on G-7 communique endorsement]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*Salama, Vivian; Mackrael, Kim; Vieira, Paul (June 9, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-pitches-tariff-free-trade-zone-to-g-7-allies-1528556581 Trump Says U.S. Won’t Endorse G-7 Communiqué, Threatens Auto Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*Fritze, John (June 9, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/09/trump-says-u-s-wont-piggy-bank-trade-g-7-tariffs/687532002/ Trump says U.S. won't endorse G-7 joint statement with world leaders, accuses Trudeau of 'false statements']. ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*Rampton, Roberta; Vey, Jean-Baptiste (June 9, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g7-summit/trump-torpedoes-g7-effort-to-ease-trade-spat-threatens-auto-tariffs-idUSKCN1J50H3 Trump torpedoes G7 effort to ease trade spat, threatens auto tariffs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+*Boyer, Dave (June 9, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jun/9/donald-trump-pulls-out-support-g7-agreement-accusi/ Trump pulls out support for G-7 agreement, accusing Trudeau of false statement]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 10, 2018.
+See also:
+*Jasper, William F. (June 12, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/north-america/item/29272-thank-you-president-trump-for-not-signing-the-g7-communique Thank You, President Trump, For Not Signing the G7 Communique]. The New American''. Retrieved June 12, 2018.</ref>
+*July 18, 2018—The Commerce Department announced it would investigate whether [[uranium]] imports threaten U.S. national security.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Vogt, Heidi; Puko, Timothy (July 18, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-investigating-uranium-imports-under-national-security-concerns-1531928062 Trump Administration Investigating Uranium Imports Under National Security Concerns]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+*Bowden, John (July 18, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/397650-commerce-reviewing-impact-of-uranium-imports-on-national-security Commerce Dept. reviewing impact of uranium imports on US national security]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+*Bastasch, Michael (July 18, 2018). [https://dailycaller.com/2018/07/18/trump-nuclear-tariffs-tax/ Trump May Go Nuclear on Tariffs and Tax Uranium Imports]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+*Church, Nate (July 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/19/investigate-natsec-risks-uranium-imports/ Trump Administration Investigating National Security Risks of Uranium Imports]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
+*Swanson, Ana; Plumer, Brad (July 18, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/us/politics/trump-uranium-import-probe-tariffs.html U.S. Opens Inquiry Into Uranium Imports in Sign That Trade War Is Spreading]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+*Mayeda, Andrew; Efstathiou Jr, Jim (July 18, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-18/u-s-launches-probe-of-uranium-imports-that-may-lead-to-tariffs Trade War Spills Into Uranium as U.S. Weighs Import Tariffs]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+*[https://in.reuters.com/article/usa-trade-uranium/u-s-commerce-launches-national-security-probe-into-uranium-imports-idINKBN1K821E U.S. Commerce launches national security probe into uranium imports]. ''Reuters''. July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+*DiChristopher, Tom (July 18, 2018). [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/18/trump-administration-opens-uranium-import-probe-new-tariffs-possible.html Trump administration opens investigation into uranium imports, potentially teeing up new tariffs]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+*Crooks, Ed (July 18, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/f23cc632-8ac2-11e8-b18d-0181731a0340 Trump administration weighs tariffs on uranium imports]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.</ref> In a decision made on July 12, 2019, President Trump declined to establish uranium import quotas, though he did acknowledge that the Commerce Department's findings "raise significant concerns" and ordered a deeper review by a working group to make recommendations.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Boyer, Dave (July 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jul/13/donald-trump-rejects-quotas-uranium-imports/ Trump rejects quotas for uranium imports]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
+*Lemire, Jonathan; Fonseca, Felicia (July 13, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/059d94aee6a74d0fb9d0375cf3b2c120 Trump says he will not impose uranium quotas]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
+*Volcovici, Valerie; Gardner, Timothy (July 12, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-uranium/trump-declines-to-set-u-s-uranium-production-quotas-idUSKCN1U8032 Trump declines to set U.S. uranium production quotas]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana (July 13, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/13/us/politics/trump-uranium-trade.html Trump Backs Away From Barriers on Foreign Uranium]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
+*Jacobs, Jennifer; Natter, Ari; Wade, Will (July 12, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-12/trump-denies-uranium-miners-an-import-cap-in-big-win-for-nuclear Trump Finds a Trade Fight He Doesn't Like in Uranium Imports]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
+*Lemire, Jonathan; Fonseca, Felicia (July 14, 2019). [https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2019/07/14/trump-wont-impose-foreign-uranium-quotas/ Trump won’t impose foreign uranium quotas]. ''Navy Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved July 14, 2019.
+*Carney, Todd (August 6, 2019). [https://www.lawfareblog.com/trump-backs-away-uranium-quota Trump Backs Away From Uranium Quota]. ''Lawfare''. Retrieved August 8, 2019.</ref>
+*August 10, 2018—President Trump announced the U.S. would double its aluminum and steel tariffs against Turkey, coming during a dispute over Turkey's detainment of an American pastor in the country as well as the devaluing of Turkey's Lira currency.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Spiering, Charlie (August 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/10/trump-authorizes-more-steel-aluminum-tariffs-turkey/ Donald Trump Authorizes More Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on Turkey]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
+*Muñoz, Gabriella (August 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/10/donald-trump-decides-to-double-tariffs-on-turkey-r/ Trump decides to double tariffs on Turkey: Relations 'are not good at this time!'] ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 11, 2018.
+*Lane, Sylvan (August 10, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/401220-trump-doubles-tariffs-on-turkey Trump doubles tariffs on Turkey]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
+*Lambert, Lisa (August 10, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-turkey-currency-usa/trump-doubles-tariffs-on-turkish-steel-and-aluminium-says-relations-not-good-idUSKBN1KV1H4 Trump escalates feud with Turkey, imposing higher metals tariffs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
+*Jackson, David; Shesgreen, Deirdre (August 10, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/08/10/trump-increases-tariffs-aluminum-turkey-imprisoned-us-pastor-andrew-brunson/955197002/ President Trump hits Turkey with heavier tariffs on steel and aluminum]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
+*Ballhaus, Rebecca; Schlesinger, Jacob M. (August 10, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-vows-to-double-metals-tariffs-on-turkey-as-dispute-escalates-over-detained-american-1533906681 Trump Vows to Double Metals Tariffs on Turkey as Dispute Escalates Over Detained American]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
+*Gall, Carlotta; Ewing, Jack (August 10, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/business/turkey-erdogan-economy-lira.html Tensions Between Turkey and U.S. Soar as Trump Orders New Sanctions]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
+*[https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-08-15/pdf/2018-17703.pdf Proclamation 9772 of August 10, 2018 -- Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States]. ''Federal Register''. August 15, 2018. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
+See also:
+*Hayward, John (August 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2018/08/10/turkish-president-erdogan-scrambles-to-reassure-investors-as-lira-tumbles-under-trump-tariff-threat/ Turkish President Erdogan Scrambles to Reassure Investors as Lira Tumbles Under Trump Tariff Threat]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
+*Schlesinger, Jacob M. (August 11, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-break-from-precedent-trump-seeks-to-aggravate-turkeys-currency-crisis-not-calm-it-1534003201 In Break From Precedent, Trump’s Moves Aggravate Turkey’s Currency Crisis, Rather Than Calm It]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 11, 2018.</ref> On May 16, 2019, President Trump signed a proclamation reducing the steel tariff back to 25%, citing its success in reducing Turkey's exports to the U.S., and he also ended the country's preferential trade status.<ref name="TrumpTurkey2019"/>
+*August 23, 2018—President Trump signed a memorandum making it U.S. policy to end international mail discounts created by a UN agency which made it cheaper to send a product to the U.S. from a foreign country than from a location inside the United States.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Vogt, Heidi (August 24, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-calls-for-end-to-discounts-for-international-mail-1535144868 Trump Calls for End to Discounts for International Mail]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
+*Dastin, Jeffrey (August 24, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-mail-fees/u-s-calls-foreign-mail-system-unfair-in-surprise-win-for-amazon-idUSKCN1L91W2 U.S. calls foreign mail system unfair in surprise win for Amazon]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
+*Chipman, Kim (August 23, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-24/trump-seeks-changes-in-the-international-postal-rate-system Trump Seeks Changes in the International Postal Rate System]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
+*Soper, Spencer; De Vynck, Gerrit (August 25, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-24/trump-takes-aim-at-china-questioning-international-postal-rates Trump Takes Aim at China by Questioning International Postal Rates]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
+*Williams, Joe (August 24, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/business/trump-administration-seeks-to-end-lower-shipping-rates-for-china-and-others Trump administration seeks to end lower shipping rates for China and others]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 25, 2018.</ref> On October 17, 2018, the Trump Administration formally announced it would begin the process of withdrawing from the Universal Postal Union.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Vogt, Heidi (October 17, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-moves-to-end-deep-discounts-for-packages-from-china-1539791629 Trump Administration Moves to End Deep Discounts for Packages From China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
+*Boyer, Dave (October 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/17/trump-pulling-out-international-pact-postal-rates/ Trump pulling U.S. out of international pact on postal rates]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
+*Pentchoukov, Ivan (October 17, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-announces-withdrawal-from-universal-postal-union_2692115.html US Announces Intent to Withdraw From Universal Postal Union]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
+*Fabian, Jordan (October 17, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/411828-us-announces-intent-to-withdraw-from-international-postal-rate-system US announces intent to withdraw from international postal rate system]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
+*Donachie, Robert; Higgins, Sean (October 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/trump-draws-fresh-battle-lines-with-china-by-withdrawing-from-shipping-treaty Trump draws fresh battle lines with China by withdrawing from shipping treaty]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
+*Sink, Justin; Sebenius, Alyza (October 17, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-17/trump-is-said-to-plan-withdrawal-from-china-shipping-treaty Trump to Withdraw U.S. From Postal Treaty, Squeezing China]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
+*De Lea, Brittany (October 17, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/trump-threatens-pullout-from-postal-treaty-favoring-chinese-shippers Trump threatens pullout from postal treaty favoring Chinese shippers]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
+*Thrush, Glenn (October 17, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/17/us/politics/trump-china-shipping.html Trump Opens New Front in His Battle With China: International Shipping]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
+*Paquette, Danielle (October 17, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trump-ditches-144-year-old-postal-pact-that-boosts-chinese-retailers/2018/10/17/88aefea6-d234-11e8-8c22-fa2ef74bd6d6_story.html Trump ditches 144-year-old postal pact that boosts Chinese retailers]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
+See also:
+*Ip, Greg (October 24, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/send-word-trump-is-right-to-fight-some-global-rules-1540386000 Send Word: Trump Is Right to Fight Some Global Rules]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
+*Akan, Emel (March 7, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-seeks-to-reduce-counterfeiting-enabled-by-universal-postal-union_2827571.html Trump Seeks to Reduce Counterfeiting Enabled by Universal Postal Union]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved March 7, 2019.</ref> On September 25, 2019, the Trump Administration reached a deal with the UPU that satisfied its complaints.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Bowden, John (September 25, 2019). [https://thehill.com/regulation/international/463006-us-to-remain-in-international-postal-union-after-deal-reached US to remain in international postal union after deal reached]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Nebehay, Stephanie (September 25, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-postal/u-n-postal-union-clinches-deal-to-keep-u-s-in-club-idUSKBN1WA247 U.N. postal union clinches deal to keep U.S. in club]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Bounds, Andy (September 25, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/2e2aea90-dfb1-11e9-b112-9624ec9edc59 US strong-arm approach pays off in international postal dispute]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Cumming-Bruce, Nick (September 25, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/25/business/universal-postal-union-withdraw.html U.S. Will Remain in Postal Treaty After Emergency Talks]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Tausche, Kayla (September 25, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/25/postal-compromise-close-as-us-pushes-global-mail-reforms-amazon-fedex-impact.html Global postal group reaches deal to avoid US withdrawal]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*De Lea, Brittany (September 25, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/features/us-remain-international-postal-union US to remain in international postal union after demanding reform to 'antiquated' rate structure]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Keaten, Jamey (September 25, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/462275bdffed4f60b43a47799c93312d Postal union accepts reform, quashes US walkout threat]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49833914 World postal rates overhauled after US quit threat]. ''BBC News''. September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/25/un-universal-postal-union-mail-deal-trump Global postal union reaches deal to prevent 'nightmare' of US exit]. ''The Guardian'' (from ''Reuters''). September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Schlein, Lisa (September 25, 2019). [https://www.voanews.com/europe/compromise-keeps-us-universal-postal-union Compromise Keeps US in Universal Postal Union]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
+*Olson, Wyatt (September 25, 2019). [https://www.stripes.com/news/us/treaty-deal-averts-military-mail-disruption-but-cost-of-shipping-overseas-likely-to-rise-1.600497 Treaty deal averts military mail disruption but cost of shipping overseas likely to rise]. ''Stars and Stripes''. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
+See also:
+*Akan, Emel (September 29, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-businesses-welcome-international-postal-rate-reform_3100419.html US Businesses Welcome International Postal Rate Reform]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved September 29, 2019.
+*Marchand, Ross (October 7, 2019). [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/no-fair-americans-pay-way-more-to-send-goods-to-china/ No Fair! Americans Pay Way More to Send Goods to China]. ''The American Conservative''. Retrieved October 8, 2019.</ref>
+*September 24, 2018—President Trump signed a revised trade agreement that his administration renegotiated with [[South Korea]]'s president.<ref name="KoreanTrade"/> The agreement did not require U.S. Senate approval,<ref name="KoreanTrade">Multiple references:
+*Spiering, Charlie (September 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/24/trump-renegotiated-trade-agreement-south-korea/ Donald Trump Signs Renegotiated Trade Agreement with South Korea]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
+*Miles, Frank (September 24, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/09/24/trump-at-un-general-assembly-signs-major-trade-deal-with-south-korea-reveals-possible-kim-jong-un-meeting-soon.html Trump, at UN General Assembly, signs major trade deal with South Korea, reveals possible Kim Jong Un meeting 'soon']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-southkorea-trade/trump-calls-new-u-s-south-korea-trade-deal-a-historic-milestone-idUSKCN1M42IJ Trump calls new U.S.-South Korea trade deal a historic milestone]. ''Reuters''. September 24, 2018. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
+*Higgins, Sean (September 25, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-claims-victory-with-inked-south-korea-trade-deal Trump claims victory with inked South Korea trade deal]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
+*Lee, Youkyung; Tweed, David; Leonard, Jenny (September 24, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-24/trump-clinches-his-first-trade-deal-in-revamped-south-korea-pact Trump Clinches His First Trade Deal With Revamped South Korea Pact]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
+*Tankersley, Jim (September 24, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/24/us/politics/south-korea-trump-trade-deal.html Trump Signs Revised Korean Trade Deal]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved September 25, 2018.</ref> and South Korea's parliament ratified it on December 7, 2018.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Jun, Kwanwoo (December 7, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/south-korea-parliament-ratifies-revised-u-s-trade-deal-1544217832 South Korea Parliament Ratifies Revised U.S. Trade Deal]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-trade-usa/south-koreas-parliament-ratifies-revised-fta-with-u-s-idUSKBN1O61Y7 South Korea's parliament ratifies revised FTA with U.S.] ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 7, 2018.</ref>
+*November 7, 2018—The Commerce Department announced it would impose tariffs on Chinese aluminum sheet products, the first time since 1985 that it had enacted final tariffs in a self-initiated investigation.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Lawder, David; Shepardson, David (November 7, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-aluminum/u-s-to-impose-new-duties-on-chinese-aluminum-sheet-products-idUSKCN1NC2P5 U.S. to impose new duties on Chinese aluminum sheet products]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-to-impose-new-duties-on-chinese-aluminum-sheet-products_2711365.html US to Impose New Duties on Chinese Aluminum Sheet Products]. ''The Epoch Times'' (from ''Reuters''). November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
+*[https://www.econotimes.com/Global-Geopolitical-Series-US-penalizes-China-after-self-initiated-investigation-on-imports-of-Aluminum-sheet-1455346 Global Geopolitical Series: U.S. penalizes China after self-initiated investigation on imports of Aluminum sheet]. ''EconoTimes''. November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.</ref>
+*December 1, 2018—In the [[G-20]]'s statement, the Trump Administration succeeded in calling for [[World Trade Organization]] reform and removing a statement against protectionism.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Miller, S.A. (December 1, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/dec/1/g20-leaders-agree-summit-statement-s-tough-trade/ G20 leaders agree on summit statement that's tough on trade]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
+*Shaw, Adam (December 1, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/g20-statement-includes-us-concerns-about-wto-paris-climate-accord G20 statement reflects US concerns about WTO, Paris climate accord]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
+*Rodrigo, Chris Mills (December 1, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/news/419273-g-20-leaders-agree-on-trade-disagree-on-climate G-20 leaders agree on trade, Trump bucks others on climate]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
+*Pop, Valentina (December 1, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/g-20-finalizing-joint-statement-with-compromises-by-u-s-eu-china-1543685891 G-20 Agrees to Joint Statement, With Compromises]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
+See also:
+*Ortiz, Alfredo (December 10, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/10/ortiz-trumps-trade-triumphs-trade-war-truce-deals-for-farmers-prices-for-consumers/ Ortiz: Trump’s Trade Triumphs–Trade War Truce, Deals for Farmers, Prices for Consumers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
+*Herszenhorn, David M. (December 1, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/g20-leaders-reaffirm-rules-based-international-order/ G20 leaders reaffirm ‘rules-based international order’]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 2, 2018.</ref>
+*December 6, 2018—The International Trade Commission made permanent Commerce Department tariffs on steel pipe imports from China and India.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-pipe/u-s-finalizes-duties-on-certain-steel-pipe-from-china-india-idUSKBN1O528H U.S. finalizes duties on certain steel pipe from China, India]. ''Reuters''. December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2018.</ref>
+===Proclamations, 2018===
+*April 26, 2018—President Trump declared this day to be World Intellectual Property Day, stating that "our country will no longer turn a blind eye to the theft of American jobs, wealth, and intellectual property through the unfair and unscrupulous economic practices of some foreign actors."<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2018-05-01/pdf/2018-09363.pdf Proclamation 9729 of April 26, 2018 -- World Intellectual Property Day, 2018]. ''Federal Register''. May 1, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
+*[https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/donald-trump-says-us-will-not-tolerate-theft-of-jobs-wealth-intellectual-property/story-bcy7ELKAiG4vzd5e51VpLK.html Donald Trump says US will not tolerate theft of jobs, wealth, intellectual property]. ''Hindustan Times'' (from ''PTI''). April 27, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
+*Vogt, RJ (April 26, 2018). [https://www.law360.com/articles/1037645 Happy World IP Day: Trump Hints At Changes To US System]. ''Law360''. Retrieved May 1, 2018.</ref>
+*July 13, 2018—President Trump proclaimed July 17 Made in America Day and the week of July 15–21 as Made in America Week.<ref>[https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2018-07-18/pdf/2018-15510.pdf Proclamation 9768 of July 13, 2018 -- Made in America Day and Made in America Week, 2018]. ''Federal Register''. July 18, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2019.</ref>
+===Other achievements, 2018===
+While the following achievements were not official United States government policy actions by the Trump Administration, they were closely related to the Trump Administration and its policies:
+*Through his trade actions, President Trump helped revive the GOP's historical support for tariffs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Antle, III, W. James (March 9, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-revives-republican-protectionism-on-trade/article/2651133 Trump revives Republican protectionism on trade]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
+*Jewell, Katherine Rye (December 8, 2017). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/made-by-history/wp/2017/12/08/by-turning-their-back-on-free-trade-republicans-are-returning-to-their-roots/ By turning their back on free trade, Republicans are returning to their roots]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
+*Kilgore, Ed (March 8, 2018). [http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/03/trump-brings-back-ancient-gop-tradition-of-protectionism.html Trump Brings Back Ancient GOP Tradition of Protectionism]. ''New York Magazine''. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
+*Carney, John (March 2, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/03/02/gop-tariff-scolds-are-rejecting-reagans-steel-protection-legacy/ GOP Tariff Scolds Are Rejecting Reagan’s Steel Protection Legacy]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 9, 2018.
+*McLaughlin, Seth (April 3, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/apr/3/donald-trump-rewrites-gop-playbook-trade/ Trump rewrites GOP playbook on trade]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
+*Mascaro, Lisa (June 7, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/5f6abe7ce5c248b891f55d08e7476742 Free traders no more? GOP warms up to Trump’s use of tariffs]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+The relationship between the U.S. and tariffs, in general:
+*Carney, John (August 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/15/anationbuiltontariffs/ Carney: Trump is Right, ‘Our Country Was Built on Tariffs’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
+*Byas, Steve (August 16, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/print-magazine/item/29722-tariffs-and-the-founding-fathers Tariffs and the Founding Fathers]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
+*Buchanan, Patrick J. (July 26, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/reviews/opinion/item/29652-did-tariffs-make-america-great Did Tariffs Make America Great?] ''The New American''. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
+See also:
+*Buchanan, Patrick J. (March 6, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/reviews/opinion/item/28435-why-is-the-gop-terrified-of-tariffs Why Is the GOP Terrified of Tariffs?]. ''The New American''. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
+*Moran, Sean (March 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/03/11/exclusive-daniel-mccarthy-on-tariffs-the-republican-party-was-built-on-economic-nationalism/ Exclusive– Daniel McCarthy on Tariffs: ‘The Republican Party Was Built on Economic Nationalism’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
+*Miller, S.A. (May 13, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/13/donald-trump-breaks-conservative-policies-reshapes/ Trump reshaping GOP by breaking away from traditional conservative policies]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
+*Freking, Kevin (July 28, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/57cd042b57054e5790b9b444c561ac3b/On-trade-policy,-Trump-is-turning-GOP-orthodoxy-on-its-head On trade policy, Trump is turning GOP orthodoxy on its head]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 28, 2018.</ref> By 2018, blue-collar manufacturing towns in the U.S. that had once supported Democrats had become strongly Republican, largely because of the GOP's and Trump's increasingly tough stance on trade issues.<ref>Davis, Bob; Chinni, Dante (July 19, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/americas-manufacturing-towns-once-solidly-blue-are-now-a-gop-haven-1532013368 America’s Factory Towns, Once Solidly Blue, Are Now a GOP Haven]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 19, 2018.<br>See also:
+*Binder, John (July 20, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/20/american-workers-praise-trumps-fair-trade-promises-instead-lip-service/ American Workers Praise Trump’s Battle for Fair Trade: ‘He’s Keeping Promises, Instead of Lip Service’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
+*Binder, John (July 23, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/23/american-steel-workers-applaud-trumps-trade-agenda-u-s-has-been-taken-advantage-of-too-long/ American Steel Workers Applaud Trump’s Trade Agenda: ‘U.S. Has Been Taken Advantage of Too Long’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
+*Binder, John (August 31, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/31/trump-kobach-taking-back-gop/ From Trump to Kobach: How the Populists and American Union Workers Are Taking Back the GOP]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
+*Spiering, Charlie (October 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/10/12/donald-trump-the-republican-party-now-includes-the-american-worker/ Donald Trump: The Republican Party Now Includes the American Worker]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
+*Kraychik, Robert (March 31, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2019/03/31/thaddeus-mccotter-trumps-trade-policies-remade-gop-base/ Thaddeus McCotter: Trump’s Trade Policies Remade GOP Base]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 1, 2019.</ref> Additionally, President Trump made numerous strong statements defending his support for tariffs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Higgins, Sean (December 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-warns-china-i-am-a-tariff-man Trump warns China: 'I am a Tariff Man']. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Spiering, Charlie (December 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/12/04/donald-trump-warns-china-i-am-tariff-man/ Donald Trump Warns China: ‘I Am a Tariff Man’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Spiering, Charlie (June 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/06/19/donald-trump-defends-tariffs-on-canada-we-can-no-longer-be-the-stupid-country/ Donald Trump Defends Tariffs: ‘We Can No Longer Be the Stupid Country’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Singman, Brooke (July 24, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-proclaims-tariffs-are-the-greatest-ahead-of-hardball-talks-with-eu Trump proclaims 'Tariffs are the greatest!' ahead of hardball talks with EU]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Carney, John (July 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/07/24/tariffsarethegreatest/ Trump Tweets: “Tariffs Are The Greatest!”] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Bowden, John (July 24, 2018). [https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/398497-trump-tariffs-are-the-greatest Trump: ‘Tariffs are the greatest!’] ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Bowden, John (August 4, 2020). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/400404-trump-defends-tariffs-when-we-use-them-foolish-people-scream Trump defends tariffs: When we use them 'foolish people scream!'] ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Gehrke, Joel (August 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/trump-only-fools-would-disagree-with-tariffs-china-is-doing-poorly Trump: ‘Only fools would disagree’ with tariffs — China is 'doing poorly']. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-trump/trump-says-tariffs-are-working-u-s-and-china-are-talking-idUSKBN1KP0P7 Trump says tariffs are working, U.S. and China are talking]. ''Reuters''. August 4, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Lee, Tony (August 4, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/08/04/trump-historic-economy-perfect-time-to-straighten-out-worst-trade-deals-ever-made/ Trump: Historic Economy Perfect Time ‘to Straighten Out Worst Trade Deals Ever Made’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Swoyer, Alex (August 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/5/donald-trump-says-tariffs-working-big-time/ Trump says tariffs 'working big time,' will lead to better trade deals]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Spiering, Charlie (August 7, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/08/07/at-dinner-with-business-ceos-donald-trump-is-resolute-on-trade/ At Dinner with Business CEOs, Donald Trump Is Resolute on Trade]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*[https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1029745594540150784 Donald J. Trump]. ''Twitter''. August 15, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Spiering, Charlie (August 28, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/08/28/donald-trump-free-trade-partner-countries-tariff-us-to-death/ Donald Trump: Free Trade Partner Countries ‘Tariff Us to Death’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Miller, S.A. (September 9, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/9/donald-trump-cheers-nixed-ford-china-deal-says-tar/ Trump cheers nixed Ford-China deal, says tariffs working: 'This is just the beginning']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Spiering, Charlie (September 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/09/17/donald-trump-warns-countries-unfair-trade-prepare-tariffed/ Donald Trump Warns Countries with Unfair Trade: Prepare to Be ‘Tariffed’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Miller, S.A. (September 26, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/26/donald-trump-says-tough-trade-stance-tariffs-worki/ Trump says tough trade stance, tariffs working]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Higgins, Sean (October 24, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-tariff-critics-are-seeking-cover-for-their-own-incompetence Trump: tariff critics are seeking cover for their own incompetence]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Rodrigo, Chris Mills (November 29, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/418844-trump-touts-billions-of-dollars-pouring-into-us-coffers-from-tariffs Trump touts billions of dollars ‘pouring into U.S. coffers’ from China tariffs ahead of meeting with Xi]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Carney, John (November 29, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/11/29/trump-if-you-dont-want-to-pay-tariffs-build-in-the-u-s-a/ Trump: If You Don’t Want to Pay Tariffs, Build in the U.S.A]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Moons, Michelle (September 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/09/18/trump-defends-tariffs-rebuilt-china-with-tremendous-u-s-money/ Trump Defends Tariffs, ‘Rebuilt’ China with Tremendous U.S. Money]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.</ref>
+*President Trump's enactment of aluminum and steel tariffs had a positive immediate effect on American manufacturers, with U.S. steel mills seeing a nearly 5% shipment increase in 2018,<ref>Higgins, Sean (December 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/us-steel-industry-booming-after-trumps-tariffs US steel industry booming after Trump's tariffs]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 10, 2018.</ref> and with several steel companies restarting or even considering building factories.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Akan, Emel (July 24, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/american-steelmakers-are-thriving_2603061.html American Steelmakers Are Thriving]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Pete, Joseph S. (March 20, 2018). [https://www.nwitimes.com/business/lake-newsletter/steelmakers-restarting-closed-mills-building-new-one/article_64657ecb-730e-58c5-8013-c319133a8100.html Steelmakers restarting closed mills, building new one]. ''The Times of Northwest Indiana''. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
+*Navarro, Peter (May 31, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/05/31/donald-trump-aluminum-steel-mill-tariffs-trade-jobs-manufacturing-column/659254002/ Donald Trump's steel, aluminum tariffs lift low and moderate income families]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+*Gomez, Christian (August 24, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/economics/item/29867-trump-trade-tariffs-good-business-for-u-s-steel-and-century-aluminum Trump Trade Tariffs Good Business for U.S. Steel and Century Aluminum]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
+See also:
+*Carey, Nick (May 25, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-tariffs-steel/trump-metals-tariffs-make-granite-city-great-again-but-at-what-cost-idUSKCN1IQ1YL Trump metals tariffs make Granite City great again, but at what cost?] ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
+*Byas, Steve (June 26, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/item/29394-u-s-economic-upsurge-and-trump-s-tax-and-tariff-policies U.S. Economic Upsurge and Trump’s Tax and Tariff Policies]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 26, 2018.
+*[http://www.post-gazette.com/opinion/editorials/2018/08/17/Good-signs-on-steel-Trump-s-policy-is-bringing-new-life-to-the-industry/stories/201808170025 Good signs on steel: Trump’s policy is bringing new life to the industry]. ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
+*Gibson, Thomas J. (August 29, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/08/29/tariffs-foreign-steel-save-american-jobs-editorials-debates/1138960002/ Tariffs on foreign steel save American jobs]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
+*Binder, John (October 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/10/17/u-s-steelworkers-get-largest-wage-hike-in-years-with-trumps-tariffs/ U.S. Steelworkers Get Largest Wage Hike in Years with Trump’s Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
+*Binder, John (October 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/10/19/pittsburgh-aluminum-mill-credits-trumps-tariffs-for-increasing-profits/ Pittsburgh Aluminum Mill Credits Trump’s Tariffs for Increasing Profits]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
+*Binder, John (July 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/07/08/thank-you-mr-president-owner/ American Manufacturing Business Owner: ‘Thank You Mr. President’ for ‘Enough is Enough’ Attitude on Trade]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
+*Scott, Robert E. (December 13, 2018). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/421210-aluminum-tariffs-have-put-us-producers-on-a-level-playing-field Aluminum tariffs have put US producers on a level playing field]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
+Less positive:
+*Tita, Bob; MacDonald, Alistair (December 5, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/steel-imports-break-through-tariff-barrier-1544026313 Foreign Steel Keeps Flowing Into U.S. Despite Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 5, 2018.</ref> For example, United States Steel announced it would increase operations in Granite City, [[Illinois]], due to increased demand resulting from the tariffs<ref>Multiple references:
+*Rodriguez, Katherine (March 7, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/03/07/winning-u-s-steel-call-back-500-employees-illinois-plant-trump-announces-tariffs-foreign-steel/ Winning: U.S. Steel to Call Back 500 Employees to Illinois Plant After Trump Announces Tariffs on Foreign Steel]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
+*Tita, Bob (March 7, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-steel-to-restart-illinois-plant-operations-to-handle-demand-1520430223 Some Steel and Aluminum Makers to Restart Plant Operations Amid Tariff Plans]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
+*Madhani, Aamer (March 7, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2018/03/07/u-s-steel-says-reopen-illinois-steel-plant-trump-tariffs/403064002/ U.S. Steel to reopen dormant Illinois plant, credits proposed Trump tariffs]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
+See also:
+*Pete, Joseph S. (April 26, 2018). [https://www.nwitimes.com/business/steel/u-s-steel-makes-million-in-q-after-losing-million/article_cef1d2d0-40ad-56b1-8f6b-7d69ae133355.html U.S. Steel makes $18 million in Q1 after losing $180 million at same time last year]. ''The Times of Northwest Indiana''. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
+*Summers, Madison (July 27, 2018). [https://ijr.com/steelworker-tears-joy-trump-work/ WATCH: Third Generation Steelworker Sheds Tears of Joy After Trump Put Him Back to Work]. ''Independent Journal Review''. Retrieved November 24, 2018.</ref> and Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. announced a massive increase in business following the tariffs' enactment.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Williams, Joe (April 26, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/business/trump-tariffs-drive-record-sales-at-largest-us-metals-processor Trump tariffs drive record sales at largest US metals processor]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/26/globe-newswire-reliance-steel-aluminum-co-reports-first-quarter-2018-financial-results.html Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. Reports First Quarter 2018 Financial Results]. ''CNBC'' (from ''GlobeNewswire''). April 26, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.</ref> Additionally, Nucor announced it would build a new steel mill in [[Florida]].<ref>Lombardo, Cara (March 12, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/nucor-to-build-new-florida-steel-mill-as-domestic-producers-study-tariff-impact-1520865982 Nucor to Build New Florida Steel Mill as Domestic Producers Study Tariff Impact]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 25, 2018.<br>See also:
+*Moise, Imani (April 19, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/nucor-benefits-from-steel-tariffs-price-increases-1524148156 Nucor Benefits from Steel Tariffs, Price Increases]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 25, 2018.</ref> In June 2018, the steel company JSW announced it would invest $500 million to build a new steel plant in Ohio, something it announced after announcing an additional $500 million investment in an existing plant in Texas.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Fernandez, Henry (June 21, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/steel-maker-jsw-to-build-new-plant-invest-500m-after-trump-tariffs Steel maker JSW to build new plant, invest $500M after Trump tariffs]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
+*Ell, Kellie (June 21, 2018). [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/21/steel-company-jsw-usa-to-add-1000-new-jobs-ceo.html Steel company JSW USA to add 1,000 new jobs: CEO]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
+*Williams, Mark (June 21, 2018). [http://www.dispatch.com/business/20180621/indian-company-proposes-500-million-investment-at-ohio-steel-plant Indian company proposes $500 million investment at Ohio steel plant]. ''The Columbus Dispatch''. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
+See also:
+*Neeley, Amy (June 23, 2018). [http://www.heraldstaronline.com/news/local-news/2018/06/mingo-junction-residents-laud-steel-mill-potential/ Mingo Junction residents laud steel mill potential]. ''Herald-Star''. Retrieved June 23, 2018.</ref> U.S. Steel announced in August 2018 that it would invest $750 million in its Gary, Indiana, plant, crediting the steel tariffs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Binder, John (August 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/19/u-s-steel-to-invest-750m-at-indiana-plant-thanks-to-trump-tariffs-we-are-experiencing-a-renaissance/ U.S. Steel to Invest $750M at Indiana Plant Thanks to Trump Tariffs: ‘We Are Experiencing a Renaissance’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
+*Mass, Warren (August 23, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/economics/item/29858-u-s-steel-investing-750m-to-upgrade-steel-plant-following-trump-tariffs U.S. Steel Investing $750M to Upgrade Steel Plant Following Trump Tariffs]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
+*Xiao, Bowen (August 20, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-steel-to-invest-750-million-in-response-to-trumps-tariffs_2628360.html US Steel Plans to Invest $750 Million to Modernize Factory, Spurred by Trump’s Tariffs]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Channick, Robert (August 16, 2018). [http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-us-steel-tariffs-gary-plant-20180816-story.html U.S. Steel to invest $750 million to revitalize flagship Gary plant in wake of Trump tariffs]. ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved August 19, 2018.
+*[https://www.apnews.com/99a2501904e149d1942d8db40682127c/US-Steel-to-invest-$750M-in-Gary-Works-plant-in-Indiana US Steel to invest $750M in Gary Works plant in Indiana]. ''Associated Press''. August 17, 2018. Retrieved August 19, 2018.</ref> Braidy Industries moved forward in building a new aluminum mill that would create 550 new jobs.<ref>Binder, John (August 28, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/28/aluminum-mill-to-bring-550-jobs-back-to-kentucky-town-crippled-by-free-trade/ Aluminum Mill to Bring 550 Jobs Back to Kentucky Town Crippled by Free Trade]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 29, 2018.<br>See also:
+*Beam, Adam (April 26, 2017). [https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/2017/04/26/aluminum-company-pledges-550-jobs-eastern-kentucky/100935140/ Aluminum company pledges 550 jobs in Eastern Kentucky]. ''The Courier-Journal'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved August 29, 2018.
+*Watkins, Morgan (June 7, 2018). [https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/2018/06/07/trump-admin-claims-credit-kentucky-mill/681330002/ Are Trump tariffs behind a $1.5 billion Kentucky mill investment?] ''The Courier-Journal''. Retrieved August 29, 2018.</ref> Steel Dynamics announced it would invest up to $1.8 billion to build a new steel mill in the southwest U.S. that would create about 600 jobs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Binder, John (November 28, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/11/28/trump-celebrates-1-8b-southwest-steel-mill-planned-create-600-jobs/ Trump Celebrates $1.8B Southwest Steel Mill Planned to Create 600 Jobs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
+*Williams, Joe (November 28, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/business/trump-touts-new-steel-dynamics-plant-as-proof-tariffs-are-paying-off Trump touts new Steel Dynamics plant as proof tariffs are paying off]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
+*De Lea, Brittany (November 28, 2018). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/trump-praises-steel-dynamics-for-new-billion-dollar-steel-mill Trump praises Steel Dynamics for new billion-dollar steel mill]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved November 28, 2018.
+*Pentchoukov, Ivan (November 28, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-lauds-announcement-of-new-1-7-billion-steel-mill-in-southwest_2725923.html Trump Lauds Announcement of New $1.7 Billion Steel Mill in Southwest]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.</ref> A Louisiana pipe company reported excellent business because of the tariffs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Binder, John (August 31, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/31/business-booms-for-louisiana-pipe-company-thanks-to-trump-tariffs/ Business Booms for Louisiana Pipe Company Thanks to Trump Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
+*Hilburn, Greg (August 30, 2018). [https://www.thenewsstar.com/story/news/2018/08/30/la-steel-pipe-company-thrives-under-trump-tariffs/1142999002/ Louisiana pipe company thrives under Trump tariffs]. ''Monroe News Star''. Retrieved August 31, 2018.</ref> The American steel industry was "very happy" with the administration's tariffs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Binder, John (July 31, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/31/report-american-steel-industry-very-happy-with-trumps-protective-tariffs/ Report: American Steel Industry ‘Very Happy’ with Trump’s Protective Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
+*Egan, Matt (July 30, 2018). [https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/29/investing/stocks-week-ahead-steel-tariffs-trade/index.html 'Happy with tariffs': Steel industry emerges as trade war winner]. ''CNN''. Retrieved July 31, 2018.
+See also:
+*Langford, James (July 30, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/business/trump-tariffs-help-ak-steel-ramp-up-prices-more-than-ceo-expected Trump tariffs help AK Steel ramp up prices more than CEO expected]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 31, 2018.</ref> Additionally, aluminum prices had actually fallen one month after President Trump announced tariffs on foreign aluminum products, in part due to increased production by U.S. aluminum producers.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (April 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/04/05/aluminum-prices-fall-despite-new-tariffs/ Aluminum Prices Fall Despite New Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
+*Tita, Bob (April 5, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/after-bracing-for-tariffs-impact-aluminum-products-makers-breathe-a-sigh-of-relief-1522920600 Despite New Tariffs, Aluminum Is Actually Cheaper]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
+See also:
+*Parkin, Benjamin; Hodari, David (May 31, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/steel-aluminum-prices-rise-on-u-s-tariffs-1527792759 Steel, Aluminum Prices Rise on U.S. Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
+*Carney, John (May 31, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/31/stocksbarelymovedbytradewar/ U.S. Stock Market Stubbornly Refuses to Panic Over ‘Trade War’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 4, 2018.</ref> By June 2018, President Trump's tariffs were attributed, at least in part, to the strong and rapid economic turnaround in the Iron Range of [[Minnesota]],<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (June 20, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/06/20/why-minnesotas-iron-range-is-trump-country/ Why Minnesota’s Iron Range Is Trump Country]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
+*DePass, Dee (June 20, 2018). [http://www.startribune.com/bust-to-boom-iron-range-revives-just-as-tariffs-impact-some/485938941/ Bust to boom: Iron Range revives just as new tariffs create uncertainty]. ''Star Tribune''. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
+*Smith, Mitch (April 4, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/us/trump-tariffs-minnesota-mining.html Trump Is ‘Saving Us’: Minnesota Mining Country Warms to Tariffs and G.O.P.] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 20, 2018.
+*Aamot, Gregg (October 2, 2018). [https://www.minnpost.com/economic-vitality-in-greater-minnesota/2018/10/the-lifeblood-on-the-iron-range-small-businesses-build-off-minings-success/ ‘The lifeblood’: On the Iron Range, small businesses build off mining’s success]. ''MinnPost''. Retrieved October 12, 2018.</ref><ref name="MichiganMinnesota">Binder, John (October 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/10/12/trump-tariffs-win-higher-wages-for-michigan-minnesota-steelworkers/ Trump Tariffs Win Higher Wages for Michigan, Minnesota Steelworkers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 12, 2018.</ref> in [[Michigan]],<ref name="MichiganMinnesota"/> as well as the positive economic effect on Granite City, Illinois, as also briefly mentioned above.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Binder, John (July 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/08/illinois-steel-town-trumps-tariffs-secure-800-new-jobs-laid-off-american-workers/ Illinois Steel Town: Trump’s Tariffs Secure 800 New Jobs for Previously Laid-Off American Workers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
+*Bomkamp, Samantha (July 6, 2018). [http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-granite-city-us-steel-trump-tariffs-20180708-story.html The Illinois town where Trump's tariffs have provided jobs, and a sigh of relief]. ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved July 8, 2018.</ref> In December 2018, Fiat Chrysler announced it would build an assembly plant in [[Detroit]], the first new factory in the city in 27 years and the first new assembly plant in the country by a domestic car maker since before the [[Great Recession]].<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (December 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/12/06/winning-fiat-chrysler-to-build-new-factory-in-detroit/ Winning: Fiat Chrysler to Build First New Auto Factory in Detroit in 27 Years]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
+*Rogers, Christina; Roberts, Adrienne (December 6, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/fiat-chrysler-to-open-new-assembly-factory-in-detroit-1544127162 Fiat Chrysler to Open New Assembly Factory in Detroit]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
+*Naughton, Nora; Thibodeau, Ian; Howes, Daniel (December 6, 2018). [https://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/autos/chrysler/2018/12/06/fiat-chrysler-open-new-assembly-plant-detroit/2225735002/ Fiat Chrysler to build Jeep in revived Detroit plant]. ''The Detroit News''. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
+*Higgins, Sean (December 6, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/fiat-chrysler-to-open-new-plant-in-detroit Fiat Chrysler to open new plant in Detroit]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
+*LeBeau, Phil (December 6, 2018). [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/06/fiat-chrysler-reportedly-plans-to-open-new-assembly-factory-in-detroit-to-build-suv.html Fiat Chrysler plans to open factory in Detroit to build new three-row, Jeep Grand Cherokee: Sources]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved December 6, 2018.</ref> An analysis by the Coalition for a Prosperous America in August 2018 found that since February 1 of that year, 11,100 jobs were created as a result of the Trump Administration's tariffs,<ref>Binder, John (August 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/16/study-trump-tariffs-created-more-than-11k-american-jobs-in-six-months/ Study: Trump Tariffs Created More than 11K American Jobs in Six Months]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 16, 2018.</ref> and that twenty times more jobs had been created than lost as a result of the tariffs.<ref>Binder, John (August 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/08/17/study-20x-as-many-u-s-jobs-created-from-trump-tariffs-than-jobs-lost/ Study: 20X as Many U.S. Jobs Created from Trump Tariffs than Jobs Lost]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 17, 2018.</ref> The CPA also estimated that 2.1 million jobs were created in 2018 by the administration's steel tariffs and its other economic policies.<ref>Adelmann, Bob (November 30, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/sectors/item/30789-tariffs-upside-two-million-new-steel-industry-jobs Tariffs’ Upside: Two Million New Steel Industry Jobs]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 30, 2018.</ref> A December 2018 report by the Economic Policy Institute found that the March 2018 tariff on aluminum imports was having a positive impact on the U.S. economy and the aluminum industry.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Binder, John (December 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/17/study-trumps-aluminum-tariffs-creating-thousands-of-american-jobs/ Study: Trump’s Aluminum Tariffs Creating Thousands of American Jobs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 18, 2018.
+*Akan, Emel (December 12, 2018). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/aluminum-tariffs-boost-jobs-production-investment_2737301.html Report: Aluminum Tariffs Boost Jobs, Production, Investment]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
+*Kochkodin, Brandon (December 11, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-11/blame-changing-tastes-for-beer-decline-not-tariff-report-says Aluminum Tariff Is a Boon Even If Beer Costs More, Report Says]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
+*Brokaw, Sommer (December 11, 2018). [https://www.upi.com/Study-US-aluminum-tariffs-have-increased-jobs-production/2921544544217/ Study: U.S. aluminum tariffs have increased jobs, production]. ''UPI''. Retrieved December 12, 2018.</ref> Additionally, while not a direct effect of President Trump's trade policies, the economy continued its strong growth despite fears that the tariffs would slow growth,<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (July 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/06/shock-wages-and-jobs-soar-at-american-businesses-hit-by-metals-tariffs/ Shock: Wages and Jobs Soar at American Businesses ‘Hit’ by Metals Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Williams, Joe (July 6, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/business/us-manufacturing-sector-booms-despite-trade-war-fears US manufacturing sector booms despite trade war fears]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Carney, John (September 20, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/09/20/stocks-hit-all-time-highs-as-u-s-shows-strength-in-trade-war-with-china/ Stocks Hit All-Time Highs as U.S. Shows Strength in Trade War with China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
+*Carney, John (September 24, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/09/24/texasmanufacturingsurvey/ Texas Factories Keep Expanding Production Despite Trade War Worries]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
+*Carney, John (October 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/10/16/manufacturing-continues-to-boom-in-america-defying-gloomy-tariff-predictions/ Manufacturing Continues to Boom in America, Defying Gloomy Tariff Predictions]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
+*Carney, John (December 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/12/06/jobless-claims-fell-last-week-still-no-signs-of-tariff-strains/ Jobless Claims Fell Last Week, Still No Signs of Tariff Strains]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
+*Franck, Thomas (December 6, 2018). [https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/06/ism-non-manufacturing-november.html Service sector grows in November despite tariff, employment concerns]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
+Higgins, Sean (December 7, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/manufacturing-sees-strong-job-growth-despite-trumps-trade-wars Manufacturing sees strong job growth despite Trump's trade wars]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
+*Binder, John (December 21, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/21/trumps-year-of-tariffs-american-manufacturing-optimism-soars-to-record-high/ Trump’s Year of Tariffs: American Manufacturing Optimism Soars to Record High]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
+See also:
+*Davis, Bob (July 7, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-economic-strength-gives-trump-leeway-in-trade-fight-with-china-1530908909 U.S. Economic Strength Gives Trump Leeway in Trade Fight With China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
+*Carney, John (August 30, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/08/30/wilbur-ross-wins-again-as-canned-soup-and-beer-prices-fall-in-july/ Wilbur Ross Wins Again as Canned Soup and Beer Prices Fall in July]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
+*Carney, John (September 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/09/12/producerpriceindex/ Narrative Fail: Business Prices Fall Despite Rising Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
+*Carney, John (September 13, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/09/13/consumer-prices-defy-prediction-that-tariffs-would-tax-consumers/ Consumer Prices Defy Prediction that Tariffs Would Tax Consumers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
+*Miller, S.A. (September 13, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/sep/13/robert-scott-economist-says-fears-over-donald-trum/ Americans feel little from Trump tariffs; China is yet to budge on trade deals]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
+*Carney, John (September 21, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/09/21/tariffs-get-absorbed-by-corporate-profits-not-paid-by-consumers/ Tariffs Get Absorbed by Corporate Profits, Not Paid by Consumers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
+*Binder, John (September 30, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/09/30/kentucky-governor-matt-bevin-bourbon-industry-thriving-trade-war/ Kentucky Governor Matt Bevin: Bourbon Industry ‘Thriving Like Never Before’ in Trade War]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
+*Carney, John (October 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/10/05/still-no-signs-that-tariffs-are-costing-american-jobs/ Still No Signs that Tariffs are Costing American Jobs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
+*Carney, John (October 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/10/11/septemberinflation/ Inflation Rises Less than Expected in September, Once Again Showing Tariffs Are Not Hurting Consumers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
+*Binder, John (October 11, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/10/11/bloomberg-trump-tariffs-not-costing-u-s-jobs-as-free-traders-claimed/ Bloomberg: Trump Tariffs Not Costing U.S. Jobs as Free Traders Claimed]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
+*Carney, John (October 30, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/10/30/farm-prices-fall-again-defying-anti-trump-predictions-of-higher-food-prices/ Farm Prices Fall Again, Defying Anti-Trump Predictions of Higher Food Prices]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
+*Carney, John (November 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/11/09/carney-u-s-producer-prices-surged-in-october-but-theres-still-no-sign-tariffs-tax-consumers/ Carney: U.S. Producer Prices Surged in October But There’s Still No Sign Tariffs Tax Consumers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 10, 2018.
+*Carney, John (November 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/11/12/cnbc-tariffs-causing-trouble-for-only-9-of-companies/ CNBC: Tariffs Causing Trouble for Only 9% of Companies]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
+*Carney, John (November 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/11/14/price-shock-still-no-signs-tariffs-pinch-consumer-wallets/ Price Shock: Still No Signs Tariffs Pinch Consumer Wallets, Inflation Remains Mild]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
+*Carney, John (November 15, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/11/15/import-prices-still-no-signs-of-tariffs-taxing-consumers/ Import Prices: Still No Signs of Tariffs Taxing Consumers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 15, 2018.
+*[https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/11/30/chinas-war-on-american-lobsters-has-failed/ China’s War on American Lobsters Has Failed]. ''Breitbart News''. November 30, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
+*Whittle, Patrick (November 29, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/25842e03cb4747d9a1c96a87e6d8b67f We’ll take your lobsters, eh? Canadian imports from US soar]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
+*Carney, John (December 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/12/12/tariffsdidnotraisepricesagain/ Still No Pressure on Consumer Prices from Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 12, 2018.
+*Carney, John (December 14, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2018/12/14/carney-dont-blame-trumps-tariffs-for-manufacturings-weak-november/ Carney: Don’t Blame Trump’s Tariffs for Manufacturing’s Weak November]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 14, 2018.
+*Nolte, John (December 26, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/26/analyst-outsourcing-american-jobs-responsible-for-gm-layoffs-not-tariffs/ Analyst: Outsourcing American Jobs Responsible for GM Layoffs, Not Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
+*Binder, John (January 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/01/04/free-traders-prediction-of-tariff-doom-fails-as-u-s-manufacturing-booms/ Free Traders’ Prediction of Tariff Doom Fails as U.S. Manufacturing Booms]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
+*Carney, John (January 9, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/01/09/deficitroseandsodidtaxes/ Trump’s Tariffs and Tax Cuts Largely Paid for Themselves, but Deficit Rose on Higher Spending]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
+*Carney, John (January 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/01/11/tariffsdonttaxconcusmers/ Tariffs Still Aren’t Raising Consumer Prices]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (January 11, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/markets/item/31165-bull-market-could-run-for-10-more-years-tariffs-are-helping Bull Market Could Run for 10 More Years; Tariffs Are Helping]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
+*Carney, John (January 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/01/15/prices-fell-in-december/ Prices Fell in December, Tariffs Are Not Pushing U.S. Prices Higher]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 15, 2019.
+*Carney, John (February 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/02/12/jolts-dispels-fears-that-metals-tariffs-would-hurt-u-s-workers/ Job Openings Dispel Fears That Metals Tariffs Have Hurt U.S. Workers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 12, 2019.</ref> and by the second quarter of 2018, U.S. productivity had risen to the highest level since 2015 despite fears that the tariffs would lower productivity.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (September 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economics/2018/09/06/u-s-productivity-jumped-to-best-pace-in-three-years-after-trumps-metals-tariffs-kicked-in/ U.S. Productivity Jumped to Best Pace in Three Years After Trump’s Metals Tariffs Kicked-In]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
+*Morath, Eric (September 6, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-worker-productivity-rose-in-spring-at-best-pace-since-2015-1536237315 U.S. Worker Productivity Rose in Spring at Best Pace Since 2015]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 6, 2018.</ref> Manufacturing output, even from those using steel and aluminum, increased at a strong pace in October 2018 despite fears that tariffs would hurt production,<ref>Carney, John (November 16, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/11/16/octobermanufacturingmetals/ Output Soars Even at U.S. Manufacturers That Make Stuff from Tariffed Steel and Aluminum]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 16, 2018.</ref> and orders of products affected by tariffs increased that month.<ref>Carney, John (November 21, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2018/11/21/china-tariffs-boosted-manufacturing-orders-in-october/ China Tariffs Boosted Manufacturing Orders in October]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 21, 2018.</ref>
+*Exports rose 6.6% in May 2018, causing the United States's trade deficit to drop to the lowest level since October 2016,<ref>Multiple references:
+*Caplan, Joshua (July 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/06/us-trade-deficit-record-high-exports/ U.S. Trade Deficit Hits 19-Month Low Due to Record-High Exports]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Kiernan, Paul; Chaney, Sarah (July 6, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-trade-gap-narrowed-6-6-in-may-1530880483 U.S. Trade Gap Narrowed 6.6% in May]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
+*Kiernan, Paul (July 6, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-soybean-exports-surged-last-quarter-1530906354 U.S. Soybean Exports Surged Last Quarter]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 6, 2018.</ref> and by August 2018, prospective military sales to U.S. allies reached $63 billion – 50% higher than in 2017 – despite fears that President Trump's tariffs would do the opposite.<ref>Langford, James (August 13, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/business/overseas-military-sales-surge-to-63-billion-despite-tariff-woes Overseas military sales surge to $63 billion despite tariff woes]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 13, 2018.</ref>
+*U.S. arms sales saw strong growth in 2018. By July 2018, the U.S. had already sold more weapons that year than the entire year in 2017,<ref>Multiple references:
+*Muñoz, Carlo (July 16, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/16/us-weapons-sales-undeterred-trumps-nato-trade-talk/ 'Buy America': Sale of U.S. arms increases despite Trump's tough talk on NATO, trade]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+*McLeary, Paul (July 16, 2018). [https://breakingdefense.com/2018/07/the-u-s-has-already-sold-more-weapons-this-year-than-all-of-2017/ U.S. Has Already Sold More Weapons This Year Than All 2017: $47B]. ''Breaking Defense''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+*Stone, Mike (July 16, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-airshow-usa-exports/u-s-arms-makers-praise-new-u-s-weapons-export-policy-idUSKBN1K62LQ U.S. arms makers praise new U.S. weapons export policy]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
+*Tweed, David (March 12, 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-03-12/u-s-arms-exports-surge-amid-growing-middle-east-asian-demand U.S. Arms Exports Surge Amid Growing Middle East, Asian Demand]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved July 18, 2018.</ref> and in Fiscal Year 2018, the dollar value of U.S. arms sales nearly reached the record set in 2012.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Muñoz, Carlo (October 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/oct/10/us-arms-exports-soar-under-donald-trump/ U.S. arms exports soar under marketer-in-chief Trump]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
+*McLeary, Paul (October 9, 2018). [https://breakingdefense.com/2018/10/us-arms-sales-overseas-skyrocketed-33-in-2018/ US Arms Sales Overseas Skyrocketed 33% in 2018]. ''Breaking Defense''. Retrieved October 10, 2018.</ref> The State Department reported in November 2018 that U.S. arms sales increased 13% in Fiscal Year 2018 compared to the previous year, with arms sales specifically from the U.S. government to a foreign government increasing 33% during the same period.<ref>Multiple references:
+*McBride, Courtney (November 8, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-weapons-transfers-pushed-by-trump-rise-by-13-1541712193 U.S. Weapons Transfers, Pushed by Trump, Rise by 13%]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
+*Manson, Katrina (November 8, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/f6a5f844-e37b-11e8-a6e5-792428919cee US arms sales to foreign governments rise by a third]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
+*[https://money.usnews.com/investing/news/articles/2018-11-08/us-arms-exports-up-13-percent-over-2017-as-trump-champions-deals U.S. Arms Exports up 13 Percent Over 2017 as Trump Champions Deals]. ''U.S. News & World Report'' (from ''Reuters''). November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2018.
+*McLeary, Paul (November 8, 2018). [https://breakingdefense.com/2018/11/arms-sales-way-up-but-trump-wants-more/ Arms Sales Way Up – But Trump Wants More]. ''Breaking Defense''. Retrieved November 11, 2018.</ref>
+==2019==
+[[File:Donald Trump at U.S.-EU trade agreement signing, August 2019.jpg|thumb|250px|President Trump watches as the U.S. and EU sign a trade agreement, August 2, 2019]]
+[[File:Donald Trump at signing for U.S.-Japan trade agreements, October 2019.jpg|thumb|250px|President Trump watches as the U.S. and Japan sign two trade agreements, October 7, 2019]]
+By 2019, the Trump Administration had taken numerous actions on trade.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Navarro, Peter (March 5, 2019). [https://nypost.com/2019/03/05/how-team-trump-is-keeping-promises-on-trade/ How Team Trump is keeping promises on trade]. ''New York Post''. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
+*Navarro, Peter K. (March 13, 2019). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/03/13/trump-trade-policies-make-great-strides-peter-navarro-editorials-debates/3156015002/ Peter Navarro: President Trump's trade policies make great strides]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
+*Pramuk, Jacob (May 13, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/13/trump-carries-out-tariff-trade-wars-with-china-eu-canada-and-mexico.html It’s not just China: Trump’s trade war is raging on several fronts]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana (May 14, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/14/us/politics/trump-tariffs-china.html Trump’s Tariffs, Once Seen as Leverage, May Be Here to Stay]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Mauldin, William; Zumbrun, Josh; Salama, Vivian (May 17, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-seeks-to-resolve-other-trade-disputes-amid-china-impasse-11558132965 U.S. Seeks to Resolve Other Trade Disputes Amid China Impasse]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/key-dates-in-the-u-s-china-trade-conflict-11561932690 Key Dates in the U.S.-China Trade Conflict]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-timeline/timeline-key-dates-in-the-u-s-china-trade-war-idUSKCN1UR5RW Timeline: Key dates in the U.S.-China trade war]. ''Reuters''. August 1, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-timeline/timeline-key-dates-in-the-u-s-china-trade-war-idUSKCN1VQ24Y Timeline: Key dates in the U.S.-China trade war]. ''Reuters''. September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
+*Palmer, Doug; McClure, Jon (July 9, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/interactives/2018/where-we-stand-in-the-trade-war/ Where we stand in Trump’s trade war]. ''Politico''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (September 11, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/d426cf7272b540d4be4af434911b5c02 Friendly fire: In trade fights, Trump targets US allies, too]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-tariffs-factbox/factbox-tariffs-in-place-or-planned-for-nearly-all-goods-traded-by-u-s-and-china-idUSKBN1W4344 Factbox: Tariffs in place or planned for nearly all goods traded by U.S. and China]. ''Reuters''. September 19, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-tariffs-factbox/factbox-nearly-all-goods-traded-by-u-s-and-china-will-have-tariffs-by-december-15-idUSKBN1WP0GV Factbox: Nearly all goods traded by U.S. and China will have tariffs by December 15]. ''Reuters''. October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*O'Halloran, Suzanne (October 11, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trade-trifecta-china-japan-and-usmca Trade trifecta: USMCA, Japan and now China]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
+*Street, Chriss (November 25, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-farm-deals-with-south-korea-and-japan-to-limit-china-trade-war-retaliation_3156340.html US Farm Deals With South Korea and Japan to Limit China Trade War Retaliation]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (December 3, 2019). [https://apnews.com/3b0da54ce517401e97edf8b0d9c3d646 Trump against the world: A snapshot of his trade disputes]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (December 3, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/3/trump-against-the-world-a-snapshot-of-his-trade-di/ Trump against the world: A snapshot of his trade disputes]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-conflicts-factbox/factbox-trump-has-upended-relationships-with-nine-of-10-top-u-s-trading-partners-idUSKBN1Y72K9 Factbox: Trump has upended relationships with nine of 10 top U.S. trading partners]. ''Reuters''. December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Schlesinger, Jacob M. (December 15, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-america-first-trade-vision-comes-into-focus-on-three-fronts-11576436055 Trump’s ‘America First’ Trade Vision Comes Into Focus on Three Fronts]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (January 1, 2020). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/timeline-of-us-china-trade-talks-in-2019-all-the-twists-and-turns Timeline of US-China trade talks in 2019: All the twists and turns]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
+See also:
+*Busler, Michael (March 9, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/433262-given-time-trumps-economic-policies-will-work Trump is trading short-term pain for long-term economic gain]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
+*Varney, James (March 31, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/mar/31/farm-subsidies-prices-temper-trump-trade-tariffs/ Federal subsidies, agriculture prices help farmers weather Trump trade war]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
+*Peoples, Steve; Riccardi, Nick (May 10, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/01492231b0e24c77be92bf3becf9a305 Risky politics? Trump wields his tariffs as a weapon at home]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Freking, Kevin (May 11, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/8340b62c950e4e8494793623c629d72c Trump has long seen previous US trade agreements as losers]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+*Breuninger, Kevin; Wilkie, Christina (May 12, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/10/trumps-hard-line-trade-views-were-formed-long-before-china-tariffs.html Trump’s hard-line views on trade were formed long before he targeted China with tariffs]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
+*Burnett, Sara; McFetridge, Scott (May 19, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/bb54595393a14fcd867476996ef94129 Trump’s ‘great patriot’ farmers follow him into a trade war]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
+*Whalen, Jeanne; Lynch, David J.; Shih, Gerry (June 1, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trumps-stunning-decision-to-escalate-trade-wars-with-china-and-mexico-signals-a-turning-point-for-us-policy/2019/05/31/d1e28270-83da-11e9-95a9-e2c830afe24f_story.html Trump’s stunning decision to escalate trade wars with China and Mexico signals a turning point for U.S. policy]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Marks, Gene (June 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/446369-trade-war-wont-kill-small-business-itll-make-it-stronger Trade war won't kill small business — it'll make it stronger]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Rugaber, Cristopher (June 2, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/f5a9b5fae6f045b0b1b860fe303841b9 Trump’s tariffs: What are they? How do they work?] ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
+*Ip, Greg (June 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-trade-levers-test-long-term-u-s-alliances-11559495186 Trump’s Trade Levers Test Long-Term U.S. Alliances]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
+*Baker, Trent (June 16, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2019/06/16/peter-navarro-trumps-tariffs-accomplished-more-in-two-days-than-congress-in-20-years/ Peter Navarro: Trump’s Tariffs Accomplished More in Two Days Than Congress in 20 Years]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
+*Hains, Tim (June 16, 2019). [https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2019/06/16/wh_trade_adviser_peter_navarro_tariffs_accomplished_more_in_two_days_than_congress_has_done_in_20_years.html WH Trade Adviser Peter Navarro: Tariffs Accomplished More In Two Days Than Congress Has Done In 20 Years]. ''RealClearPolitics''. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
+*Fredericson, Colin (June 18, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/president-trump-explains-how-tariffs-help-america_2968147.html President Trump Explains How Tariffs Help America]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved June 18, 2019.
+*Puzder, Andy (June 21, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/andy-puzder-trump-tariffs-incredibly-useful-in-advancing-our-national-security-heres-why Andy Puzder: Trump tariffs incredibly useful in advancing our national security – Here’s why]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
+*Lewandowski, Corey R. (June 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/450300-president-trump-fighting-to-fix-a-broken-trade-system-at-the-g-20 President Trump fighting to fix a broken trade system at the G-20]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 26, 2019.
+*Brennan, Moss (July 11, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jul/11/trump-america-first-policy-sparks-trade-deals-othe/ Trump's 'America First' policy driving other countries to ink trade deals, analysts say]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-tariffs-factbox/tariff-wars-duties-imposed-by-trump-and-u-s-trading-partners-idUSKCN1UR5YD Tariff wars: Duties imposed by Trump and U.S. trading partners]. ''Reuters''. August 1, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Manning, Rick (August 26, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/08/26/rick-manning-trump-isolates-china-by-making-deals-with-the-rest-of-the-world/ Rick Manning: Trump Isolates China by Making Deals with the Rest of the World]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
+*Pentchoukov, Ivan (August 26, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/in-nod-to-trump-g7-leaders-make-joint-statement-on-fair-trade_3056447.html In Nod to Trump, G-7 Leaders Make Joint Statement on Fair Trade]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
+*Wong, Kristina (August 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/08/27/experts-president-trump-hardball-china/ Experts Say President Trump Is Right to Play Hardball with China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
+*Schlafly, John; Schlafly, Andy (August 28, 2019). [https://townhall.com/columnists/johnandandyschlafly/2019/08/28/finally-a-president-stands-up-to-china-n2552287/ Finally, a President Stands Up to China!] ''Townhall''. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
+*Kraychik, Robert (August 29, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2019/08/29/hogan-gidley-trumps-strong-economy-allows-him-to-take-on-china/ Hogan Gidley: Trump’s Strong Economy Allows Him to ‘Take on China’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
+*Dimicco, Dan (September 5, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/460097-smoot-hawley-fearmongering-continues Smoot-Hawley fearmongering continues]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (September 8, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/the-real-reason-behind-sluggish-business-investment-isnt-the-trade-war-says-bank-economist_3073820.html Real Reason Behind Sluggish Business Investment Isn’t Trade War, Bank Economist Says]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
+*Autry, Greg (September 20, 2019). [https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2019-09-19/trump-china-tariffs-recession-peter-navarro-trade Opinion: President Trump’s China policy is working, but you’d never know that from media reports]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
+*Baker, Trent (September 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2019/09/20/whs-navarro-china-paying-for-tariffs-in-three-ways-slashed-prices-currency-value-fleeing-supply-chain/ WH’s Navarro: China Paying for Tariffs ‘in Three Ways’ — Slashed Prices, Currency Value, Fleeing Supply Chain]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
+*Raleigh, Helen (September 22, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/helen-raleigh-china-lost-trade-war Helen Raleigh: China has already lost the trade war. Here's why]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (October 9, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/crisis-in-world-trade-signals-globalisms-failure_3111854.html Crisis in World Trade Signals Globalism’s Failure]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
+*Timmons, Heather; Lawder, David (October 14, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-costs-analysis/are-u-s-chinese-tariffs-on-almost-everything-the-new-normal-idUSKBN1WT1OI Are U.S.-Chinese tariffs on almost everything the 'new normal'?] ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Lind, Michael (October 13, 2019). [https://nationalinterest.org/feature/return-geoeconomics-87826 The Return of Geoeconomics]. ''The National Interest''. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (October 24, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/on-trade-farmers-willing-to-get-tough-with-china On trade, farmers willing to get tough with China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
+*Huckabee, Mike (November 9, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/mike-huckabee-lets-fight-for-fabricated-structural-steel-manufacturing-jobs Mike Huckabee: Trump saves thousands of US jobs by standing up to China on trade violations]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
+*Holl, Daniel (November 22, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/the-great-american-robbery-us-china-trade-war-explained_3152382.html The Great American Robbery; US-China Trade War Explained]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
+*Cortes, Steve (November 29, 2019). [https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2019/11/29/black_friday_red_chinaand_a_robust_america_141851.html Black Friday, Red China…and a Robust America]. ''RealClearPolitics''. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-pence/trump-sees-tariffs-as-lever-with-china-europe-others-pence-idUSKBN1Y72F1 Trump sees tariffs as lever with China, Europe, others: Pence]. ''Reuters''. December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Binder, John (December 9, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/12/09/u-s-farmers-back-trump-federal-aid-has-been-a-godsend-in-trade-war/ U.S. Farmers Back Trump: Federal Aid Has ‘Been a Godsend’ in Trade War]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
+*Dorman, Sam (December 14, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-chuck-schumer-sold-out-china Trump attacks 'Cryin' Chuck Schumer after senator said US 'sold out' on China deal]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
+*Rubin, Richard (December 15, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/lighthizer-touts-a-week-of-deals-11576433187 Lighthizer Touts a Week of Deals]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
+*Russ, Kathryn (December 16, 2019). [https://hbr.org/2019/12/what-unilateralism-means-for-the-future-of-the-u-s-economy What Unilateralism Means for the Future of the U.S. Economy]. ''Harvard Business Review''. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
+*Leary, Alex (December 21, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-the-battles-over-trumps-trade-wars-hawkish-adviser-navarro-endures-11576943074 In the Battles Over Trump’s Trade Wars, Hawkish Adviser Navarro Endures]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
+*Rappeport, Alan; Swanson, Ana (December 26, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/26/us/politics/peter-navarro-china-trade.html Peter Navarro, Trump’s Trade Warrior, Has Not Made His Peace With China]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
+*Ozimek, Tom (December 26, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/america-first-policy-expert-hails-trump-on-trade-calls-for-more-action-on-industrial-policy-and-china_3183842.html Trump Admin Improved American Manufacturing, More to Be Done on Industrial Policy and China, Expert Says]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (December 31, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/analysis-trump-gained-little-ground-this-year-in-china-trade-war Analysis: Trump gained little ground this year in China trade war]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
+*Politi, James (December 18, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/bc36aec6-2176-11ea-b8a1-584213ee7b2b EU remains a villain in the Trumpian view of global trade]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
+President Trump's comments on trade with China:
+*Spiering, Charlie (August 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/08/20/donald-trump-signals-resolve-on-tough-china-actions-were-winning-big/ Donald Trump Signals Resolve on Tough China Actions: ‘We’re Winning Big’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
+*Pamuk, Humeyra; Shalal, Andrea (August 20, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-trump/trump-says-he-had-to-take-china-on-regardless-of-short-term-impact-on-u-s-economy-idUSKCN1VA21B Trump says he had to 'take China on,' regardless of short-term impact on U.S. economy]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan (August 21, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/458274-trump-i-am-the-chosen-one-to-lead-trade-war-against-china Trump: I am 'the chosen one' to lead trade war against China]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Spiering, Charlie (August 21, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/08/21/donald-trump-i-am-the-chosen-one-to-fight-china/ Donald Trump: ‘I Am the Chosen One’ to Fight China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Gage, John (August 21, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-i-am-the-chosen-one-to-take-on-china Trump: 'I am the chosen one' to take on China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Fang, Frank (August 21, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-says-he-is-chosen-one-to-take-on-beijing-and-end-its-unfair-trade-practices_3050712.html Trump Says He Is ‘Chosen One’ to Take on Beijing and End Its Unfair Trade Practices]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Boyer, Dave (August 21, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/aug/21/trump-says-he-chosen-one-battle-china-trade/ Trump: 'I am the chosen one' to battle China on trade]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Mason, Jeff (August 21, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/trump-i-am-the-chosen-one-to-take-on-china-over-trade-idUSKCN1VB27K Trump: 'I am the chosen one' to take on China over trade]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Breuninger, Kevin (August 21, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/21/i-am-the-chosen-one-trump-proclaims-as-he-defends-china-trade-war.html ‘I am the Chosen One,’ Trump proclaims as he defends trade war with China]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Bleau, Hannah (August 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/the-media/2019/08/24/trump-slams-media-for-claiming-that-he-has-a-messiah-complex/ Trump Slams Media for Claiming That He Has a ‘Messiah Complex’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Shaw, Adam (Augst 24, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-media-chosen-one-sarcastic Trump dings media for taking ‘I am the chosen one’ remark seriously]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Fu, Eva (August 24, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-says-he-was-having-fun-with-chosen-one-remark-reassures-confidence-in-trade-war_3054519.html Trump Says He Was ‘Having Fun’ With ‘Chosen One’ Remark, Calls out Media Misrepresentation]. 'The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Campisi, Jessica (August 24, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/458670-trump-doubles-down-on-chosen-one-remarks-being-sarcasm-says-media Trump on 'chosen one' remark: I didn't realize media would claim I had a 'Messiah complex']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Bender, Michael C. (August 29, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-defends-china-stance-amid-worries-about-economic-impact-11567093824 Trump Defends China Stance Amid Worries About Economic Impact]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
+*He, Cathy (August 29, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-says-beijing-playing-vicious-game-in-targeting-us-farmers_3061654.html Trump Says Beijing Playing ‘Vicious Game’ in Targeting US Farmers]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
+*Spiering, Charlie (September 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/09/04/donald-trump-u-s-farmers-are-warriors-in-trade-war-with-china/ Donald Trump: U.S. Farmers Are ‘Warriors’ in Trade War with China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
+*Spiering, Charlie (November 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/11/20/fact-check-pete-buttigieg-claims-donald-trump-does-not-care-about-farmers/ Fact Check: Pete Buttigieg Claims Donald Trump Does Not Care About Farmers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 21, 2019.</ref> These trade actions seriously challenged China's economic growth,<ref>Multiple references:
+*Epstein, Ethan (March 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/mar/19/trump-trade-war-slows-china-economy-growth/ SPECIAL REPORT: Trump's trade war puts China's once vaunted economy in real peril]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
+*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-factories-take-a-bigger-than-expected-hit-from-u-s-trade-battle-11559272288 China’s Factories Take a Bigger-Than-Expected Hit From U.S. Trade Battle]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. May 30, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*[https://www.apnews.com/c7ee9acf00da4775a4e80a14d7fa093c China factory activity falls contracts in May amid dispute]. ''Associated Press''. May 30, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (June 2, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/chinas-economic-woes-go-well-beyond-tariffs_2947972.html China’s Economic Woes Go Well Beyond Tariffs]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
+*Wang, Yanan (June 3, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/8efb6718bdbc435aadf1f0725ada5526 China data suggests trade war hit; tech group reverses stand]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (June 14, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/32597-china-s-economy-continues-to-slow China’s Economy Continues to Slow]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
+*Carney, John (June 14, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2019/06/14/industrial-production/ U.S. Factory Production Ramps Up While China Industrial Output Grinds to Slowest Since 2002]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
+*Areddy, James T. (June 14, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-economy-shows-fresh-signs-of-weakness-11560512903 China’s Economy Shows Fresh Signs of Weakness]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
+*Bradsher, Keith (July 14, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/14/business/china-economy-growth-gdp-trade-war.html China’s Economic Growth Hits 27-Year Low as Trade War Stings]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/china-second-quarter-gdp-growth-slows-to-27-year-low-as-trade-war-bites_3002683.html China Second Quarter GDP Growth Slows to 27-Year Low as Trade War Bites]. ''The Epoch Times'' (from ''Reuters''). July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (July 15, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jul/15/china-posts-slowest-growth-nearly-30-years-trump-s/ China posts slowest growth in nearly 30 years; Trump says tariffs are having a 'major effect']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe; Wiseman, Paul (July 15, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/654b02d9815743ca947119f7ac18e049 China’s growth cools further as tariff war pressures mount]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Yao, Kevin (July 14, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-gdp/china-second-quarter-gdp-growth-slows-to-27-year-low-as-trade-war-bites-more-stimulus-seen-idUSKCN1U90P5 China second-quarter GDP growth slows to 27-year low as trade war bites, more stimulus seen]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Deng, Chao (July 15, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-economy-is-growing-at-its-slowest-pace-since-at-least-1992-11563162170 China Growth at Its Slowest Since 1992 as Beijing Struggles to Juice Economy]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Carney, John (July 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/07/15/china-economic-growth-slows/ China’s Economic Growth Slows to Weakest Pace Since 1992]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (July 15, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/32854-china-reports-its-economy-growing-at-slowest-pace-since-1992 China Reports Its Economy Growing at Slowest Pace Since 1992]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Zhang, Lusha; Woo, Ryan (July 30, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-pmi-manufacturing-offic/trade-war-keeps-chinas-factories-in-reverse-gear-for-third-month-idUSKCN1UQ04U Trade war keeps China's factories in reverse gear for third month]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
+*[https://www.marketwatch.com/story/guid/69141d34-f473-4fb2-87fc-41c3aa2855fa China's factory activity contracts again in July]. ''MarketWatch''. July 30, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
+*Tang, Frank (August 31, 2019). [https://www.scmp.com/news/china/china-economy/article/2162179/trade-war-china-suffers-three-month-export-downturn-donald Trade war: China suffers three-month export downturn as Donald Trump’s tariffs bite]. ''South China Morning Post''. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
+*[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-01/china-s-manufacturing-sector-keeps-getting-whacked-by-trump China’s Manufacturing Sector Keeps Getting Whacked by Trump]. ''Bloomberg''. September 1, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
+*Liu, Luoyan; Ruwitch, John (September 2, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-markets-trade/trade-war-dents-chinese-company-profits-portfolio-inflows-idUSKCN1VN0TO Trade war dents Chinese company profits, portfolio inflows]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
+*Carney, John (September 3, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/09/03/chinas-tariffs-on-u-s-autos-backfired-study-finds/ China’s Tariffs on U.S. Autos Backfired, Study Finds]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
+*Bird, Mike; Craymer, Lucy (September 8, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-says-growth-is-fine-private-data-show-a-sharper-slowdown-11567960192 China Says Growth Is Fine. Private Data Show a Sharper Slowdown.] ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
+*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-economy-aches-all-over-as-beijing-seeks-trade-fix-with-the-u-s-11568615388 China Faces Broad Economic Slump as It Seeks Trade Fix With U.S.] ''The Wall Street Journal''. September 17, 2019. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (September 16, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/33422-china-s-economy-continues-to-falter-ahead-of-october-trade-talks China’s Economy Continues to Falter Ahead of October Trade Talks]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-pmi-manufacturing-offic/china-september-factory-activity-shrinks-for-fifth-month-official-pmi-idUSKBN1WF02A China Sept factory surveys show flickers of improvement but outlook still weak]. ''Reuters''. September 29, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
+*Areddy, James T. (October 17, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-economic-growth-slows-even-more-11571364058 China Economic Growth Slows Even More in the Third Quarter]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+*[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/17/china-quarterly-economic-growth-lowest-quarter-cen/ China's quarterly economic growth sinks to lowest in quarter-century amid Trump trade war]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (October 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/a776f7a522014679a40964dc4d1eed58 China’s economic slowdown deepens, weighing on global growth]. ''Associated Press''. Retrievd October 18, 2019.
+*Klar, Rebecca (October 18, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/466414-chinas-economic-growth-sinks-to-26-year-low China's economic growth sinks to 26-year low]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+*Carney, John (October 18, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/10/18/china-gdp/ China’s Economic Growth Dipped Again in Third Quarter to Slowest Pace Since 1992]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+*Martn, Ken (October 17, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/chinas-economic-growth-sinks-to-a-26-year-low China's economic growth sinks to a 26-year low]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+*Yao, Kevin; Crossley, Gabriel (October 17, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-gdp/china-third-quarter-gdp-grows-6-slowest-pace-in-almost-three-decades-idUSKBN1WX05A China's GDP growth grinds to near 30-year low as tariffs hit production]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+*Bradsher, Keith (October 17, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/17/business/china-economic-growth.html China’s Economic Growth Slows as Challenges Mount]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+*He, Laura (October 18, 2019). [https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/17/economy/china-gdp-economy-trade-war/index.html China's economic growth drops to lowest level since 1992]. ''CNN''. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+*[https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/chinas-quarterly-economic-growth-slows-26-year-low China’s Quarterly Economic Growth Slows to 26-Year Low]. ''Voice of America'' (from the ''Associated Press''). October 18, 2019. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+*Tan, Huileng (October 17, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/18/china-q3-gdp-beijing-posts-economic-data-amid-trade-war-with-us.html China says its economy grew 6% in the third quarter, slower than expected]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+*Davies, Rob (October 18, 2019). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/18/chinas-quarterly-economic-growth-sinks-to-26-year-low-amid-us-trade-war China's quarterly economic growth sinks to 26-year low amid US trade war]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+*Brown, Courtenay (October 17, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/china-economy-growth-slow-144c13ea-f560-4296-a547-e4a23926fcd7.html China's economy grows at slowest pace since 1992]. ''Axios''. Retrieved October 30, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-pmi/chinas-factory-activity-seen-contracting-for-sixth-month-on-trade-pressure-reuters-poll-idUSKBN1X80J3 China's factory activity seen contracting for sixth month on trade pressure: Reuters poll]. ''Reuters''. October 29, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2019.
+*Crossley, Gabriel; Woo, Ryan (October 30, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-pmi-manufacturing-offic/chinas-factory-activity-shrinks-at-sharper-pace-services-weaken-as-risks-grow-idUSKBN1XA04I China's factory activity shrinks at sharper pace, services weaken as risks grow]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
+*Chen, Yawen; Wu, Huizhong (November 8, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-inflation/china-factory-prices-falter-while-inflation-soars-to-near-eight-year-high-idUSKBN1XJ023 China factory prices falter, while inflation soars to near eight-year high]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
+*Rabouin, Dion (December 9, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/trump-china-trade-war-working-363fbd52-eb4a-487b-85bc-b18b3199be78.html The trade war is kind of working]. ''Axios''. Retrieved December 9, 2019.
+*Street, Chriss (December 23, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/dhl-global-trade-barometer-for-china-down-50-during-trump-presidency_3182645.html DHL Global Trade Barometer for China Down 50% During Trump Presidency]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (January 9, 2020). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/34576-more-and-more-companies-moving-out-of-china More and More Companies Moving Out of China]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
+See also:
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/trumps-push-for-china-trade-reform-draws-wide-support-at-home-abroad_2852175.html Trump’s Push for China Trade Reform Draws Wide Support at Home, Abroad]. ''The Epoch Times'' (from ''Reuters''). March 25, 2019. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
+*Lawder, David; Blenkinsop, Philip; Martina, Michael (March 25, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-trump-analysis/trump-push-for-china-trade-reform-draws-wide-support-at-home-abroad-idUSKCN1R60D5 Trump push for China trade reform draws wide support at home, abroad]. 'Reuters''. Retrieved March 25, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; McDonald, Joe (May 22, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/51a43cb8dcdd4239af8c4d5e7dca09fa US, China appear to brace for long haul in trade dispute]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (May 23, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-administration-settles-in-for-long-trade-fight-against-china_2934720.html Trump Administration Settles in for Long Trade Fight Against China]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
+*Fernandez, Henry (June 13, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-tariffs-is-impeding-chinas-economy-white-house-trade-advisor-peter-navarro Trump tariffs is impeding China’s economy: White House trade adviser Peter Navarro]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved June 16, 2019.
+*Carney, John (June 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/06/13/falling-import-prices-show-china-is-paying-for-tariffs/ Falling Import Prices Show China Is Paying For Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
+*Carney, John (July 3, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2019/07/03/trade-figures-show-china-tariffs-are-working-and-helping-our-allies/ Trade Figures Show China Tariffs Are Working and Helping Our Allies]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
+*Klar, Rebecca (July 15, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/453042-trump-tariffs-having-major-effect-on-chinas-economy Trump: Tariffs having 'major effect' on China's economy]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Heavey, Susan; Mason, Jeff (July 15, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/trump-sees-slowing-chinese-growth-pressuring-beijing-on-trade-idUSKCN1UA135 Trump sees slowing Chinese growth pressuring Beijing on trade]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Deng, Chao (July 15, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-may-boost-stimulus-to-speed-economy-after-current-efforts-fall-short-11563193843 Slowing Growth Raises Pressure on China’s Stimulus Efforts]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Areddy, James T. (June 25, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-consumers-turn-cautious-weakening-president-xis-hand-before-trump-meeting-11561481817 China’s Consumers Turn Cautious, Weakening President Xi’s Hand Before Trump Meeting]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Zhang, Olivia (August 21, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/f37f8f83c6a3450fb1ea7a4749ffa859 Rust-belt China looks abroad as economy slows, tariffs bite]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Spiering, Charlie (August 26, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/08/26/donald-trump-china-taking-a-hit-in-trade-fight/ Donald Trump: China Taking a ‘Very Hard Hit’ in Trade Fight]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (September 30, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/33537-china-s-celebration-of-70-years-of-communist-oppression-an-attempt-to-mask-its-failing-economy China’s Celebration of 70 Years of Communist Oppression an Attempt to Mask Its Failing Economy]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 30, 2019.
+*Yu, Fan (October 6, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trade-war-disrupts-chinas-liquefied-natural-gas-supply_3106943.html Trade War Disrupts China’s Liquefied Natural Gas Supply]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
+*Packham, Colin; Barrett, Jonathan (October 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ross/u-s-tariffs-on-china-are-working-says-u-s-secretary-of-commerce-idUSKBN1WP06H U.S. tariffs on China are working, says U.S. Secretary of Commerce]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
+*Yao, Kevin (October 15, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-poll/trade-pressure-seen-denting-chinas-2019-growth-to-29-year-low-at-6-2-5-9-in-2020-reuters-poll-idUSKBN1WU0S6 Trade pressure seen denting China's 2019 growth to 29-year low at 6.2%, 5.9% in 2020: Reuters poll]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
+*Hao, Nicole (October 15, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/chinese-regime-confirms-us-trade-deal-as-economic-indicators-bode-hard-times-ahead_3117303.html Chinese Regime Confirms US Trade Deal as Economic Indicators Bode Hard Times Ahead]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
+*Carney, John (November 8, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/11/08/trumps-china-tariffs-help-taiwan-and-chinas-neighbors/ Trump’s China Tariffs Help Taiwan and China’s Neighbors]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (November 22, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/34114-will-china-s-slowing-economy-force-a-trade-deal-with-the-u-s Will China’s Slowing Economy Force a Trade Deal With the U.S.?] ''The New American''. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-pmi-poll/chinas-factory-activity-seen-contracting-for-seventh-month-on-trade-pressure-reuters-poll-idUSKBN1Y20WI China's factory activity seen contracting for seventh month on trade pressure: Reuters poll]. ''Reuters''. November 28, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
+*Sun, Yilei; Goh, Brenda (December 10, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-autos/china-auto-sales-drop-for-17th-straight-month-in-november-idUSKBN1YE0GX China auto sales drop for 17th straight month in November]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
+*Carney, John (December 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/news/chinese-inflation-hits-eight-year-high-as-pork-prices-double-2/ Chinese Inflation Hits Eight-Year High as Pork Prices Double and Tariffs Keep Out U.S. Farm Products]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
+Effect on trade between the two countries:
+*Bowden, John (July 12, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/452767-us-imports-to-china-plunge-amid-trade-war US exports to China plunge amid trade war]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (July 12, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/4afbfcaa2df3405b8257ad9502609886 China imports from US plunge 31% in June amid tariff war]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (August 8, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/4f9e178f886c44e7929ea8a40ab881b9 China imports from US fall 19% in July amid trade war]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-trade/chinas-september-exports-seen-falling-3-imports-to-shrink-for-fifth-month-reuters-poll-idUSKBN1WQ0BJ China's September exports seen falling 3%, imports to shrink for fifth month: Reuters poll]. ''Reuters''. October 10, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Frazin, Rachel (October 14, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/465676-china-sees-another-double-digit-drop-in-trade-with-us China's trade with US slumps amid tariff war]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Hao, Nicole (October 14, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/chinas-latest-trade-data-reveal-economic-trouble-ahead-as-future-of-us-china-trade-talks-remains-unclear_3116235.html China’s Latest Trade Data Reveal Economic Trouble Ahead, as Future of US–China Trade Talks Remains Unclear]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (October 14, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/33668-chinese-imports-exports-drop-further-in-september-while-trade-talks-pause Chinese Imports, Exports Drop Further in September While Trade Talks Pause]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Chen, Yawen; Crossley, Gabriel (October 13, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-trade/china-september-exports-imports-in-deeper-contraction-as-tariffs-take-toll-idUSKBN1WT07P China September exports, imports in deeper contraction as tariffs take toll]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-trade/chinas-october-exports-imports-to-contract-at-sharper-pace-reuters-poll-idUSKBN1XG0Y7 China's October exports, imports to contract at sharper pace: Reuters poll]. ''Reuters''. November 6, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
+*Roosevelt, Margot; Masunaga, Samantha (June 9, 2019). [https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-trade-war-china-trump-ports-20190609-story.html Must Reads: In Trump’s trade war with China, L.A. ports are ground zero ]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
+*Wells, Jane (August 31, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/31/port-of-los-angeles-slammed-with-cargo-as-companies-rush-to-get-imports-in-ahead-of-tariffs.html Port of Los Angeles slammed with cargo as companies rush to get imports in ahead of tariffs]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-imports/port-of-los-angeles-import-and-export-volumes-drop-in-october-idUSKBN1XH2ZZ Port of Los Angeles import and export volumes drop in October]. ''Reuters''. November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
+*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-export-decline-eased-in-october-11573194821 China’s Export Decline Eased in October]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. November 8, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (November 7, 2019). [https://apnews.com/f8c2110fcf8a4d65b127f66f80b50f2f China’s trade with US shrinks in October despite optimism]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
+*Zhang, Lusha; Woo, Ryan (November 7, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-trade/chinas-oct-exports-fall-but-less-than-expected-as-trade-war-grinds-on-idUSKBN1XI0DN China's Oct. exports fall, but less than expected as trade war grinds on]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
+*Page, Paul (November 11, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/west-coast-imports-plunge-as-tariffs-hit-consumer-goods-11573504083 West Coast Imports Plunge as Tariffs Hit Consumer Goods]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
+*Torry, Harriet; Zumbrun, Joshua (December 5, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-trade-gap-narrowed-in-october-as-imports-exports-fell-11575552689 American Firms Import Fewer Chinese Goods]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
+*Carney, John (December 5, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/news/us-trade-gap-narrows-7-6-to-47-2-billion-in-october/ Imports from China Fell Again in October After New Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
+*Ozimek, Tom (December 5, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-trade-deficit-falls-to-1-5-year-low-amid-fewer-imports-from-china_3165914.html US Trade Deficit Falls to 1.5-Year Low Amid Fewer Imports from China]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
+*[https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/china-trade-us-sinks-november-tariffs China's trade with US sinks in November amid tariff war]. ''Fox Business''. December 8, 2019. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (December 8, 2019). [https://apnews.com/bc17fcce2b8524b3cb979ef8ff665561 China’s trade with US sinks in November amid tariff war]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
+*Crossley, Gabriel; Lee, Se Young (December 7, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-trade/china-november-exports-fall-but-import-growth-hints-of-recovering-demand-idUSKBN1YC02H China November exports fall, but import growth hints of recovering demand]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
+*Coleman, Justine (December 8, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/china/473572-chinese-exports-to-us-drop-23-percent-amid-trade-war Chinese exports to US drop 23 percent amid trade war]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 8, 2019.
+*Deng, Chao (January 14, 2020). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-a-year-of-trade-war-u-s-deficit-with-china-shrank-11578998957 In a Year of Trade War, U.S. Deficit With China Shrank]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-trade-usa/chinas-2019-trade-surplus-with-u-s-narrows-to-295-8-billion-vs-323-3-billion-in-2018-idUSKBN1ZD0JW China's 2019 trade surplus with U.S. narrows to $295.8 billion vs $323.3 billion in 2018]. ''Reuters''. January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
+*Johnson, Marty (January 14, 2020). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/economy/478184-chinese-exports-to-us-drop-12-percent Chinese exports to US drop 12 percent]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 14, 2020.</ref> and because of the Trump Administration's trade actions, the U.S. trade deficit fell 15% in January 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (March 27, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/03/27/trade-deficit-fell-15-as-china-tariffs-took-hold/ Trade Deficit Fell 15% as China Tariffs Took Hold]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (March 27, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/us/us-trade-gap-falls-15-percent-to-51-1-billion-in-january US trade gap falls 15 percent to $51.1 billion in January]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved March 27, 2019.
+*Cox, Jeff (March 27, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/27/us-trade-deficit-reaches-51point15b-vs-57b-est.html US efforts to cut trade deficit show biggest win in almost a year]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
+*Kierman, Paul (March 27, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-trade-gap-narrowed-sharply-in-january-11553690145 U.S. Trade Gap Narrowed Sharply in January]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
+*Kearns, Jeff (March 27, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-27/u-s-january-trade-gap-narrows-as-imports-from-china-plummet U.S. January Trade Gap Narrows as Imports From China Plummet]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy-tradefigures/us-trade-deficit-narrows-sharply-as-exports-rebound-idUSKCN1R81BW U.S. trade deficit narrows sharply as exports rebound]. ''Reuters''. March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
+The trade deficit fell again in February 2019:
+*Carney, John (April 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/04/17/tradedeficitnarrows/ U.S. Trade Deficit Unexpectedly Narrowed in February]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Cox, Jeff (April 17, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/17/us-trade-deficit-in-february-49point4b-vs-53point8b-est.html US trade deficit falls in February as shortfall with China decreases 28%]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Pickert, Reade (April 17, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-17/u-s-trade-gap-narrows-to-eight-month-low-on-aircraft-exports U.S. Trade Gap Narrows to Eight-Month Low on Plane Exports]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Mutikani, Lucia (April 17, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy/us-trade-deficit-narrows-to-eight-month-low-in-february-idUSKCN1RT1H8 U.S. trade deficit hits eight-month low on weak Chinese imports]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (April 17, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/us/us-trade-deficit-narrows-to-49-4-billion-in-february US trade deficit narrows to $49.4 billion in February]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Torry, Harriet (April 17, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-trade-gap-narrowed-in-february-11555504455 Shrinking U.S. Trade Gap, China Growth Bode Well for Global Economy]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan (April 17, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/439323-us-trade-deficit-falls-to-eight-month-as-gap-with-china-narrows US trade deficit falls to eight-month low as gap with China narrows]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (April 17, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/u-s-trade-deficit-hits-eight-month-low-as-chinese-trade-gap-plunges_2884352.html US Trade Deficit Hits 8-Month Low as Gap With China Shrinks]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+Later data:
+*Ott, Matt (August 2, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/824c1f2a761c40328e436add45724414 US trade deficit falls 0.3% in June]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy-trade/u-s-trade-deficit-shrinks-slightly-exports-imports-fall-idUSKCN1US1IF U.S. trade deficit shrinks slightly; exports, imports fall]. ''Reuters''. August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Crutsinger, Martin (November 5, 2019). [https://apnews.com/7616cbaeb5434a52aa09ebf0921ba975 US trade deficit falls to $52.5 billion in September]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy-trade/u-s-trade-deficit-falls-in-september-to-52-5-billion-idUSKBN1XF282 U.S. trade deficit falls in September to $52.5 billion]. ''Reuters'' November 5, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy-tradefigures/u-s-goods-trade-deficit-narrows-sharply-in-october-idUSKBN1Y01SO U.S. goods trade deficit narrows sharply in October]. ''Reuters''. November 26, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
+*Mutikani, Lucia (December 5, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy/u-s-trade-deficit-shrinks-sharply-labor-market-tight-idUSKBN1Y91QV U.S. trade deficit shrinks sharply; labor market tight]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy-trade/u-s-trade-deficit-drops-to-more-than-three-year-low-idUSKBN1Z61L3 U.S. trade deficit drops to more than three-year low]. ''Reuters''. January 7, 2020. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
+*Mutikani, Lucia (January 7, 2020). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy/u-s-trade-deficit-at-three-year-low-as-imports-tumble-idUSKBN1Z61NB U.S. trade deficit at three-year low as imports tumble]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
+*Elis, Niv (January 7, 2020). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/477098-deficit-falls-to-3-year-low-of-431-billion Trade deficit falls to three-year low of $43.1 billion]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
+*Carney, John (January 7, 2020). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2020/01/07/trade-deficit-falls-to-lowest-in-three-years/ Trade Deficit Falls to Lowest in Three Years]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
+*Ozimek, Tom (January 7, 2020). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-trade-deficit-hits-3-year-low-trumps-china-hard-line-is-working-expert-says_3196222.html US Trade Deficit Hits 3-Year Low: ‘Trump’s China Hard Line Is Working,’ Expert Says]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
+*Torry, Harriet (January 7, 2020). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-trade-gap-narrowed-8-2-in-november-11578403976 U.S. Trade Gap Lowest in Three Years as Imports From China Slide]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
+Earlier in the year, it was reported that the trade deficit had previously risen:
+*Boyer, Dave (March 6, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/mar/6/us-trade-deficit-rose-10-year-high-2018-government/ Soaring U.S. trade deficit undermines Trump's 'America First' agenda]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
+*Carney, John (March 6, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/03/06/trade-deficit-hits-highest-level-in-a-decade/ Trade Deficit Hits Highest Level in a Decade]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
+*Carney, John (March 6, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/03/06/the-growing-trade-deficit-strengthens-trumps-hand-in-trade-talks-with-china/ The Growing Trade Deficit Strengthens Trump’s Hand in Trade Talks With China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 7, 2019.</ref> By May 2019, the tariffs on China had raised $16 billion,<ref>Svab, Petr (May 21, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-has-pulled-in-16-billion-in-trumps-china-tariffs_2931264.html Trump’s China Tariffs Have Pulled in Around $16 Billion So Far]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 22, 2019.<br>See also:
+*Fernandez, Henry (June 21, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/china-tariffs-trade-war-white-houses-peter-navarro China is paying the tariffs, not the American public: White House trade adviser Peter Navarro]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (October 1, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/1/donald-trump-china-tariffs-windfall-prompts-gop-ca/ Trump's tough trade tariffs on China have raked in $30 billion for U.S.] ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
+*Svab, Petr (October 31, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-has-pulled-in-35-billion-from-trumps-china-tariffs_3133551.html US Has Pulled in $35 Billion From Trump’s China Tariffs]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 31, 2019.</ref> and total tariffs between June 2018 and June 2019 had raised $63 billion.<ref>Zumbrun, Josh (August 7, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-collects-63-billion-in-chinese-tariffs-through-june-11565168400 U.S. Collected $63 Billion in Tariffs Through June]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 7, 2019.</ref> In September 2019, the U.S. collected $7 billion from tariffs, a record number.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Zumbrun, Josh (November 6, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-collects-a-record-7-billion-in-tariffs-in-september-11573052402 U.S. Collected a Record $7 Billion in Tariffs in September]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
+*Knutson, Jacob (November 6, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/us-7-billion-tariffs-september-d5b601b3-9b29-4864-ae47-02760401ca8f.html WSJ: Tariff revenue spiked to a record $7 billion in September]. ''Axios''. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan (November 6, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/469289-us-paid-record-71-billion-in-tariffs-in-september-analysis US paid record $7.1 billion in tariffs in September: analysis]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 6, 2019.</ref> Additionally, many companies moved production out of China.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Williams, Joe (June 20, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/apple-black-decker-and-steve-madden-among-us-companies-moving-production-out-of-china-heres-the-full-list Apple, Black & Decker and Steve Madden among US companies moving production out of China. Here’s the full list.] ''Fox Business''. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
+*Mochizuki, Takashi (June 12, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/nintendo-moves-some-switch-production-out-of-china-adapting-to-tariff-threat-11560328484 Nintendo Moves Some Switch Production Out of China, Adapting to Tariff Threat]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
+*Hufford, Austen; Tita, Bob (July 14, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/manufacturers-move-supply-chains-out-of-china-11563096601 Manufacturers Move Supply Chains Out of China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 14, 2019.
+*Carney, John (July 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2019/07/19/blackrock-ceo-larry-fink/ BlackRock CEO: Companies Are Moving Supply Chains Out of China Now]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
+*Quinn, Melissa (July 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trade-war-forces-dozens-of-us-firms-to-move-factories-out-of-china Trade war forces dozens of US firms to move factories out of China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
+*Fu, Eva (July 21, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/foreign-companies-continue-exodus-from-china-as-trade-war-digs-in_3010595.html Foreign Companies Continue Exodus From China as Trade War Drags On]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (October 22, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/33816-tech-companies-accelerating-their-exodus-from-china Tech Companies Accelerating Their Exodus From China]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.</ref> President Trump's trade actions against China, among other actions, helped "decouple" the economies of the two nations.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Akan, Emel (July 22, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trade-war-sparks-further-decoupling-between-u-s-and-china_3012308.html Trade War Sparks Further ‘Decoupling’ Between US, China]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
+*Ip, Greg; Kubota, Yoko (May 9, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/can-this-marriage-be-saved-chinese-u-s-integration-frays-11557414600 Can This Marriage Be Saved? Chinese-U.S. Integration Frays]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
+*Bermingham, Finbarr (July 6, 2019). [https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3017358/us-china-trade-war-accelerating-biggest-shift-trade-cold-war US-China feud is accelerating the biggest shift in trade since the cold war, away from globalisation]. ''South China Morning Post''. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
+*Elis, Niv (July 22, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/454152-chinese-investment-in-us-plummets-90-percent-amid-trump-trade-war Chinese investment in US plummets 90 percent amid Trump trade war]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
+*Salam, Reihan (June 5, 2019). [https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/06/trump-cuts-off-huawei-huge-implications/591001/ The Age of ‘Chimerica’ Is Coming to an End]. ''The Atlantic''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana (September 1, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/01/world/asia/trump-trade-war-china.html As Trump Escalates Trade War, U.S. and China Move Further Apart With No End in Sight]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
+*Novak, Jake (September 6, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/06/tariffs-are-no-longer-chinas-biggest-problem-in-the-trade-war.html Tariffs are no longer China’s biggest problem in the trade war]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (September 12, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/u-s-china-rift-gets-a-relationship-status U.S.-China rift gets a relationship status]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
+*Carney, John (November 5, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2019/11/05/decoupling-china-u-s-trade-declines-by-67-billion/ Decoupling: China-U.S. Trade Declines by $67 Billion]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 5, 2019.
+See also:
+*Kraychik, Robert (May 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2019/05/13/henry-olsen-trump-is-fighting-americas-addiction-to-profits-and-goods-from-china/ Henry Olsen: Trump Is Fighting America’s ‘Addiction to Profits and Goods’ from China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+*Kiernan, Paul; DeBarros, Anthony (August 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-lost-spot-as-top-u-s-trading-partner-in-first-half-11564749251 Tariff Fight Knocks Off China as Top U.S. Trading Partner]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Carney, John (September 4, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/09/04/china-high-tech-imports/ Imports of Chinese High Tech Goods Are Down by More Than 20% This Year]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (September 8, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/d722698071194bf88dd430baedda8f96 China’s trade with US shrinks as tariff war worsens]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
+*Perano, Ursula (September 8, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/china-trump-trade-war-tariffs-october-negotiations-a63366c7-f819-417c-a442-5c208978b12b.html Trade between U.S. and China plummets ahead of October negotiations]. ''Axios''. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
+*Frazin, Rachel (September 8, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/460440-chinese-exports-to-us-imports-of-us-good-sink-amid-worsening-trade-war Chinese exports to US, imports of US good sink amid worsening trade war]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 8, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (September 8, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/sep/8/us-china-trade-plummets-amid-trump-tariff-war/ U.S.-China trade plummets amid Trump tariff war]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved September 8, 2019.
+*Kempe, Frederick (September 14, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/14/us-china-trade-wars-unstoppable-global-economic-transformation.html The US-China trade war has set in motion an unstoppable global economic transformation]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
+*Broderick, Kelsey (October 16, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/466067-chinas-spat-with-nba-highlights-forces-driving-us-china-divorce China's spat with NBA highlights forces driving US-China divorce]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
+*Carney, John (November 6, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/11/06/peter-navarro-china-is-decoupling/ Trump Trade Adviser Peter Navarro Says China is Decoupling from the World]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 7, 2019.</ref> As in other issues, the [[deep state]] and Obama holdovers attempted to obstruct President Trump's conservative trade agenda.<ref>Thompson, Terry (November 28, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/nov/28/trumps-new-tariffs-obstructed-by-obama-holdovers/ Trump's new tariffs obstructed by Obama holdovers]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 28, 2019.<br>See also:
+*Zumbrun, Josh (December 26, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trade-court-lawsuits-take-on-trumps-tariff-campaign-11577269800 Trade-Court Lawsuits Take On Trump’s Tariff Campaign]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref>
+===Executive actions, 2019===
+*January 31, 2019—President Trump signed an executive order directing federal agencies to favor contractors who use American-made materials in construction projects.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Brokaw, Sommer (January 31, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/01/31/Trump-signs-executive-order-encouraging-use-of-US-made-steel/8211548954628/ Trump signs executive order encouraging use of U.S.-made steel]. ''UPI''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (January 31, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-orders-tighter-made-in-america-provisions-for-federal-contracting Trump orders tighter 'made in America' provisions for federal contracting]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Colvin, Jill; Superville, Darlene (January 31, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/80529be90a934d9597cb90c27a4c32ee Trump order asks federal fund recipients to buy US goods]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Laing, Keith (January 31, 2019). [https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2019/01/31/trump-manufacturing/38983065/ Trump signs 'Buy America' order for federal agencies]. ''The Detroit News''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Schultz, Marisa (January 31, 2019). [https://nypost.com/2019/01/31/trump-to-sign-another-buy-american-and-hire-american-order/ Trump signs another ‘Buy American and Hire American’ order]. ''New York Post''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Rogers, Katie (January 31, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/31/us/politics/trump-executive-order-manufacturing.html President Signs Order to Help U.S. Manufacturers and ‘Trump People’]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Laing, Keith (January 31, 2019). [https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2019/01/31/trump-manufacturing/38983065/ Trump signs 'Buy America' order for federal agencies]. ''The Detroit News''. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
+*Ferguson, Ellyn (January 31, 2019). [https://www.rollcall.com/news/whitehouse/trump-widens-buy-american-rule-infrastructure-projects Trump widens ‘buy American’ rule to infrastructure projects]. ''Roll Call''. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
+*Collins, Brendan K.; Pearson, Scott M. (February 1, 2019). [https://www.natlawreview.com/article/president-trump-doubles-down-buy-american-mandates President Trump Doubles Down on 'Buy American' Mandates]. ''The National Law Review''. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
+*Clark, Charles S. (February 1, 2019). [https://www.govexec.com/contracting/2019/02/trump-expands-buy-american-requirements-agency-procurements/154594/ Trump Expands ‘Buy American’ Requirements to Agency Procurements]. ''Government Executive''. Retrieved February 1, 2019.
+See also:
+*Navarro, Peter (January 31, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/peter-navarro-trump-is-keeping-his-promise-to-buy-american-hire-american Peter Navarro: Trump is keeping his promise to buy American, hire American]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved February 1, 2019.</ref>
+*February 2019—The Trump Administration finalized the new gun export rules it had started implementing the previous year and which changed the policy to require gun-makers to have a license from the Commerce Department rather than the State Department to export firearms overseas.<ref name="NewGunExRules">Multiple references:
+*Lederman, Josh (February 7, 2019). [https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/new-trump-rules-make-it-easier-u-s-gun-makers-n968601 New Trump rules make it easier for U.S. gun makers to sell overseas]. ''NBC News''. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
+*Samuels, Brett (February 7, 2019). [https://thehill.com/regulation/administration/428929-trump-administration-eases-export-rules-for-us-gun-manufacturers Trump administration eases export rules for US gun manufacturers: report]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
+*Price, Emily (February 7, 2019). [http://fortune.com/2019/02/07/new-trump-rules-make-it-easier-for-u-s-gun-makers-to-sell-overseas/ New Trump Rules Make it Easier for U.S. Gun Makers to Sell Overseas]. ''Fortune''. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
+*Fandos, Nicholas (January 31, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/31/us/politics/gun-exports-trump.html Trump Administration Eases Regulations on Gun Exports, Raising Concerns]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
+See also:
+*Bromund, Ted (January 30, 2019). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/tedbromund/2019/01/30/no-firearm-exports-arent-being-decontrolled/#663aba696c0c No, Firearm Exports Aren't Being Decontrolled]. ''Fortune''. Retrieved February 11, 2019.
+*Stone, Mike; Shepardson, David (November 7, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-guns-exclusive/exclusive-trump-administration-moves-closer-to-easing-gun-exports-idUSKBN1XH2IY Exclusive: Trump administration moves closer to easing gun exports]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
+*McBride, Courtney (November 12, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/administration-plans-to-ease-exports-of-u-s-made-firearms-11573592986 Administration Plans to Ease Exports of U.S.-Made Firearms]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved November 12, 2019.</ref>
+*February 27, 2019—In [[Vietnam]], President Trump presided over the signing of several trade deals worth $21 billion between U.S. and Vietnamese companies that would support an estimated 83,000 American jobs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Boyer, Dave (February 27, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/feb/27/donald-trump-inks-trade-pact-vietnam-purchase-boei/ Trump inks trade pact with Vietnam for purchase of Boeing planes]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
+*Schreck, Adam (February 27, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/8bf2d967444343acb18d3f962ec93194 Before meeting Kim, Trump oversees big Vietnamese plane deal]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
+*Halaschak, Zachary (February 27, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-praises-purchases-by-vietnamese-airlines Trump praises purchases by Vietnamese airlines]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
+*Salama, Vivian; Hookway, James (February 27, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/vietnam-gives-u-s-aviation-industry-21-billion-boost-11551259441 Vietnam Gives U.S. Aviation Industry $21 Billion Boost]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (February 27, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/americans-sign-21-billion-deal-ahead-of-trump-kim-summit_2817452.html US Firms Sign Deals Worth $21 Billion in Vietnam]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
+*Giang, Nguyen Kieu; Park, Kyunghee; Uyen, Nguyen Dieu Tu (February 26, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-27/boeing-wins-15-7-billion-vietnam-orders-on-trump-s-hanoi-visit Boeing Signs $15.7 Billion Vietnam Orders on Trump's Visit]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
+*Morin, Rebecca (February 27, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/story/2019/02/27/trump-boeing-vietnam-trade-agreement-1189984 Trump hails $20 billion in Boeing orders by Vietnam]. ''Politico''. Retrieved February 28, 2019.</ref>
+*March 4, 2019—The Commerce Department began an investigation into whether titanium imports negatively impact U.S. national security.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Mauldin, William (March 4, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-probes-titanium-imports-in-possible-tariff-case-11551743674 U.S. Probes Titanium Imports in Possible Tariff Case]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
+*Shepardson, David (March 4, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-defense/u-s-launches-national-security-probe-into-titanium-sponge-imports-idUSKCN1QL2C2 U.S. launches national security probe into titanium sponge imports]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/04/commerce-launches-investigation-into-titanium-sponge-imports.html Commerce Department launches national security investigation into titanium sponge imports]. ''CNBC'' (from ''Reuters''). March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
+*Politi, James (March 5, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/470dadf6-3ef6-11e9-b896-fe36ec32aece Japan to bear brunt of US titanium probe]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved March 5, 2019.</ref>
+*March 4, 2019—The Trump Administration announced it would end preferential trade status for [[India]] and [[Turkey]] since such treatment had not led to any advantages to the U.S.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Mauldin, William (March 5, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-trim-trade-privileges-for-india-turkey-11551806300 U.S. to Trim Trade Privileges for India, Turkey]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (March 4, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/mar/4/india-preferential-trade-status-ending-over-tariff/ 'High-tariff nation': Trump to end India's preferential trade status]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
+*Burke, Michael (March 5, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/432593-trump-planning-to-end-indias-status-as-preferential-trade-partner Trump planning to end India's status as preferential trade partner]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
+*Beech, Eric; Dasgupta, Neha (March 4, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-india/trump-scraps-trade-privilege-for-india-delhi-plays-down-impact-idUSKCN1QM007 Trump moves to scrap trade privilege for India, Delhi plays down impact]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
+*Leonard, Jenny; Jacobs, Jennifer (March 4, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-05/trump-warns-he-will-end-key-trade-preferences-for-india-turkey Trump Plans to End Key Trade Preferences for India and Turkey]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
+*[https://www.apnews.com/5a8ed9b307254bad8d88ab444fab5f4a US ends preferential trade deals with India, Turkey]. ''Associated Press''. March 5, 2019. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
+*Coote, Darryl (March 5, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Trump-terminates-preferential-trade-status-to-India-Turkey/2681551775803/ Trump terminates preferential trade status to India, Turkey]. ''UPI''. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
+*[https://www.voanews.com/a/us-to-end-preferential-trade-status-for-india-turkey/4813622.html US to End Preferential Trade Status for India, Turkey]. ''Voice of America'' (from ''Agence France-Presse''). March 4, 2019. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
+*Masih, Nina (March 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/its-official-india-is-trumps-next-target-in-the-trade-wars/2019/03/05/39000298-3f34-11e9-a44b-42f4df262a4c_story.html It’s official: India is Trump’s next target in the trade wars]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 10, 2019.</ref> On May 16, 2019, President Trump signed a proclamation making the termination for Turkey official.<ref name="TrumpTurkey2019">Multiple references:
+*Mauldin, William (May 16, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-reduces-special-tariff-on-turkish-steel-11558055368 U.S. Reduces Special Tariff on Turkish Steel]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Pamuk, Humeyra; Beech, Eric (May 16, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-turkey/u-s-terminates-turkeys-preferential-trade-agreement-reduces-tariffs-on-steel-idUSKCN1SN01Z U.S. terminates Turkey's preferential trade agreement, reduces tariffs on steel]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Frazin, Rachel (May 16, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/444192-trump-cuts-steel-tariffs-on-turkey-by-half Trump cuts steel tariffs on Turkey by half]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Deaux, Joe (May 16, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-17/trump-cuts-tariffs-on-turkish-steel-imports-in-half-to-25 Trump Cuts Tariffs on Turkish Steel Imports in Half, to 25%]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Koc, Cagan (May 17, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-17/turkey-rattled-as-trump-ends-key-trade-preferences-for-istanbul Turkey Protests U.S. After Trump Ends Key Trade Preferences]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Politi, James; Pitel, Laura (May 16, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/d17d0de4-7842-11e9-be7d-6d846537acab US cuts Turkish steel tariffs by half to 25%]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*[https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/US-terminates-Turkeys-preferential-trade-agreement-589970 US Terminates Turkey's Preferential Trade Agreement]. ''The Jerusalem Post'' (from ''Reuters''). May 17, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+In exchange for the U.S. lowering its steel tariff on Turkey, Turkey lowered tariffs on 22 U.S. imports:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-turkey/turkey-lowers-tariffs-on-some-u-s-imports-to-reciprocate-u-s-move-idUSKCN1SS0P2 Turkey lowers tariffs on some U.S. imports to reciprocate U.S. move]. ''Reuters''. May 22, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
+*[https://www.dailysabah.com/business/2019/05/22/turkey-halves-tariffs-on-22-us-imports-to-reciprocate-washington-move Turkey halves tariffs on 22 US imports to reciprocate Washington move]. ''Daily Sabah''. May 22, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2019.</ref> On May 31, 2019, the Trump Administration announced it would end India's special status on June 5, 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Bleau, Hannah (June 1, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/01/president-trump-terminates-indias-preferential-trade-status/ President Trump Terminates India’s Preferential Trade Status]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-india-trade/trump-to-end-trade-privileges-for-india-on-june-5-idUSKCN1T22T3 Trump to end trade privileges for India on June 5]. ''Reuters''. May 31, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Sink, Justin; Leonard, Jenny (May 31, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-01/trump-ends-india-s-trade-designation-as-a-developing-nation Trump Ends India's Trade Designation as a Developing Nation]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana; Goel, Vindu (May 31, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/31/business/trump-india-trade.html Trump Administration Strips India of Special Trade Status]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Frazin, Rachel (June 1, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/446461-trump-administration-strips-india-of-special-trade-status Trump moves to strip India of special trade status]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*[https://p.dw.com/p/3Jar1 US President Donald Trump terminates preferential trade status for India]. ''Deutsche Welle''. June 1, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*[https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-to-end-india-s-preferential-trade-status/4941598.html Trump to End India’s Preferential Trade Status]. ''Voice of America'' (from ''Reuters''). June 1, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48482988 US ends special trade treatment for India amid tariff dispute]. ''BBC News''. June 1, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Stracqualursi, Veronica; Borak, Donna (June 1, 2019). [https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/01/politics/trump-india-trade-status/index.html Trump removes India from special trade status]. ''CNN''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+See also:
+*Cadman, Dan (July 10, 2019). [https://cis.org/Cadman/President-Using-All-Chess-Pieces-Available-Him-Fair-Trade-Matters Is the President Using All the Chess Pieces Available to Him on "Fair Trade" Matters?] ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved July 10, 2019.</ref> On October 14, 2019, President Trump ended trade negotiations with Turkey and raised steel tariffs on the country to 50%, among other actions, because of the country's actions in Syria.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Spiering, Charlie (October 14, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/10/14/donald-trump-details-sanctions-on-turkey-in-response-to-attacking-kurds/ Donald Trump Details Sanctions on Turkey in Response to Attacking Kurds]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Talley, Ian; Salama, Vivian (October 14, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/president-trump-to-weigh-retaliatory-options-against-turkey-11571072243 U.S. Imposes Penalties on Turkey, Aiming to Stop Incursion Into Syria]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Re, Gregg (October 14, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-turkey-syria-sanctions-destabilizing-actions Trump authorizes sanctions against Turkey amid Syria incursion, calls for end to its 'destabilizing actions']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (October 14, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/14/turkey-sanctions-coming-after-syria-attack-donald-/ Trump says he will hammer Turkey with sanctions, cease trade talks]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Stieber, Zachary (October 14, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-to-impose-sanctions-against-turkey-officials-for-incursion-into-syria_3116152.html Trump to Impose Sanctions Against Turkey Officials for Incursion Into Syria]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Gehrke, Joel (October 14, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/trump-announces-steel-tariffs-and-sanctions-on-turkey-in-response-to-assault-on-kurds Trump announces steel tariffs and sanctions on Turkey in response to assault on Kurds]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Samuels, Brett (October 14, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/465737-trump-to-impose-sanctions-on-turkey-for-military-offensive-in-syria Trump to impose sanctions on Turkey for military offensive in Syria]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Breuninger, Kevin (October 14, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/14/trump-halting-trade-negotiations-with-turkey-raising-its-steel-tariffs-to-50percent.html Trump halts trade negotiations with Turkey, raises its steel tariffs to 50%]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Burns, Robert (October 14, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/594ac1ca4c294c29b7a213ccf5d4dfad Trump orders Turkey sanctions; US scrambles for Syria exit]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Sakelaris, Nicholas (October 14, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2019/10/14/United-States-imposes-sanctions-on-Turkey-Erdogan-calls-for-NATO-help-in-Syria/2571571050747/ United States imposes sanctions on Turkey; Erdogan calls for NATO help in Syria]. ''UPI''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Holland, Steve; Francis, Ellen; Gumrukcu, Tuvan (October 14, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-usa/u-s-demands-syria-ceasefire-slaps-sanctions-on-turkey-over-incursion-idUSKBN1WT0ZC U.S. demands Syria ceasefire, slaps sanctions on Turkey over incursion]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Burns, Robert (October 15, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/767054f1f99f40199a80bfea8e16ccdf Trump threatens to ‘destroy’ Turkey’s economy with sanctions]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
+*Mass, Warren (October 15, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/33681-trump-places-sanctions-on-turkey-in-response-to-invasion-of-northern-syria Trump Places Sanctions on Turkey in Response to Invasion of Northern Syria]. ''The New American''. Retrieved October 15, 2019.</ref>
+*April 3, 2019—President Trump signed a memorandum cracking down on online counterfeit goods trafficking on websites such as Amazon and eBay.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Budryk, Zack (April 3, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/trade/437165-trump-signs-memorandum-to-stem-counterfeit-goods-trafficking Trump signs memo to stem counterfeit goods trafficking]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
+*Riechmann, Deb (April 3, 2019). [https://apnews.com/71d9d74bb31a4447b7a34446cf2410be Trump signs memorandum to stem counterfeit goods trafficking]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
+*Herman, Steve (April 3, 2019). [https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-signs-order-aimed-at-stopping-counterfeit-sales-through-alibaba-amazon-ebay-others/4860295.html Trump Administration Looks to Eradicate Online Sales of Fake Products]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
+*Fritze, John (April 3, 2019). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/04/03/donald-trump-amazon-ebay-pressured-white-house-counterfeit-goods/3351326002/ 'Wild West of counterfeiting': Trump takes shot at Amazon, eBay over fake goods]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
+*Svab, Petr (April 3, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-to-press-amazon-alibaba-ebay-to-police-counterfeit-product-sellers_2865009.html Trump to Press Amazon, Alibaba, eBay to Police Counterfeit Product Sellers]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
+*Boyer, Dave (April 3, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/apr/3/trump-signs-order-combat-counterfeit-goods-online/ Trump signs order to combat counterfeit goods sold online]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-counterfeit/trump-orders-crackdown-on-counterfeit-sales-online-idUSKCN1RF1V7 Trump orders crackdown on counterfeit sales online]. ''Reuters''. April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
+*Hughes, Clyde (April 3, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Trump-signs-memo-to-fight-counterfeit-products-online/7681554305512/ Trump signs memo to fight counterfeit products online]. ''UPI''. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
+*Pramuk, Jacob (April 3, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/03/trump-to-sign-measure-to-crack-down-on-fake-goods-sold-online.html Trump puts Amazon, Alibaba on notice for sale of counterfeit goods]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
+See also:
+*Navarro, Peter (April 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-has-a-plan-to-stop-fake-goods-11554246679 Trump Has a Plan to Stop Fake Goods]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 4, 2019.
+*Navarro, Peter; Amin, Vishal (November 24, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/navarro-amin-trump-administration-protects-consumers-by-keeping-dangerous-counterfeit-goods-out-of-us Navarro & Amin: Trump administration protects consumers by keeping dangerous counterfeit goods out of US]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved November 24, 2019.</ref>
+*April 8, 2019—The Trump Administration proposed a list of $11 billion worth of tariffs on [[European Union]] products in retaliation against the EU's subsidies for [[Airbus]].<ref>Multiple references:
+*Zumbrun, Joshua (April 9, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-impose-tariffs-on-11-billion-of-eu-goods-11554770493 U.S. Moves to Impose Tariffs on $11 Billion of EU Goods]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-eu-tariffs/u-s-proposes-list-of-eu-goods-for-tariff-retaliation-against-airbus-subsidies-idUSKCN1RK2KE U.S. proposes list of EU goods for tariff retaliation against Airbus subsidies]. ''Reuters''. April 8, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana (April 9, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/09/us/politics/boeing-airbus-tariffs.html U.S. Readies $11 Billion in Tariffs on E.U.] ''The New York Times''. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
+*Gregg, Aaron (April 9, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/04/09/broadside-against-airbus-us-launches-aircraft-tariffs/ In a broadside against Airbus, U.S. pursues aircraft tariffs]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
+*Piovano, Carlo; Wiseman, Paul (April 9, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/031280fc3549487d8fc66c87fa08be40 From jets to cheese: Trump wants to impose new tariffs on EU]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
+President Trump also announced the tariffs and criticized the EU:
+*Vogt, Bailey (April 9, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/apr/9/donald-trump-on-tariffs-the-european-union-has-tak/ Trump on tariffs: The European Union 'has taken advantage' of U.S. trade]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
+*Bredemeier, Ken (April 9, 2019). [https://www.voanews.com/a/us-europe-tariffs/4868041.html Trump: US to Put Tariffs on $11B in EU Goods]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (April 9, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-threatens-eu-with-11-billion-in-tariffs-to-retaliate-for-airbus-subsidies Trump threatens EU with $11 billion in tariffs to retaliate for Airbus subsidies]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
+*Xiao, Bowen (April 9, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-threatens-more-tariffs-against-european-union_2873045.html Trump Threatens More Tariffs Against European Union]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
+*Bowden, John (April 9, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/437975-trump-announces-move-to-impose-11b-of-tariffs-on-eu-goods Trump touts tariffs on $11B of EU products]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-eu-tariffs-trump/trump-slams-eu-in-aircraft-dispute-pushes-tariffs-on-11-billion-of-imports-idUSKCN1RL1CX Trump slams EU in aircraft dispute, pushes tariffs on $11 billion of imports]. ''Reuters''. April 9, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
+See also:
+*Mauldin, William; Zumbrun, Joshua (April 9, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-says-jet-tariffs-threat-isnt-tied-to-broad-eu-trade-push-11554836777 U.S. Says Jet-Tariffs Threat Isn’t Tied to Broad EU Trade Push]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 9, 2019.</ref> On July 1, 2019, the USTR proposed an additional $4 billion in tariffs because of the Airbus subsidies.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Zumbrun, Joshua (July 1, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-proposes-more-european-tariffs-pending-airbus-case-11562026415 U.S. Proposes More European Tariffs Pending Airbus Case]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
+*Klar, Rebecca (July 1, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/europe/451259-us-proposes-4b-in-new-eu-tariffs US proposes $4B in new EU tariffs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
+*Shalal, Andrea (July 1, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-eu/ustr-proposes-4-billion-in-potential-additional-tariffs-over-eu-aircraft-subsidies-idUSKCN1TW3ZR USTR proposes $4 billion in potential additional tariffs over EU aircraft subsidies]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
+*McGregor, Sarah (July 1, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-01/u-s-proposes-more-tariffs-on-eu-goods-in-airbus-boeing-dispute U.S. Proposes More Tariffs on EU Goods in Airbus-Boeing Dispute]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
+*Tyko, Kelly (July 1, 2019). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/07/01/us-proposing-more-tariffs-ongoing-dispute-european-union/1624758001/ US proposing more tariffs on European goods as part of dispute over aircraft subsidies]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
+*Kollewe, Julia (July 2, 2019). [https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/jul/02/donald-trump-new-tariffs-eu-cheese-whisky-aircraft-subsidies Donald Trump threatens new tariffs on $4bn of EU products]. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/01/us-proposes-4-billion-additional-tariffs-over-eu-aircraft-subsidies.html US proposes $4 billion in potential additional tariffs over EU aircraft subsidies]. ''CNBC'' (from ''Reuters''). July 1, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
+*Shrikanth, Siddarth; Brunsden, Jim (July 2, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/c6a097e6-9c6f-11e9-9c06-a4640c9feebb US considers extra $4bn of tariffs in EU aircraft subsidies spat]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
+*Falconer, Rebecca (July 2, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/us-threatens-eu-with-4-billion-in-tariffs-b7eace39-d2ea-4a63-beec-25bd5940d5fe.html U.S. threatens to hit EU with $4 billion in additional tariffs]. ''Axios''. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (July 7, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-seeks-to-end-a-long-running-trans-atlantic-dispute_2992973.html US Seeks to End a Long-Running Trans-Atlantic Dispute]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
+*Sakelaris, Nicholas (July 2, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/07/02/US-proposes-4B-worth-of-new-tariffs-in-EU-Airbus-feud/5771562067433/ U.S. proposes $4B worth of new tariffs in EU-Airbus feud]. ''UPI''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.</ref> On October 2, 2019, it announced it would impose tariffs on $7.5 billion in EU products after a favorable WTO ruling in the biggest case in the international organization's history, and the tariffs went into effect on October 18, 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (October 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/10/02/eu-tariffs/ U.S. Will Impose Tariffs on $7.5 Billion of Goods from European Union]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
+*Peker, Emre; Zumbrun, Josh (October 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-can-levy-tariffs-on-eu-exports-over-airbus-wto-says-11570025040 U.S. to Impose Tariffs on EU Goods After WTO’s Airbus Ruling]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
+*Garber, Jonathan (October 2, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/wto-rules-us-can-slap-tariffs-on-7-5-billion-of-eu-goods US to hit $7.5B of EU goods with tariffs on Oct. 18]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (October 2, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/scotch-cheese-olive-oil-more-trump-enact-7-5-billion-in-tariffs-eu-imports Scotch, cheese, olive oil and more: Trump to enact $7.5 billion in tariffs on EU imports]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan (October 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/464103-trump-to-impose-tariffs-on-eu-aircraft-agricultural-exports-on-oct-18 Trump to hit EU with new tariffs after WTO ruling]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
+*Pramuk, Jacob; Tausche, Kayla (October 2, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/02/us-to-impose-tariffs-on-eu-products-after-wto-victory.html US to impose tariffs on EU aircraft and agricultural products]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
+*Hepher, Tim; Blenkinsop, Philip; Lawder, David (October 2, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-wto-aircraft/u-s-widens-trade-war-with-tariffs-on-european-planes-cheese-whisky-to-punish-subsidies-idUSKBN1WH0SI U.S. widens trade war with tariffs on European planes, cheese, whisky to punish subsidies]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
+*Shepardson, David; Lawder, David (October 2, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-wto-aircraft-drink-food/u-s-hits-scotch-whisky-italian-cheese-french-wine-with-25-tariffs-idUSKBN1WH2G7 U.S. hits Scotch whisky, Italian cheese, French wine with 25% tariffs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Keaten, Jamey (October 2, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/e5e3da46308348bb991f683e2cd801c3 US tariffs on EU goods would include cheese, wine, aircraft]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana (October 2, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/02/us/politics/airbus-tariffs-wto.html U.S. to Tax European Aircraft, Agriculture and Other Goods]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
+*Hughes, Clyde (Octobe 3, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2019/10/03/US-plans-new-tariffs-for-EU-liquors-foods-Airbus-aviation-products/5071570100096/ U.S. plans new tariffs for EU liquors, foods, Airbus aviation products]. ''UPI''. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (October 18, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/us-imposes-tariffs-on-eu-wine-cheese-and-olive-oil-as-broader-trade-talks-languish US imposes tariffs on EU wine, cheese, and olive oil as broader trade talks languish]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 18, 2019.
+See also:
+*[https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/trump-wto-ruling-tariff-case-nice-victory Trump: WTO ruling in tariff case a 'nice victory' for US]. ''Fox Business''. October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
+*Holton, Kate (October 3, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-wto-aircraft/trump-hails-nice-victory-on-trade-as-eu-whisky-wine-makers-left-reeling-idUSKBN1WI0X9 Trump hails 'nice victory' on trade as EU whisky, wine makers left reeling]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
+*Shalal, Andrea; Hepher, Tim (October 2, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-wto-aircraft-alabama/airbus-plant-in-alabama-spared-fallout-from-u-s-tariffs-idUSKBN1WI04K Airbus plant in Alabama spared fallout from U.S. tariffs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-wto-aircraft-usa/ustr-plans-no-grace-period-for-product-in-transit-when-eu-tariffs-take-effect-cheese-importers-idUSKBN1WI21M USTR plans no grace period for product in transit when EU tariffs take effect: cheese importers]. ''Reuters''. October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
+*Piovano, Carlo; Cook, Lorne (October 3, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/f9a1b466d1a64c649c4c68054be316b9 US-Europe dispute threatens main artery of world trade]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
+*Blenkinsop, Philip (October 4, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-economy-weekahead/wto-win-wont-sway-united-states-from-its-combative-trade-stance-idUSKBN1WJ1IP WTO win won't sway United States from its combative trade stance]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (October 6, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/6/airbus-tariffs-hit-french-wines-italian-cheese/ Obscure trade fight threatens to ding French wines, Italian cheese]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
+*[https://www.apnews.com/34ce6d503fe14d7388c8d6d87c61aa03 WTO body formally OKs US sanctions against EU in Airbus case]. ''Associated Press''. October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Nebehay, Stephanie (October 14, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-wto-aircraft/wto-clears-u-s-to-target-eu-goods-with-tariffs-over-airbus-idUSKBN1WT0T2 WTO clears U.S. to target EU goods with tariffs over Airbus]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.</ref>
+*May 5, 2019—President Trump announced that because of China's stalling in negotiations, he planned on raising tariffs on $200 billion of the country's exports to the U.S. from 10% to 25%.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (May 5, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2019/05/05/trump-says-hike-tariffs-25-200-billion-chinese-goods/ Trump Says He Will Hike Tariffs to 25% on $200 Billion of Chinese Goods]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
+*Davis, Bob; Ballhaus, Rebecca; Wei, Lingling (May 5, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-says-he-will-increase-tariffs-on-200-billion-of-chinese-goods-from-10-to-25-on-friday-11557075332 Trump Issues Tariff Threat and China Considers Pulling Out of Talks]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
+*Aaro, David (May 5, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-tariffs-chinese-goods-25-percent-threat Trump threatens to raise tariffs on $200B worth of Chinese goods to 25 percent]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
+*Hao, Nicole (May 5, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-announces-tariff-increase-on-chinese-goods-citing-slow-progress-in-trade-talks_2907785.html Trump Announces Tariff Increase on Chinese Goods, Citing Slow Progress in Trade Talks]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
+*Boyer, Dave (May 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/may/5/donald-trump-raises-china-trade-tariffs-25-percent/ Trump raises China tariffs to 25% as talks move 'too slowly']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (May 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-hikes-tariffs-on-chinese-goods-to-25-percent Trump hikes tariffs on Chinese goods to 25%]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
+*Mason, Jeff; Shepardson, David (May 2, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/in-abrupt-turn-trump-vows-higher-u-s-tariffs-on-china-goods-idUSKCN1SB0KP Trump vows tariff hike on Chinese goods, escalating tension in trade talks]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
+*Birnbaum, Emily (May 5, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/442191-trump-tariffs-on-200-billion-of-chinese-goods-will-rise-to-25-percent Trump says he will increase tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese goods]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
+*Kimball, Spencer (May 5, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/05/trump-says-tariffs-on-200-billion-of-chinese-goods-will-increase-to-25percent-on-friday.html Trump says tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese goods will increase to 25%, blames slow progress in trade talks]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Pisani, Joseph (May 5, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/c064e6ebcd2e4f0f90e01f65c69662a1 Trump threatens to hike tariffs on $200B of Chinese imports]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
+*Uria, Daniel (May 5, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/05/05/Trump-pledges-to-raise-tariffs-on-200B-of-Chinese-goods-to-25/4731557078412/ Trump pledges to raise tariffs on $200B of Chinese goods to 25%]. ''UPI''. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
+The following day, the USTR mirrored President Trump's comments:
+*Mauldin, William; Bender, Michael C.; Zumbrun, Josh (May 6, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/lighthizer-says-china-reneging-on-trade-talk-commitments-11557176867 White House Ratchets Up Trade Fight]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan (May 6, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/442366-trump-trade-chief-says-us-will-boost-tariffs-on-chinese-goods Trump trade chief says US will boost tariffs on Chinese goods]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
+*Carney, John (May 6, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/06/chinarenged/ Lighthizer and Mnuchin Say China Reneged in Trade Talks]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; McDonald, Joe (May 6, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/8ebd158a558b46e7b0fe06de308ef1ec US plans to hike tariffs Friday, says China broke promises]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-talks/u-s-says-china-reneged-on-trade-commitments-talks-continue-idUSKCN1SC247 U.S. says China reneged on trade commitments, talks continue]. ''Reuters''. May 6, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
+*Mason, Jeff; Lawder, David (May 6, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-china-reneged-on-trade-commitments-sparking-trump-tariff-hike-idUSKCN1SC0MF U.S.: China reneged on trade commitments, sparking Trump tariff hike]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
+See also:
+*Rogan, Tom (May 6, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/trump-just-had-a-great-24-hours-on-china Trump just had a great 24 hours on China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
+*Zeng, Jennifer (May 6, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/chinese-regime-shocked-by-tariff-increases-chinese-netizens-celebrate_2909515.html Chinese Regime Shocked by Tariff Increases; Chinese Netizens Celebrate]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
+*Liu, Luoyan; Galbraith, Andrew (May 6, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-markets/china-stocks-fall-most-in-over-three-years-on-tariff-threats-yuan-tumbles-idUSKCN1SC0J9 China stocks fall most in over three years on tariff threats, yuan tumbles]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 6, 2019.
+*Wolverton, Joe (May 8, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/item/32224-despite-trump-s-tariffs-chinese-trade-official-to-visit-u-s Despite Trump's Tariffs, Chinese Trade Official to Visit United States]. ''The New American''. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
+*He, Cathy (May 8, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-would-be-happy-to-leave-china-tariffs-in-place-trump-says_2911908.html US Would be Happy to Leave China Tariffs in Place, Trump Says]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
+*Binder, John (May 8, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/08/afl-cio-silent-as-trump-hikes-china-tariffs-to-protect-american-workers/ AFL-CIO Silent as Trump Hikes China Tariffs to Protect American Workers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 9, 2019.</ref> On May 8, 2019, the USTR filed a notice for the tariff increase.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (May 8, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/08/lighthizer-files-tariff-papers/ Lighthizer Files the Paperwork Hiking China Tariffs to 25 Percent]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan (May 8, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/442744-white-house-files-notice-to-raise-tariffs-on-china White House files notice to raise tariffs on China]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
+*[https://www.apnews.com/d132854bd425456697a213255fdec6e6 US files plans to raise tariffs on Chinese imports]. ''Associated Press''. May 8, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
+*Zumbrun, Joshua (May 8, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-files-paperwork-to-raise-china-tariffs-on-friday-11557323595 China Threatens Retaliation as U.S. Files Paperwork to Raise Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
+U.S. Customs and Border Protection also moved forward with the tariffs:
+*Lawder, David (May 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tariffs/u-s-customs-agency-issues-tariff-increase-notice-allows-grace-period-idUSKCN1SF2DV U.S. Customs agency issues tariff increase notice, allows grace period]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+See also:
+*Meier, Lauren (May 9, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/may/9/trump-prepared-to-move-ahead-with-increase-in-tari/ Trump prepared to move ahead with increase in tariffs against China]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Mason, Jeff; Chen, Yawen (May 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/trump-rattles-saber-at-china-ahead-of-make-or-break-trade-talks-idUSKCN1SF2BF Trump readies more China tariffs as make-or-break trade talks start]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
+*Herman, Steve (May 9, 2019). [https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-paperwork-started-for-new-tariffs-on-chinese-products-/4910903.html Trump: Paperwork Started for New Tariffs on Chinese Products]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+*Carney, John (May 9, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/09/chinese-goods-are-less-than-2-percent-of-u-s-consumer-spending/ Chinese Goods are Less Than 2 Percent of U.S Consumer Spending]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 9, 2019.</ref> The tariff increase happened as scheduled at midnight on May 10, 2019.<ref name="ChinaTariffsMay2019">Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (May 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/10/china-tariffs-rise-to-25-even-while-trade-talks-persist/ China Tariffs Rise to 25% Even While Trade Talks Persist]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (May 10, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-hikes-tariffs-on-chinese-goods-as-trade-talks-resume Trump hikes tariffs on Chinese goods as trade talks resume]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (May 10, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/may/10/donald-trump-hikes-tariffs-chinese-imports-congeni/ Trump hikes tariffs on Chinese imports]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Axelrod, Tal (May 10, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/443062-us-tariff-hike-takes-effect-china-vows-retaliation US tariff hike takes effect, China vows retaliation]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Davis, Bob; Zumbrun, Josh (May 10, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-move-forward-with-china-tariffs-trump-says-11557424081 U.S. Slaps Higher Tariffs on Chinese Imports as Trade Talks Resume]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Casiano, Louis (May 9, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/china-tariffs-set-to-increase-as-trade-talks-resume US to slap tariffs on $200B in Chinese goods, WH says, but trade talks to resume Friday]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Jackson, David; Collins, Michael; Fritze, John (May 9, 2019). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/09/donald-trump-white-house-continues-trade-talks-china-past-deadline/1150788001/ Trump's 25% China tariffs begin as trade talks between two nations continue]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Coote, Darryl; Sakelaris, Nicholas (May 10, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/05/10/New-US-tariffs-kick-in-amid-trade-talks-China-vows-to-hit-back/9901557475125/ U.S., Chinese negotiators end trade talks with no deal]. ''UPI''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Pramuk, Jacob; Rosenfeld, Everett (May 10, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/10/china-trade-us-tariffs-jump-but-trade-war-talks-to-continue.html US tariffs on China jump as deadline passes, China immediately says it will retaliate]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
+Subsequent statements by President Trump:
+*Singman, Brooke (May 10, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-touts-tariffs-on-china-as-trade-standoff-heats-up Trump says Obama let China get away with 'murder,' touts tariffs as trade standoff heats up]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Axelrod, Tal (May 10, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/443064-trump-on-tariff-talks-absolutely-no-need-to-rush Trump defends tariffs: 'Will bring in FAR MORE wealth' than traditional deal]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Riechmann, Deb (May 10, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/420f9e3ae0714dc08d97c5e7dc093f46 Trump says China tariffs help, not hurt the US]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-claims-china-tariffs-help-not-hurt-us-talks-still-on_2916179.html Trump Claims China Tariffs Help, Not Hurt US, Talks Still On]. ''The Epoch Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Mason, Jeff; Pamuk, Humeyra (May 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tariffs/trump-says-no-rush-to-reach-deal-with-china-as-trade-war-escalates-idUSKCN1SG08X Trump says talks with China to continue as trade war escalates]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Politi, James; Mitchell, Tom; Liu, Nian; Lockett, Hudson; Shrikanth, Siddarth (May 10, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/ed52b21c-72ca-11e9-bf5c-6eeb837566c5 Donald Trump signals tougher line after trade talks end]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Fabian, Jordan (May 10, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/443171-trump-touts-trade-talks-as-china-us-fail-to-reach-deal Trump touts tariffs as China, US fail to reach trade deal]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Donnan, Shawn; Zhao, Yinan; Han, Miao (May 11, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-11/china-names-its-trade-deal-price-as-trump-sets-month-deadline Trump Warns China to Act on U.S. Trade Deal or Face Worse Terms]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+President Trump pointed out that companies could avoid those tariffs by producing in the U.S.:
+*Siegel, Josh (May 11, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-says-companies-should-produce-products-in-good-old-usa-to-avoid-tariffs Trump says companies should produce products in 'good old USA' to avoid tariffs]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+*[https://www.breitbart.com/news/trump-to-us-companies-make-products-at-home/ Trump to US companies: make products at home]. ''Breitbart News'' (from ''AFP''). May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+*[https://www.oann.com/president-urges-companies-to-produce-domestically-to-avoid-tariffs/ President Trump Urges Companies To Produce Domestically To Avoid Tariffs]. ''One America News Network''. May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+*[https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/usa-china-trade-donald-trump-offers-easy-way-to-avoid-tariffs-make-in-good-old-usa-2036321 Trump Offers "Easy Way To Avoid Tariffs" - Make In Good Old USA]. ''NDTV'' (from ''Agence France-Presse''). May 12, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
+Stocks rose the same day as the tariffs:
+*Carney, John (May 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/10/stocks-jump-after-trump-calls-latest-talks-with-china-constructive/ Stocks Jump After Trump Calls Latest Talks with China “Constructive”]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Lockett, Hudson (May 10, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/a25d85f4-72cd-11e9-bbfb-5c68069fbd15 Stocks rise despite dashed hopes over US-China trade deal]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Troise, Damian J.; Veiga, Alex (May 10, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/626cb98871a043699f6a8cf53bd1cd0c Stocks rebound as hopes rise that trade tensions will ease]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+Trade talks between the U.S. and China held that day ended without a deal:
+*Davis, Bob (May 10, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-china-trade-talks-break-off-with-no-deal-11557511539 U.S.-China Trade Talks End Without a Deal]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Freking, Kevin (May 10, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/e8a5195c21af44e5b783082366cc2f29 US-China talks break up after US raises tariffs]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*He, Cathy (May 10, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-china-trade-talks-break-up-with-no-deal-after-us-enacts-tariff-hike_2916495.html US-China Trade Talks Break up With No Deal After US Enacts Tariff Hike]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Casiano, Louis (May 11, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-administration-gives-china-one-month-deadline-to-agree-to-trade-pact-as-talks-continue US-China trade talks end with no deal, but Trump puts faith in 'strong' relationship with Xi]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+*Widakuswara, Patsy (May 10, 2019). [https://www.voanews.com/a/trump-us-tariffs-chinese-products/4912074.html US-China Trade Talks End with No Apparent Deal]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+See also:
+*Akan, Emel (May 13, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/new-tariffs-show-trumps-determination-to-squeeze-china-over-trade_2921941.html New Tariffs Show Trump’s Determination to Squeeze China Over Trade]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+*Ellis, Curtis (May 10, 2019). [https://www.wnd.com/2019/05/what-media-wont-tell-you-about-trump-and-china/ What media won't tell you about Trump and China]. ''WND''. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+*Carney, John (May 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/10/raise-tariffs-on-all-china-imports/ Carney: U.S. Consumers Will Not Suffer Even If Trump Raises Tariffs on All Chinese Imports]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Grant, Rebecca (May 10, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/rebecca-grant-for-trump-the-china-trade-war-began-long-ago-and-this-is-a-war-hes-determined-not-to-lose Rebecca Grant: For Trump, the China trade war began long ago – and this is a war he’s determined not to lose]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Brady, Mark (May 10, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/443159-trump-should-walk-if-china-refuses-to-change-its-ways Trump should walk if China refuses to change its ways]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Creitz, Charles (May 13, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/laura-ingraham-trump-china-tariffs-punish-clean-up 'Trump, the clean-up man': Ingraham says president 'wisely using tariffs' to 'punish China']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+*Hurt, Charles (May 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/15/the-nuclear-option-trump-schools-beltway-again-this-time-on-china/ The Nuclear Option: Trump Schools Beltway — Again — This Time on China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
+*Wong, Sue-Lin; Liu, Nicolle (May 10, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/dcb49ce4-72d5-11e9-bbfb-5c68069fbd15 Chinese companies caught off guard by sudden US shift on trade]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Taplin, Nathaniel (May 10, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/more-tariffs-are-exactly-what-china-inc-doesnt-need-11557475150 More Tariffs Are Exactly What China Inc. Doesn’t Need]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+*Hao, Nicole (May 10, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/facing-uncertainty-with-us-trade-talks-china-checks-on-grain-reserves-to-ensure-enough-domestic-supply_2915635.html Facing Uncertainty with US Trade Talks, China Checks on Grain Reserves to Ensure Enough Domestic Supply]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+*Moore, Stephen (May 12, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/443300-why-free-traders-and-all-americans-should-back-trump-on-china-policy Why free-traders and all Americans should back Trump on China policy]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (May 12, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/260e2e441d3d49118e98ef367afd0f15 Why tariff war threatens Beijing’s global economic ambitions]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
+*Finn, Tom (May 12, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-forex/chinese-yuan-falls-to-2019-low-on-u-s-china-trade-setback-idUSKCN1SJ00S Chinese yuan falls to 2019 low on U.S.-China trade setback]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+*Liu, Luoyan (May 13, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-markets/china-stocks-yuan-weaken-as-trade-war-escalates-idUSKCN1SK0AM China stocks, yuan weaken as trade war escalates]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Crutsinger, Martin; Rugaber, Christopher (May 15, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/45fc97dce5fa4f33a1637e8a641bd233 US, China trade conflict was 20 years in the making]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 15, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (May 16, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/32365-rhetoric-escalates-in-trade-war-as-trump-targets-huawei Rhetoric Escalates in Trade War as Trump Targets Huawei]. ''The New American''. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
+*Batra, Ravi (May 30, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/446044-tariffs-may-make-imports-from-china-cheaper-not-more-expensive Tariffs may make imports from China cheaper, not more expensive]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tariffs/u-s-begins-collecting-higher-tariffs-on-chinese-goods-arriving-by-sea-idUSKCN1T22W7 U.S. begins collecting higher tariffs on Chinese goods arriving by sea]. ''Reuters''. May 31, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (June 7, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/white-house-delays-tariff-hike-on-numerous-chinese-products White House delays tariff hike on numerous Chinese products]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+*Mauldin, William; Hughes, Siobhan (May 12, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/broad-support-for-trumps-china-fight-faces-test-as-tariffs-escalate-11557658801 Broad Support for Trump’s China Fight Faces Test as Tariffs Escalate]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 14, 2020.</ref> That same day, the USTR began the process of raising tariffs on all remaining Chinese imports.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (May 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/10/trump-tells-lighthizer-to-ready-tariffs-on-all-chinese-goods/ Trump Tells Lighthizer to Ready Tariffs on All Chinese Goods]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Lawder, David; Pamuk, Humeyra (May 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tariffs/trump-ratchets-up-tariff-threat-after-talks-show-no-progress-idUSKCN1SG08X Trump ratchets up tariff threat after talks show no progress]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ustr/trump-begins-process-to-raise-tariffs-on-remaining-china-imports-ustr-idUSKCN1SG2J6 Trump begins process to raise tariffs on remaining China imports: USTR]. ''Reuters''. May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (May 10, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/white-house-plans-new-tariffs-on-300-billion-of-chinese-goods White House plans new tariffs on $300 billion of Chinese goods]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 11, 2019.
+*[https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/donald-trump-orders-tariff-rises-on-remaining-chinese-imports-2036006 Donald Trump Orders Tariff Rises On Remaining Chinese Imports]. ''NDTV'' (from ''Agence France-Presse''). May 11, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+On May 13, 2019, the USTR released the list of products it would increase tariffs on if ordered by President Trump:
+*Lane, Sylvan (May 13, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/443490-white-house-posts-list-of-300b-in-chinese-goods-to-be-targeted-by-tariffs White House posts list of $300B in Chinese goods to be targeted by tariffs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+*Rooney, Kate (May 13, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/13/us-trade-set-to-impose-tariffs-on-another-300b-of-chinese-imports.html US trade office gets ready to impose tariffs on another $300 billion of Chinese imports]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+*Lawder, David; Beech, Eric (May 13, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-hearing/cellphones-and-laptops-on-latest-ustr-china-tariff-list-drugs-excluded-idUSKCN1SJ2AZ Cellphones and laptops on latest USTR China tariff list, drugs excluded]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+*Talev, Margaret; Donnan, Shawn; Han, Miao (May 12, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-12/trump-s-china-trade-talks-shift-into-slower-gear-as-trust-eroded U.S. Readies New Tariffs as Trump Says He'll Meet China's Xi]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (May 14, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/47537353131545e18b2dbcc802291eae US targets $300B of Chinese goods for new tariff hikes]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
+Further actions:
+*DeBarros, Anthony; Zumbrun, Josh (June 16, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-china-tariffs-move-closer-with-public-hearings-this-week-11560677417 New China Tariffs Move Closer With Public Hearings This Week]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
+Statements by President Trump on this matter:
+*Chen, Yawen; Lawder, David (May 10, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/china-u-s-to-hold-more-trade-talks-as-trump-ratchets-up-tariff-threat-idUSKCN1SH00U China, U.S. to hold more trade talks as Trump ratchets up tariff threat]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-g20/trump-says-no-decision-yet-on-levying-tariffs-on-more-chinese-goods-idUSKCN1SJ209 Trump says no decision yet on levying tariffs on more Chinese goods]. ''Reuters''. May 13, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+*Moons, Michelle (May 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/13/donald-trump-leaves-325b-additional-china-tariffs-in-questiondonald-trump-leaves-325b-additional-china-tariffs-in-question/ Donald Trump Leaves $325B Additional China Tariffs in Question]. ''Politico''. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (May 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/may/13/trump-prepares-more-tariffs-china-retaliates/ 'I love the position we're in': Trump readies another round of tariffs after China retaliates]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved May 13, 2019.</ref> On June 29, 2019, President Trump put the planned tariffs on hold as the U.S. and China agreed to resume trade talks,<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (June 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/06/28/trump-and-xi-agree-to-resume-trade-talks/ Trump and Xi Agree to Resume Trade Talks]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*March, Mary Tyler (June 29, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/450989-us-china-agree-to-restart-trade-talks-after-trump-xi-meeting US, China agree to restart trade talks after Trump, Xi meeting]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (June 28, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-expresses-optimism-at-start-of-g-20-meeting-with-xi_2983070.html Trump Says Talks With China ‘Back on Track’ After G-20 Meeting With Xi]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Rampton, Roberta; Martina, Michael (June 28, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g20-summit-trade/trump-says-china-trade-talks-back-on-track-new-tariffs-on-hold-idUSKCN1TT373 Trump says China trade talks 'back on track,' new tariffs on hold]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Lemire, Jonathan; Miller, Zeke (June 29, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/e65bb15053cb437794a464a597ee565f Truce in US-China trade war as 2 rivals seek breakthrough]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (June 29, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/us-china-trade-talks-back-on-track-trump-says US-China trade talks 'back on track,' Trump says]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (June 29, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jun/29/donald-trump-us-china-to-resume-trade-talks-where-/ Trump: U.S., China to resume trade talks 'where we left off']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Rosenfeld, Everett (June 29, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/29/us-china-trade-war-trump-and-xi-meet-at-g-20-summit-in-osaka.html Trump says he agreed with Xi to hold off on new tariffs and to let Huawei buy US products]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Lynch, David J.; Paletta, Damian (June 28, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/trade-war-hangs-in-balance-as-trump-and-xi-finally-meet/2019/06/28/bb065eb2-9a02-11e9-830a-21b9b36b64ad_story.html U.S. and China agree to restart trade negotiations following meeting between Trump and Xi at Group of 20 summit]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+Agreement details, reaction, and analysis:
+*Kimball, Spencer (June 29, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/29/trump-says-there-will-be-no-reduction-in-the-tariffs-imposed-against-china.html Trump says ‘there will be no reduction in the tariffs’ currently imposed against China]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Zwirz, Elizabeth (June 29, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-china-meeting-xi Trump says meeting with China went ‘far better than expected’]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Chan, Kelvin (June 29, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/5611d33f259c41808bab230accf8b3fb Cease-fire in US-China trade war doesn’t bridge differences]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Kimball, Spencer (June 29, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/29/g20-summit-trump-and-xi-agree-to-talks-but-offer-no-clear-path-to-end-the-trade-war.html ‘It’s a temporary timeout’: Trump and Xi agree to negotiations, but offer no clear path to end US-China trade war]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (June 30, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-china-trade-talks-are-back-on-but-obstacles-remain-11561913477 U.S.-China Trade Talks Are Back on, but Obstacles Remain]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
+*Hao, Nicole (June 30, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/stark-differences-between-us-and-china-statements-on-trump-xi-meeting_2984275.html US, China Statements Show Stark Differences on Trump–Xi Meeting]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
+*Bredemeier, Ken (June 30, 2019). [https://www.voanews.com/usa/white-house-trade-agreement-china-not-close White House: Trade Agreement with China Not Close]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
+*Conklin, Audrey (July 1, 2019). [https://dailycaller.com/2019/07/01/trump-xi-tech-stocks-huawei/ Tech Stocks Surge After Trump Reaches Trade Deal With Xi, Huawei]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
+*Ellis, Curtis (July 7, 2019). [https://humanevents.com/2019/07/07/reindustrialization-what-the-new-u-s-china-trade-talks-mean/ Reindustrialization: What the New U.S.-China Trade Talks Mean.] ''Human Events''. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
+*Puzder, Andy (June 29, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/andy-puzder-trumps-china-trade-strategy-could-lead-to-historic-agreement-benefiting-both-nations Andy Puzder: Trump’s China trade strategy could lead to historic agreement benefiting both nations]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Limitone, Julia (July 1, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-china-xi-trade-war-michael-pillsbury Trump's 'brilliant stroke' with China's Xi a win for US, Michael Pillsbury says]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved July 1, 2019.
+China made a major soybean purchase from the U.S. shortly before the agreement:
+*Meyer, Gregory (June 28, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/24c3f30a-99b8-11e9-9573-ee5cbb98ed36 China buys US soybeans ahead of Trump-Xi meeting]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Plume, Karl (June 28, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-soybeans/usda-reports-large-us-soybean-sale-to-china-ahead-of-trump-xi-meeting-idUSKCN1TT2ET USDA reports large U.S. soybean sale to China ahead of Trump-Xi meeting]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+Later soybean purchase developments:
+*[https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/the-new-olive-branch-u-s-soy-being-shipped-to-china The New Olive Branch: U.S. soy being shipped to China]. ''Fox Business'' (from ''Reuters''). July 28, 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
+*Cadell, Cate; Gu, Hallie (July 28, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-soybeans/beijing-says-millions-of-tonnes-of-u-s-soy-shipped-to-china-in-trade-consensus-idUSKCN1UN0EB Beijing says China stepping up U.S. soy imports, yet to show up in U.S. data]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
+*Plume, Karl (July 29, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-agriculture/u-s-soybean-exports-to-china-rise-but-big-purchases-remain-elusive-idUSKCN1UO1ZL U.S. soybean exports to China rise, but big purchases remain elusive]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 29, 2019.
+*Weinraub, Mark; Plume, Karl (August 1, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-soybeans/u-s-confirms-small-soybean-sale-to-private-chinese-buyer-idUSKCN1UR4TM U.S. confirms small soybean sale to private Chinese buyer]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Plume, Karl (August 8, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-usda/u-s-confirms-light-soy-wheat-pork-sales-to-china-before-latest-tariff-threats-idUSKCN1UY2CL U.S. confirms light soy, wheat, pork sales to China before latest tariff threats]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
+*Polansek, Tom; Plume, Karl (August 15, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-pork/china-bought-u-s-pork-last-week-as-beijing-declared-halt-in-u-s-farm-purchases-idUSKCN1V523R China bought U.S. pork last week as Beijing declared halt in U.S. farm purchases]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
+*Plume, Karl; Polansek, Tom (August 22, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-exports/u-s-official-says-china-far-short-of-soybean-purchase-pledge-after-small-sale-idUSKCN1VC1S9 U.S. official says China far short of soybean purchase pledge after small sale]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
+President Trump also allowed U.S. companies to sell to Huawei as part of the agreement:
+*Akan, Emel (June 29, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-says-china-trade-talks-back-on-track-will-allow-us-companies-to-sell-to-huawei_2983488.html Trump Says China Trade Talks ‘Back on Track,’ Will Allow US Companies to Sell to Huawei]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Axelrod, Tal (June 29, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/technology/451001-trump-to-allow-us-companies-to-sell-products-to-huawei Trump to allow US companies to sell products to Huawei]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Davis, Bob; Mauldin, William; Wei, Lingling (June 29, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-says-he-is-set-to-discuss-huawei-with-xi-11561769726 Trump Allows U.S. Sales to Huawei as Trade Talks Resume]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Strumpf, Dan (June 29, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-throws-huawei-a-lifeline-but-it-hasnt-reached-safe-harbor-yet-11561810027 Trump Throws Huawei a Lifeline, but It Hasn’t Reached Safe Harbor Yet]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
+*Carney, John (July 1, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/07/01/pillsbury-trump-huawei/ Michael Pillsbury: Trump Has Not Reversed His Position on Huawei]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 1, 2019.</ref> though on August 1, 2019, he announced the U.S. would proceed with those tariffs and formally impose them the following month.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (August 1, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/08/01/trump-extends-tariffs-to-remaining-300-billion-of-chinese-goods/ Trump Extends Tariffs to Remaining $300 Billion of Chinese Goods]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Mauldin, William; Salama, Vivian (August 1, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-to-impose-additional-10-tariff-on-chinese-goods-11564681310 Trump Threatens New Chinese Tariffs, Rattling Investors Across Markets]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (August 1, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/aug/1/trump-announces-new-tariffs-china/ Trump banks on new China tariffs to reignite stalled trade talks]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (August 1, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-accuses-china-of-backtracking-on-trade-and-promises-to-add-tariffs-next-month Trump accuses China of backtracking on trade and promises to add tariffs next month]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Fabian, Jordan (August 1, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/455780-trump-says-us-will-hit-china-with-new-round-of-tariffs-next-month Trump says US will hit China with new round of tariffs next month]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Haynes, Danielle (August 1, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/08/01/Trump-US-to-levy-new-10-tariff-on-300B-of-Chinese-goods/7581564687444/ Trump: U.S. to levy new 10% tariff on $300B of Chinese goods]. ''UPI''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Conklin, Audrey (August 1, 2019). [https://dailycaller.com/2019/08/01/trump-china-increased-tariffs/ Trade War Development: Trump Ups The Ante On China]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Li, Yun (August 1, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/01/trump-says-us-will-impose-10percent-tariffs-on-300-billion-of-chinese-goods-starting-september-1.html Trump says US will impose 10% tariffs on another $300 billion of Chinese goods starting Sept. 1]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Freking, Kevin; Boak, Josh (August 1, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/431f4cf54078434f81d5af519ac82c44 Trump says he’ll put 10% tariffs on remaining China imports]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Shalal, Andrea; Alper, Alexandra (August 1, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/trump-hits-china-with-more-tariffs-says-xi-moving-too-slow-on-trade-idUSKCN1UR3SX Trump hits China with more tariffs, says Xi moving too slowly on trade]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Jackson, David (August 1, 2019). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/08/01/trump-hits-china-new-tariffs-us-china-trade-talks-stall/1890255001/ Trump hits China with new tariffs, but still wants trade deal]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
+See also:
+*He, Cathy (August 2, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-says-china-has-to-do-a-lot-of-things-to-get-trade-talks-back-on-track_3028059.html Trump Says China ‘Has to Do a Lot of Things’ to Get Trade Talks Back on Track]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Axelrod, Tal (August 3, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/456045-trump-defends-position-on-trade-after-threat-of-new-tariffs-on-china Trump defends position on trade after threat of new China tariffs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
+*[https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-things-are-going-very-well-with-china Trump on China 'They are paying us tens of billions']. ''Fox Business''. August 3, 2019. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-trade/trump-defends-stance-on-china-trade-after-new-tariffs-idUSKCN1UT0CK Trump defends stance on China trade after new tariffs]. ''Reuters''. August 3, 2019. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
+*Boyer, Dave; Garred, Maggie (August 6, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/aug/6/trump-says-us-has-advantage-in-escalating-trade-wa/ Trump says U.S. has advantage in escalating trade war with China]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
+*Watts, Jake Maxwell (August 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/pompeo-brands-beijing-an-economic-bully-as-trump-moves-on-more-tariffs-11564733560 Pompeo Brands Beijing an Economic Bully as Trump Moves on More Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Lee, Matthew (August 1, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/929d500e60bc47a5a58f6a73abcf5575 Pompeo takes aim at China after Trump tariff hit]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Gehrke, Joel (August 2, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/pompeo-tells-southeast-asia-imperial-china-can-only-be-countered-with-us-trade Pompeo tells Southeast Asia ‘imperial’ China can only be countered with US trade]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Tanakasempipat, Patpicha (August 1, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-usa-pompeo/pompeo-jabs-at-chinas-bad-behavior-defends-u-s-tariffs-idUSKCN1US06W Pompeo jabs at China's 'bad behavior', defends U.S. tariffs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Cherney, Mike (August 4, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/pompeo-steps-up-china-criticism-we-were-asleep-at-the-switch-11564916028 Pompeo Steps Up China Criticism: ‘We Were Asleep at the Switch’]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
+*De Lea, Brittany (August 1, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/trump-we-will-be-taxing-the-hell-out-of-china-until-a-deal-is-reached Trump: 'We will be taxing the hell out of China' until a trade deal is reached]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
+*Henderson, Ian (August 2, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/donald-trump-and-the-art-of-no-deal-with-china_3027069.html Donald Trump and The Art of No Deal With China]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Kubota, Yoko; Deng, Chao (August 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-faces-limited-options-for-retaliating-against-latest-u-s-threat-11564750795 China Faces Limited Options for Retaliating Against Latest U.S. Threat]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Puzder, Andy (August 3, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/andy-puzder-trump-tariffs-on-china-are-needed-he-knows-surrender-isnt-a-winning-negotiating-strategy Andy Puzder: Trump tariffs on China are needed – he knows surrender isn’t a winning negotiating strategy]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
+*Spalding, Robert (August 3, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/456039-bring-back-america-democracy-and-freedom-make-china-tariffs-permanent Bring back America, democracy and freedom — Make China tariffs permanent]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
+*Deng, Chao; Wong, Chun Han (August 6, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-braces-itself-for-protracted-trade-dispute-with-the-u-s-11565091208 China Digs In to Outlast U.S. in Trade Dispute]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
+*Carney, John (August 7, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/08/07/chinas-new-strategy-outlast-donald-trump/ China’s New Strategy: Outlast Donald Trump]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (August 7, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-reaching-limit-on-china-tariffs-but-has-other-tools Trump reaching limit on China tariffs — but has other tools]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
+*Elis, Niv; Lane, Sylvan (August 30, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/459487-five-things-to-know-about-trumps-labor-day-weekend-tariffs Five things to know about Trump's Labor Day weekend tariffs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-cbp/u-s-says-no-grace-period-for-chinese-imports-facing-tariffs-on-sept-1-idUSKCN1VK2JG U.S. says no grace period for Chinese imports facing tariffs on Sept. 1]. ''Reuters''. August 30, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; D'Innocenzio, Anne (August 31, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/758dbf03f541481db7982cfa8de43064 ‘They’re on,’ Trump says of tariffs set to kick in on Sunday]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (August 31, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-china-tariffs-headed-for-rates-comparable-to-smoot-hawley-levies-that-worsened-great-depression Trump China tariffs headed for rates comparable to Smoot-Hawley levies that worsened Great Depression]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (September 2, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-justifies-new-tariffs-saying-china-actually-pays-for-all_3065538.html Trump Justifies New Tariffs, Saying China Actually Pays for All]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
+*Shilling, A. Gary (August 12, 2019). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/investor/2019/08/12/why-us-will-win-china-trade-war/#2ebb16aa4139 Why The U.S. Will Win The China Trade War]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved September 4, 2019.
+The tariffs went into effect on September 1, 2019:
+*Mauldin, William; Deng, Chao (September 1, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-goes-ahead-with-new-tariffs-on-chinese-products-11567337797 Trump Administration Goes Ahead With New Tariffs on Chinese Products]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
+*Budryk, Zack (September 1, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/459553-new-tariffs-go-into-effect-in-us-china-trade-war New tariffs go into effect in US-China trade war]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
+*Blanchard, Ben; Holland, Steve (August 31, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/china-u-s-kick-off-new-round-of-tariffs-in-trade-war-idUSKCN1VM0V9 China, U.S. kick off new round of tariffs in trade war]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
+*Re, Gregg (September 1, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/steep-new-us-china-tariffs-go-into-effect-as-companies-warn-of-higher-consumer-prices Steep new US, China tariffs go into effect, as companies warn of higher consumer prices]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
+*Leonard, Jenny; Niquette, Mark (September 1, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-01/u-s-tariffs-against-china-due-to-take-effect-sunday Trump Heaps More Tariffs on China, Still No Deal in Sight]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/01/trumps-15percent-tariffs-on-112-billion-in-chinese-goods-take-effect.html Trump’s 15% tariffs on $112 billion in Chinese goods take effect]. ''CNBC'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved September 1, 2019.
+*Henney, Megan (August 31, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/trumps-tariffs-on-112-billion-of-chinese-goods-to-go-into-effect-at-midnight Trump's tariffs on $112 billion of Chinese goods begin]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
+*Li, Yun (September 1, 2019). [https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/trump-s-tariffs-112-billion-chinese-imports-kick-n1048671 Trump's tariffs on $112 billion of Chinese imports kick in]. ''NBC News'' (from ''CNBC''). Retrieved September 1, 2019.</ref> On August 13, 2019, President Trump partially pulled back on the previous tariff announcement, delaying some of the planned tariffs and canceling some others.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Zumbrun, Josh; Salama, Vivian; Leary, Alex (August 13, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-will-delay-some-tariffs-against-china-11565704420 U.S. Retreats on Chinese Tariff Threats, Stocks Soar]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*Boyer, Dave; Howell, Tom (August 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/aug/13/donald-trump-delays-china-tariffs-december-markets/ Trump's delay of tariffs on China eases Christmas worries, sends markets higher]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*Fitzgerald, Maggie (August 13, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/13/ustr-removes-some-items-from-list-of-new-china-tariffs-citing-health-safety-national-security.html US delays China tariffs for some items including cellphones, removing other products from list]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*Quinn, Melissa (August 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-administration-delays-tariffs-on-chinese-phones-laptops-game-consoles-and-toys-until-mid-december Trump delays new tariffs on Chinese phones, toys until mid-December]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan (August 13, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/457224-trump-to-delay-tariffs-on-key-chinese-goods Trump delays tariffs on key Chinese goods]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Rugaber, Christopher (August 13, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/7f5e9de173484e5dacc8a32ef888ea9e Trump delays tariffs on some Chinese goods until December]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*Shepardson, David; Lawder, David (August 13, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tariffs/u-s-to-delay-china-tariffs-on-some-products-including-laptops-cell-phones-idUSKCN1V31CX Trump delays tariffs on Chinese cellphones, laptops, toys; markets jump]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*[https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/08/13/trump-administration-delays-tariffs-on-some-chinese-goods-drops-others/ Trump Administration Delays Tariffs on Some Chinese Goods, Drops Others]. ''Breitbart News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-to-delay-china-tariffs-on-some-products-including-laptops-cell-phones_3040116.html US to Delay China Tariffs on Some Products, Including Laptops, Cell Phones]. ''The Epoch Times''. (from ''Reuters''). August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+Subsequent announcements:
+*Lawder, David; Shepardson, David (August 16, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-removes-some-chinese-furniture-modems-from-planned-10-tariffs-idUSKCN1V6242 U.S. removes some Chinese furniture, modems from planned 10% tariffs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
+See also:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-christmas/trump-says-christmas-shopping-was-factor-in-tariff-decision-idUSKCN1V31M9 Trump says Christmas shopping was factor in tariff decision]. ''Reuters''. August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (August 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-says-he-delayed-china-tariffs-to-protect-christmas-shoppers Trump says he delayed China tariffs to protect Christmas shoppers]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*Brown, Courtenay (August 13, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/china-tariff-delay-trade-war-018a9695-26ad-475f-aaf8-dc0b8e71979a.html Scoop: How the U.S. decided which China tariffs will be delayed]. ''Axios''. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan (August 13, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/457316-trump-blinks-as-trade-war-threatens-consumers Trump blinks as trade war threatens consumers]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*He, Cathy (August 14, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/no-reasons-to-inflict-harm-on-ourselves-navarro-says-of-decision-to-delay-tariffs-on-some-chinese-goods_3041802.html ‘No Reasons to Inflict Harm on Ourselves,’ Says Navarro of Decision to Delay Tariffs on Some Chinese Goods]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
+*Bufkin, Ellie (August 14, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-administration-bibles-printed-in-china-will-be-exempt-from-tariff-hikes Trump administration: Bibles printed in China will be exempt from tariff hikes]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
+*Parke, Caleb (August 16, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-bible-china-trade-war ‘Bible tax’ no more: Trump exempts religious items from China tariff list]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
+*Furr, Amy (August 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/08/17/trump-removes-bibles-from-list-of-chinese-tariff-items/ Trump Removes Bibles from List of Chinese Tariff Items]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
+*Pietsch, Bryan (August 14, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-bibles/trump-spares-bibles-but-not-rosaries-from-chinese-tariff-lists-idUSKCN1V42DS Trump spares bibles but not rosaries from Chinese tariff lists]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
+*Freiburger, Calvin (August 29, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trump-administration-exempts-bibles-from-chinese-tariffs Trump administration exempts Bibles from Chinese tariffs]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
+*Kubota, Yoko (August 14, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-retreat-on-new-tariffs-gives-beijing-breathing-room-on-trade-talks-11565782927 U.S. Retreat on New Tariffs Gives Beijing Breathing Room on Trade Talks]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
+*Lawder, David; Heavey, Susan (August 14, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/trump-officials-see-no-chinese-concessions-for-tariff-delays-amid-market-rout-idUSKCN1V419S Trump officials see no Chinese concessions for tariff delays amid market rout]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
+*Spiering, Charlie (August 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/08/15/donald-trump-rips-wall-street-journal-they-understand-nothing-about-trade-or-business/ Donald Trump Rips Wall Street Journal: ‘They Understand Nothing About Trade or Business’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
+*DeBarros, Anthony; Zumbrun, Josh (August 16, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/despite-reprieve-new-tariffs-will-hit-wide-range-of-consumer-goods-11565960400 Despite Reprieve, New Tariffs Will Hit Wide Range of Consumer Goods]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (August 21, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/white-house-granting-more-exclusions-to-steel-and-aluminum-tariffs-than-china-ones White House granting more exclusions to steel and aluminum tariffs than China ones]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Peek, Liz (August 14, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/457322-trump-winning-trade-war-with-china-even-as-white-house-blinks Trump winning trade war with China even as White House blinks]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 14, 2019.</ref> On August 23, 2019, President Trump told American businesses to move operations out of China and to search out and refuse any fentanyl shipments to the U.S.,<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (August 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/08/23/trump-orders-u-s-companies-to-look-for-alternatives-to-china/ Trump Orders U.S. Companies to Look for Alternatives to China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Pappas, Alex (August 23, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trade-war-explodes-as-trump-clashes-with-us-firms-over-order-to-abandon-china-block-fentanyl-shipments Trade war explodes as Trump clashes with US firms over ‘order’ to abandon China, block fentanyl shipments]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Boyer, Dave; Howell, Tom (August 23, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/aug/23/china-retaliates-against-us-new-tariffs-cars-soybe/ A fuming President Trump 'orders' U.S. companies to move out of China]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-orders-us-firms-out-of-china-after-beijing-sets-new-tariffs_3053797.html Trump Orders US Firms Out of China After Beijing Sets New Tariffs]. ''The Epoch Times'' (from ''Reuters''). August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (August 23, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-says-u-s-businesses-are-ordered-to-find-alternatives-to-china-trade Trump says US businesses are 'ordered' to find alternatives to China trade]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Chalfant, Morgan (August 23, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/458554-trump-vows-to-respond-to-latest-tariffs-calls-for-us-companies-to Trump demands US companies 'start looking for an alternative to China']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Shepardson, David; Shalal, Andrea (August 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-trump-companies/trump-presses-u-s-companies-to-close-china-operations-idUSKCN1VD1RN Trump presses U.S. companies to close China operations]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Mauldin, William; Leary, Alex; Deng, Chao (August 23, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-orders-u-s-businesses-to-find-alternative-to-china-11566585967 Trump Lashes Out at China, Sending Markets Falling]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe; Wiseman, Paul; Colvin, Jill (August 23, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/84c8781157484f8ebb4c3f462f38e30d Trump vows response to China tariffs on $75B of US goods]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Pound, Jesse; Wu, Jasmine (August 23, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/23/trump-calls-on-ups-fedex-amazon-to-refuse-deliveries-of-fentanyl-from-china.html Trump calls on UPS, FedEx and Amazon to ‘search for & refuse’ fentanyl deliveries from China]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+See also:
+*Gee, Kelsey; Campo-Flores, Arian (August 23, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/despite-new-safeguards-fentanyl-trafficking-is-still-a-problem-11566597494 Despite New Safeguards, Fentanyl Trafficking Is Still a Problem]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Chalfant, Morgan; Samuels, Brett (August 24, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/458628-trump-spurs-new-wave-of-economic-angst-by-escalating-china-fight Trump spurs new wave of economic angst by escalating China fight]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*March, Mary Tyler (August 24, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/458652-trump-takes-aim-at-media-after-hereby-ordering-us-businesses-out-of Trump takes aim at media after 'hereby' ordering US businesses out of China]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Hanchett, Ian (August 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2019/08/23/trump-i-have-the-absolute-right-to-order-companies-not-to-do-business-with-china/ Trump: ‘I Have the Absolute Right’ to Order Companies Not to Do Business with China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Miller, Zeke (August 25, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/be18b8619cde4658a418dda4f416968a Powerful, obscure law is basis for Trump ‘order’ on trade]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
+*Miller, Zeke (August 25, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/aug/25/international-emergency-economic-powers-act-fuels-/ Trump wields powerful, obscure federal law in China trade 'order']. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved August 25, 2019.
+*Baker, Peter; Bradsher, Keith (August 24, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/24/world/europe/trump-g7-summit.html Trump Asserts He Can Force U.S. Companies to Leave China]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/24/trump-can-use-these-powers-to-pressure-us-companies-to-quit-china.html Trump can use these powers to pressure US companies to leave China]. ''CNBC'' (from ''Reuters''). August 24, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Donati, Jessica (August 25, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-aides-say-he-isnt-ordering-u-s-companies-out-of-china-11566762657 Trump Aides Say He Isn’t Ordering U.S. Companies Out of China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (August 26, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/33229-trump-s-order-backed-by-power-congress-gave-up-to-the-executive-branch-in-1977 Trump’s “Order” Backed by Power Congress Gave Up to the Executive Branch in 1977]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
+*Reed, J.R. (September 1, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/01/trump-ordered-us-firms-to-ditch-china-but-many-already-have.html President Trump ordered US firms to ditch China, but many already have and more are on the way]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved September 1, 2019.</ref> and, in retaliation for newly-imposed Chinse tariffs, he announced that the existing 25% tariffs would be raised to 30% on October 1, 2019, and that the pending 10% tariffs would be raised to 15%.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Spiering, Charlie (August 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/08/23/donald-trump-strikes-back-at-china-with-higher-tariffs/ Donald Trump Strikes Back at China with Higher Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Zumbrun, Josh; Deng, Chao (August 23, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-to-impose-tariffs-on-more-u-s-products-11566562931 Latest Round in Trade War Set to Hit U.S. Vehicles, Agriculture]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Wulfsohn, Joseph A. (August 23, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-announces-raised-tariffs-on-china-to-take-effect-in-september-october Trump announces increased tariffs on China in latest trade war salvo]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Fu, Eva (August 23, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-hits-back-at-china-with-more-tariffs-following-chinas-retaliation_3054056.html Trump Hits Back at China With More Tariffs Following China’s Retaliation]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Gage, John (August 23, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-announces-additional-increase-in-tariffs-on-china Trump announces additional increase in tariffs on China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Samuels, Brett; Lane, Sylvan (August 23, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/458612-trump-announces-increased-tariffs-on-chinese-goods Trump announces increased tariffs on Chinese goods]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Lawder, David; Lee, Se Young (August 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/trump-heaps-another-5-tariff-on-chinese-goods-in-latest-tit-for-tat-escalation-idUSKCN1VD21E Trump heaps another 5% tariff on Chinese goods in latest tit-for-tat escalation]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Colvin, Jill; McDonald, Joe (August 24, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/eb7990e10d6549c3a92d773b0ae62a4e Trump raises tariffs on Chinese goods as trade war escalates]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Pramuk, Jacob (August 24, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/23/trump-will-raise-tariff-rates-on-chinese-goods-in-response-to-trade-war-retaliation.html Trump will raise tariff rates on Chinese goods in response to trade war retaliation]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+See also:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ustr/ustr-to-accept-public-comment-period-before-raising-tariffs-on-250-billion-in-chinese-imports-idUSKCN1VD2HY USTR to accept public comment period before raising tariffs on $250 billion in Chinese imports]. ''Reuters''. August 23, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
+*Kazianis, Harry J. (August 24, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/harry-kazianis-trump-is-right-to-confront-china-reversing-obamas-policy-of-weakness-and-appeasement Harry Kazianis: Trump is right to confront China, reversing Obama’s policy of weakness and appeasement]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Puzder, Andy (August 25, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/andy-puzder-trumps-pressure-china-working-americans-back-countertariffs Andy Puzder: Trump's pressure on China is working. Americans should back him on counter-tariffs]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
+*Kan, Janita (August 24, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/republicans-applaud-trump-as-business-groups-express-concern-following-latest-round-of-china-tariffs_3054464.html Republicans Applaud Trump as Business Groups Express Concern Following Latest Round of China Tariffs]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Kraychik, Robert (August 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/08/24/steven-mosher-china-loses-money-on-everything-but-exports-trumps-tariffs-will-break-them/ Steven Mosher: China Loses Money on Everything But Exports, Trump’s Tariffs Will Break Them]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Kraychik, Robert (August 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/08/24/gordon-chang-trumps-tariffs-are-pushing-major-u-s-companies-out-of-china/ Gordon Chang: Trump’s Tariffs Are ‘Pushing’ Major U.S. Companies ‘Out of China’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
+*Salama, Vivian (August 30, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-says-companies-not-trade-policies-to-blame-for-business-setbacks-11567179620 Trump Says Companies, Not Trade Policies, to Blame for Business Setbacks]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
+*Lavorgna, Joseph (September 20, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/462387-dont-blame-tariffs-for-dimming-us-growth-prospects Don't blame tariffs for dimming US growth prospects]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
+*Xiaonong, Cheng (September 21, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/what-can-we-see-from-the-sudden-escalation-of-the-sino-us-trade-war_3090339.html What Can We See From the Sudden Escalation of the Sino-US Trade War?] ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved September 21, 2019.</ref> On September 11, 2019, President Trump announced that he would postpone tariffs on China by two weeks, from October 1 to October 15.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Spiering, Charlie (September 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/09/12/ready-to-deal-donald-trump-postpones-china-tariffs-for-15-days/ Ready to Deal: Donald Trump Postpones China Tariffs for 15 Days]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*Lucey, Catherine; Mauldin, William (September 11, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-to-delay-tariffs-on-china-by-two-weeks-11568244944 Trump to Delay Tariffs on China by Two Weeks]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*Leon, Melissa (September 11, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-delays-tariff-increase-250-billion-in-chinese-goods-gesture-of-good-will Trump delays tariff increase on $250B in Chinese goods for two weeks to Oct. 15]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*Fang, Frank (September 11, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-postpones-tariffs-hike-as-goodwill-gesture-after-request-from-chinas-vice-premier_3078859.html Trump Postpones Tariff Hike in Goodwill Gesture After Request From China’s Vice Premier]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*Chalfant, Morgan (September 11, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/461016-trump-delays-new-tariffs-on-china-to-oct-15 Trump delays increase in China tariffs until Oct. 15]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*Uria, Daniel (September 11, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/09/11/Trump-pledges-to-postpone-5-percent-hike-on-Chinese-tariffs/7661568245391/ Trump pledges to postpone 5 percent hike on Chinese tariffs]. ''UPI''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*[https://www.apnews.com/402432900d664584906126818d0257c9 Trump agrees to 2-week delay in China tariff increase]. ''Associated Press''. September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*Mason, Jeff; Chen, Yawen (September 11, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-china-grant-trade-concessions-ahead-of-fresh-talks-idUSKCN1VW0IP U.S., China grant trade concessions as fresh talks loom]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-delay/trump-u-s-agrees-to-delay-tariff-hike-on-some-chinese-goods-by-two-weeks-idUSKCN1VW2X7 Trump: U.S. agrees to delay tariff hike on some Chinese goods by two weeks]. ''Reuters''. September 11, 2019. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*Palmer, Doug (September 11, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/11/trump-china-tariff-increase-delay-042991 Trump announces delay on next China tariff hike until Oct. 15]. ''Politico''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+See also:
+*Adelmann, Bob (September 12, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/33390-tariff-wars-are-following-standard-negotiating-strategies Tariff Wars Are Following Standard Negotiating Strategies]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe; Wiseman, Paul (September 12, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/6b92b19846c04a9ebdeb659e268cd000 US, China exchange goodwill gesture ahead of trade talks]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*Deng, Chao (September 13, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-to-exclude-u-s-soybeans-and-pork-from-additional-tariffs-11568370755 China to Exclude U.S. Soybeans and Pork From Additional Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (September 13, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/b31b6c9954cb4db9af63ee115923fed4 China to lift punitive tariffs on US soybeans, pork]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
+*Bowden, John (September 13, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/461247-china-exempts-us-soybeans-pork-from-tariff-hikes China exempts US soybeans, pork from tariff hikes]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (September 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/china-excludes-us-soybeans-and-pork-from-tariffs China excludes US soybeans and pork from tariffs]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (September 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/sep/13/china-exempts-some-us-farm-goods-tariffs/ China exempts some U.S. farm goods from tariffs]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
+The U.S. also exempted a large number of products from the tariffs:
+*Brokaw, Sommer (September 19, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2019/09/19/Trump-administration-exempts-hundreds-of-Chinese-products-from-tariffs/2341568918781/?rc_fifo=2 Trump administration exempts hundreds of Chinese products from tariffs]. ''UPI''. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
+*Palmer, Doug (September 19, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/19/hundreds-of-chinese-goods-exempted-from-trumps-tariffs-1753322 Hundreds of Chinese goods exempted from Trump's tariffs]. ''Politico''. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
+*Cheng, Evelyn (September 20, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/20/china-us-trade-war-400-chinese-products-to-be-exempted-from-tariffs.html Trump grants tariff exemptions to plastic straws, dog leashes and more from China]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan (September 20, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/462339-white-house-exempts-dozens-of-chinese-goods-from-tariffs White House exempts dozens of Chinese goods from tariffs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
+*Nellis, Stephen (September 20, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-apple/u-s-trade-regulators-approve-some-apple-tariff-exemptions-amid-broader-reprieve-idUSKBN1W52J2 U.S. trade regulators approve some Apple tariff exemptions amid broader reprieve]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
+*Byrnes, Jesse (September 21, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/technology/462439-apple-secures-some-tariff-exemptions-from-us-trade-officials Apple secures some tariff exemptions from US trade officials]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
+*Zumbrun, Josh; DeBarros, Anthony (September 20, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-grants-apple-10-exemptions-from-tariffs-on-chinese-imports-11569018993 U.S. Grants Apple 10 Exemptions from Tariffs on Chinese Imports]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
+*Quinn, Melissa (September 20, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/plastic-straws-and-christmas-tree-lights-among-400-items-trump-administration-spares-from-tariffs Plastic straws and Christmas tree lights among 400 items Trump administration spares from tariffs]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
+China made some agricultural purchases from the U.S.:
+*Higgins, Sean (September 12, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trade-talk-thaw-chinese-companies-renew-soybean-purchases Trade talk thaw: Chinese companies renew soybean purchases]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
+*Rodrigo, Chris Mills (September 23, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/462626-china-buys-10-boatloads-of-us-soybeans-following-mid-level-trade-talks China buys 10 boatloads of US soybeans after mid-level trade talks]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
+*Plume, Karl (September 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-soybeans/china-buys-about-10-cargoes-of-u-s-soybeans-after-trade-talks-idUSKBN1W81TV China buys about 10 cargoes of U.S. soybeans after trade talks]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
+*Gu, Hallie (September 24, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-soybeans/china-gives-waivers-to-importers-to-buy-u-s-soy-exempt-from-tariffs-sources-idUSKBN1W90H8 China gives waivers to importers to buy U.S. soy exempt from tariffs: sources]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
+*[https://www.apnews.com/0dd4c267dc744d32a87eb894ac392b6b Spokesman: China buying US soybeans, pork]. ''Associated Press''. September 26, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
+*Rodrigo, Chris Mills (September 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/463144-china-importers-to-buy-us-soybeans-pork-ahead-of-trade-talks China: Importers to buy US soybeans, pork ahead of trade talks]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
+*Polansek, Tom (October 3, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-hogs/yes-whey-u-s-touts-dairy-product-to-chinese-hog-farmers-fighting-swine-fever-idUSKBN1WI14Z Yes whey! U.S. touts dairy product to Chinese hog farmers fighting swine fever]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
+*Bunge, Jacob; Maltais, Kirk (October 7, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-markets-farm-goods-to-nations-beyond-china-11570489468 U.S. Markets Farm Goods to Nations Beyond China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 7, 2019.
+*Plume, Karl (October 10, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-grains-usda-sale/china-buys-more-u-s-soybeans-record-volume-of-pork-ahead-of-trade-talks-idUSKBN1WP2H3 China buys more U.S. soybeans, record volume of pork ahead of trade talks]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
+*Gu, Hallie; Plume, Karl (November 13, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-soybeans/chinese-importers-buy-u-s-soybean-cargoes-despite-ports-congestion-idUSKBN1XN16T Chinese importers buy U.S. soybean cargoes despite ports congestion]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
+*Patton, Dominique; Lawder, David; Polansek, Tom (November 14, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-trade-poultry/china-ends-ban-on-u-s-poultry-imports-as-pig-disease-crisis-causes-meat-shortage-idUSKBN1XO191 China ends ban on U.S. poultry imports as pig disease crisis causes meat shortage]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ustr/china-move-to-end-u-s-poultry-ban-will-boost-u-s-exports-by-1-billion-annually-ustr-usda-idUSKBN1XO25D China move to end U.S. poultry ban will boost U.S. exports by $1 billion annually: USTR, USDA]. ''Reuters''. November 14, 2019. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (November 14, 2019). [https://apnews.com/258f7bdafc064734acac0b2a79a7713a US chickens headed to China after Beijing lifts 5-year ban]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
+*Weinraub, Mark (November 15, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-agriculture/china-buys-u-s-soybeans-pork-amid-uncertainty-about-trade-war-settlement-idUSKBN1XP2AF China buys U.S. soybeans, pork amid uncertainty about trade war settlement]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 15, 2019.</ref> On October 11, 2019, President Trump announced a partial trade agreement with China and suspended the planned tariff increase.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Spiering, Charlie (October 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/10/11/donald-trump-announces-future-substantial-phase-one-deal-china/ Donald Trump Announces Future ‘Substantial Phase One Deal’ with China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Mauldin, William; Deng, Chao; Salama, Vivian (October 12, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-strikes-upbeat-notes-on-trade-talks-11570804097 U.S. and China Move Forward on Trade]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (October 11, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/11/trump-us-china-reach-substantial-phase-one-deal/ Trump: U.S., China reach 'substantial phase one deal']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (October 11, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-china-reach-a-partial-trade-deal-easing-tensions_3113875.html US, China Reach a Partial Trade Deal, Easing Tensions]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Conklin, Audrey (October 11, 2019). [https://dailycaller.com/2019/10/11/trump-china-trade-deal-2/ ‘I Suggest Farmers … Immediately Buy More Land’: Trump, China Reach ‘Phase One’ Of Tentative Trade Agreement]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*[https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/us-china-reach-partial-trade-deal-reports US-China reach trade war 'pause']. ''Fox Business''. October 11, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (October 11, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/us-and-china-reach-phase-one-trade-deal-staving-off-more-tariffs-for-now US and China reach 'phase one' trade deal, staving off more tariffs for now]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Elis, Niv; Samuels, Brett; Chalfant, Morgan (October 11, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/465456-trump-announces-limited-trade-deal-with-china Trump announces limited trade deal with China]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Mason, Jeff; Lawder, David (October 11, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-outlines-phase-1-trade-deal-with-china-suspends-october-tariff-hike-idUSKBN1WQ10X U.S. outlines 'Phase 1' trade deal with China, suspends October tariff hike]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Freking, Kevin (October 11, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/4a44be7320e84df2b2a1b11f8c36b0ec US-China issues of dispute remain vast despite trade truce]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Leonard, Jenny; Mohsin, Saleha; Wingrove, Josh; Donnan, Shawn (October 11, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-11/u-s-china-said-to-reach-partial-deal-could-set-up-trade-truce-k1melw60 Trump Touts U.S.-China Phase One Trade Deal, Delays Tariffs]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
+*Palmer, Doug; Behsudi, Adam; Cassella, Megan (October 11, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/11/trump-china-partial-trade-deal-announcement-044617 Trump delays tariff increase for China, citing 'substantial phase 1 deal']. ''Politico''. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana (October 11, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/11/business/economy/us-china-trade-deal.html Trump Reaches ‘Phase 1’ Deal With China and Delays Planned Tariffs]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (October 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/13/trump-announces-proposed-trade-pact-with-china/ Trump announces proposed trade pact with China]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
+See also:
+*Elis, Niv (October 11, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/465467-stocks-pare-gains-after-us-announces-limited-trade-deal-with-china Stocks pare gains after US announces limited trade deal with China]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Carney, John (October 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/10/11/partial-deal-rallies-stocks/ Stocks Jump Higher on Report of a Partial China Trade Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Quinn, Melissa (October 11, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/stocks-jump-as-trump-announces-partial-trade-pact-with-china Stocks jump as Trump announces partial trade pact with China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Polansek, Tom; Plume, Karl (October 11, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-agriculture/u-s-farmers-cheered-by-apparent-trade-truce-hope-shipments-to-follow-idUSKBN1WQ2SJ U.S. farmers cheered by apparent trade truce, hope shipments to follow]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (October 12, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/5b72c5652a924cf2bf8fb64d2138ed85 Companies welcome US-China trade truce, warn disputes remain]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
+*Deng, Chao; Wei, Lingling (October 12, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-emerges-with-wins-from-u-s-trade-truce-11570912439 China Emerges With Wins From U.S. Trade Truce]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
+*Cronin, Patrick M. (October 11, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/465546-us-china-trade-deal-what-it-is-is-not-and-may-become US-China trade deal: What it is, is not, and may become]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
+*Veiga, Alex; Choe, Stan (October 12, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/e4d9eb558ed84a6686da01f534a1f53a Stocks rise on trade progress, S&P 500 notches weekly gain]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 12, 2019.
+*Donnan, Shawn (October 11, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-11/trump-s-china-deal-yields-plenty-of-questions-and-critics Trump’s China Deal Yields Plenty of Questions, and Critics]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
+*Nao, Nicole (October 13, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/chinese-media-limits-coverage-omits-key-details-of-announced-us-china-trade-deal_3115320.html Chinese Media Limits Coverage, Omits Key Details of Announced US–China Trade Deal]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (October 13, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-china-trade-deal-boosts-optimism-for-farmers-banks-and-markets_3115120.html US–China Trade Deal Boosts Optimism for Farmers, Banks, and Markets]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
+*Mitchell, Tom (October 12, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/6a30ed00-ecd1-11e9-ad1e-4367d8281195 China makes few concessions in trade truce with US]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved October 13, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (October 14, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/mnuchin-says-details-on-china-trade-deal-still-need-working-out Mnuchin says details on China trade deal still need working out]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-mnuchin/u-s-treasury-secretary-mnuchin-sees-tariffs-being-imposed-dec-15-if-no-china-trade-deal-idUSKBN1WT1LW U.S. Treasury Secretary Mnuchin sees tariffs being imposed Dec. 15 if no China trade deal]. ''Reuters''. October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-treasury-secretary-mnuchin-sees-tariffs-being-imposed-dec-15-if-no-china-trade-deal_3115799.html US Treasury Secretary Mnuchin Sees Tariffs Being Imposed Dec. 15 If No China Trade Deal]. ''The Epoch Times'' (from ''Reuters''). October 14, 2019. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Patton, Dominique (October 14, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-agriculture/trumps-hailing-of-50-billion-in-chinese-farm-purchases-seen-as-meaningless-idUSKBN1WT0TG Trump's hailing of $50 billion in Chinese farm purchases seen as 'meaningless']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan; Elis, Niv (October 14, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/465770-trump-hypes-china-trade-deal-as-new-doubts-emerge Trump hypes China trade deal as new doubts emerge]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Kolpack, Dave; Pitt, David (October 14, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/c2b8338d087a4d4898d8ac0c12992971 ‘Nothing-burger’: US-China truce leaves big issues for later]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (October 15, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/december-tariffs-loom-as-sticking-point-in-completion-of-phase-one-deal-with-china December tariffs loom as sticking point in completion of 'phase one' deal with China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
+*McDonald, Joe (October 15, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/507dac16b3db4c4abaf0560b078a5808 China tempers hopes about US tariff truce]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-agriculture/china-says-it-already-bought-700000-tonnes-of-u-s-pork-data-shows-smaller-sales-idUSKBN1WU0YT China says it already bought 700,000 tonnes of U.S. pork, data shows smaller sales]. ''Reuters''. October 15, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
+*Deng, Chao; Wei, Lingling (October 16, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/doubts-persist-over-chinas-commitment-to-u-s-farm-purchases-11571218201 Uncertainty Clouds China’s Commitment to U.S. Farm Purchases]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
+*Peek, Liz (October 16, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/465928-5-big-wins-in-us-china-trade-pact 5 big wins in US-China trade pact]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (October 16, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/farmers-welcome-china-deal-expected-to-boost-us-farm-exports-by-billions_3118761.html Farmers Welcome China Deal Expected to Boost US Farm Exports by Tens of Billions]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
+*Hormats, Robert D. (October 16, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/465961-broad-unresolved-issues-complicate-us-sino-trade-talks Broad, unresolved issues complicate US-Sino trade talks]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-kudlow/white-house-adviser-says-china-agricultural-purchases-will-depend-partly-on-markets-idUSKBN1WW1XS White House adviser says China agricultural purchases will depend partly on markets]. ''Reuters''. October 17, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2019.
+*Ip, Greg (October 16, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/despite-trade-truce-u-s-china-cold-war-edges-closer-11571227090 Despite Trade Truce, U.S.-China Cold War Edges Closer]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 19, 2019.
+*Whiton, Christian (October 21, 2019). [https://nationalinterest.org/feature/us-china-trade-war-wont-end-anytime-soon-89956 The U.S.-China Trade War Won't End Anytime Soon]. ''The National Interest''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (October 23, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/crushed-by-trade-war-farmers-see-silver-lining-with-new-china-truce_3125695.html Crushed by Trade War, Farmers See Silver Lining With New China Truce]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 23, 2019.
+*Crilly, Rob (October 24, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house-claims-victory-as-china-gives-ground-on-intellectual-property White House claims victory as China gives ground on intellectual property]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
+*Nelson, Steven (October 24, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/white-house/trumps-reputation-for-deal-making-on-the-line-as-he-touts-phase-one-with-china Trump’s reputation for deal-making on the line as he touts ‘phase one’ with China]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 25, 2019.
+*Carney, John (December 3, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/12/03/wilbur-ross-what-china-got-wrong/ Wilbur Ross Explains What China and American Media Got Wrong About Trump and Trade]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*[https://apnews.com/cfcc8aa3911832ad9da40cf7aa500c84 China waiving tariff hikes on US soybeans, pork]. ''Associated Press''. December 6, 2019. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
+*Patton, Dominique; Chen, Yawen (December 6, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tariffs/china-to-waive-tariffs-on-some-u-s-soybeans-pork-in-goodwill-gesture-idUSKBN1YA0FW China to waive tariffs on some U.S. soybeans, pork in goodwill gesture]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
+*Johnson, Marty (December 6, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/economy/473342-china-to-waive-import-tariffs-on-us-soybeans-pork China to waive import tariffs on US soybeans, pork]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
+*Plume, Karl (December 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-soybeans/china-buys-u-s-soybeans-after-beijing-issues-new-tariff-waivers-traders-idUSKBN1YD24G China buys U.S. soybeans after Beijing issues new tariff waivers: traders]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 9, 2019.</ref> On December 13, 2019, the U.S. and China announced a preliminary and limited trade agreement to avoid increasing U.S. tariffs on China.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (December 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/12/13/trump-announces-phase-one-trade-deal-with-china/ Trump Announces Phase One Trade Deal with China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 13, 2019.
+*Mauldin, William; Wei, Lingling; Leary, Alex (December 14, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/us-china-confirm-reaching-phase-one-trade-deal-11576234325 U.S., China Agree to Limited Deal to Halt Trade War]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (December 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/13/trump-chinese-leaders-announce-initial-trade-deal-/ Trump, Chinese leaders announce initial trade deal with U.S. to avoid new tariffs] ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Elis, Niv (December 13, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/474434-china-announces-phase-one-trade-deal Trump, China announce 'Phase One' trade deal]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Stieber, Zachary (December 13, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-we-have-agreed-to-a-very-large-phase-one-deal-with-china_3173738.html Trump: ‘We Have Agreed to a Very Large Phase One Deal With China’]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (December 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-reaches-deal-with-beijing-to-scrap-new-china-tariffs-and-roll-back-others Trump reaches deal with Beijing to scrap new China tariffs and roll back others]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Collins, Michael; Jackson, David (December 13, 2019). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/12/13/china-agrees-trade-terms-donald-trump-sows-doubt-details/4411273002/ Trump, China tout tentative 'Phase One' trade deal, including canceling upcoming tariffs]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Pramuk, Jacob (December 13, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/13/china-says-it-has-agreed-to-us-trade-deal-text-indicates-next-step-is-signing.html China and US reach phase one trade deal that includes some tariff relief and agriculture purchases]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-13/china-says-deal-agreed-u-s-to-roll-back-tariffs-in-stages China, U.S. Agree on Initial Trade Deal to Remove Some Tariffs]. ''Bloomberg''. December 13, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Bayly, Lucy (December 13, 2019). [https://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/trump-confirms-u-s-china-have-reached-agreement-trade-deal-n1100876 Trump confirms U.S. and China have reached agreement on trade deal]. ''NBC News''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Rappeport, Alan; Swanson, Ana; Bradsher, Keith; Buckley, Chris (December 13, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/13/business/economy/china-trade-deal.html Initial China Trade Deal Defuses Tensions, but U.S. Still Has Concerns]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.axios.com/trump-china-tariff-delay-december-trade-war-49c5071d-1298-4d1c-8ebd-f7154faba9b2.html U.S. and China reach "phase one" trade deal to avert December tariffs]. ''Axios''. December 13, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Palmer, Doug; Behsudi, Adam (December 13, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/13/china-confirms-preliminary-trade-deal-with-us-084390 U.S., China confirm preliminary deal]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ustr/u-s-says-agrees-to-lower-tariffs-on-some-chinese-imports-in-trade-deal-idUSKBN1YH1WD U.S. says agrees to lower tariffs on some Chinese imports in trade deal]. ''Reuters''. December 13, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Qiu, Stella; Pollard, Martin (December 13, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-trade/china-says-reached-phase-one-deal-with-u-s-to-cancel-sunday-tariffs-idUSKBN1YH1SV China says reached phase one deal with U.S., to cancel Sunday tariffs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-notice/ustr-files-notice-suspending-dec-15-tariffs-on-chinese-goods-idUSKBN1YI055 USTR files notice suspending Dec. 15 tariffs on Chinese goods]. ''Reuters''. December 14, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+Earlier sources regarding an agreement between the two counties:
+*[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/us-china-reach-phase-one-trade-deal-source-says US, China reach phase one trade deal, source says]. ''Fox News''. December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.
+*Wei, Lingling; Davis, Bob; Mauldin, William; Zumbrun, Josh (December 12, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-says-u-s-is-very-close-to-a-big-deal-with-china-on-trade-11576162614 Trump Agrees to Limited Trade Deal With China]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom; Boyer, Dave (December 12, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/12/us-china-reach-trade-deal-report/ Trump, China agree on initial trade deal: 'They want it, and so do we!'] ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (December 12, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/white-house-and-beijing-strike-deal-to-avoid-tariffs White House and Beijing strike deal to avoid tariffs]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Samuels, Brett; Chalfant, Morgan (December 12, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/474381-us-china-reach-limited-trade-deal-ahead-of-tariff-deadline US, China reach limited trade deal ahead of tariff deadline]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (December 12, 2019). [https://apnews.com/d6e2b593474548ced623f7c4eaaf1bc5 US and China near deal that would suspend planned tariffs]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Behsudi, Adam (December 25, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/12/us-and-china-reach-partial-trade-deal-084028 U.S., China strike partial trade deal that cuts tariffs]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+More details on the initial agreement:
+*Carney, John (December 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2019/12/13/trump-expects-china-to-buy-50-billion-in-u-s-agriculture/ Trump Expects China to Buy $50 Billion in U.S. Agriculture]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*He, Cathy; Akan, Emel (December 13, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/beijing-to-buy-200-billion-in-us-goods-as-part-of-initial-us-china-trade-deal_3174071.html Beijing to Buy Additional $200 Billion in US Goods as Part of Initial Trade Deal]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-details-factbox/whats-in-the-u-s-china-phase-one-trade-deal-idUSKBN1YH2IL What's in the U.S.-China 'phase one' trade deal]. ''Reuters''. December 13, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Shalal, Andrea; Lawder, David; Qiu, Stella (December 13, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-china-trade-deal-cuts-tariffs-for-beijing-promise-of-big-farm-purchases-idUSKBN1YH1SA U.S.-China trade deal cuts tariffs for Beijing promise of big farm purchases]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Behsudi, Adam; Palmer, Doug (December 13, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/13/us-china-trade-deal-084881 Here’s what’s in, what’s out of U.S.-China trade deal]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Freking, Kevin (December 13, 2019). [https://apnews.com/415cc91f3bb305ddb08620c53eea2d58 How US-China trade deal achieved a little but left out a lot]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-details-factbox/factbox-what-is-actually-in-the-u-s-china-phase-one-trade-deal-idUSKBN1YK1QT Factbox: What is actually in the U.S.-China 'Phase One' trade deal?] ''Reuters''. December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+Tariff reductions and increased purchases announced by China:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-sales-factbox/factbox-a-lot-of-soy-a-little-rice-chinas-historical-u-s-agricultural-purchases-idUSKBN1YH2HZ Factbox: A lot of soy, a little rice - China's historical U.S. agricultural purchases]. ''Reuters''. December 13, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://apnews.com/35ecb5fe9afd124c924335c01140674c China delays tariffs on US autos, other goods in trade deal]. ''Associated Press''. December 15, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Klar, Rebecca (December 15, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/474615-china-suspends-tariffs-on-us-products-scheduled-to-go-into-effect China suspends tariffs on US products scheduled to go into effect Sunday]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Goh, Brenda (December 14, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/china-suspends-planned-tariffs-scheduled-for-december-15-on-some-u-s-goods-idUSKBN1YJ035 China suspends planned tariffs scheduled for December 15 on some U.S. goods]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-commoditiestariffs-fa/factbox-how-china-tariffs-on-u-s-commodities-energy-stand-after-phase-one-trade-deal-idUSKBN1YK0F1 Factbox: How China tariffs on U.S. commodities, energy stand after 'phase one' trade deal]. ''Reuters''. December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-imports/china-to-lower-import-tariffs-on-frozen-pork-avocados-from-january-1-idUSKBN1YR02Z China to lower import tariffs on frozen pork, avocados from January 1]. ''Reuters''. December 22, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Aizhu, Chen; Zhang, Min (December 19, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tariffs/china-announces-new-tariff-exemptions-for-u-s-chemical-oil-products-idUSKBN1YN0JM China announces new tariff exemptions for U.S. chemical, oil products]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/china-cuts-america-a-break-on-tariffs-after-phase-one-deal China cuts America a break on tariffs after phase one deal]. ''Fox Business'' (from ''Reuters''). December 19, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Martin, Ken (December 23, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/china-to-cut-import-tariffs-open-markets China to cut import tariffs, open markets]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Zumbrun, Josh; Maltais, Kirk (December 18, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-farm-purchase-targets-under-trade-deal-face-skeptics-11576665004 China’s Farm-Purchase Targets Under Trade Deal Face Skeptics]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-trade-soybeans/chinas-november-soybean-imports-from-u-s-rise-as-tariff-free-cargoes-arrive-idUSKBN1YT04Y China's November soybean imports from U.S. rise as tariff-free cargoes arrive]. ''Reuters''. December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 24, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-commoditiestariffs-fa/factbox-how-china-tariffs-on-u-s-commodities-energy-stand-after-phase-1-trade-deal-idUSKBN1YS0KJ Factbox: How China tariffs on U.S. commodities, energy stand after Phase 1 trade deal]. ''Reuters''. December 24, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Lung, Natalie; Han, Miao (December 22, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-23/china-to-cut-tariffs-on-goods-including-pork-tech-items China to Cut Tariffs on Pork, Tech From List Worth $389 Billion]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://apnews.com/a3c6388217bfc1a48267fbb763608316 China announces tariff cuts, more competition in markets]. ''Associated Press''. December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-to-lower-tariffs-on-some-imports-in-2020-11577066316 China to Cut Tariffs on Range of Goods Amid Push for Trade Deal]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/12/23/china-announces-tariff-cuts-on-850-imported-products/ China Announces Tariff Cuts on 850+ Imported Products]. ''Breitbart News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Klar, Rebecca (December 23, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/475709-china-lowering-tariffs-on-us-pork-high-tech-components China lowering tariffs on US pork, high-tech components]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*[https://www.axios.com/china-import-tariffs-cut-850-products-e6b950fa-305d-4e08-9086-71adeb956e06.html China to cut import tariffs on 850 products]. ''Axios''. December 22, 2019. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Klar, Rebecca (December 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/475933-chinas-imports-of-us-soybeans-surges-following-trade-deal China's imports of US soybeans surges following trade deal]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
+*[https://apnews.com/eed06723104d985b04064a4fdb4b5f7e China’s November soybean imports rise after US trade deal]. ''Associated Press''. December 26, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
+*Funk, Josh; Wiseman, Paul; McDonald, Joe (December 26, 2019). [https://apnews.com/ebf7a2646dda9371fe2762a5a3f1804f At each end of Pacific, skepticism over China farm purchases]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
+*[https://www.breitbart.com/news/china-doubled-u-s-soy-purchases-during-phase-1-trade-deal-talks/ China Doubled U.S. Soy Purchases During Phase 1 Trade Deal Talks]. ''Breitbart News'' (from ''UPI''). December 28, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
+*Higgins, Jesse (December 27, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/12/27/China-doubled-US-soy-purchases-during-Phase-1-trade-deal-talks/5881577472891/ China doubled U.S. soy purchases during Phase 1 trade deal talks]. ''UPI''. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
+See also:
+*Garber, Jonathan (December 13, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/us-china-trade-deal-real-breakthrough US, China trade deal is a 'real breakthrough']. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Hudson, Jeroe (December 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/12/13/job-creators-network-trump-china-trade-deal-another-major-victory-for-small-businesses/ Job Creators Network: Trump China Trade Deal ‘Another Major Victory for Small Businesses’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Puzder, Andy (December 13, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/andy-puzder-trumps-china-trade-deal-brings-us-great-benefits-fulfills-his-campaign-promise Andy Puzder: Trump’s China trade deal brings US great benefits, fulfills campaign promise]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Zhdannikov, Dmitry; Cornwell, Alexander (December 14, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-qatar-forum-tarde/u-s-mnuchin-says-trade-deal-with-china-to-boost-global-economy-idUSKBN1YI0C9 Mnuchin says trade deal with China to boost global economy]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Newburger, Emma (December 15, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/15/us-trade-representative-says-trade-deal-is-totally-done-and-will-double-exports-to-china-in-two-years.html US trade representative says phase-one trade deal is ‘totally done’ and will double exports to China in two years]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Carney, John (December 16, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/12/16/goldman-sachs-paul-krugman-and-chuck-schumer-are-disappointed-in-trumps-china-trade-deal/ Goldman Sachs, Paul Krugman, and Chuck Schumer Are Disappointed In Trump’s China Trade Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Lewandowski, Corey R. (December 17, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/474855-trumps-phase-one-trade-deal-undercuts-the-anti-tariff-crowds-arguments Trump's 'Phase One' trade deal undercuts the anti-tariff crowd's arguments]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*McDaniel, Christine (December 18, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/475112-trade-deal-with-china-a-gift-to-american-workers Trade deal with China a gift to American workers]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Gehrke, Joel (December 16, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/we-did-not-cheer-china-hints-at-breaking-trade-deal-before-it-is-signed ‘We did not cheer': China hints at breaking trade deal before it is signed]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Street, Chriss (December 18, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-farmers-praise-trade-deals-commitment-to-eliminate-non-tariff-barriers_3178167.html US Farmers Praise Trade Deals’ Commitment to Eliminate Non-Tariff Barriers]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Lawder, David; Yao, Kevin (December 15, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-top-trade-negotiator-praises-deal-china-remains-cautious-idUSKBN1YJ0GL U.S. top trade negotiator praises deal, China remains cautious]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Klar, Rebecca (December 15, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/474660-mnuchin-lighthizer-accuse-wall-street-journal-reporting-on-tariff Mnuchin, Lighthizer deny WSJ reporting on tariff negotiations with China: 'It did not happen']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (December 15, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/15/us-china-trade-talks-move-to-another-round/ U.S. Chinese negotiators start a new round trade talks after toasting 'phase one']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Moritsugu, Ken (December 14, 2019). [https://apnews.com/21cc278a4b7783c1b05e45bd38726af2 China welcomes preliminary deal in trade war it blames on US]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 25, 2019.
+*Su, Nathan (December 20, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/the-trade-deal-is-good-but-tariffs-necessary-says-coalition_3180309.html US Manufacturers Call for Higher Tariffs in China Trade Deal]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
+*[https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/34448-red-china-more-dangerous-than-the-soviet-union Red China More Dangerous than the Soviet Union]. ''The New American''. December 26, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
+*Stech Ferek, Katy (December 31, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/tariffs-on-chinese-goods-are-skirted-by-some-u-s-shoppers-11577788201 Tariffs on Chinese Goods Are Skirted by Some U.S. Shoppers]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 31, 2019.
+*Davis, Bob; Wei, Lingling (January 13, 2020). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-the-u-s-and-china-settled-on-a-trade-deal-neither-wanted-11578931635 How the U.S. and China Settled on a Trade Deal Neither Wanted]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Davis, Bob; Stech Ferek, Katy (January 14, 2020). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/tech-tensions-simmer-in-washington-as-u-s-china-near-trade-truce-11579041159 Tech Tensions Simmer in Washington as U.S., China Near Trade Truce]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 14, 2020.</ref>
+*May 7, 2019—The U.S. reimposed a 17.5% tariff on tomatoes from Mexico after the U.S. withdrew from a 2013 agreement suspending the tariff.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Harrup, Anthony (May 7, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-impose-duties-on-mexican-tomatoes-11557259522 U.S. to Impose Duties on Mexican Tomatoes]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
+*Uria, Daniel (May 7, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/05/07/US-starts-collecting-tariffs-on-Mexican-tomatoes/5741557270967/ U.S. starts collecting tariffs on Mexican tomatoes]. ''UPI''. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
+*Shepardson, David (May 7, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tomatoes-mexico/u-s-to-levy-tariff-on-imported-mexican-tomatoes-in-trade-spat-idUSKCN1SD2JR U.S. to levy tariff on imported Mexican tomatoes in trade spat]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
+*Webber, Jude; Asgari, Nikou (May 7, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/bc808a1e-7082-11e9-bf5c-6eeb837566c5 US to impose tariffs on Mexican tomatoes as trade spat continues]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tomatoes-mexico/us-to-impose-tariffs-on-mexican-tomatoes-as-new-pact-remains-elusive-idUSKCN1SD07W U.S. to impose tariffs on Mexican tomatoes as new pact remains elusive]. ''Reuters''. May 6, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
+*Horsley, Scott (May 7, 2019). [https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/05/07/721172201/food-fight-trump-administration-levels-tariffs-on-mexican-tomatoes Food Fight: Trump Administration Levels Tariffs On Mexican Tomatoes]. ''NPR''. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
+*Gibson, Kate (May 8, 2019). [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tomatoes-from-mexico-tariffs-by-trump-administration-to-make-fruit-a-lot-more-expensive-in-us/ Tomatoes from Mexico could soon get a lot more expensive in U.S.] ''CBS News''. Retrieved May 8, 2019.</ref> On August 21, 2019, the Trump Administration announced an agreement with Mexican tomato producers to resolve the dispute.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Harrup, Anthony (August 21, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/mexican-tomato-growers-reach-agreement-to-end-u-s-duties-11566393087 Mexican Tomato Growers Reach Agreement to End U.S. Duties]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Graham, David (August 21, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-tomato-mexico/mexico-and-u-s-reach-deal-to-end-tomato-tariff-dispute-idUSKCN1VB0T5 Mexico and U.S. reach deal to end tomato tariff dispute]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Axelrod, Tal (August 21, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/458255-trump-administration-announces-deal-to-avert-tariffs-on-mexican-tomatoes Trump administration announces deal to avert tariffs on Mexican tomatoes]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Horsley, Scott (August 21, 2019). [https://www.npr.org/2019/08/21/753151022/tomato-truce-u-s-and-mexico-strike-a-deal-on-imports Tomato Truce: U.S. And Mexico Strike A Deal On Imports]. ''NPR''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Lawrence, Edward (August 21, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/us-mexico-tomato-trade-deal-wilbur-ross-interview US strikes Mexican tomato trade deal in win for consumers]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+*Martin, Eric; Levin, Jonathan (August 21, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-21/u-s-mexico-reach-deal-to-suspend-tomato-dumping-probe-tariffs Tomato Trade War Eases as U.S. Agrees to End Mexico Tariffs]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
+See also:
+*Mauldin, William (September 19, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-mexico-tomato-deal-draws-concerns-from-retailers-importers-11568930652 U.S.-Mexico Tomato Deal Could Force Retailers, Importers to Play Ketchup]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.</ref> On November 22, 2019, the U.S. International Trade Commission ruled in favor of the agreement.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Brevetti, Rossella (November 22, 2019). [https://news.bloomberglaw.com/international-trade/trade-commission-keeps-mexican-tomato-deal-in-place Trade Commission Keeps Mexican Tomato Deal in Place]. ''Bloomberg Law''. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
+*[https://www.law360.com/articles/1222778/mexican-tomato-deal-remains-intact-following-itc-vote Mexican Tomato Deal Remains Intact Following ITC Vote]. ''Law360''. November 22, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
+*Woodhouse, Murphy (November 22, 2019). [http://kjzz.org/content/1321996/international-trade-commission-rules-mexican-tomatoes-threaten-us-growers International Trade Commission Rules Mexican Tomatoes Threaten U.S. Growers]. ''KJZZ''. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
+*[https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9166662/tomato-anti-dumping-agreement-between-u-s-and-mexico-to-remain-in-place/ Tomato anti-dumping agreement between U.S. and Mexico to remain in place]. ''Fresh Plaza''. November 25, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
+See also:
+*[https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9167358/the-us-will-impose-anti-dumping-fees-on-mexican-tomatoes-starting-december/ The US will impose anti-dumping fees on Mexican tomatoes starting December]. ''Fresh Plaza''. November 27, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.</ref>
+*May 17, 2019—While President Trump signed a proclamation delaying a decision for six months on whether to impose auto tariffs, the proclamation acknowledged the national security threat posed by large numbers of automobile imports as concluded by the Commerce Department.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2019-05-21/pdf/2019-10774.pdf Proclamation 9888 of May 17, 2019 -- Adjusting Imports of Automobiles and Automobile Parts Into the United States]. ''Federal Register''. May 21, 2019. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
+*Shepardson, David (May 17, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-tariffs-usa/trump-declares-some-auto-imports-pose-national-security-threat-idUSKCN1SN1FY Trump declares some auto imports pose national security threat]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Carney, John (May 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/17/autotariffsdelayed/ Trump Puts Auto Tariffs on Hold for Six Months]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Boyer, Dave (May 17, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/may/17/donald-trump-delays-decision-tariffs-imported-auto/ Trump delays decision on tariffs for imported autos, car parts]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Salama, Vivian; Zumbrun, Josh; Peker, Emre (May 17, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/white-house-puts-off-final-decision-on-auto-tariffs-for-180-days-11558097422 White House Puts Off Final Decision on Auto Tariffs for 180 Days]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Samuels, Brett; Elis, Niv (May 17, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/444223-trump-delays-auto-tariffs-for-180-days Trump delays auto tariffs for 180 days]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Pramuk, Jacob (May 17, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/17/trump-administration-will-delay-auto-tariffs-for-up-to-six-months.html Trump administration will delay auto tariffs for up to six months]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Fritze, John (May 17, 2019). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/05/17/trump-foreign-car-tariffs-delayed-new-proclamation-auto-imports/3695461002/ Trump delays tariffs on auto imports, gives negotiators six months to find deal with EU, Japan]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Domonoske, Camila; Schneider, Avie (May 17, 2019). [https://www.npr.org/2019/05/17/724271067/trump-delays-auto-tariffs-for-6-months Trump Delays Auto Tariffs For 6 Months]. ''NPR''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Leonard, Jenny; Donnan, Shawn (May 17, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-17/trump-delays-auto-tariffs-on-eu-japan-for-180-days-to-negotiate Trump Delays EU, Japan Auto Tariffs for 180 Days for Talks]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+See also:
+*Akan, Emel (May 27, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/eu-chilled-by-us-china-trade-war-auto-tariffs-still-threatened_2939790.html EU Chilled by US-China Trade War as Auto Tariffs Remain a Threat]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 28, 2019.</ref>
+*May 23, 2019—The Commerce Department proposed imposing tariffs on any country that artificially devalues its currency.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Lawder, David; Brice, Makini (May 23, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-currency/u-s-considers-duties-on-countries-that-undervalue-currency-commerce-department-idUSKCN1ST2TU U.S. considers duties on countries that undervalue currency: Commerce Department]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/24/us-is-considering-duties-on-countries-that-undervalue-their-currencies.html US is considering duties on countries that undervalue their currencies]. ''CNBC'' (from ''Reuters''). May 23, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana; Rappeport, Alan (May 23, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/23/us/politics/trump-currency-manipulators.html Trump Administration to Expand Penalties for Currency Manipulators]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
+*Donnan, Shawn; Leonard, Jenny (May 23, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-23/trump-proposes-tariffs-on-countries-that-undervalue-currencies U.S. Proposes Tariffs on Nations With Undervalued Currencies]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
+*Politi, James (May 23, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/ff06fdca-7db4-11e9-81d2-f785092ab560 US proposes punishment for countries that manipulate currencies]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
+See also:
+*Lawder, David; Shalal, Andrea (June 4, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g20-japan-usa/u-s-will-not-impose-duties-over-foreign-central-bank-policy-official-idUSKCN1T5205 U.S. will not impose duties over foreign central bank policy: official]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 4, 2019.</ref>
+*May 29, 2019—The Commerce Department imposed anti-dumping tariffs on Chinese mattresses and beer kegs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Shepardson, David (May 29, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-duties/u-s-imposes-new-anti-dumping-duties-on-chinese-mattresses-beer-kegs-idUSKCN1SZ2X1 U.S. imposes new anti-dumping duties on Chinese mattresses, beer kegs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/30/us-imposes-new-anti-dumping-duties-on-chinese-mattresses-beer-kegs.html US imposes new anti-dumping duties on Chinese mattresses, beer kegs]. ''CNBC'' (from ''Reuters''). May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
+*[https://www.law360.com/foodbeverage/articles/1164182/chinese-mattresses-beer-kegs-hit-with-preliminary-duties Chinese Mattresses, Beer Kegs Hit With Preliminary Duties]. ''Law360''. May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (May 29, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/us-moves-to-impose-tariffs-on-chinese-kegs-mattresses US moves to impose tariffs on Chinese kegs, mattresses]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved November 20, 2019.</ref>
+*May 30, 2019—President Trump announced that because of the massive numbers of illegal immigration through Mexico and the Mexican government's failure to stop it, he would impose a 5% tariff on the country and raise it by 5% every month until it substantially reduced illegal immigration into the U.S.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Moons, Michelle (May 30, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/30/donald-trump-declares-he-will-increase-tariffs-on-mexico-until-illegal-immigration-remedied/ Donald Trump Declares He Will Increase Tariffs on Mexico Until Illegal Immigration Remedied]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Munro, Neil (May 30, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/30/donald-trump-to-mexico-stop-migration-or-face-five-percent-tariffs-in-june/ Donald Trump to Mexico: Stop Migration or Face Five Percent Tariffs in June]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Radnofsky, Louise; Mauldin, William; Luhnow, David (May 30, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-threatens-5-tariff-on-mexican-imports-beginning-june-10-11559260679 Trump Threatens Tariffs on Mexican Imports in Response to Migrant Surge]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Re, Gregg (May 30, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-mexico-tariffs-escalating-illegal-immigrants-stop Trump announces escalating tariffs against Mexico, starting at 5 percent, until illegal immigrants 'STOP']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Dinan, Stephen (May 30, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/may/30/donald-trump-slaps-tariffs-mexico-over-border-cris/ Trump slaps emergency tariff on Mexico over border crisis]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Nguyen Ly, Mimi (May 30, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-to-impose-5-percent-tariff-on-mexican-imports-over-illegal-immigration_2945068.html Trump to Impose 5 Percent Tariff on Mexican Imports Over Illegal Immigration]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Bernal, Rafael; Fabian, Jordan (May 30, 2019). [https://thehill.com/latino/446269-trump-announces-5-percent-tariff-on-imports-from-mexico-starting-june-10 Trump announces tariffs on Mexico over immigration]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Colvin, Jill; Long, Colleen (May 31, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/afec271c5f9c4fdb82f57b48cb593add Trump announces new Mexican tariffs in response to migrants]. ''Associated Press''. May 31, 2019.
+*Holland, Steve; Daniel, Frank Jack (May 30, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-trump/trump-vows-rapid-high-tariffs-on-mexico-unless-illegal-immigration-ends-idUSKCN1T01GJ Trump vows rapid, high tariffs on Mexico unless illegal immigration ends]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Tan, Joanna (May 30, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/31/trump-says-us-will-impose-5percent-tariff-on-all-mexican-imports-from-june-10.html Trump says US will impose 5% tariff on all Mexican imports from June 10]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Kirkwood, R. Cort (May 31, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/immigration/item/32482-trump-tariffs-on-mexico-could-hit-25-percent-asylum-rules-to-change Trump Tariffs on Mexico Could Hit 25 Percent, Asylum Rules to Change]. ''The New American''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+Statements by President Trump and the White House on this matter:
+*Frazin, Rachel (May 31, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/446317-trump-defends-tariffs-mexico-has-taken-advantage-of-the-united-state Trump defends tariffs: 'Mexico has taken advantage of the United States for decades']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-trump/trump-urges-mexico-to-finally-do-what-must-be-done-on-immigration-idUSKCN1T11NY Trump urges Mexico to 'finally do what must be done' on immigration]. ''Reuters''. May 31, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Boyer, Dave (May 31, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/may/31/white-house-mexico-exporting-illegal-immigrants-us/ White House: Mexico 'exporting' illegal immigrants to U.S.] ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Samuels, Brett (May 31, 2019). [https://thehill.com/latino/446338-trump-trade-adviser-says-mexico-exports-illegal-aliens Trump trade adviser says Mexico exports 'illegal aliens']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Xiao, Bowen (May 31, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/white-house-trade-adviser-defends-trumps-tariffs-says-mexico-is-exporting-illegal-aliens_2946356.html White House Trade Adviser Defends Trump’s Tariffs, Says Mexico Is Exporting Illegal Aliens]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Colvin, Jill; Long, Colleen (June 1, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/3b0fa1a014d140fb8ad431b5149545b8 Trump digs in on Mexican import tariffs despite uproar]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Bowden, John (June 1, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/446495-trump-defends-tariffs-on-china-mexico Trump defends tariffs on China, Mexico]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
+*Singman, Brooke (June 2, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-says-mexico-is-an-abuser-of-the-us-amid-tariff-negotiations Trump says Mexico is an 'abuser' of the US, amid tariff negotiations]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (June 2, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jun/2/donald-trump-defends-tariffs-against-abuser-mexico/ Trump defends tariffs against 'abuser' Mexico: 'America has had enough!'] ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
+*Balluck, Kyle (June 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/446507-trump-calls-mexico-an-abuser-of-us-america-has-had-enough Trump calls Mexico an 'abuser' of US: 'America has had enough!'] ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
+*Xiao, Bowen (June 2, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-mexico-is-an-abuser-of-the-us-america-has-had-enough_2947596.html Trump: Mexico Is an ‘Abuser’ of the US, ‘America Has Had Enough!’] ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
+*Gage, John (June 2, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-dismisses-attempt-by-abuser-mexico-to-negotiate-tariffs Trump dismisses attempt by ‘abuser’ Mexico to negotiate tariffs]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
+*Munro, Neil (June 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/02/donald-trump-mexico-we-want-action-not-talk/ Donald Trump to Mexico: ‘We Want Action, Not Talk’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
+*Fabian, Jordan (June 3, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/446690-trump-mexico-should-immediately-stop-people-drugs-from-crossing Trump: Mexico 'should immediately stop' people, drugs from crossing border]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
+*Holland, Steve; Graham, Dave (June 4, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-mexico/trump-likely-to-slap-tariffs-on-mexico-decries-migrant-onslaught-idUSKCN1T51GR Trump likely to slap tariffs on Mexico, decries migrant 'onslaught']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
+*Hopkins, Anna (May 31, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/sarah-sanders-mexico-step-up-border-crisis Sarah Sanders: Mexico needs to 'step up and do more' to assist in the border crisis]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
+See also:
+*Moons, Michelle (May 30, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/30/mike-pence-affirms-trump-absolutely-determined-to-press-mexico-on-border-crisis/ Mike Pence Affirms Trump ‘Absolutely Determined’ to Press Mexico on Border Crisis]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Pollak, Joel B. (May 31, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/31/pollak-trump-just-found-a-way-to-make-mexico-pay-for-the-wall/ Pollak: Trump Just Found a Way to Make Mexico ‘Pay for the Wall’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
+*Radnofsky, Louise; Montes, Juan (May 31, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-ties-mexico-tariff-threats-to-hefty-immigration-demands-11559332126 Trump Ties Mexico Tariff Threats to Hefty Immigration Demands]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Munro, Neil (May 30, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/30/shocked-mexico-sends-foreign-minister-dc-friday-meetings/ Shocked Mexico Sends Foreign Minister to D.C. for Friday Tariff Meetings]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Singman, Brooke (May 31, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/mexico-dispatches-team-to-dc-negotiate-tariff-solution-as-trump-demands-illegal-immigration-remedy Mexico dispatches team to DC negotiate tariff solution, as Trump demands illegal immigration remedy]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Zumbrun, Josh; DeBarros, Anthony (May 31, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/tariffs-against-mexico-would-hit-many-goods-that-previously-avoided-penalties-11559319217 Tariffs Against Mexico Would Hit Many Goods That Previously Avoided Penalties]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Villarreal, Andrés; Sherman, Christopher; Orsi, Peter (May 31, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/6aca0c83523d411ca78d9c6e9ca50ab4 Trump tariff threats alarm Mexico growers, economists]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
+*Brewer, Jan (June 4, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/446820-tariffs-on-mexico-are-win-as-trump-goes-it-alone-to-solve-border-crisis Tariffs on Mexico are win as Trump goes it alone to solve border crisis]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
+*Madden, Nate (June 4, 2019). [https://www.conservativereview.com/news/7-border-crisis-problems-demonstrably-worse-expensive-burritos/ 7 border crisis problems demonstrably worse than more expensive burritos]. ''Conservative Review''. Retrieved June 4, 2019.
+*Cadman, Dan (June 4, 2019). [https://cis.org/Cadman/Are-Mexican-Trade-and-Immigration-Really-Unconnected Are Mexican Trade and Immigration Really Unconnected?] ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
+*Judd, Brandon (June 5, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/brandon-judd-trump-tariffs-mexico-illegal-immigrants Brandon Judd: Here’s why Trump’s tariffs on Mexico deserve our support (hint: pressure works)]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
+*Thaler, John (June 7, 2019). [https://humanevents.com/2019/06/07/trumps-pragmatic-tariff-plan-is-already-moving-mexico/ Trump’s Pragmatic Tariff Plan is Already Moving Mexico.] ''Human Events''. Retrieved June 9, 2019.</ref> On June 7, 2019, President Trump announced that his administration had reached a deal with Mexico, with Mexico increasing immigration enforcement to prevent migrants from entering the U.S. in exchange for the U.S. suspending the tariffs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Byas, Steve (June 8, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/immigration/item/32554-mexico-s-agreement-to-curb-immigration-to-avert-tariffs-is-a-win-for-trump-and-america Mexico’s Agreement to Curb Immigration to Avert Tariffs Is A Win for Trump — and America]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
+*Munro, Neil (June 7, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/07/donald-trump-announces-migration-deal-with-mexico/ Donald Trump Announces Migration Deal with Mexico]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
+*Ballhaus, Rebecca; Zumbrun, Josh; Whelan, Robbie (June 8, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-says-u-s-has-reached-deal-with-mexico-11559954306 U.S., Mexico Reach Deal to Avoid Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+*Rambaran, Vandana (June 7, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/us-makes-deal-with-mexico-on-tariffs-immigration-trump-announces US makes deal with Mexico on tariffs, immigration, Trump announces]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
+*Nguyen Ly, Mimi (June 7, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-and-mexico-sign-agreement-on-tariffs-trump-declares_2955451.html Trump Announces US and Mexico Deal on Illegal Immigration, Calls Off Tariffs]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
+*Dinan, Stephen (June 7, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jun/7/donald-trump-says-mexico-has-reached-deal-border-c/ Mexico promises to step up border security, Trump cancels threat of tariffs]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
+*Fabian, Jordan; Bernal, Rafael; Axelrod, Tal (June 7, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/447552-trump-says-tariffs-on-mexico-indefinitely-suspended Trump drops Mexico tariff threat after deal on migrants]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
+*Yilek, Caitlin (June 7, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-says-us-has-reached-deal-with-mexico-on-immigration Trump says US has reached deal with Mexico on immigration]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
+*Colvin, Jill; Lee, Matthew; Lugo, Luis Alonso (June 7, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/87d51541cfc74141b2261e7c6932d1c5 Trump says US, Mexico reach agreement to prevent tariffs]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
+*Colvin, Jill; Lee, Matthew; Lugo, Luis Alonso (June 8, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/e18f85f3f23f4fdea76831c80540af15 Trump says tariffs on Mexico suspended indefinitely]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+*Colvin, Jill; Lee, Matthew; Lugo, Luis Alonso (June 8, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/3664ed5dd32f4bdea53927999a8c4279 Trump’s threatened tariffs on hold after deal with Mexico]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+*Rampton, Roberta; Oré, Diego (June 7, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-mexico-talks/trump-calls-off-tariffs-after-mexico-vows-to-tighten-borders-idUSKCN1T8196 Trump calls off tariffs after Mexico vows to tighten borders]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
+*Jackson, David; Shesgreen, Deirdre (June 7, 2019). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/06/07/trump-says-agreement-reached-mexico-over-migrants/1368485001/ Trump: Agreement reached with Mexico over Central American migrants, tariffs 'indefinitely suspended']. ''USA Today''. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
+*Henney, Megan (June 8, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/trump-stands-down-on-mexico-tariffs-after-securing-immigration-deal Trump stands down on Mexico tariffs after securing immigration deal]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+Left-wing denial of this accomplishment:
+*Munro, Neil (June 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/10/democrats-slam-trump-mexico-deal-failing-succeeding/ Democrats Slam Donald Trump’s Mexico Deal for Failing and Succeeding]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
+*Munro, Neil (June 8, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/06/08/donald-trumps-mexico-deal-democrats-sad-media-mope/ Donald Trump’s Mexico Deal: Democrats Sad, Media Mope]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+*Dinan, Stephen (June 8, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jun/8/democrats-blast-trump-forcing-mexico-deal-cut-ille/ Democrats blast Trump for forcing Mexico deal to cut illegal immigration]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+*Munro, Neil (June 8, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/08/nancy-pelosi-opposes-mexicos-promise-to-keep-migrants/ Nancy Pelosi Opposes Mexico’s Promise to Keep Migrants]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
+*Shaw, Adam (June 8, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pelosi-hits-trumps-deal-with-mexico-accuses-him-of-threats-and-temper-tantrums Pelosi hits Trump’s deal with Mexico, accuses him of ‘threats and temper tantrums’]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
+See also:
+*Munro, Neil (June 7, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/07/trump-deal-with-mexico-likely-ends-catch-and-release-defunds-cartels/ Trump Deal with Mexico Likely Ends Catch-and-Release, Defunds Cartels]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-mexico-declaration/u-s-says-to-expand-program-sending-asylum-seekers-to-mexico-idUSKCN1T9025 U.S. says to expand program sending asylum seekers to Mexico]. ''Reuters''. June 7, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
+*Colvin, Jill; Miller, Zeke; Long, Colleen (June 8, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/3664ed5dd32f4bdea53927999a8c4279 US-Mexico deal offers few new solutions, political victory]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
+*Orsi, Peter; Sherman, Christopher (June 8, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/caad7d25ca66401fa268be853067eb6d Mexico-US tariff deal: Questions, concerns for migration]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
+*Garcia, David Alire (June 8, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-mexico-reaction/mexico-holds-off-trumps-fire-but-seen-vulnerable-to-new-pressure-idUSKCN1TA00L Mexico holds off Trump's fire, but seen vulnerable to new pressure]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
+*Dinan, Stephen; Richardson, Valerie (June 9, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jun/9/trump-deal-pressures-mexico-slow-migration-or-face/ Mexico pressured to slow migration or face renewed tariff threat under Trump deal]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
+*Whelan, Robbie (June 10, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/mexicos-border-pact-with-u-s-bought-time-on-trump-asylum-demand-11560174682 U.S. Presses Mexico on Asylum Overhaul]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
+*Munro, Neil (June 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/10/ap-donald-trumps-deputies-surprised-by-his-win-on-mexico-and-migration/ AP: Donald Trump’s Deputies ‘Surprised’ by His Win on Mexico and Migration]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
+*Nakamura, David (June 10, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/tariffs-are-the-answer-trump-appears-emboldened-after-economic-brinkmanship-with-mexico/2019/06/10/a701b63c-8b93-11e9-b08e-cfd89bd36d4e_story.html 'Tariffs are the answer': Trump appears emboldened after economic brinkmanship with Mexico]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
+*Graham, David (June 11, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-mexico-border/mexico-reveals-border-infrastructure-plan-trump-vows-migration-deal-details-idUSKCN1TC1IP Mexico reveals border infrastructure plan; Trump vows migration deal details]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
+*Binder, John (June 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/11/u-s-mexico-deal-will-not-impact-amnesty-pipeline-for-ms-13-gang/ U.S.-Mexico Deal Will Not Impact Amnesty Pipeline for MS-13 Gang]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
+*Scarry, Eddie (June 11, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/trumps-mexico-deal-isnt-an-immigration-fix-its-a-temporary-band-aid Trump's Mexico 'deal' isn't an immigration fix, it's a temporary Band-Aid]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
+*Spagat, Elliot; Attanasio, Cedar (June 11, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/e836471bc7f14eaba90fd09aa83b6cb8 Tariff deal gives momentum to ‘Remain-in-Mexico’ policy]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
+*Bensman, Todd (June 10, 2019). [https://cis.org/Bensman/Notes-Mexican-Militarys-Mission-GuatemalaMexico-Border Notes on The Mexican Military's Mission to the Guatemala-Mexico Border]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
+*Miroff, Nick; Sieff, Kevin; Wagner, John (June 10, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/trump-mexico-immigration-deal-has-additional-measures-not-yet-made-public/2019/06/10/967e4e56-8b8e-11e9-b08e-cfd89bd36d4e_story.html How Mexico talked Trump out of tariff threat with immigration crackdown pact]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
+*Homan, Thomas (June 8, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/tom-homan-trump-mexico-agreement Tom Homan: Trump deserves our thanks for migrant agreement with Mexico]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+*Thiessen, Marc (June 14, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/marc-thiessen-dont-downplay-trumps-role-in-the-u-s-mexico-immigration-deal-his-strategy-worked Marc Thiessen: Trump's tariff threat responsible for US-Mexico immigration deal, proving his critics wrong]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
+*Boneta, Martha; Grubbs, K. E. (June 13, 2019). [https://dailycaller.com/2019/06/13/boneta-grubbs-trump-tariffs/ BONETA & GRUBBS: Thanks To Trump’s Tariffs, America Has An Immigration Win]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved June 22, 2019.
+*Rappaport, Nolan (June 23, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/immigration/449853-why-trumps-deal-with-mexico-is-doomed-jungles-judges-and-democrats Why Trump's deal with Mexico is doomed: Jungles, judges and Democrats]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 23, 2019.
+*Starr, Penny (July 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/07/12/feds-commit-500-million-for-jobs-development-in-southern-mexico/ Feds Commit $500 Million for Jobs, Development in Southern Mexico]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
+Statements by President Trump and other officials:
+*Moons, Michelle (June 8, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/08/donald-trump-says-mexico-buying-u-s-farm-products/ Donald Trump Says Mexico Is Buying U.S. Farm Products]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+*Shaw, Adam (June 8, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-defends-mexico-deal-migrant-flows-tariffs Trump defends deal with Mexico to stem migrant flows, prevent tariffs]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+*Landay, Jonathan (June 8, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-mexico/trump-says-he-is-confident-mexico-will-enforce-new-immigration-deal-idUSKCN1T90JR Trump says he is confident Mexico will enforce new immigration deal]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+*Byrnes, Jesse (June 8, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/447559-trump-touts-mexico-deal-on-migrants-will-be-a-very-successful Trump touts Mexico deal on migrants: Will be 'very successful']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
+*Kan, Janita (June 8, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/president-trump-is-confident-mexico-will-try-very-hard-to-enforce-new-immigration-deal_2955876.html President Trump Is Confident Mexico Will ‘Try Very Hard’ to Enforce New Immigration Deal]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
+*Wroughton, Lesley; Chiacu, Doina (June 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-mexico/trump-defends-mexico-migration-deal-and-pledges-more-detail-idUSKCN1TA0GM Trump defends Mexico migration deal and pledges more detail]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
+*Vogt, Bailey (June 10, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jun/10/donald-trump-defends-mexico-tariff-threats-we-got-/ Trump defends Mexico tariff threats: 'We got everything we wanted']. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
+*Munro, Neil (June 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/10/mike-pompeo-u-s-will-send-migrants-back-to-mexico-full-throttle/ Mike Pompeo: U.S. Will Send Migrants Back to Mexico ‘Full Throttle’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
+*O'Reilly, Andrew (June 10, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/pompeo-defends-deal-with-mexico-amid-criticism-calls-it-diplomacy-at-its-finest Pompeo defends deal with Mexico amid criticism, calls it 'diplomacy at its finest']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
+*Gehrke, Joel (June 10, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/pompeo-calls-mexico-deal-diplomacy-at-its-finest-warns-tariffs-could-return Pompeo calls Mexico deal 'diplomacy at its finest,' warns tariffs could return]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
+*Wong, Kristina (June 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/10/pompeo-trumps-threat-of-tariffs-prompted-deal-with-mexico-on-migrants/ Pompeo: Trump’s Threat of Tariffs Prompted Deal with Mexico on Migrants]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
+*O'Reilly, Andrew (June 10, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/acting-dhs-secretary-praises-white-house-deal-with-mexico-on-immigration-defends-trumps-tariff-threat Acting DHS secretary praises White House deal with Mexico on immigration, defends Trump's tariff threat]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 12, 2019.</ref>
+*July 2, 2019—The Commerce Department imposed 456% tariffs on South Korean and Taiwanese steel transshipped through Vietnam to avoid existing U.S. tariffs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-vietnam/u-s-slaps-duties-on-steel-from-vietnam-originally-produced-in-south-korea-taiwan-idUSKCN1TX2TE U.S. slaps duties on steel from Vietnam originally produced in South Korea, Taiwan]. ''Reuters''. July 2, 2019.
+*Boudreau, John; Heijmans, Philip (July 2, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-03/u-s-slaps-import-duties-on-vietnam-steel-in-ramp-up-of-tension U.S. Slaps Import Duties of More Than 400% on Vietnam Steel]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/03/us-impose-duties-on-steel-from-vietnam-produced-in-south-korea-taiwan.html US imposes duties on steel from Vietnam originally produced in South Korea, Taiwan]. ''CNBC''. July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
+*[https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3737277 US announces tariffs up to 456% on Taiwanese and South Korean steel products]. ''Taiwan News''. July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
+See also:
+*Jones, Marc (July 4, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vietnam-economy-finmin/vietnam-determined-to-tackle-u-s-concerns-about-steel-exports-finance-minister-idUSKCN1TZ12J Vietnam determined to tackle U.S. concerns about steel exports: finance minister]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 4, 2019.</ref> The Commerce Department issued the final order implementing the tariffs on December 16, 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-steel/u-s-issues-final-order-on-duties-on-certain-steel-products-from-vietnam-idUSKBN1YK243 U.S. issues final order on duties on certain steel products from Vietnam]. ''Reuters''. December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
+*[https://money.usnews.com/investing/news/articles/2019-12-16/us-issues-final-order-on-duties-on-certain-steel-products-from-vietnam U.S. Issues Final Order on Duties on Certain Steel Products From Vietnam]. ''U.S. News & World Report'' (from ''Reuters''). December 16, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
+*Le, Hung (December 17, 2019). [https://e.vnexpress.net/news/business/industries/us-slaps-duties-of-456-pct-on-vietnamese-steel-products-4028760.html US slaps duties of 456 pct on Vietnamese steel products]. ''VNExpress''. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
+*[https://ajot.com/news/u.s-department-of-commerce-announces-five-affirmative-final-circumvention-determinations-on-steel-products-from-vietnam U.S. Department of Commerce announces five affirmative final circumvention determinations on steel products from Vietnam]. ''AJOT''. December 17, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
+*Chin-ye, Chiang; Kao, Evelyn (December 17, 2019). [http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aeco/201912170008.aspx U.S. finalizes duties on steel originating in Taiwan, South Korea]. ''Focus Taiwan''. Retrieved December 18, 2019.</ref>
+*July 8, 2019—The Commerce Department imposed tariffs on certain companies' steel imports from Mexico and China because the two countries helped their steel manufacturers through subsidies.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-steel/u-s-says-its-producers-harmed-by-some-structural-steel-imports-idUSKCN1U32GV U.S. says its producers harmed by some structural steel imports]. ''Reuters''. July 8, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
+*[https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/07/09/business/u-s-slaps-new-duties-steel-mexico-china-alleging-unfair-subsidies/#.XSP9I-hKhPY U.S. slaps new duties on steel from Mexico and China, alleging unfair subsidies]. ''The Japan Times'' (from ''AFP-JIJI''). July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
+*[https://www.trtworld.com/business/us-slaps-new-duties-on-steel-from-mexico-and-china-28092 US slaps new duties on steel from Mexico and China]. ''TRT World'' (from ''AFP''). July 8, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
+*[https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/us-slaps-new-duties-on-steel-from-mexico-and-china-11703290 US slaps new duties on steel from Mexico and China]. ''CNA'' (from ''AFP''). June 9, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
+*He, Laura (July 9, 2019). [https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/09/economy/us-steel-china-mexico/index.html US imposes duties on some steel products from China and Mexico]. ''CNN''. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
+*Webber, Jude (July 9, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/aaba01ae-a1f9-11e9-974c-ad1c6ab5efd1 US announces anti-subsidy duties on steel from Mexico and China]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved July 9, 2019.</ref> The Commerce Department moved forward with the tariffs on September 4, 2019.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-steel/u-s-imposes-duties-on-structural-steel-from-china-mexico-idUSKCN1VP2R7 U.S. imposes duties on structural steel from China, Mexico]. ''Reuters''. September 4, 2019. Retrieved September 4, 2019.</ref>
+*July 10, 2019—The U.S. began an investigation into a French tax on technology companies and whether it "unfairly target[ed] American companies."<ref>Multiple references:
+*Mauldin, William (July 10, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-launches-probe-of-french-digital-tax-11562797720 U.S. Launches Probe of French Digital Tax]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
+*Re, Gregg (July 10, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-administration-launches-probe-into-french-tax-prompting-fears-of-trade-war Trump administration launches probe into French tech tax, prompting fears of new trade war]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (July 10, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/us-warns-french-digital-services-tax-targets-american-companies-raising-tariffs-threat US warns French digital services tax targets American companies, raising tariffs threat]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (July 10, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/c3ec0c3f184349b8a479e8492b3cff02 Trump trade representative to investigate French tech tax]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
+*Shepardson, David (July 10, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-france/u-s-to-probe-french-plan-to-tax-tech-companies-idUSKCN1U52HX U.S. to probe French plan to tax tech companies]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
+*Samuels, Brett (July 10, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/452514-trump-administration-launches-investigation-into-french-plan-for-tax-on-tech Trump administration launches investigation into French plan for tax on tech giants]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
+*Titcomb, James (July 10, 2019). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/07/10/us-could-tax-french-wine-cheese-imports-retaliation-against/ US could impose tariffs on French imports in retaliation against ‘tech tax’]. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/11/us-to-probe-proposed-french-tech-tax.html US to probe proposed French tech tax, concerned it ‘unfairly targets American companies’]. ''CNBC'' (from ''Reuters''). July 10, 2019. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
+*Whalen, Jeanne; Romm, Tony (July 10, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/07/10/us-launches-probe-french-plans-tax-tech-giants-potential-step-retaliation-new-transatlantic-trade-rift/ U.S. launches probe of French plans to tax tech giants, a potential step to retaliation and a new transatlantic trade rift]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
+*Lorenzo, Aaron (July 11, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/story/2019/07/10/trump-french-tech-tax-1581707 Trump administration launches unfair trade practices probe of French tech tax]. ''Politico''. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
+*Quinn, Melissa (July 13, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/new-tariffs-threatened-over-tax-on-big-tech New tariffs threatened over tax on big tech]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
+Statements by President Trump:
+*Salama, Vivian; Zumbrun, Josh (July 26, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-says-u-s-to-take-action-against-france-for-tax-on-american-tech-companies-11564159601 Trump Says U.S. to Take Action Against France for Tax on American Tech Companies]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Samuels, Brett (July 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/454908-trump-vows-substantial-reciprocal-action-against-france-over-tax Trump vows 'substantial reciprocal action' against France over tax targeting tech giants]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Shepardson, David; White, Sarah (July 26, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-france/trump-says-u-s-could-tax-french-wine-in-retaliation-for-digital-tax-idUSKCN1UL291 Trump says U.S. could tax French wine in retaliation for digital tax]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Dorman, Sam (July 26, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-vows-retaliatory-tariff-on-france-after-nation-taxes-american-tech-giants Trump vows retaliatory tariff on France, slams 'foolish' tax on American tech giants]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Fordham, Evie (July 26, 2019). [https://dailycaller.com/2019/07/26/digital-tax-france-us/ Trump Threatens Retaliation Over France’s Digital Tax]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Pramuk, Jacob (July 26, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/26/trump-threatens-french-wine-after-france-passes-digital-tax.html Trump says he ‘might’ put tariffs on French wine in response to digital tax]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Jackson, David (July 26, 2019). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/07/26/donald-trump-threatens-tariff-wine-imports-after-french-digital-tax/1839706001/ Donald Trump's latest tariff threat? French wine]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Freking, Kevin (July 26, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/a4e811bd0d3b428dac7a93b4cde67aea Trump vows to retaliate against French digital tax]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Carney, John (July 26, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/07/26/trump-says-u-s-will-tax-french-wine-in-retaliation-for-taxes-on-u-s-tech-companies/ Trump Says U.S. Will Tax French Wine in Retaliation for Taxes on U.S. Tech Companies]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Spiering, Charlie (July 26, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/07/26/trump-threatens-tariff-on-french-wines-after-france-passes-digital-tax-on-tech-companies/ Trump Threatens Tariff on French Wines After France Passes Digital Tax on Tech Companies]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Quinn, Melissa (July 26, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-hints-at-retaliatory-action-targeting-french-wine-over-new-tax-on-tech Trump hints at retaliatory action targeting French wine over new tax on tech]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (July 26, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jul/26/trump-fumes-over-frances-tech-tax-threatens-retali/ Trump fumes over France's tech tax, threatens retaliation]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
+*Calicchio, Dom (August 18, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-says-french-wine-may-face-100-percent-tariff-in-response-to-tax-on-us-tech-firms Trump says French wine may face ‘100 percent tariff’ in response to tax on US tech firms: report]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
+See also:
+*Rogan, Tom (July 11, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/the-us-is-right-to-threaten-tariffs-over-frances-tech-tax The US is right to threaten tariffs over France's tech tax]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
+*Hannon, Paul; Rubin, Richard (July 16, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/for-u-s-and-france-a-tax-fight-over-tech-giants-remains-a-sore-point-11563300000 For U.S. and France, a Tax Fight Over Tech Giants Remains a Sore Point]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
+*Rogan, Tom (July 26, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/trump-rightly-threatens-tariffs-on-france Trump rightly threatens tariffs on France]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Pramuk, Jacob (July 12, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/12/how-trump-could-use-tariffs-to-fight-french-digital-services-tax.html How Trump could use tariffs to fight back against France’s tax on US technology giants]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Charlton, Angela (July 27, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/901c1099ba5b482a848a90834309ecda French wine vs US tech prowess: new Trump-Macron standoff]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
+*Kennedy, Joe (August 16, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/457267-dont-let-other-countries-unfairly-tax-americas-most-innovative-companies Don't let other countries unfairly tax America's most innovative companies]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
+*Birnbaum, Emily (August 19, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/technology/457958-tech-giants-rip-new-french-digital-taxes Tech giants rip new French digital taxes]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
+*Wolfgang, Ben (August 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/aug/19/france-digital-services-tax-unites-donald-trump-te/ Unlikely allies: Trump, tech giants team up, fight French tax]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (August 22, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/aug/22/donald-trump-to-confront-emmanuel-macron-at-g-7-ov/ Trump to confront Macron at G-7 over French tax on tech companies]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 22, 2019.</ref> On August 26, 2019, the U.S. and France reached a compromise agreement on the tax.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Tesler, Rachel (August 26, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/france-us-reach-digital-tax-compromise France, US reach digital tax compromise]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
+*Schulze, Elizabeth (August 26, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/27/france-and-us-reach-draft-compromise-on-french-digital-tax.html US and France have reached a deal on digital tax, Macron says]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
+*Gold, Hadas (August 26, 2019). [https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/26/business/digital-tax-france-us/index.html US and France reach compromise on digital tax]. ''CNN''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
+*Quinn, Melissa (August 26, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/us-and-france-reach-deal-over-french-tax-on-big-tech-companies-macron US and France reach deal over French tax on big tech companies: Macron]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
+*Dillet, Romain (August 26, 2019). [https://techcrunch.com/2019/08/26/us-and-france-reach-a-compromise-on-frances-tax-on-tech-giants/ US and France reach a compromise on France’s tax on tech giants]. ''Tech Crunch''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
+*Jagoda, Naomi (August 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/458831-macron-us-and-france-have-reached-very-good-agreement-on-digital-tax Macron: US, France reached 'very good agreement' on digital tax]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
+*Rodrigo, Chris Mills (August 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/technology/458792-us-french-officials-reach-deal-on-digital-tax-report US, French officials reach deal on digital tax: report]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
+*Ciandella, Mike (August 26, 2019). [https://www.conservativereview.com/news/us-france-reportedly-close-striking-deal-frances-digital-tax/ US and France are reportedly close to striking a deal over France’s digital tax]. ''Conservative Review''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
+*Rose, Michel (August 26, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-g7-summit-digital-tax/french-u-s-officials-strike-draft-compromise-on-french-digital-tax-idUSKCN1VG0N5 Macron defuses French digital tax row, Trump coy on wine threat]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.</ref>
+*July 15, 2019—President Trump signed an executive order significantly increasing the required percentages of American components in materials used for government projects.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Miles, Frank (July 15, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-made-america-showcase-goods-order Trump signs order to make American-made goods more American]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (July 15, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-to-boost-domestic-content-for-made-in-america_3003525.html Trump to Boost Domestic Content for Made in America]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Sakelaris, Nicholas; Haynes, Danielle (July 15, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/07/15/Trump-signs-order-strengthening-Buy-American-Act/7101563205809/ Trump signs order strengthening Buy American Act]. ''UPI''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Freking, Kevin (July 15, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/7e12eb79735f4875b3bfd828658a1451 Trump signs order to make American-made goods more American]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*[https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/buy-america-trump-rules-1.5212420 Trump makes Buy America rules more restrictive, demanding 75% U.S. components]. ''CBC''. July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*[https://www.law360.com/energy/articles/1178498/trump-keeps-up-buy-american-efforts-with-new-rules Trump Keeps Up 'Buy American' Efforts With New Rules]. ''Law360''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+See also:
+*Navarro, Peter (July 15, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/peter-navarro-president-trump-continues-to-deliver-on-his-promise-to-buy-american-hire-american Peter Navarro: President Trump continues to deliver on his promise to 'Buy American, Hire American']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
+*Telford, Taylor (July 15, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/07/15/trump-order-federal-purchases-iron-steel-may-come-too-late-lift-us-metals-producers/ Trump order for federal purchases of iron and steel may come too late to lift U.S. metals producers]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved July 15, 2019.</ref>
+*July 26, 2019—President Trump signed a memorandum directing the USTR to do everything in its power to prevent the [[World Trade Organization]] from allowing countries to claim "developing country" status within the organization if they have strong economies that make such a designation unnecessary.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Schlesinger, Jacob M.; Leary, Alex (July 26, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-presses-wto-to-change-china-s-developing-country-status-11564166423 Trump Denounces Both China and WTO]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (July 26, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/870e8f9b55d344e49c5827fafed00e11 US presses WTO to stop lenient trade treatment of China]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (July 26, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jul/26/us-presses-wto-to-stop-lenient-trade-treatment-of-/ US presses WTO to stop lenient trade treatment of China]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Samuels, Brett (July 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/454932-trump-calls-on-wto-to-reform-developing-country-status-used-by-china Trump wants WTO to crack down on China labeling itself 'developing' country]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Wayne, Alex; Leonard, Jenny; Donnan, Shawn (July 26, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-26/trump-targets-china-in-memo-on-wto-developing-nation-crackdown Trump Targets China Over WTO ‘Developing Nation’ Crackdown]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Mason, Jeff; Lawder, David (July 26, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-wto/trump-targets-china-in-call-for-wto-to-reform-developing-country-status-idUSKCN1UL2G6 Trump targets China in call for WTO to reform 'developing' country status]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana (July 26, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/26/us/politics/trump-wto-china.html Trump Presses World Trade Organization on China]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Fordham, Evie (July 26, 2019). [https://dailycaller.com/2019/07/26/trump-china-world-trade/ Trump Pressures World Trade Organization To Stop ‘Cheating’ By China And Other Countries]. ''The Daily Caller''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Politi, James (July 26, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/3fce3c70-afd2-11e9-8030-530adfa879c2 Donald Trump hits out at WTO developing economy designations]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*[https://www.voanews.com/usa/trump-calls-wto-drop-developing-nation-status-china Trump Calls on WTO to Drop 'Developing' Nation Status for China]. ''Voice of America''. July 26, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
+*Behsudi, Adam (July 26, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/story/2019/07/26/trump-world-trade-organization-1623192 Trump ramps up attack against WTO]. ''Politico''. Retrieved July 26, 2019.</ref>
+*August 2, 2019—President Trump announced a trade agreement with the European Union that expanded U.S. beef exports into the EU.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Samuels, Brett (August 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/455960-trump-announces-deal-with-european-union-to-expand-beef-exports Trump gets deal with European Union to expand US beef exports]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Restuccia, Andrew (August 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-to-sign-agreement-allowing-more-u-s-beef-into-eu-11564752739 U.S. Signs Agreement Allowing More Beef Into EU]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (August 2, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/europe-agrees-to-buy-more-us-beef-as-part-of-eu-trade-talks_3028114.html Europe Agrees to Buy More US Beef as Part of EU Trade Talks]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Superville, Darlene; Freking, Kevin (August 2, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/2fb0b2a773d54a339dd5faa1423f5779 Trump says new agreement with EU will boost beef exports]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Alper, Alexandra; Holland, Steve (August 2, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-europe/trump-eu-officials-announce-deal-to-sell-more-american-beef-to-europe-idUSKCN1US1A3 Trump, EU officials announce deal to sell more American beef to Europe]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Pramuk, Jacob (August 2, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/02/trump-trade-announcement-on-eu.html Trump announces deal to expand US beef exports in the EU — and jokes about Mercedes, BMW tariffs]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Henney, Megan (August 2, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/trump-announces-deal-to-expand-us-beef-exports-to-europe Trump announces deal to expand US beef exports to Europe]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+*Leonard, Jenny; Dlouhy, Jennifer (August 2, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-02/u-s-and-eu-to-announce-beef-deal-at-white-house-on-friday Trump Praises Deal to Increase U.S. Beef Exports to Europe]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
+See also:
+*Blenkinsop, Philip (November 28, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-eu/eu-lawmakers-clear-u-s-beef-imports-but-fault-u-s-tariffs-idUSKBN1Y2185 EU lawmakers clear U.S. beef imports but fault U.S. tariffs]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 28, 2019.</ref>
+*August 5, 2019—The Trump Administration formally labeled China a currency manipulator, the first time the U.S. government had officially done so since 1994 and fulfilling a 2016 campaign promise.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/08/05/u-s-labels-china-a-currency-manipulator-after-beijing-pushes-down-yuan/ U.S. Labels China a Currency Manipulator After Beijing Pushes Down Yuan]. ''Breitbart News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
+*Mauldin, William; Timiraos, Nick; Kiernan, Paul (August 5, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-currency-weakening-escalates-trade-war-11565027431 U.S. Designates China as Currency Manipulator]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
+*Dinan, Stephen (August 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/aug/5/china-declared-currency-manipulator-us-treasury-de/ U.S. declares China a 'currency manipulator' as trade war escalates]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (August 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/treasury-department-designates-china-as-a-currency-manipulator Treasury Department designates China as a currency manipulator]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan (August 5, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/456278-treasury-department-labels-china-a-currency-manipulator Treasury Department labels China a currency manipulator]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
+*Lawder, David; Shalal, Andrea; Galbraith, Andrew (August 4, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-markets/u-s-designates-china-a-currency-manipulator-escalating-trade-war-idUSKCN1UV061 U.S. designates China a currency manipulator, escalating trade war]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul; Crutsinger, Martin (August 5, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/3548adeadd804a2db540ff17acad3e1c US Treasury Department labels China a currency manipulator]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
+*De Lea, Brittany (August 5, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/trump-china-currency-manipulator Trump administration designates China a currency manipulator]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana; Stevenson, Alexandra; Smialek, Jeanna (August 5, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/05/business/economy/us-china-yuan-renminbi-trump.html China’s Currency Moves Escalate Trade War, Rattling Markets]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-designates-china-as-currency-manipulator-for-first-time-in-decades_3031158.html US Designates China as Currency Manipulator for First Time in Decades]. ''The Epoch Times'' (from ''Reuters''). August 5, 2019. Retrieved August 5, 2019.
+*Franck, Thomas (August 5, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/05/us-treasury-designates-china-as-a-currency-manipulator.html US declares China a currency manipulator, says it’s using yuan to gain ‘unfair advantage’ in trade]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
+*Lynch, David J.; Shih, Gary; Stein, Jeff; Paletta, Damian (August 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/china-lets-currency-plunge-below-7-a-decade-low-after-trump-adds-new-tariffs/2019/08/05/c7415db6-b754-11e9-8e83-4e6687e99814_story.html Treasury Dept. designates China a ‘currency manipulator,’ a major escalation of the trade war]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
+See also:
+*Zumbrun, Josh (August 6, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-the-u-s-labeled-china-a-currency-manipulator-and-what-it-means-11565105936 Why the U.S. Labeled China a Currency Manipulator and What It Means]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
+*Lawder, David (August 6, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-explainer/explainer-u-s-branding-of-china-as-currency-manipulator-offers-few-new-remedies-idUSKCN1UW04W Explainer: U.S. branding of China as currency manipulator offers few new remedies]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (August 6, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/china-opens-new-front-in-trade-war-manipulating-its-currency_3032454.html China Opens New Front in Trade War, Manipulating Its Currency]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
+*Shiff, Blair (August 7, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/trump-china-economy-markets Trump on China: Somebody had to take a stand]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
+*Bose, Nandita; Shalal, Andrea (August 7, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/trump-says-china-is-killing-us-with-unfair-trade-deals-idUSKCN1UX1WO Trump says China is 'killing us with unfair trade deals']. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (August 8, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-china-currency-manipulator-designation-met-with-congressional-silence-including-from-democrats-whod-long-sought-it Trump China currency manipulator designation met with congressional silence, including from Democrats who'd long sought it]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
+*Langford, James (August 8, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/business/trumps-latest-broadside-in-chinese-trade-war-is-mostly-symbolic Trump's latest broadside in Chinese trade war is mostly symbolic]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved August 9, 2019.</ref> The U.S. removed the label from China on January 13, 2020.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (January 13, 2020). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2020/01/13/u-s-removes-chinas-currency-manipulator-label-as-phase-one-trade-deal-looms/ U.S. Removes China’s Currency Manipulator Label As Phase One Trade Deal Looms]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Boyer, Dave (January 13, 2020). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/jan/13/donald-trump-remove-china-currency-manipulator-tag/ Trump removes currency-manipulator tag on China ahead of trade deal]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Zumbrun, Joshua; Davidson, Kate (January 13, 2020). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-to-drop-china-s-currency-manipulator-tag-ahead-of-trade-deal-11578936073 U.S. Drops China’s Currency Manipulator Label Ahead of Trade Deal]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Higgins, Sean (January 13 2020). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-to-remove-china-from-currency-manipulator-list-as-trade-deal-finalized Trump to remove China from currency manipulator list as trade deal finalized]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Garber, Jonathan; Lawrence, Edward (January 13, 2020). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/us-china-removal-currency-manipulator-list US removes China as currency manipulator]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Franck, Thomas (January 13, 2020). [https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/13/us-will-no-longer-consider-china-a-currency-manipulator.html US removes China from currency manipulator list ahead of trade deal signing]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Jagoda, Naomi; Lane, Sylvan (January 13, 2020). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/478008-trump-administration-to-remove-designation-of-china-as-currency Trump administration removes designation of China as currency manipulator]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Shalal, Andrea; Alper, Alexandra (January 13, 2020). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-treasury-drops-china-currency-manipulator-label-ahead-of-trade-deal-signing-idUSKBN1ZC2FV U.S. Treasury drops China currency manipulator label ahead of trade deal signing]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-removes-designation-of-china-as-currency-manipulator_3203033.html US Removes Designation of China as Currency Manipulator]. ''The Epoch Times'' (from ''Reuters''). January 13, 2020. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Crutsinger, Martin (January 13, 2020). [https://apnews.com/0c0897cfd101e269605fe1c3954e6b88 US drops designation of China as currency manipulator]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Rappeport, Alan (January 13, 2020). [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/13/us/politics/treasury-china-currency-manipulator-trade.html U.S. Says China Is No Longer a Currency Manipulator]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Adelmann, Bob (January 14, 2020). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/34612-to-get-trade-deal-signed-u-s-says-china-no-longer-currency-manipulator To Get Trade Deal Signed, U.S. Says China No Longer “Currency Manipulator”]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 14, 2020.</ref>
+*September 10, 2019—The Commerce Department imposed 222% tariffs on Chinese ceramic tile.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tiles/u-s-sets-preliminary-duties-of-up-to-222-on-chinese-ceramic-tile-idUSKCN1VV1TV U.S. sets preliminary duties of up to 222% on Chinese ceramic tile]. ''Reuters''. September 10, 2019. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/10/reuters-america-update-1-u-s-sets-preliminary-duties-of-up-to-222-percent-on-chinese-ceramic-tile.html UPDATE 1-U.S. sets preliminary duties of up to 222% on Chinese ceramic tile]. ''CNBC'' (from ''Reuters''). September 10, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.</ref> On November 7, 2019, the department announced it had made a preliminary determination that China dumped ceramic tile into the U.S. and imposed tariffs ranging between 114.49% and 356.02%.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-tile/u-s-commerce-dept-finds-chinese-exporters-dumped-ceramic-tile-idUSKBN1XH2UV U.S. Commerce Dept finds Chinese exporters dumped ceramic tile]. ''Reuters''. November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-commerce-dept-finds-chinese-exporters-dumped-ceramic-tile_3140332.html US Commerce Dept Finds Chinese Exporters Dumped Ceramic Tile]. ''The Epoch Times''. November 8, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2019.</ref>
+*September 25, 2019—President Trump announced and signed a limited trade agreement with Japanese Prime Minister [[Shinzo Abe]] that significantly opened up the Japanese market to U.S. agricultural imports.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Salama, Vivian; Zumbrun, Josh (September 25, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-japan-sign-trade-deal-giving-american-food-products-more-access-11569430694 U.S., Japan Reach Trade Deal on Farm Goods, Digital Trade]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (September 25, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/sep/25/us-and-japan-ink-first-stage-trade-deal/ U.S. and Japan ink 'first stage' of trade deal]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (September 25, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-japan-sign-an-initial-trade-deal-boosting-us-farm-exports_3096227.html US, Japan Sign an Initial Trade Deal, Boosting US Farm Exports]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (September 25, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/us-announces-agriculture-trade-deal-with-japan US announces 'early agreement' on trade deal with Japan]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Lane, Sylvan (September 25, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/463049-trump-japan-strike-deal-to-slash-tariffs-on-us-farm-goods-boost-digital-trade Trump, Japan strike deal to slash tariffs on US farm goods, boost digital trade]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Lawder, David; Mason, Jeff (September 25, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-japan/u-s-japan-sign-limited-trade-deal-leaving-autos-for-future-talks-idUSKBN1WA2D8 U.S., Japan sign limited trade deal, leaving autos for future talks]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Klug, Foster (September 25, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/a421320d7530402f8d3f206d604410be Trump: US, Japan agree on 1st stage of new trade agreement]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Politi, James (September 25, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/8590d3be-dfb4-11e9-9743-db5a370481bc US and Japan sign partial trade agreement]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*White, R.N. (September 25, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/us-japan-trade-deal-on-track US-Japan ink phase one of trade deal on $7 billion in US goods]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana (September 25, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/25/business/trump-announces-limited-trade-pact-with-japan.html Trump Announces a Trade Pact With Japan]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Behsudi, Adam (September 25, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/25/united-states-japan-trade-deal-1510948 U.S., Japan reach a limited deal on agriculture, digital trade]. ''Politico''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+See also:
+*Horsley, Scott (September 25, 2019). [https://www.npr.org/2019/09/25/764345859/u-s-farmers-get-a-much-needed-break-under-partial-trade-pact-with-japan U.S. Farmers Get A Much-Needed Break Under Partial Trade Pact With Japan]. ''NPR''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*Hughes, Clyde (September 17, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2019/09/17/US-Japan-reach-initial-trade-agreement-Trump-says/2601568729533/ U.S., Japan reach initial trade agreement, Trump says]. ''UPI''. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
+*DuVall, Zippy (September 27, 2019). [https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/463444-japan-deal-a-much-needed-trade-win Japan deal a much-needed trade win]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 27, 2019.</ref> The U.S. and Japan officially signed two trade agreements on October 7, 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Elis, Niv (October 7, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/news/464732-us-japan-sign-trade-deals US, Japan sign trade deals]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-signs-us-japan-trade-agreement_3109284.html US Signs Trade Agreement With Japan]. ''The Epoch Times''. October 7, 2019. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (October 7, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/oct/7/trump-inks-deals-japan-farm-good-digital-trade/ Trump inks deals with Japan on farm goods, digital trade]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
+*Uria, Daniel (October 7, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/10/07/Trump-signs-two-trade-agreements-with-Japan-seeks-big-deal-in-China-negotiation/7061570482341/ Trump signs two trade agreements with Japan, seeks 'big deal' in China negotiation]. ''UPI''. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (October 7, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/5c7adfefc4824bcba15daf977250fb9b US signs limited deal with Japan on ag, digital trade]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
+*Fredericks, Bob (October 7, 2019). [https://nypost.com/2019/10/07/trump-signs-trade-deal-with-japan-he-says-will-help-us-farmers/ Trump signs trade deal with Japan he says will help US farmers]. ''New York Post''. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
+*Klebnikov, Sergei (October 8, 2019). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/sergeiklebnikov/2019/10/08/6-key-takeaways-from-the-us-japan-trade-deal/#55dabab0690c 6 Key Takeaways From The U.S.-Japan Trade Deal]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
+Japan's parliament ratified the agreement on December 4, 2019:
+*Kageyama, Yuri (December 3, 2019). [https://apnews.com/b70651046273429c9eaa7afc1a88fc9b Trump’s US-Japan trade deal wins Japan parliament approval]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/trumps-us-japan-trade-deal-wins-japan-parliament-approval_3164848.html Trump’s US-Japan Trade Deal Wins Japan Parliament Approval]. ''The Epoch Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
+See also:
+*Lawder, David (October 7, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-usa-trade-japan/u-s-japan-trade-deal-versus-tpp-where-it-falls-short-where-it-exceeds-idUSKBN1WM0A3 U.S.-Japan trade deal versus TPP: where it falls short, where it exceeds]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-japan-agriculture/u-s-japan-trade-deal-aims-to-put-u-s-farmers-on-par-with-trans-pacific-trade-pact-competitors-idUSKBN1WM2CY U.S.-Japan trade deal aims to put U.S. farmers on par with Trans-Pacific trade pact competitors]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
+*Gover, Ted (October 6, 2019). [https://nationalinterest.org/feature/could-us-japan-trade-deal-help-trumps-2020-election-chances-86131 Could the U.S.-Japan Trade Deal Help Trump's 2020 Election Chances?] ''The National Interest''. Retrieved October 8, 2019.</ref>
+*October 3, 2019—The Commerce Department imposed significant preliminary anti-dumping tariffs on Chinese wooden cabinet imports.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-cabinets/china-is-dumping-wooden-cabinet-imports-in-u-s-commerce-department-idUSKBN1WI1VL China is dumping wooden cabinet imports in U.S.: Commerce Department]. ''Reuters''. October 3, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
+*Lawrence, Edward; Garber, Jonathan (October 3, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/us-tariffs-chinese-cabinets-trade-war US to slam huge tariffs on Chinese cabinets]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
+*Deaux, Joe (October 3, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-03/u-s-slaps-more-duties-on-chinese-wooden-cabinets-and-vanities U.S. Slaps More Duties on Chinese Wooden Cabinets and Vanities]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
+See also:
+*Palmer, Doug (August 6, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/story/2019/08/06/us-commerce-duties-china-trade-1450401 Commerce sets steep preliminary duties on Chinese-made cabinets]. ''Politico''. Retrieved October 3, 2019.</ref>
+*October 25, 2019—President Trump signed a proclamation restoring preferential trade status to Ukraine after its government took actions to satisfy U.S. intellectual property concerns, and he also removed some imports from Thailand from the program.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Zumbrun, Josh (October 25, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-restores-trade-benefit-to-ukraine-11572054398 U.S. Restores Trade Benefit to Ukraine]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
+*Axelrod, Tal (October 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/trade/467558-us-restores-trade-benefit-to-ukraine-after-delay US restores trade benefit to Ukraine after delay]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-ukraine-thailand/trump-reinstates-duty-free-trade-for-some-ukrainian-goods-suspends-it-for-some-thai-goods-idUSKBN1X42K2 Trump reinstates duty-free trade for some Ukrainian goods, suspends it for some Thai goods]. ''Reuters''. October 25, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
+*[https://www.rferl.org/a/trump-reinstates-duty-free-trade-some-ukrainian-products/30237303.html Trump Reinstates Duty-Free Trade With Ukraine On Some Items]. ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty''. October 26, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
+*Politi, James; Reed, John (October 26, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/2ba34aaa-f7d1-11e9-a354-36acbbb0d9b6 US to halt preferential treatment for $1.3bn of Thai goods]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved October 26, 2019.
+*Thebault, Reis; Lynch, David J.; Dawsey, Josh (October 25, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/10/25/white-house-restores-trade-benefits-ukraine-after-more-than-two-months-delay/ White House restores trade benefits for Ukraine after more than two months of delay]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 26, 2019.</ref> Later, on October 31, 2019, President Trump announced he would end some trade benefits for Cameroon because of alleged human rights abuses in the country.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Frazin, Rachel (October 31, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/468351-trump-moves-to-cut-trade-benefits-to-cameroon-citing-human-rights Trump moves to cut trade benefits to Cameroon, citing human rights violations]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-cameroon/trump-scraps-trade-benefits-for-cameroon-over-rights-abuses-idUSKBN1XA2TB Trump scraps trade benefits for Cameroon over rights abuses]. ''Reuters''. October 31, 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2019.</ref>
+*November 19, 2019—The U.S. International Trade Commission ruled that Chinese mattress imports hurt domestic U.S. industry, thus supporting the duties the Commerce Department had imposed.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-mattresses/trade-commission-finds-chinese-mattress-imports-hurt-u-s-industry-idUSKBN1XT2IF Trade commission finds Chinese mattress imports hurt U.S. industry]. ''Reuters''. November 19, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
+*Perry, David (November 19, 2019). [https://www.furnituretoday.com/global-sourcing/itc-finds-u-s-mattress-industry-injured-by-chinese-imports/ ITC finds U.S. mattress industry injured by Chinese imports]. ''Furniture Today''. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
+See also:
+*[https://www.law360.com/articles/1211327/us-wallops-chinese-mattresses-with-record-1-700-duty US Wallops Chinese Mattresses With Record 1,700% Duty]. ''Law360''. October 18, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/12/us-opens-anti-dumping-probe-on-chinese-mattresses-after-complaints.html US opens anti-dumping probe on Chinese mattresses after complaints]. ''CNBC'' (from ''Reuters''). October 12, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
+*Heffner, Douglas J.; Ferrin, Richard P. (September 18, 2019). [https://www.natlawreview.com/article/new-antidumping-petition-mattresses-china New Antidumping Petition on Mattresses from China]. ''The National Law Review''. Retrieved November 20, 2019.</ref> The following day, the ITC also ruled in favor of the Commerce Department's duties on aluminum wire and cable imports from China.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-aluminum/trade-commission-finds-chinese-aluminum-wire-cable-export-harms-u-s-industry-idUSKBN1XU2DX Trade commission finds Chinese aluminum wire, cable export harms U.S. industry]. ''Reuters''. November 20, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
+*[https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/11/20/business/20reuters-usa-trade-china-aluminum.html Trade Commission Finds Chinese Aluminum Wire, Cable Export Harms U.S. Industry]. ''The New York Times'' (from ''Reuters''). November 20, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
+See also:
+*[https://www.law360.com/articles/1212491/commerce-readies-duties-on-chinese-wire-cable Commerce Readies Duties On Chinese Wire, Cable]. ''Law360''. October 23, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.</ref>
+*December 2, 2019—President Trump announced the U.S. would restore steel and aluminum tariffs on Brazil and Argentina.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (December 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/12/02/trump-restores-steel-and-aluminum-tariffs-on-brazil-and-argentina/ Trump Restores Steel and Aluminum Tariffs on Brazil and Argentina]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Zumbrun, Josh; Trevisani, Paulo; Ramkumar, Amrith (December 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-restores-tariffs-on-steel-and-aluminum-shipped-from-argentina-brazil-11575288359 Trump to Levy Tariffs on Brazil, Argentina]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Kazin, Matthew; Conner, Paul (December 2, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/trump-tariffs-steel-aluminum-brazil-argentina Trump to restore tariffs on steel, aluminum from Brazil, Argentina]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Boyer, Dave (December 2, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/2/trump-to-tariff-steel-and-aluminum-from-argentina-/ Trump to 'restore' tariffs on steel and aluminum from Argentina and Brazil]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Stieber, Zachary (December 2, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-announces-tariffs-on-steel-and-aluminum-from-brazil-and-argentina_3162387.html Trump Announces Tariffs on Steel and Aluminum From Brazil and Argentina]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Akan, Emel (December 2, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/trump-announces-tariffs-on-steel-and-aluminum-from-brazil-and-argentina-2_3163044.html Trump Announces Tariffs on Steel and Aluminum From Brazil, Argentina]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Jacobson, Don (December 2, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/12/02/Trump-restores-tariffs-for-steel-and-aluminum-from-Brazil-Argentina/3071575287953/ Trump 'restores' tariffs for steel and aluminum from Brazil, Argentina]. ''UPI''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Bowden, John (December 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/472562-trump-announces-resumption-of-tariffs-on-steel-and-aluminum-from-brazil-and Trump announces resumption of tariffs on steel and aluminum from Brazil and Argentina]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Shalal, Andrea; Stargardter, Gabriel (December 2, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-trump/trump-citing-u-s-farmers-slaps-metal-tariffs-on-brazil-argentina-idUSKBN1Y614O Trump, citing U.S. farmers, slaps metal tariffs on Brazil, Argentina]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Forgey, Quint (December 2, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/02/trump-restored-tariffs-argentina-brazil-074733 Trump announces restored tariffs on Argentina, Brazil]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/02/trump-says-he-will-restore-tariffs-on-brazil-argentina-metal-imports.html Trump says he will restore tariffs on Brazil, Argentina metal imports]. ''CNBC'' (from ''Reuters''). December 2, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Murray, Brendan; Deaux, Joe (December 2, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-02/trump-to-restore-tariff-on-steel-shipped-from-brazil-argentina-k3obsetn Trump Ties Brazil, Argentina Steel Tariffs to U.S. Farm Woes]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana (December 2, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/02/business/economy/trump-tariffs-brazil-argentina-metal.html Trump Says U.S. Will Impose Metal Tariffs on Brazil and Argentina]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+See also:
+*Higgins, Sean (December 2, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/confusion-over-trump-rationale-to-impose-steel-tariffs-on-brazil-and-argentina Confusion over Trump rationale to impose steel tariffs on Brazil and Argentina]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Savarese, Mauricio; Superville, Darlene (December 2, 2019). [https://apnews.com/c3936938338d44808b958f7f372b31f9 Brazil’s Bolsonaro under fire after Trump slaps tariffs]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Davidson, Kate; Zumbrun, Josh (December 10, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-hasnt-yet-agreed-to-delay-new-tariffs-on-china-imports-says-adviser-11575999700 U.S. Steel Tariffs on Argentina, Brazil Aren’t Settled, Says Trump Adviser ]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 10, 2019.</ref><ref name="December2019Tariffs">Multiple references:
+*Lane, Sylvan (December 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/472696-trump-opens-new-front-in-trade-war-in-surprise-move Trump opens new front in trade war in surprise move]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-trump-allies/trump-hits-u-s-allies-with-new-trade-pain-in-one-day-whirlwind-idUSKBN1Y704Y Trump hits U.S. allies with new trade pain in one-day whirlwind]. ''Reuters''. December 2, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Lynch, David J.; Siegel, Rachel; McCoy, Terrence (December 3, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2019/12/02/trump-announces-tariffs-steel-aluminum-brazil-argentina/ White House opens new fronts in trade war, targeting Brazil, Argentina and France]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Rabouin, Dion (December 3, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/trump-trade-war-china-france-brazil-argentina-25e2aaee-e284-481c-85a4-0a2ed09652cd.html Trump brings the trade war back to life]. ''Axios''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+See also:
+*Donnan, Shawn (December 3, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-12-03/trade-war-latest-trump-tariffs-france-tax-china-airbus Trump Wields Tariffs Again in a Reminder How Much He Likes Them]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Everett, Burgess; Levine, Marianne (December 2, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/02/trump-conquers-republicans-on-trade-074857 Trump conquers Republicans on trade]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.</ref> On December 20, 2019, President dropped his tariff threat against Brazil.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Bender, Michael C. (December 20, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-drops-threat-to-levy-tariffs-on-brazilian-steel-and-aluminum-11576888927 Trump Drops Threat to Levy Tariffs on Brazilian Steel and Aluminum]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-steel-trade/u-s-wont-levy-threatened-tariffs-on-brazil-steel-trump-told-bolsonaro-idUSKBN1YO2EK U.S. won't levy threatened tariffs on Brazil steel, Trump told Bolsonaro]. ''Reuters''. December 20, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana; Casado, Letícia (December 21, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/21/business/brazil-trump-tariffs-steel.html Trump Backs Down From Threat to Place Tariffs on Brazilian Steel]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
+*Horsley, Scott (December 20, 2019). [https://www.npr.org/2019/12/20/790363065/trump-backtracks-on-brazil-steel-tariffs Trump Backtracks On Brazil Steel Tariffs]. ''NPR''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
+*Frazin, Rachel (December 21, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/475623-brazils-bolsonaro-says-trump-wont-pursue-steel-aluminum-tariffs Brazil's Bolsonaro says Trump won't pursue steel, aluminum tariffs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
+*[https://aluminiuminsider.com/trumps-threat-of-tariffs-on-brazilian-aluminium-and-steel-averted-after-phone-call-from-bolsonaro/ Trump’s Threat Of Tariffs On Brazilian Aluminium And Steel Averted After Phone Call From Bolsonaro]. ''Aluminium Insider''. December 23, 2019. Retrieved December 26, 2019.
+See also:
+*Samuels, Brett (December 20, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/475546-trump-talks-trade-with-brazils-bolsonaro-after-threat-of-tariffs Trump talks trade with Brazil's Bolsonaro after threat of tariffs]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref>
+*December 2, 2019—The USTR proposed imposing $2.4 billion worth in tariffs on French imports to the U.S. – with the tariff rates at 100% – in retaliation to a French digital tax.<ref name="December2019Tariffs"/><ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/12/02/u-s-considers-tariffs-on-2-4-billion-in-french-products-over-digital-tax/ U.S. Considers Tariffs on $2.4 Billion in French Products over Digital Tax]. ''Breitbart News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). December 2, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Zumbrun, Josh; Bisserbe, Noemie (December 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-proposes-tariffs-against-2-4-billion-of-french-goods-11575328674 Trump Administration Proposes Tariffs Against $2.4 Billion of French Goods]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (December 2, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-administration-proposes-tariffs-up-to-100-on-2-4b-of-french-imports-in-retaliation-for-digital-services-tax Butter, blue cheese, and sparkling wine: Trump administration proposes retaliatory tariffs on $2.4B of French imports]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Jagoda, Naomi (December 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/finance/472695-trump-administration-to-propose-tariffs-on-24b-in-french-goods Trump administration proposes tariffs on $2.4B in French goods]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Lawder, David; Shalal, Andrea (December 2, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-france/u-s-vows-100-tariffs-on-french-champagne-cheese-handbags-over-digital-tax-idUSKBN1Y62HC U.S. vows 100% tariffs on French Champagne, cheese, handbags over digital tax]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Wiseman, Paul (December 3, 2019). [https://apnews.com/4732db742e194f64bd5b4b243c067b74 Now Roquefort: US eyes tariffs on $2.4B in French imports]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Tankersley, Jim; Swanson, Ana (December 2, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/02/business/trump-tariff-france.html French Wine Could Face 100% Tariffs as Trump Confronts France Over Tech Taxes]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Saavedra, Ryan (December 2, 2019). [https://www.dailywire.com/news/breaking-trump-admin-threatens-france-with-massive-tariffs-over-digital-tax Trump Admin Threatens France With Massive Tariffs Over Digital Tax]. ''The Daily Wire''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Politi, James (December 2, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/52e4922a-1556-11ea-9ee4-11f260415385 US proposes 100% tariffs on French goods over digital tax]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/u-s-warns-of-tariffs-of-up-to-100-on-2-4-billion-in-french-imports/ U.S. warns of tariffs of up to 100% on $2.4 billion in French imports]. ''CBS News''. December 2, 2019. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Palmer, Doug (December 2, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/02/us-threatens-tariffs-on-24b-french-cheeses-other-goods-in-tax-dispute-074835 U.S. threatens tariffs on $2.4B French cheeses, other goods in tax dispute]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Basu, Zachary (December 2, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/trump-tariffs-france-760839cf-9e4e-4f50-bcd7-8dc0a9732669.html White House considering tariffs of up to 100% on $2.4B of French goods]. ''Axios''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+See also:
+*Amaro, Silvia (December 3, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/03/full-list-of-proposed-us-tariffs-on-french-goods.html Read the full list of proposed US tariffs on French goods]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Bursztynsky, Jessica (December 3, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/03/wilbur-ross-france-digital-tax-due-to-jealousy-over-us-tech-dominance.html Wilbur Ross: France digital tax rooted in ‘tremendous’ jealousy over US tech dominance]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Mack, Eric (December 2, 2019). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2019/12/02/trump-wants-big-tariffs-on-french-cheeseheres-why-his-haters-should-support-the-idea/#6d240d9a142c Trump Wants Huge Tariffs On France And His Haters Should Support The Idea]. ''Forbes''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Fordham, Evie (December 2, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/trade-france-digital-tax-us US trade officials to make big announcement on France's digital tax]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Bershidsky, Leonid (December 3, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-12-03/macron-is-paying-for-rushing-out-france-s-digital-tax There’s No First-Mover Advantage to Irritating Trump]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Coote, Darryl; Jacobson, Don (December 3, 2019). [https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/12/03/French-finance-chief-EU-would-hit-back-against-US-tariffs/9541575348453/ French finance chief: EU would 'hit back' against U.S. tariffs]. ''UPI''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Toplensky, Rochelle; Ryan, Carol (December 3, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-tariff-threats-move-from-trade-to-tax-11575383470 Trump’s Tariff Threats Move From Trade to Tax]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Higgins, Sean (December 3, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/after-threatening-tariffs-on-wine-and-cheese-trump-downplays-france-trade-rift-as-minor-dispute After threatening tariffs on wine and cheese, Trump downplays France trade rift as 'minor dispute']. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Bisserbe, Noemie; Dalton, Matthew (December 3, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/france-promises-eu-retaliation-after-u-s-trade-threats-11575366997 France Vows Retaliation as Luxury Industry Braces for U.S. Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Jagoda, Naomi; Birnbaum, Emily (December 4, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/technology/472915-trump-escalates-fight-over-tax-on-tech-giants Trump escalates fight over tax on tech giants]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
+*Gangitano, Alex (December 5, 2019). [https://thehill.com/regulation/lobbying/473121-french-wine-cheese-targeted-in-latest-trump-trade-fight French wine, cheese targeted in latest Trump trade fight]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-france-wine/french-wine-exports-squeezed-by-u-s-tariffs-minister-idUSKBN1Z61FG French wine exports squeezed by U.S. tariffs: minister]. ''Reuters''. January 7, 2020. Retrieved January 7, 2020.
+*Carney, John (January 9, 2020). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2020/01/09/carney-new-york-times-claims-tariffs-will-double-wine-prices/ Carney: New York Times Claims Tariffs Will Double Wine Prices]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 9, 2020.</ref>
+*December 10, 2019—The U.S. paralyzed the [[World Trade Organization]]'s Appellate Body by blocking appointments to the international trade court.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Street, Chriss (December 13, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/president-trump-ends-wto-dispute-resolution-court-opens-new-era-of-fair-trade_3172536.html President Trump Ends WTO Dispute Resolution Court, Opens New Era of Fair Trade]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Xiao, Bowen (December 9, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/fate-of-wtos-top-court-effectively-sealed-after-us-blocking-strategy_3169307.html Fate of WTO’s Top Court Effectively Sealed by US Blocking Strategy]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Keaten, Jamey; Wiseman, Paul (December 10, 2019). [https://apnews.com/a08cc387ff5c1af859e6f17020e29a91 World trade without rules? US shuts down WTO appeals court]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Keaten, Jamey; Wiseman, Paul (December 9, 2019). [https://apnews.com/8e0accfe7fb3fc10b97c87c2b7e00cd8 World trade without rules? US shuts down WTO appeals court]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Blenkinsop, Philip (December 10, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-wto/u-s-trade-offensive-takes-out-wto-as-global-arbiter-idUSKBN1YE0YE U.S. trade offensive takes out WTO as global arbiter]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Salmon, Felix (December 10, 2019). [https://www.axios.com/trump-vs-wto-blocked-appointments-d6eb10e6-f0a9-4c46-b801-71d9836c4c5a.html Trump vs. the WTO]. ''Axios''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Nebehay, Stephanie (December 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-wto/u-s-seals-demise-of-wto-appeals-bench-trade-officials-idUSKBN1YD1S0 U.S. seals demise of WTO appeals bench: trade officials]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Peker, Emre (December 9, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-wto-is-in-crisis-dispute-puts-global-trade-regulator-at-risk-11575889201 ‘The WTO Is in Crisis’: Dispute Puts Global Trade Regulator at Risk]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (December 9, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/34274-world-trade-organization-becomes-irrelevant-on-wednesday-thanks-to-trump World Trade Organization Becomes Irrelevant on Wednesday, Thanks to Trump]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Jan, Farah N.; Phansalkar, Megan (December 12, 2019). [https://thediplomat.com/2019/12/trumps-war-on-the-world-trade-organization/ Trump’s War on the World Trade Organization]. ''The Diplomat''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Swanson, Ana (December 8, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/08/business/trump-trade-war-wto.html Trump Cripples W.T.O. as Trade War Rages]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Johnson, Keith (December 9, 2019). [https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/09/trump-may-kill-wto-finally-appellate-body-world-trade-organization/ How Trump May Finally Kill the WTO]. ''Foreign Policy''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Jones, Callum (December 11, 2019). [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/world-trade-organisations-court-is-crippled-by-trumps-refusal-to-approve-judges-xdshbshss World Trade Organisation’s court is crippled by Trump’s refusal to approve judges]. ''The Times''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Garver, Rob (December 10, 2019). [https://www.voanews.com/economy-business/wto-suspending-its-role-arbiter-global-trade-conflicts WTO Suspending its Role as Arbiter in Global Trade Conflicts]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+Earlier articles on the matter:
+*Schlesinger, Jacob M. (November 28, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/will-the-u-s-bring-down-the-wto-11574953201 Will the U.S. Bring Down the WTO?] ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Baschuk, Bryce (November 25, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-26/trump-s-trade-threat-brings-world-to-the-edge-of-jungle-rule U.S. Presses Case to Defang the Global Economy’s Trade Referee]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Behsudi, Adam; Bermingham, Finbarr (November 20, 2019). [https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/20/world-trade-end-donald-trump-072257 The end of world trade as we know it]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Baschuk, Bryce (September 19, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-19/the-u-s-may-strike-a-fatal-blow-to-the-wto-sooner-than-expected The U.S. May Strike a Fatal Blow to the WTO Sooner Than Expected]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Baschuk, Bryce (July 26, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-26/how-a-global-trade-slump-might-soon-sink-into-chaos-quicktake What’s Next for the WTO After Sabotage by the U.S.] ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Byas, Steve (July 19, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/29575-trump-actions-may-be-forcing-eu-concessions-at-wto-but-is-it-enough Trump Actions May Be Forcing EU Concessions at WTO — But Is It Enough?] ''The New American''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+See also:
+*Bolton, John (March 7, 2017). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-trade-and-american-sovereignty-1488931180 Trump, Trade and American Sovereignty]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Nebehay, Stephanie (November 22, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-wto-trade-usa/u-s-takes-aim-at-judges-pay-in-new-attack-on-wto-system-idUSKBN1XW1ZO U.S. takes aim at judges pay in new attack on WTO system]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Hanke, Jakob (December 19, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/wto-gatt-trade-tariffs-dispute-back-to-gatt-law-of-the-jungle-returns-to-tradeland/ World trade returns to the law of the jungle]. ''Politico''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*Newman, Alex (April 23, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/markets/item/28812-trump-agrees-to-china-talks-despite-rejecting-wto-authority Trump Agrees to China Talks Despite Rejecting WTO Authority]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-wto/wto-appeals-judges-to-stay-on-to-complete-several-decisions-wto-official-idUSKBN1YG1DQ WTO appeals judges to stay on to complete several decisions: WTO official]. ''Reuters''. December 12, 2019. Retrieved December 19, 2019.</ref>
+===Proclamations, 2019===
+*July 14, 2019—President Trump proclaimed July 15 Made in America Day and the week of July 14–20 as Made in America Week.<ref>[https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2019-07-18/pdf/2019-15448.pdf Proclamation 9908 of July 14, 2019 -- Made in America Day and Made in America Week, 2019]. ''Federal Register''. July 18, 2019. Retrieved October 21, 2019.</ref>
+===Other achievements, 2019===
+While the following achievements were not official United States government policy actions by the Trump Administration, they were closely related to the Trump Administration and its policies:
+*President Trump's tariffs continued to have a positive effect on manufacturers and jobs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Tita, Bob (February 7, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/steelmakers-find-strength-to-expand-under-tariffs-11549544400 Steelmakers Find Strength to Expand Under Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
+*Stumo, Michael (February 12, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/429643-the-verdict-is-in-trumps-tariffs-are-working-bigly The verdict is in: Trump's tariffs are working 'bigly']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
+*Gibson, Thomas (February 14, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/430018-tariffs-are-fortifying-the-backbone-of-this-nation-steel Tariffs are fortifying the backbone of this nation: Steel]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
+*Binder, John (October 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/10/10/study-wins-prestigious-award-china-tariffs/ Mainstream Economists Recognize U.S. Jobs Boom from Lasting China Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
+*Ferry, Jeff (January 5, 2020). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/476807-the-trump-tariffs-keep-working-to-the-consternation-of-many-economists The Trump tariffs keep working, to the consternation of many economists]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
+See also:
+*Samuels, Brett (January 28, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/427214-trump-tariffs-have-saved-steel-industry Trump: Tariffs have 'saved' steel industry]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
+*Williams, Joe (January 29, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/industrials/u-s-steel-industry-balloons-to-record-profits-under-trump-tariffs-as-other-top-companies-suffer Steelmakers hit record profits under Trump tariffs, other industries suffer]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Gstalter, Morgan (May 14, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/443523-trump-credits-tariffs-for-rebuilding-us-steel-industry Trump credits tariffs for rebuilding US steel industry]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
+*Binder, John (June 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/06/13/restoration-hardware-plans-to-move-manufacturing-back-to-u-s/ Restoration Hardware Plans to Move Manufacturing Back to U.S.] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 14, 2019.
+*He, Cathy (June 22, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/over-600-us-companies-support-trumps-tariffs-on-china-letter_2973858.html Over 600 US Companies Support Trump’s Tariffs on China: Letter]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved June 22, 2019.</ref> In January 2019, Republic Steel announced it would reopen a steel mill in Ohio.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Binder, John (January 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/01/24/ohio-steel-mill-reopen-trumps-tariffs/ Ohio Steel Mill, Idled from Free Trade, to Reopen Thanks to Trump’s Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
+*Xiao, Bowen (January 25, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/republic-steel-to-reopen-production-in-lorain-mill_2778945.html Republic Steel to Reopen Production at Ohio Mill]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
+*Perkins, Olivera (January 23, 2019). [https://www.cleveland.com/business/2019/01/republic-steel-plans-to-reopen-lorain-mill.html Republic Steel plans to reopen Lorain mill]. ''Cleveland.com''. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
+*Payerchin, Richard (January 22, 2019). [https://www.morningjournal.com/business/republic-steel-s-lorain-mill-anticipates-production-this-year/article_eeaebdb2-1eac-11e9-a8a7-17a6ba90781f.html Republic Steel's Lorain mill anticipates production this year]. ''The Morning Journal''. Retrieved January 25, 2019.</ref> The German company Kion considered expanding its manufacturing to the U.S. to avoid American tariffs.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Binder, John (January 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/01/24/german-company-plans-american-manufacturing-expansion-to-avoid-chinese-tariffs/ German Company Plans American Manufacturing Expansion to Avoid Chinese Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
+*Trentmann, Nick (January 18, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/german-forklift-maker-kion-plans-u-s-expansion-to-avoid-china-tariffs-11547840572 German Forklift Maker Kion Plans U.S. Expansion to Avoid China Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 25, 2019.
+*Svab, Petr (January 25, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/german-forklift-maker-mulls-us-expansion-as-trump-tariffs-hit-its-china-production-report-says_2779147.html German Forklift Maker Mulls US Expansion as Trump Tariffs Hit Its China Production, Report Says]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 25, 2019.</ref> Also in January 2019, the steel company Nucor announced that because of President Trump's tariffs, it would invest $1.3 billion to build a new steel mill in the Midwest.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Binder, John (January 31, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/01/30/top-u-s-steelmaker-building-steel-mill-in-midwest-thanks-to-trumps-tariffs/ Top U.S. Steelmaker Building Steel Mill in Midwest Thanks to Trump’s Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Gurdus, Elizabeth (January 29, 2019). [https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/29/nucor-ceo-trump-tariffs-enabled-us-to-build-new-billion-dollar-plant.html Tariffs enabled top US steelmaker Nucor to build new billion-dollar plant, says CEO]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Pete, Joseph S. (January 11, 2019). [https://www.nwitimes.com/business/local/nucor-looks-to-build-new-steel-plate-mill-in-midwest/article_5c27414d-4b6e-57f2-ac2b-24b65725b087.html Nucor looks to build new steel plate mill in Midwest]. ''The Times of Northwest Indiana''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Pentchoukov, Ivan (January 7, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/nucor-to-build-new-steel-mill-in-us-adding-400-jobs_2759050.html Nucor to Build New Steel Mill in US, Adding 400 Jobs]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*Downey, John (January 7, 2019). [https://www.bizjournals.com/charlotte/news/2019/01/07/nucor-plans-1-35b-steel-plant-in-the-midwest.html Nucor plans $1.35B steel plant in the Midwest]. ''Charlotte Business Journal''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+*[https://www.foxbusiness.com/industrials/nucor-to-build-1-35b-steel-plant-in-midwest Nucor to build $1.35B steel plant in Midwest]. ''Fox Business''. January 7, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
+See also:
+*Vats, Rachit (January 29, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nucor-results/nucor-profit-jumps-on-higher-steel-tariff-strong-demand-idUSKCN1PN1RC Nucor profit jumps on higher steel tariff, strong demand]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 31, 2019.</ref> On February 11, 2019, U.S. Steel announced it would restart construction of a plant in Alabama, something the company credited President Trump's tariffs for.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (February 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/02/11/u-s-steel-firing-up-furnace-alabama-thanks-tariffs/ U.S. Steel Firing Up Furnace in Alabama, Thanks to Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
+*Tita, Bob (February 11, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-steel-to-expand-under-tariffs-11549893420 U.S. Steel to Expand Under Tariffs]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
+*Reeves, Jay (February 11, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/05b90ea409da42ab9534ce40ed9ffa48 US Steel cites Trump in resuming construction project]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
+*Isidore, Chris (February 12, 2019). [https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/12/business/us-steel-mill/index.html Tariffs prompt US Steel to restart work on Alabama mill]. ''CNN''. Retrieved February 12, 2019.</ref> In April 2019, the Russian company Rusal announced it would invest $200 million into a Braidy Industries aluminum plant, the largest such plant built in the U.S. in four decades.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Tita, Bob (April 14, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/rusal-to-back-new-u-s-aluminum-mill-the-largest-in-decades-11555290890 Rusal to Back New U.S. Aluminum Mill, the Largest in Decades]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Williams, Joe (April 14, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/industrials/russian-giant-rusal-trump-sanctions-dispute-invests-us-firm Russia’s Rusal makes $200 million Kentucky aluminum investment]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Rodrigo, Chris Mills (April 15, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/438925-russian-aluminum-maker-investing-in-kentucky-plant-months-after-sanctions-lifted Russian aluminum maker investing in Kentucky plant after sanctions lifted]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Deaux, Joe (April 14, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-15/with-sanctions-lifted-rusal-to-invest-in-kentucky-aluminum-mill With Sanctions Lifted, Rusal to Invest in U.S. Aluminum Mill]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Schreiner, Bruce (April 15, 2019). [https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/nation/2019/04/15/russian-company-invest-kentucky-aluminum-mill/39348375/ Russian company to invest in Kentucky aluminum mill]. ''The Detroit News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Glowicki, Matthew; Watkins, Morgan (April 15, 2019). [https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/2019/04/15/braidy-industries-kentucky-aluminum-mill-lands-russian-investors/3470777002/ Braidy Industries lands Russian investor for Kentucky aluminum mill]. ''The Courier-Journal''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Devitt, Polina (April 14, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-rusal-usa/russias-rusal-lands-first-u-s-investment-since-sanctions-lifted-idUSKCN1RR09V Russia's Rusal lands first U.S. investment since sanctions lifted]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
+*Hume, Neil (April 15, 2019). [https://www.ft.com/content/199925f6-5f46-11e9-b285-3acd5d43599e Russia’s Rusal plots first US investment since sanctions lifted]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved April 17, 2019.</ref> On May 2, 2019, U.S. Steel announced it would invest over $1 billion in its plants near Pittsburgh.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Tita, Bob (May 2, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-steel-to-invest-1-2-billion-at-pennsylvania-mills-11556823367 U.S. Steel to Invest $1.2 Billion at Pennsylvania Mills]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
+*Binder, John (May 2, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/02/us-steel-tariffs-help-clean-environment-pennsylvania/ U.S. Steel Tariffs Helping to Clean Up the Environment in Pennsylvania]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
+*Xiao, Bowen (May 3, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-steel-corp-to-pour-1-billion-into-pennsylvania-operations_2905182.html US Steel Corp to Pour $1 Billion Into Pennsylvania Operations]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
+*Moore, Daniel (May 2, 2019). [https://www.post-gazette.com/business/career-workplace/2019/05/02/U-S-Steel-to-spend-1-billion-on-Mon-Valley-Works/stories/201905020023 U.S. Steel to spend $1 billion on Mon Valley Works]. ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
+*Pete, Joseph S. (May 3, 2019). [https://www.nwitimes.com/business/local/u-s-steel-to-invest-billion-in-mon-valley-works/article_e20e3665-cd07-5313-a8e4-27cf50f08e69.html U.S. Steel to invest $1 billion in Mon Valley Works]. ''The Times of Northwest Indiana''. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
+*Jusko, Jill (May 3, 2019). [https://www.industryweek.com/leadership/us-steel-announces-12-billion-investment-mon-valley-works US Steel Announces $1.2 Billion Investment at Mon Valley Works]. ''IndustryWeek''. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
+*[https://www.apnews.com/7808476af5c04788a05c552851973195 US Steel plows $1B into western Pennsylvania operations]. ''Associated Press''. May 3, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
+*[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/may/2/us-steel-plows-1b-into-western-pennsylvania-operat/ U.S. Steel plows $1B into western Pennsylvania operations]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2019.
+See also:
+*Higgins, Sean (May 2, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-takes-credit-for-1-billion-us-steel-investment Trump takes credit for $1 billion US Steel investment]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 3, 2019.</ref> The U.S. economy continued performing well with President Trump's tariffs in place.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Carney, John (February 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/02/13/tariffsarenottaxingconsumers/ Tame Inflation Shows Tariffs Are Not Taxing American Consumers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
+*Carney, John (March 5, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/03/05/carney-flawed-study-used-claim-trade-war-hurts-u-s/ Carney: Flawed Study Used to Claim Trade War Hurts the U.S.] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 5, 2019.
+*Carney, John (March 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/03/12/tariffsnotraisingconsumerprices/ One Year After Metals Tariffs: Still Not Pushing Consumer Prices Up]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
+*Carney, John (March 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/03/13/autopricesup1percent/ Auto Prices Up Just 1 Percent From a Year Ago Despite Steel Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
+*Carney, John (March 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/03/17/carney-durable-goods-manufacturing-job-openings-up-17-despite-steel-and-aluminum-tariffs/ Carney: Durable Goods Manufacturing Job Openings Up 17% Despite Steel and Aluminum Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
+*Carney, John (March 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/03/28/joblesslciams/ Carney: One Year After Steel and Aluminum Tariffs, Still No Signs Tariffs Hurt U.S. Workers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
+*Carney, John (April 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/04/10/inflationshowstariffsarenotraisingprices/ Inflation Data Once Again Crushes Tariffmageddon Fearmongering]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
+*Carney, John (May 9, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/09/the-tariff-scare-narrative-has-collapsed-latest-price-data-show-no-inflation/ The Tariff Scare Narrative Has Collapsed–Latest Price Data Show No Inflation]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
+*Carney, John (May 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/10/cpi_and_tariffs/ Tariffs Hit Steel and Aluminum Over a Year Ago and They Haven’t Boosted Consumer Prices]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Carney, John (May 16, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/16/weekly-jobless-claims-plunge-to-212000/ Weekly Jobless Claims Fell by More Than Expected As Trade War Escalated]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 16, 2019.
+*Carney, John (May 24, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/24/fed-china-tariff-study/ Carney: The Fed Blew Its Tariff Study by Assuming a Free Market in China]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
+*Carney, John (May 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/28/consumer-confidence-soared-in-may-unshaken-by-trade-war-escalation/ Consumer Confidence Soared in May, Unshaken by Trade War Escalation]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
+*Carney, John (May 31, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/05/31/low-inflation-shows-tariffs-have-not-hurt-u-s-consumers/ Low Inflation Shows Tariffs Have Not Hurt U.S. Consumers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
+*Carney, John (June 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/06/11/tariffs-producer-price-index/ Trump is Right: Tariffs Are Not Raising Consumer Prices]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
+*Carney, John (June 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/06/11/mick-mulvaney-tariffs-have-not-raised-consumer-prices/ Mick Mulvaney: Tariffs Have Not Raised Consumer Prices]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
+*Carney, John (June 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/06/11/mick-mulvaney-tariffs-have-not-raised-consumer-prices/ Mick Mulvaney: Tariffs Have Not Raised Consumer Prices]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
+*Carney, John (June 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/06/12/cpi-shows-tariffs-are-not-raising-prices/ The Latest Round of Tariffs Hikes Did Not Raise Consumer Prices]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
+*Carney, John (June 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/06/13/fed-tariff-study/ Carney: How the Fed Messed Up Its Tariff Study]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
+*Langford, James (July 5, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/business/surge-in-manufacturing-jobs-eases-trade-war-worries Surge in manufacturing jobs eases trade-war worries]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
+*Casselman, Ben (July 5, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/05/business/economy/june-jobs-report.html Strong Jobs Report Eases Fears of Damage From Trade War]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
+*Carney, John (July 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/07/11/no-tariff-led-inflation/ No Tariff-Led Inflation in June Prices]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
+*Carney, John (July 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/07/12/trump-tariff-ppi/ Prices of Goods in the U.S. Did Not Rise At All Despite China Tariff Hike]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 12, 2019.
+*Carney, John (July 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/07/17/federal-reserve-businesses-are-not-passing-on-cost-of-tariffs-or-higher-wages/ Federal Reserve: Businesses Are Not Passing Along Costs of Tariffs or Higher Wages]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
+*Carney, John (August 6, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/08/06/job-openings-remained-strong-amid-trade-war-escalation-in-june/ Job Openings Remained Strong Amid Trade War Escalation in June]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 6, 2019.
+*Carney, John (August 8, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/08/08/american-farmer-support-trump-rises-chinas-tactics/ American Farmer Support for Trump Rises Despite China’s Tactics]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 8, 2019.
+*Carney, John (August 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/08/13/tariffmageddon-narrative-fail-consumers-still-not-hurt-by-tariffs/ Tariffmageddon Narrative Fail: Consumers Still Not Hurt by Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
+*Carney, John (August 18, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/08/18/manufacturers-tariffs-empire-state/ Most New York Manufacturers Report Slight or No Tariff Price Pressures]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
+*Mutikani, Lucia (August 27, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-economy/u-s-consumer-confidence-falls-but-only-slightly-despite-trade-fight-idUSKCN1VH1ZB U.S. consumer confidence falls but only slightly despite trade fight]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
+*Street, Chriss (September 5, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-farm-profits-hit-5-year-high-on-china-trade-war-payments_3070045.html US Farm Profits Hit 5-Year High on China Trade War Payments]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
+*Peek, Liz (September 6, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/finance/460208-farmers-prosper-in-spite-of-trumps-trade-battle-with-china Farmers prosper in spite of Trump's trade battle with China]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
+*Carney, John (September 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/09/11/producer-price-index-shows-goods-prices-falling-margins-improving-despite-higher-tariffs/ Producer Price Index Shows Goods Prices Falling, Margins Improving, Despite Higher Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
+*Carney, John (September 12, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/09/12/cpi/ August Consumer Price Data Show No Tariffs Pressure At All]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
+*Ramkumar, Amrith (September 15, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/resilient-u-s-growth-propels-stocks-as-trade-fears-ease-11568539802 Resilient U.S. Growth Propels Stocks as Trade Fears Ease]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
+*Adelmann, Bob (September 17, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/economics/item/33433-npr-shops-at-walmart-to-learn-cost-of-trump-s-tariffs-gets-big-surprise NPR Shops at Walmart to Learn Cost of Trump’s Tariffs, Gets Big Surprise]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
+*Carney, John (October 8, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/10/08/no-tariff-inflation/ Producer Prices Defy Predictions of Tariff-Led Inflation]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
+*Carney, John (October 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/10/10/cpi-tariffs/ It Looks Like China Tariffs Raised the Price of Something]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
+*Street, Chriss (November 4, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/chinas-trade-war-retaliation-against-trumps-rural-base-boomerangs_3136626.html China’s Trade War Retaliation Against Trump’s Rural Base Boomerangs]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
+*Carney, John (November 13, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/11/13/china-tariffs-bicycles/ China Tariffs Have Made Bicycles More Expensive But Not Much Else]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
+*Carney, John (November 14, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/11/14/october-ppi/ U.S. Economy Shows No Strains from China Tariffs]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
+*Quinn, Melissa (November 14, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/trump-walmart-unaffected-by-tariffs Trump: Walmart unaffected by tariffs]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
+*Carney, John (November 15, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/11/15/prices-of-foreign-goods-plunges-for-u-s-consumers/ Prices of Foreign Goods Plunge for U.S. Consumers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
+*Carney, John (November 25, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/11/25/carney-fed-economists-finally-admit-tariff-may-not-squeeze-u-s-consumers/ Carney: Fed Economists Finally Admit Tariffs May Not Squeeze U.S. Consumers]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 25, 2019.
+*Crutsinger, Martin (November 30, 2019). [https://apnews.com/17c1023b42894f6caed3da623cb50918 US economy looking durable despite risks from trade conflict]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
+*Bose, Nandita (November 27, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-holidayshopping-prices-analysis/top-u-s-retailers-absorb-tariff-pressure-ahead-of-holiday-shopping-season-idUSKBN1Y12CI Top U.S. retailers absorb tariff pressure ahead of holiday shopping season]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
+*Crutsinger, Martin (November 27, 2019). [https://apnews.com/e97a47a495214d07832a52b1baef8278 Fed survey finds US economy expanding despite trade fallout]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
+*Carney, John (December 11, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2019/12/11/low-inflation-christmas/ Christmas Miracle: Rising Wages and Low Inflation Promise a Very Merry Holiday Season]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 17, 2019.
+*Zumbrun, Josh; DeBarros, Anthony (January 12, 2020). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/trade-war-with-china-took-toll-on-u-s-but-not-big-one-11578832381 Trade War With China Took Toll on U.S., but Not Big One]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 12, 2020.
+*Carney, John (January 12, 2020). [https://www.breitbart.com/economy/2020/01/12/the-wall-street-journal-admits-u-s-economy-sailed-through-trade-war-with-barely-a-scratch/ The Wall Street Journal Admits U.S. Economy Sailed Through Trade War with ‘Barely a Scratch’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.</ref>
+*March 1, 2019—In a U.S. Trade Representative report, the Trump Administration asserted U.S. sovereignty over international organizations such as the [[World Trade Organization]], stating that "the United States remains an independent nation, and our trade policy will be made here – not in Geneva."<ref>Lawder, David; Alper, Alexandria (March 1, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china/u-s-says-rejects-wtos-straitjacket-of-trade-obligations-idUSKCN1QJ01R U.S. says rejects WTO's 'straitjacket' of trade obligations]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved March 2, 2019.<br>See also:
+*Higgins, Sean (April 9, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/us-robert-lightizer-chalk-up-win-in-challenge-to-world-trade-organization-rulings US, Robert Lightizer chalk up win in challenge to World Trade Organization rulings]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved April 9, 2019.</ref>
+*April 1, 2019—China's government announced it would end loopholes in its fentanyl laws, something advocated by the Trump Administration.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Dou, Eva (April 1, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-closes-loophole-in-fentanyl-rules-11554112953 China Closes Loophole in Fentanyl Rules]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
+*Kew, Ben (April 1, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/04/01/china-heeds-trumps-demands-will-start-regulating-fentanyl-distribution/ China Heeds Trump’s Demands, Will Start Regulating Fentanyl Distribution]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
+*Rodrigo, Chris Mills (April 1, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/china/436681-china-says-us-concerns-about-fentanyl-controls-resolved-after China says US concerns about fentanyl controls 'resolved' after promise to Trump]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
+*Myers, Steven Lee; Goodnough, Abby (April 1, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/01/world/asia/china-bans-fentanyl-trump.html China Bans All Types of Fentanyl, Cutting Supply of Deadly Drug to U.S. and Fulfilling Pledge to Trump]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (April 1, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/apr/1/china-moves-crack-down-all-forms-fentanyl/ China moves to crack down on all forms of fentanyl]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
+*McNeil, Sam; Kinetz, Erika (April 1, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/apr/1/china-changes-all-fentanyl-varieties-to-controlled/ China to regulate all fentanyl drugs as controlled substance]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved April 8, 2019.
+*Ingber, Sasha (April 1, 2019). [https://www.npr.org/2019/04/01/708801717/china-to-close-loophole-on-fentanyl-after-u-s-calls-for-opioid-action China To Close Loophole On Fentanyl After U.S. Calls For Opioid Action]. ''NPR''. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
+*[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fentanyl-china-to-ban-opioids-related-drug-blamed-most-us-overdose-deaths/ Fentanyl ban in China to expand to all drugs related to the killer synthetic opioid]. ''CBS News''. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
+*Martina, Michael (March 31, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-fentanyl/u-s-welcomes-chinas-expanded-clampdown-on-fentanyl-idUSKCN1RD137 U.S. welcomes China's expanded clampdown on fentanyl]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
+*Shih, Gary (April 1, 2019). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/china-offers-broad-opioid-curbs-promised-to-trump/2019/04/01/e5062716-5456-11e9-a047-748657a0a9d1_story.html China offers broad opioid curbs promised to Trump]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
+See also:
+*Binder, John (April 8, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/04/08/exclusive-sheriff-john-layton-trump-securing-chinas-ban-on-fentanyl-a-win-for-america/ Exclusive–Sheriff John Layton: Trump Securing China’s Ban on Fentanyl A ‘Win for America’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
+*Landay, Jonathan (May 9, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-fentanyl/trade-frictions-raise-questions-about-chinas-fentanyl-promise-idUSKCN1SF2GK Trade frictions raise questions about China's fentanyl promise]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/us-security-experts-raise-questions-about-chinas-fentanyl-promise_2916293.html US Security Experts Raise Questions About China’s Fentanyl Promise]. ''The Epoch Times'' (from ''Reuters''). May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.
+*Llorente, Elizabeth (May 17, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/health/exclusive-u-s-drug-czar-plans-to-travel-to-china-to-press-for-government-to-stop-fentanyl-trade Exclusive: U.S. drug czar to travel to China to press government to stop fentanyl trafficking]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 17, 2019.
+*Street, Chriss (August 18, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/fentanyl-flowing-into-us-overwhelmingly-sourced-from-china_3046451.html Fentanyl Flowing into US Overwhelmingly Sourced from China]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
+*Fickling, David (August 28, 2019). [https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-08-28/trump-isn-t-taking-credit-for-curbing-opioid-shipments-from-china Trump's Opioid Deal Has Been a Big Success]. ''Bloomberg''. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
+*Limitone, Julia (September 12, 2019). [https://www.foxbusiness.com/politics/china-fentanyl-into-us China fentanyl into US isn't slowing down: Peter Navarro]. ''Fox Business''. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
+*Gesiotto, Madison (September 16, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/international/461636-trump-is-winning-the-war-on-dangerous-drugs-from-china Trump is winning the war on dangerous drugs from China]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (September 21, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/sep/21/white-house-drug-czar-jim-carroll-press-china-fent/ White House drug czar to press China on fentanyl during Beijing trip]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
+*Mordock, Jeff (September 24, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/sep/24/fentanyl-flows-china-despite-trump-trade-war-xi-cr/ Fentanyl flows from China despite Trump trade war, Xi crackdown vow]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 24, 2019.
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-drugs/u-s-official-believes-china-is-committed-to-curbing-fentanyl-idUSKBN1WB08A U.S. official believes China is 'committed' to curbing fentanyl]. ''Reuters''. September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (September 27, 2019). [https://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/sep/27/james-carroll-drug-czar-convinced-china-to-crack-d/ White House: Drug czar convinced China to crack down on fentanyl, cooperate with U.S.] ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
+*Corke, Kevin (October 1, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-drug-czar-china-fentanyl-opioid-crackdown Trump's drug czar says US urging China to crack down on fentanyl, other dangerous drugs]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 1, 2019.
+*Holl, Daniel (October 15, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/fentanyl-china-and-the-american-chemical-war_3113400.html Fentanyl, China, and The American Chemical War]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
+*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-very-publicly-sentences-fentanyl-traffickers-to-prison-11573110550 China Very Publicly Sentences Fentanyl Traffickers to Prison]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. November 7, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
+*Kinetz, Erika (November 7, 2019). [https://apnews.com/d9f72c1ae83e49f38b81ae0456ab4c8c China sentences fentanyl traffickers after US tip about ring]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
+*Wu, Huizhong (November 6, 2019). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-fentanyl/in-joint-case-with-u-s-china-jails-nine-fentanyl-smugglers-idUSKBN1XH0BI In joint case with U.S., China jails nine fentanyl smugglers]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
+*Budryk, Zack (November 7, 2019). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/china/469382-china-sentences-9-people-for-fentanyl-trafficking China sentences 9 people for fentanyl trafficking]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
+*Boyer, Dave (November 7, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/nov/7/white-house-praises-chinas-crackdown-on-opioid-rin/ White House praises China's crackdown on opioid ring]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
+*Madden, Nate (November 7, 2019). [https://www.conservativereview.com/news/wh-praises-china-sentencing-9-members-fentanyl-trafficking-ring/ WH praises China for sentencing 9 members of a fentanyl trafficking ring]. ''Conservative Review''. Retrieved November 7, 2019.
+*Howell, Tom (December 26, 2019). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/26/chinese-fentanyl-us-crosshairs-dea-safeguards-set-/ 'World's largest drug dealer': U.S. set to sanction China over fentanyl scourge]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref>
+*As a result of a Chinese ban on paper and plastic scraps, investment significantly increased for American plants processing recyclable items.<ref>Esch, Mary (May 18, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/3d3d86a09b9647b795295e77355877db China’s ban on scrap imports a boon to US recycling plants]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 18, 2019.</ref>
+===Setbacks, 2019===
+The following setbacks to the MAGA agenda were often caused by Congress or officials in the Trump Administration, rather than President Trump himself. Some of them can also be considered partial achievements.
+*President Trump's appointees to the [[Federal Trade Commission]] worked against his pro-American trade agenda.<ref>Binder, John (April 22, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/04/22/trump-appointees-defy-buy-american-order-protect-chinese-manufacturing/ Trump Appointees Defy ‘Buy American’ Order, Protect Chinese Manufacturing]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 22, 2019.<br>See also:
+*Karni, Annie (April 17, 2019). [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/17/us/politics/made-in-america-ftc-trump.html On ‘Made in America,’ Trump’s F.T.C. Appointees May Be Out of Step With Him]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved April 22, 2019.</ref>
+==2020==
+Despite false attacks from avowed [[globalists]],<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/01/20/globalist-gary-cohn-falsely-claims-tariffs-on-china-totally-hurt-u-s/ Globalist Gary Cohn Falsely Claims Tariffs on China ‘Totally Hurt’ U.S.]</ref> President Trump continued pursuing conservative trade policies in 2020.<ref>Multiple references:
+*Palmer, Doug (January 6, 2020). [https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/06/trump-2020-trade-vision-094746 Trump's 2020 trade vision: More disruption]. ''Politico''. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
+*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2020/01/14/trumps-tough-stance-unfair-trade-brings-eu-negotiating-table/ Trump’s Tough Stance on Unfair Trade Forces EU to Negotiating Table]. ''Breitbart News'' (from ''AFP''). January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
+See also:
+*Navarro, Peter (January 13, 2020). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/give-trumps-tariffs-a-fair-test-11578955956 Give Trump’s Tariffs a Fair Test]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
+*Higgins, Sean (January 14, 2020). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/trump-economic-adviser-says-economy-is-proving-tariff-critics-wrong Trump economic adviser says economy is proving tariff critics wrong]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved January 14, 2020.</ref> He also continued making strong statements on trade issues.<ref>Garcia, Victor (January 10, 2020). [https://www.foxnews.com/media/president-trump-reagan-was-not-good-on-trade Trump: 'As much as I like Reagan, he was not good on trade']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 10, 2020.</ref> As [[liberal denial]]ists claimed that the trade war hurt America, it was reported in mid-January that [[China]]'s annual [[GDP]] growth fell to a three decade-low while America had continued prospering economically (prior to the [[CCP pandemic]]).<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/16/economy/china-economy-trade/index.html China just reported its weakest annual growth in 29 years]
+*[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51144892 China's economic growth hits 30-year low]
+*[https://thehill.com/policy/finance/economy/478730-china-sees-weakest-growth-in-29-years-amid-trade-war-with-us China sees weakest growth in 29 years amid trade war with US]
+*[https://www.westernjournal.com/trump-trade-war-works-us-economy-sizzles-china-sees-weakest-growth-29-years/ Trump Trade War Works as US Economy Sizzles & China Sees Weakest Growth in 29 Years]</ref>
+===Executive actions, 2020===
+*January 15, 2020—The [[United States]] and [[China]] signed a landmark trade deal that would ease tensions created in the long-lasting trade war and boost the U.S. economy by increasing exports to China.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/us-china-sign-historic-trade-deal US, China sign historic phase one trade deal]
+*[https://www.npr.org/2020/01/15/796305300/trump-to-sign-phase-one-china-trade-deal-but-most-tariffs-remain-in-place Trump Signs 'Phase 1' China Trade Deal, But Most Tariffs Remain In Place]
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/15/trump-and-china-sign-phase-one-trade-agreement.html Trump signs ‘phase one’ trade deal with China in push to stop economic conflict]</ref>
+*July 10, 2020—After [[France]] taxed U.S. tech companies, The [[Trump Administration]] imposed a 25% tariff on French products worth over 1 billion dollars.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.euronews.com/2020/07/10/us-imposes-25-tariffs-on-1-1-billion-worth-of-french-goods US imposes 25% tariffs on €1.1 billion worth of French goods]
+*[https://thehill.com/policy/finance/506843-trump-administration-to-impose-tariffs-on-french-products-over-digital-tax Trump administration to impose tariffs on French products in response to digital tax]
+*[https://www.rt.com/business/494456-trump-france-tariffs-digital-tax/ An offer you can't refuse? Trump slaps France with 25% tariffs, but gives it 180 days to ‘rethink’ taxing Apple, Google & others]
+*[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-admin-25-percent-tariff-french-goods Trump administration announces 25 percent tariff on $1.3B in French handbags, cosmetics, other goods]</ref>
+===Proclamations, 2020===
+*January 24, 2020—With exceptions for some countries, President Trump signed a proclamation expanding tariffs on importations of steel and aluminum products.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-adjusting-imports-derivative-aluminum-articles-derivative-steel-articles-united-states/ Proclamation on Adjusting Imports of Derivative Aluminum Articles and Derivative Steel Articles into the United States]
+*[https://thehill.com/policy/finance/479881-trump-expands-tariffs-on-steel-and-aluminum-imports Trump expands tariffs on steel and aluminum imports]
+*[https://nypost.com/2020/01/25/trump-slaps-new-tariffs-on-foreign-products-made-with-steel-aluminum/ Trump slaps new tariffs on foreign products made with steel, aluminum]</ref>
+*August 6, 2020—[[President Trump]] signed a proclamation to re-impose aluminum tariffs on [[Canada]].<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/510941-trump-to-reimpose-aluminum-tariffs-on-canada Trump to reimpose aluminum tariffs on Canada]
+*[https://www.metro.us/trump-reimposes-tariffs-on/ Trump reimposes tariffs on raw Canadian aluminum, Canada promises retaliation]
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/06/trump-says-he-signed-order-reimposing-10percent-aluminum-tariffs-on-canada.html Trump says he signed order reimposing 10% aluminum tariffs on Canada]
+*[https://nypost.com/2020/08/07/trump-reimposes-10-percent-tariff-on-canadian-aluminum/ Trump reimposes 10 percent tariff on Canadian aluminum]</ref>
+*August 28, 2020—President Trump signed a proclamation to cut steel imports from [[Brazil]] amidst a slump in the U.S. [[steel industry]] caused by the [[CCP pandemic]].<ref>Two references:
+*[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-adjusting-imports-steel-united-states-082920/ Proclamation on Adjusting Imports of Steel into the United States]
+*[https://finance.yahoo.com/news/trump-announces-cut-2020-quota-040750802.html Trump Announces Cut to 2020 Steel Import Quota From Brazil]</ref>
+===Other achievements, 2020===
+*January/February 2020—Following continuous tariffs on China, it was reported that the U.S. trade deficit fell in 2019 for the first time since 2013.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/07/reuters-america-u-s-trade-deficit-drops-to-more-than-three-year-low.html U.S. trade deficit drops to more than three-year low]
+*[https://www.westernjournal.com/ap-us-trade-deficit-drops-1-7-last-year-616-8-billion/ US Trade Deficit Drops for First Time in Six Years as Trump Piles Tariffs on China]
+*[https://www.usnews.com/news/economy/articles/2020-02-05/trade-deficit-moves-in-the-right-direction-for-the-wrong-reasons Trade Deficit Moves in the Right Direction for the Wrong Reasons]
+*[https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2020/02/05/u-s-trade-deficit-with-china-dropped-nearly-18-in-2019/ U.S. Trade Deficit With China Dropped Nearly 18% in 2019]</ref>
+*April 12, 2020—Following a historic [[OPEC]] deal that cut global petroleum output,<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.newsmax.com/politics/opec-trump-american-jjobs/2020/04/12/id/962523/ Trump: 'Great' OPEC+ Deal Will Save US Jobs]
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/13/opec-cut-is-trumps-biggest-and-most-complex-deal-ever-dan-yergin.html OPEC and allies’ oil production cut is Trump’s ‘biggest and most complex’ deal ever: Dan Yergin]
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/15/oil-prices-may-now-be-at-a-bottom-after-historic-opec-deal-us-energy-secretary-says.html Oil prices may now be at a bottom after historic OPEC deal, US energy secretary says]</ref> U.S. oil prices significantly dropped towards the benefit of consumers.<ref>[https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/commodities/cl%3anmx Crude Oil (CL:NMX)]</ref>
+*April 14, 2020—Compared to the year previous, the [[U.S.]] was able to export to [[China]] twice as many [[soybeans]] and six times as much [[pork]].<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202004/15/WS5e9644bca3105d50a3d16344.html China imports more US farm products]
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/14/china-buys-more-us-farm-products-amid-plunge-in-trade.html China buys more US farm products amid plunge in trade]
+*[https://www.thestar.com.my/news/regional/2020/04/15/china-imports-more-us-farm-products China imports more US farm product]</ref>
+*April 18, 2020—It was reported that the U.S. [[trade deficit]] had continued dropping, decreasing by 13% from the same period the previous year.<ref>[https://thehill.com/opinion/international/493397-congratulations-the-trade-deficit-dream-came-true Congratulations! The trade deficit dream came true]</ref>
+*May 6, 2020—It was reported that the [[United States]] had exported a record amount of pork to China in the months previous.<ref>Two references:
+*[https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/coronavirus-pork-exports-china-meat-shortage US pork exports to China skyrocketed before fears of meat shortage]
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-trade-pork-idUSKBN231093 China's pork imports in April jump 170% to record high]</ref>
+*June 9, 2020—U.S. exports to [[China]] had continued to surge in April following the latter's re-opening of its economy.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://finance.townhall.com/columnists/politicalcalculations/2020/06/09/us-exports-to-china-jump-after-china-reopens-economy-n2570323 U.S. Exports To China Jump After China Reopens Economy]
+*[https://seekingalpha.com/article/4352776-u-s-exports-to-china-jump-after-china-reopens-economy U.S. Exports To China Jump After China Reopens Economy]
+*[https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-usa-pork-braun/column-record-us-pork-exports-to-china-in-april-but-measly-volume-to-others-idUKKBN23G12O Column: Record U.S. pork exports to China in April, but measly volume to others]</ref>
+*June 26, 2020—Several European countries partially conceded over imposing a potential digital tax on the U.S. after the latter threatened to slap tariffs.<ref>Two references:
+*[https://www.medianama.com/2020/06/223-european-countries-concede-to-american-demands-over-digital-tax/ European countries concede to American demands over digital tax: Report]
+*[https://thehill.com/policy/technology/504731-european-nations-offer-limit-on-digital-tax-after-us-tariff-threat European nations offer limit on digital tax after US tariff threat]</ref>
+*July 27, 2020—The European plan to tax U.S. tech companies fell apart.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/27/europe-digital-tax-382309 EU effort to tax tech giants falters under pressure from U.S.]</ref>
+*August 5, 2020—It was reported that amidst a record increase in U.S. exports, the trade deficit fell by 7.5% in June 2020 to $50.7 billion.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/us-trade-deficit-drops-in-june-on-record-rise-in-exports/story-Q6BYblz6NBvXZeUo5wjAnN.html US trade deficit drops in June on record rise in exports]
+*[https://apnews.com/06bffa9fa4aeec85c3086009485be89e US trade deficit drops 7.5% to $50.7 billion in June]
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/video/2020/08/05/us-trade-deficit-drops-7-point-5-percent-to-50-point-7-billion-in-june.html?&qsearchterm=trade%20deficit US trade deficit drops 7.5% to $50.7 billion in June]</ref>
+*August 21, 2020—The U.S. and [[EU]] reached a trade agreement where the latter would end their tariffs against the American lobster industry.<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53870136 US wins end of EU lobster tariffs in mini trade deal]
+*[https://thehill.com/policy/finance/513138-us-trade-deal-with-eu-a-boon-for-lobster-industry-struggling-under-china US trade deal with EU a boon for lobster industry struggling under China tariffs]
+*[https://apnews.com/17c7e0c649762d058b5b6d432c00451e EU agrees to cut taxes on US lobsters in modest trade pact]
+*[https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/24/deal-over-american-lobster-helps-to-ease-us-eu-trade-tensions.html Deal over American lobster helps to ease U.S.-EU trade tensions]
+*[https://www.pressherald.com/2020/08/25/lobster-industry-cheers-eu-trade-deal/ Lobster industry cheers trade deal that would lift EU tariffs]</ref>
+===Debatable, 2020===
+*January 29, 2020—[[President Trump]] signed into law the [[United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement]] (commonly referred to as the [[USMCA]]) to replace the [[globalist]] [[NAFTA]].<ref>Multiple references:
+*[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-usmca-idUSKBN1ZS0I5 Trump signs USMCA, 'ending the NAFTA nightmare'; key Democrats not invited]
+*[https://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/trump-signs-usmca-trade-deal-replace-nightmare-nafta-n1125526 Trump signs USMCA trade deal to replace 'nightmare NAFTA']
+*[https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/nafta-replaced-trump-signs-usmca-trade-deal-with-canada-and-mexico NAFTA replaced: Trump signs USMCA trade deal with Canada and Mexico]
+*[https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/29/trump-signs-usmca-into-law-108803 Trump shuns Democrats as he signs bipartisan USMCA]
+*[https://dailycaller.com/2020/01/29/trump-signs-usmca-mexico-canada-trade-deal/ Trump Signs USMCA Trade Deal At The White House]
+*[https://www.nationalreview.com/news/trump-signs-usmca-trade-deal/ Trump Signs USMCA Trade Deal]</ref> However, this agreement marked only partial success of Trump's North American trade agenda. While it fixed some of the issues that had led to trade imbalances under NAFTA, it failed to curb back supranational bureaucratic oversight in any significant way. In fact, in some areas it even expanded said oversight, including on matters related to immigration.<ref>https://thenewamerican.com/five-reasons-to-oppose-the-now-introduced-usmca-implementation-act/</ref>
 ==References==
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 {{Donald Trump achievements}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Trade policy}}
-[[Category:Donald Trump achievements]]
+[[Category:Donald Trump Achievements]]