Difference between revisions of "Creationism"

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Creationism is the belief that the Earth and everything in it was created by [[God]] or some other supreme being. Those that hold the views of ''Creationism'' are referred to as ''Creationists''.<ref>"creationist." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. 21 Mar. 2007. <Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/creationist>.</ref>  
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{{Christianity}}
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Young earth [[creationism|creationists]] scientists also believe that the [[First Law of Thermodynamics|first law of thermodynamics]] and [[Second law of thermodynamics|second law of thermodynamics]] argue against an eternal universe and they also claim that these laws point to the universe being supernaturally created. <ref>[http://godevidences.net/space/lawsofscience.php Evidences for God From Space&mdash;Laws of Science]</ref><ref>Thompson, Bert, [http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2329 So Long, Eternal Universe; Hello Beginning, Hello End!], 2001 (Apologetics Press)</ref><ref>http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/AstroPhysicalSciences14.html</ref>
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[[Image:Michelangelo creation-of-sun-and-moon.jpg|alt=creationism|right|thumb|251px|[[Michelangelo|Michelangelo's]] painting of the [[creation]] of the [[Sun]] and [[Moon]].]]
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'''Creationism''' is the majority belief that the [[earth]] and [[universe]] were created by [[God]]. Creationism rejects [[atheist]]s' belief that the universe was not created by God.<ref>[https://creation.com/15-questions 15 questions for evolutionists - Question 15 deals with the idea that evolution is a religion]</ref> The vast majority of Christians and Christian leaders throughout history have accepted [[Bible|biblical]] creation,<ref name="Turpin"/> and most other major religions fully accept creationism also.  '''''Accepting creationism helps strengthen [[faith]], and thereby overcome [[addiction]] and [[anxiety]]'''''. Unbiased science supports creationism.
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Within creationism, there are various ideas. [[Young Earth Creationism]] is the "''Belief in the literal interpretation of the account of the creation of the universe and of all living things related in the Bible''."<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/creationism American Heritage Dictionary]</ref> [[Old Earth Creationism]] agrees with Young Earth Creationism that God creating the universe, the [[Earth]] and all forms of life; but asserts that God took more time than the Bible literally states.
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[[Bible|Biblical]] creationism is primarily based on: the compelling testimony provided by [[Argument from beauty|God's wondrous creation]]; the [[Bible history|historical]] and [[Bible prophecy|prophetic]] evidence supporting the [[Bible]]; religious belief and on the [[science|scientific]] evidence provided through [[creation science]].
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Biblical creationism, which includes the idea that man is created in the image of God, has profoundly affected [[Western Civilization]] in a positive way. Some of the areas Western culture has benefited include human rights and law, ethics and morality, economics, science, and the arts (see also: [[Christianity and science]] and [[Social effects of the theory of evolution]]).<ref>
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*[https://creation.com/man-the-image-of-god Man: The Image of God]
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*[https://creation.com/morals-decline-linked-to-belief-in-evolution Morals decline linked to belief in evolution]
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*[https://creation.com/morality-and-ethics-questions-and-answers Morality and ethics - Creationism vs. evolutionism]
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*[https://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j19_2/j19_2_67-73.pdf The Christian foundations of the rule of law in the West: a legacy of liberty and resistance against tyranny]
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*[https://creation.com/marxism-law-and-evolution Marxism, law and evolution]
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*[https://creation.com/evolutionary-legal-theories Evolutionary legal theories—the impact of Darwinism on western conceptions of law]
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*[https://creation.com/darwins-critical-influence-on-the-ruthless-extremes-of-capitalism Darwin's influence on the ruthless extremes of capitalism]
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*[https://creation.com/christianity-islam-and-science Christianity, Islam and Science]
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*[https://creation.com/looking-forward-to-the-eradication-of-christianity Looking forward to the eradication of Christianity - Christianity, creationism and the arts]
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</ref>
  
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Creationism (especially the most literal forms) conflicts with the [[Theory of evolution]].<ref>[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v11/i4/christian.asp]</ref> Not all Christian denominations embrace creationism with the literal Genesis interpretations. Many non-Christian sects believe in a form of creationism, including American Indian religions, Hindus, and the Classical Greek and Egyptian polytheistic religions.
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[[Creation Ministries International]], a leading [[Bible|biblical]] [[creation]] organization, declared:
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{{cquote|Creationist research is having a global effect that is worrying the [[atheism|atheists]] and secularists of this world. They have had it all their own way for over a century but things are slowly changing. For almost twenty-five years now, ''[[Journal of Creation]]'' has been publishing cutting-edge creationist research that has been fueling the war against [[evolution]], creating little fires all around the world, including [[Great Britain]]. Those who hold the views of ''Creationism'' are referred to as ''Creationists''.<ref>"creationist." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. 21 Mar. 2007. <Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/creationist>.</ref>
  
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Atheist scientist, Prof. [[Richard Dawkins]], speaking at the 20th anniversary of the Edinburgh International Science Festival in April 2008, argued that the rise of creationism in British schools raised a serious problem for science teachers.
  
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It is a very worrying trend,’ he said, ‘and I think a lot of it has come over from [[United States|America]] and [[Australia]].’<ref>https://creation.com/growth-of-creation-science-in-uk-worries-prof-dawkins</ref>}}
  
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== Creationist categories ==
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Within creationism in the [[Abrahamic religion]]s, there are various ideas.  Concerning those religions, one form of creationism holds that the earth is approximately 6,000 years old and is referred to as [[Young Earth Creationism]]. The other form of creationism is called [[Old Earth Creationism]] and holds that the earth and universe are billions of years old.   Creationist scientists demonstrate that the [[First Law of Thermodynamics|first law of thermodynamics]] and [[second law of thermodynamics]] argue against an eternal [[universe]], and they also demonstrate that these laws point to the universe being supernaturally created.<ref>[http://godevidences.net/space/lawsofscience.php Evidences for God From Space&mdash;Laws of Science]</ref><ref>Thompson, Bert, [https://www.apologeticspress.org/apcontent.aspx?category=12&article=310 So Long, Eternal Universe; Hello Beginning, Hello End!], 2001 (Apologetics Press)</ref><ref>http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/AstroPhysicalSciences14.html</ref> Dr. [[Norman Geisler]] stated that "Both young- and old-earthers believe that God supernaturally, directly and immediately produced every kind of animal and human as separate and [[Genetics|genetically]] distinct forms of life." <ref name="johnankerberg.org">http://www.johnankerberg.org/Articles/science/SC0305W3.htm</ref> Dr. [[Norman Geisler]] also wrote that "both young- and old-earthers who are [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] hold to the historicity of the Genesis account: They believe that [[Adam]] and [[Eve]] were literal people, the progenitors of the entire human race." <ref name="johnankerberg.org"/>  Creation scientists assert that the [[evolution|theory of evolution]] is in conflict with the evidence provided by the physical sciences and often cite secular scientific sources which agree with them on various points (for further details please see: [[evolution]]).<ref>http://www.creation.com/content/view/21</ref>
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There are multiple different overarching categories and subcategories within the realm of Creationism, this list is not meant to be exhaustive but to deal with only the notable ones.
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*Biblical [[Young Earth Creationism|Young Earth Creationists]] generally accept a literal or nearly literal interpretation of Genesis and insist that the world is around 6000 years old. Traditionally, [[Judaism]] supported young earth creationism.<ref>[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v26/i2/tradition.asp]</ref> In addition, a majority of the early [[church fathers]] supported the young earth creationist view.<ref>[http://www.robibrad.demon.co.uk/Chapter3.htm]</ref>
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Those who hold to young-earth creationism point out that nearly every culture in the world has a [[creation]] story and a [[Great flood|flood story]].<ref name="katapi.org.uk">http://www.katapi.org.uk/BAndS/ChII.htm</ref><ref name="icr.org">https://www.icr.org/article/108/</ref><ref name="https://www.icr.org/article/570">https://www.icr.org/article/570/</ref><ref>http://library.thinkquest.org/18757/creation.htm</ref><ref>http://www.grisda.org/origins/17051.htm</ref> Many of these creation accounts and flood accounts have commonalities with the account given in the book of Genesis although gross differences exist also.<ref name="katapi.org.uk"/><ref name="icr.org"/><ref name="https://www.icr.org/article/570"/>  The [[Institute for Creation Research]] has taken the position that the similarities in creation accounts to the Genesis account demonstrate that the main points of the Genesis account have been preserved.<ref name="icr.org"/> In regard to the assertion that the similarities in flood stories around the world show common origin, young earth creationists particularly assert that there are strong similarities between the [[Global flood|Genesis flood account]] and other world flood accounts.<ref name="https://www.icr.org/article/570"/><ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v2/n2/flood-legends</ref> Also, there are remarkable similarities between Native American creation myths and the biblical account given in Genesis concerning [[creation]].<ref>[https://creation.com/indian-creation-myths Indian creation myths - CMI]</ref>
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*[[Old Earth Creationism|Old Earth Creationists]] do not take the Bible's creation account literally in regard to the days of creation, and agree with the idea that the age of the earth is around 4.5 billion years but generally do not accept the idea that all life on earth evolved from a common ancestor. Old Earth Creationists generally interpret the Bible by suggesting that the days in chapter one of [[Genesis]] were not 24 hour days or by inserting gaps between various verses in the Bible. There is no general agreement among Old Earth Creationists on whether or not there was a global flood. Dr. [[Norman Geisler]] wrote that "both young- and old-earthers who are [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]] hold to the historicity of the Genesis account: They believe that Adam and Eve were literal people, the progenitors of the entire human race." <ref>http://www.johnankerberg.org/Articles/science/SC0305W3.htm</ref>  
 
  
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*The [[Omphalos argument]] first expounded in a book titled Omphalos by [[Philip Henry Gosse]] (1857), argues that the universe was created young but with the appearance of age, much as Adam must have appeared to be fully grown even when he was but a single day in chronological age.  The theological objection to this argument is found in Romans 1:20 when Paul declares that the nature of God can be discerned by observing the universe, ''"For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead..."''.  If the Omphalos argument is true, then not only is our evidence of the universe's great age untrustworthy, but the God revealed by examining this cosmic deception is untrustworthy as well.
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== Global creationism ==
  
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== Lack of Any Clear Transitional Forms ==
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''See also:'' [[Global creationism]]
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[[Image:Carl weiland.jpg|thumbnail|150px|left|Dr. [[Carl Wieland]] was a founder of [[Creation Ministries International]], a Christian ministry that is in four continents. ]]
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In 2012, the University at Toronto reported: “We have seen in the last two decades a rapid spread of creationism beyond the United States and beyond Christianity to other religions to the present time where it is a global phenomenon,” said Numbers in a talk entitled Creationism Goes Global. “But the big story in the last 20 years is the booming enterprise of creationism in the Islamic world.”<ref>[https://www.utoronto.ca/news/creationism-goes-global Creationism Goes Global], University of Toronto News, 2012</ref>
  
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Dr. [[Norman Geisler]] stated that "Both young- and old-earthers believe that God supernaturally, directly and immediately produced every kind of animal and human as separate and genetically distinct forms of life." <ref>http://www.johnankerberg.org/Articles/science/SC0305W3.htm</ref>  Accordingly, creationists point out that there are over one hundred million identified and catalogued [[fossils]] currently in the world's museums.<ref>http://www.pathlights.com/ce_encyclopedia/Encyclopedia/12fos06.htm</ref>
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[[Johns Hopkins University]] Press reported in 2014: "Over the past forty years, creationism has spread swiftly among European Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Hindus, and Muslims, even as anti-creationists sought to smother its flames."<ref>[http://questionevolution.blogspot.com/2015/03/johns-hopkins-university-press-reported.html Creationism spreading in Europe]</ref> See also: [[Evolutionary indoctrination]]
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Creationist insists that if [[macroevolution]] happened, then there should be "transitional forms" in the fossil record that show the intermediate life forms. Another term for these "transitional forms" is "missing links". If creationism is true then there should be a lack of transitional forms or at the very least there should be merely a handful of disputed transitional fossils.
 
  
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Charles Darwin himself stated that the evolutionary theory required the existence of "transitional forms."  Darwin wrote: "So that the number of intermediate and transitional links, between all living and extinct species, must have been inconceivably great. But assuredly, if this theory be true, such have lived upon the earth." <ref>http://www.thedarwinpapers.com/oldsite/number5/darwin5.htm</ref> However, Darwin wrote: "Why then is not every geological formation and every strata full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely-graduated organic chain; and this perhaps, is the most obvious and serious objection which can be urged against my theory." <ref>http://www.veritas-ucsb.org/library/origins/quotes/Discontinuties.html</ref> Darwin thought the lack of transitional links in his time was because "only a small portion of the surface of the earth has been geologically explored and no part with sufficient care...".<ref>http://www.darwin-literature.com/The_Origin_of_Species/10.html</ref> Darwin's theory of evolution required that transitional forms exist. As Charles Darwin became older, however, he became increasingly concerned about this lack of evidence in regards to the fossil record. Darwin wrote, "“When we descend to details, we cannot prove that a single species has changed; nor can we prove that the supposed changes are beneficial, which is the groundwork of the theory.”<ref>http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ReferencesandNotes12.html</ref>
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On October 4, 2014, the ''Vancouver Sun'' reported that evolutionism is rejected by hundreds of millions of [[evangelicalism|evangelical Christians]] and [[Islam|Muslims]] around the world.<ref name="blogs.vancouversun.com">[http://blogs.vancouversun.com/2014/10/04/evolution-under-attack-from-muslims-and-evangelicals/ Evolution rejected by hundreds of millions of Muslims and evangelicals], ''Vancouver Sun'', October 4, 2014</ref>
  
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Specifically, the ''Vancouver Sun'' declared:
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{{cquote|Creationism, a religious worldview that adamantly rejects Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, is on the rise among evangelical Protestants and most of the world’s Muslims.
  
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Scientist Dr.[[Michael Denton]] wrote regarding the fossil record:
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It is not only the majority of residents in Muslim countries such as Pakistan, Indonesia and Turkey who strongly reject the teaching that humans and other species evolved over millions of years from less complex creatures. So do tens of millions of evangelical Christians in North America (as well as South America and Africa).
  
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<blockquote style="background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;">
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Overall, [Nidhal Guessoum, a Middle Eastern physics and astronomy professor] who teaches at the American University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates, estimates roughly 60 percent of the world’s Muslims are creationists, including many living in the U.S. and Canada.
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"It is still, as it was in Darwin's day, overwhelmingly true that the first representatives of all the major classes of organisms known to biology are already highly characteristic of their class when they make their initial appearance in the fossil record. This phenomenon is particularly obvious in the case of the [[Invertebrate|invertebrate]] fossil record. At its first appearance in the ancient paleozoic seas, invertebrate life was already divided into practically all the major groups with which we are familiar today.<ref>http://www.veritas-ucsb.org/library/origins/quotes/Discontinuties.html</ref>
 
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</blockquote>
 
  
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Creationist scientists state that evolutionists have had over 140 years to find a transitional fossil and nothing approaching a conclusive transitional form has ever been found and that only a handful of highly doubtful examples of transitional fossils exist.<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/fossils.asp</ref><ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3001</ref> Noted anthropologist [[Edmund Ronald Leach]] stated, "Missing links in the sequence of fossil evidence were a worry to Darwin. He felt sure they would eventually turn up, but they are still missing and seem likely to remain so."<ref>http://www.evolutionisdead.com/quotes.php?QID=241</ref>
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Even though poll results about evolution vary based on the questions asked, Salman Hameed reported in the journal ''Science'' that strong anti-evolution majorities exist in Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt and Pakistan. The latter is among Canada’s top six source countries for immigrants...
  
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"Evolution requires intermediate forms between species and [[paleontology]] does not provide them…" wrote David B. Kitts of the School of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Oklahoma.<ref>http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2088</ref>
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An Angus-Reid survey found 43 percent of Americans accept the creationist teaching that the Earth is less than 10,000 years old, which means they reject the...view the universe began roughly 13 billion years ago.<ref>[http://blogs.vancouversun.com/2014/10/04/evolution-under-attack-from-muslims-and-evangelicals/ Evolution rejected by hundreds of millions of Muslims and evangelicals], Vancouver Sun, October 4, 2014. 9:12 am</ref>}}
  
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David Raup, who was the curator of geology at the museum holding the world's largest fossil collection (the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago), observed:
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Belief in creation has regrown<ref name="Turpin">Turpin, Simon (December 29, 2016). [https://answersingenesis.org/reviews/articles/response-age-earth-plea-geo-chronological-non-dogmatism/ A Response to “The Age of the Earth: A Plea for Geo-Chronological Non-Dogmatism”]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved December 31, 2016.</ref><ref>It should be clearly and strongly noted that creation was the dominant theory in Europe and Christianity prior to the "Enlightenment", when Christians and XINOs began to compromise on this issue.</ref> rapidly in [[Europe]], as can be seen by secularist hysteria over the occurrence.<ref>Turpin, Simon (December 26, 2016). [https://answersingenesis.org/creationism/creation-invasion-in-europe/ Creation Invasion in Europe]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved January 1, 2016.</ref>
  
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:"[Darwin] was embarrassed by the fossil record because it didn't look the way he predicted it would ....  Well, we are now about 120 years after Darwin, and knowledge of the fossil record has been greatly expanded.  We now have a quarter of a million fossil species but the situation hasn't changed much. ...  [W]e have even fewer examples of evolutionary transition than we had in Darwin's time."  -  David M. Raup, "Conflicts Between Darwin and Paleontology," ''Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin'' 50 (January 1979): 22-23, 24-25.
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== Rapid growth of biblical creation belief in China ==
  
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One of the most famous proponents of evolution was the late Harvard paleontologist [[Stephen Jay Gould]].  But Gould admitted, "The extreme rarity of transitional forms in the fossil record persists as the trade secret of paleontology. We fancy ourselves as the only true students of life’s history, yet to preserve our favored account of evolution by natural selection, we view our data as so bad that we never see the very process we profess to study.<ref>http://www.apologeticspress.org/modules.php?name=Read&cat=5&itemid=2080</ref> In a 1977 paper titled "The Return of Hopeful Monsters", Gould wrote: "All paleontologists know that the fossil record contains precious little in the way of intermediate forms; transitions between major groups are characteristically abrupt."<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v8/i2/punct.asp</ref>
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''See also:'' [[China and biblical creationism]]
  
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This is the basis for there being two major divisions of evolutionary theory, ''[[Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium|punctuated equilibrium]]'' and ''[[Gradualism|gradualism]]''. Gould is the best known proponent of the theory of punctuated equilibrium, [[Richard Dawkins]] is a advocate of gradualism.
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[[Evangelical Christians|Evangelical Christianity]] is growing rapidly in China (see: [[Growth of Christianity in China]]). China may have one of the largest populations of biblical creationists in the world by 2030 (see: [[China and biblical creationism]]).
  
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The senior paleontologist at the British Museum of Natural History, Dr. Colin Patterson, put it this way: "[[Stephen Gould|Gould]] and the American Museum people are hard to contradict when they say there are no transitional fossils."<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v14/i4/fossils.asp</ref>
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Jun-Yuan Chen Research Professor Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology was quoted in the ''Wall Street Journal'' as saying, "In China we can criticize [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]] but not the government. In America you can criticize the government, but not Darwin."<ref>[http://www.uncommondescent.com/evolution/two-views-about-how-darwinism-stays-in-place-with-but-one-difference/ Two views about how Darwinism stays in place, with but one difference]</ref>
  
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One of the more famous alleged transitional fossils claimed by evolutionists is [[Archaeopteryx]]. Dr. [[Alan Feduccia]], a world authority on birds and an evolutionist himself, has stated the following regarding Archaeopteryx:
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== Henry Morris and the birth of the modern creationist movement ==
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[[Image:PH2006022801720.jpg‎|right|thumb|150px|[[Henry Morris]] ]]
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''See also:'' [[Henry Morris]]
  
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“Paleontologists have tried to turn Archaeopteryx into an earth-bound, feathered dinosaur. But it’s not. It is a bird, a perching bird. And no amount of ‘paleobabble’ is going to change that.”<ref>[http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2/4254news3-24-2000.asp]</ref>
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[[Henry Morris]] (October 6, 1918 – February 25, 2006) was a prominent [[young earth creationist]], [[Christian apologetics|Christian apologist]], [[scholar]], and hydrologist. He is most notable in his role in the modern [[creation science]] movement, co-authoring ''[[The Genesis Flood]]'' and co-founding the [[Institute for Creation Research]] and serving as its president from 1970 until 1995 and as president emeritus until his death.  Dr. Morris was the intellectual father of the modern creation science movement, and he also first coined the term "creation science".<ref name="WaPo">Schudel, Matt (March 1, 2006). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/28/AR2006022801716.html Henry Morris; Intellectual Father of 'Creation Science']. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 13, 2016.</ref>
  
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Creationist scientists have a number of arguments against Archaeopteryx being a transitional fossil find.<ref>[http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2/4254news3-24-2000.asp]</ref><ref>[http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v1/i1/archaeopteryx.asp]</ref><ref>[http://www.icr.org/article/321/]</ref><ref>[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3833/106/]</ref>
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== Growth of modern creationism and Christian apologetics ==
  
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A second famous alleged transitional fossil claimed by evolutionists is [[Tiktaalik]].  Creationists have a number of arguments regarding the fossil find of Tiktaalik not being a transitional find. <ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/4250</ref><ref>http://www.icr.org/article/2962/</ref><ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2007/0307tiktaalik.asp</ref>
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''See also:'' [[Atheism vs. Christian revival and Christian apologetics]]
  
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== The Fossil Record and the Creationist Position  ==
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The effect of evolutionism on the [[Western World]] and the world at large was mitigated by the growth of modern creationism and [[Christian apologetics]] in the latter half of the 20th century and today [[global creationism]], Christian apologetics and [[global Christianity]] are seeing rapid growth.<ref name="blogs.vancouversun.com"/><ref>[http://spectator.org/archives/2011/02/28/thriving-christianity Thriving Christianity]</ref><ref name="brethrenassembly.com">[http://www.brethrenassembly.com/Ebooks/Apol_001A.pdf Introduction To Integrated Christian Apologetics, Dr. Johnson C. Philip & Dr. Saneesh Cherian]</ref>
  
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Creationist can cite quotations which assert that no solid fossil evidence for the [[macroevolution]]ary position exists and also show that the fossil record supports creationism:
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Johns Hopkins University Press reported in 2014: "Over the past forty years, creationism has spread swiftly among European Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Hindus, and Muslims, even as anti-creationists sought to smother its flames."<ref>[https://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/content/creationism-europe Creationism in Europe]</ref>
  
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"In any case, no real evolutionist, whether gradualist or [[Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium|punctuationist]], uses the fossil record as evidence in favour of the theory of evolution as opposed to special creation." Mark Ridley (Professor of Zoology at [[Oxford University]]), 'Who doubts evolution?', New Scientist, vol. 90, 25 June 1981, p. 831
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=== History of the growth of creationism and its effect on Christendom ===
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Dr. [[Johnson C. Philip]] & Dr. Saneesh Cherian wrote in their work ''Introduction To Integrated [[Christian apologetics|Christian Apologetics]]'':
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{{cquote|American evangelical Christians have begun to notice in the fifties that compromise is a slow poison that ultimately destroys respect for truth. Some of them came together and started writing aggressively on themes defending the historical and scientific reliability of the Bible. This gave birth to the modern interest in Apologetics and Creationism. At the dawn of the twenty-first century the influence of this revival has spread all over the world, and today more than one hundred and fifty organizations function around the world, devoted solely to apologetics. Their influence has been so strong that a large number of Seminaries all around the world have begun to assert the historical and scientific reliability of the Bible...
  
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...with the birth of the modern creationism and apologetics, a revival set in motion among the evangelical Christians. This group became quite vocal and aggressive in the sixties, and by the seventies they started exerting significant influence among theologians, thinkers, and Bible teachers all over the world.
  
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"...I still think that to the unprejudiced, the fossil record of plants is in favour of special creation." - E.J.H. Corner (Professor of Botany, Cambridge University, England), “Evolution” in Anna M. MacLeod and L. S. Cobley (eds.), Contemporary Botanical Thought (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1961), p. 97 <ref>http://www.christiananswers.net/creation/orb-fossil-ref.html</ref><ref>http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ReferencesandNotes23.html</ref>
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Thousands of apologetic books, hundreds of magazines, and tens of thousands of articles have been produced defending the Bible since. In turn, this has started to diminish the influence of [[rationalism|rationalists]] and radicals on Christians.  
  
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From the middle of the nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth century the rationalists had their heyday, snatching away millions of young people from their Christian faith and commitment. The wounds of this loss can be seen in Christendom even today, but at the same time this loss has been greatly minimized now because of the work of Christian apologists.
  
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"We then move right off the register of objective truth into those fields of presumed biological science, like extrasensory perception or the interpretation of man's fossil history, where to the faithful anything is possible - and where the ardent believer is sometimes able to believe several contradictory things at the same time." - Lord Solly Zuckerman (professor of anatomy at Birmingham University in England and chief scientific adviser to the British government from the time period of 1964 to 1971), Beyond The Ivory Tower, Toplinger Publications, New York, 1970, p. 19. <ref>http://www.detectingdesign.com/earlyman.html</ref><ref>http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jzuckerman.htm</ref>
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Today anyone desiring to know about the Bible, and its connection with science, evolution, history, and archaeology, has read any number of books on this topic. Literally thousands of titles are available, and he can choose anywhere from the most simple books to the most technically advanced ones.  Thus the modern apologetics movement has been able to arrest the way in which rationalists have been bleeding the Christian church.<ref name="brethrenassembly.com">[http://www.brethrenassembly.com/Ebooks/Apol_001A.pdf Introduction To Integrated Christian Apologetics, Dr. Johnson C. Philip & Dr. Saneesh Cherian]</ref>}}
  
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== Internet creationism ==
  
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"Fossil evidence of human evolutionary history is fragmentary and open to various interpretations. Fossil evidence of chimpanzee evolution is absent altogether". Henry Gee, “Return to the Planet of the Apes,” Nature, Vol. 412, 12 July 2001, p. 131. <ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v412/n6843/full/412131a0.html</ref>
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''See also:'' [[Internet creationism]]
  
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On February 24, 2015, the ''Science Nordic'' website declared:
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{{Cquote|Creationism, the belief that a god -- not evolution -- shaped life on Earth, is ... spreading in the very stronghold of evolution, Europe. That’s the conclusion of five years of research that’s been put into a new book on creationism. The book details how creationism is on the march throughout most of Europe.
  
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For more fossil record quotes please see: [http://members.iinet.net.au/~sejones/fsslrcrd.html Fossil record quotes]
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"Creationism is most dominant in Eastern Europe and Turkey, but even some schools in the Netherlands are teaching creationism," says one of the book’s authors Hans Henrik Hjermitslev, University College South Denmark. "Politicians in some German federal states are advocating that schools use creationist books alongside those about evolutionary theory in their lessons. This kind of struggle is going on on a small scale in many places."...  
  
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== Little Consensus Regarding an Evolutionary Process ==
+
"Over the last ten years we’ve seen the emergence of big-city creationism. London is a good example," says Kjærgaar.
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There is little consensus among scientists about how macroevolution is said to have happened as can be seen below:
 
  
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<blockquote style="background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;">
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Here, noticeably more young people have been signed up to various local and religious groups.
−
"“The history of organic life is undemonstrable; we cannot prove a whole lot in evolutionary biology, and our findings will always be hypothesis. There is one true evolutionary history of life, and whether we will actually ever know it is not likely. Most importantly, we have to think about questioning underlying assumptions, whether we are dealing with molecules or anything else.” - Jeffrey H. Schwartz, Professor of Biological Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, February 9, 2007 <ref>http://www.uncommondescent.com/darwinism/there-is-no-theory-of-evolution/</ref><ref>http://mac10.umc.pitt.edu/m/FMPro?-db=ma&-lay=a&-format=d.html&id=2807&-Find</ref>
 
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</blockquote>
 
  
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<blockquote style="background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;">
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"And this doesn't just apply to young Muslims as many people might think. Christian groups are also recruiting young people...
−
"When discussing organic evolution the only point of agreement seems to be: "It happened." Thereafter, there is little consensus, which at first sight must seem rather odd." ([[Simon Conway Morris]], [palaeontologist, Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge University, UK], "Evolution: Bringing Molecules into the Fold," Cell, Vol. 100, pp.1-11, January 7, 2000, p.11)<ref>http://members.iinet.net.au/~sejones/mechns01.html</ref><ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WSN-4195FC1-1&_user=681891&_coverDate=01%2F07%2F2000&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000037419&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=681891&md5=1806889a6d57f9282db2e4c04d32e8f7]</ref>
 
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</blockquote>
 
  
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<blockquote style="background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;">
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Creationism has particularly been on the rise in step with the internet, which according to Peter Kjærgaard has made it much easier for people to become activists...<ref>[http://sciencenordic.com/scientists-warn-creationism-rise-europe Scientists warn: creationism is on the rise in Europe], ''Science Nordic''</ref>}}
−
"If it is true that an influx of doubt and uncertainty actually marks periods of healthy growth in a science, then evolutionary biology is flourishing today as it seldom has flourished in the past. For biologists collectively are less agreed upon the details of evolutionary mechanics than they were a scant decade ago. Superficially, it seems as if we know less about evolution than we did in 1959, the centennial year of Darwin's on the Origin of Species." - [[Niles Eldredge]], "Time Frames: The Rethinking of Darwinian Evolution and the [[Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium|Theory of Punctuated Equilibria]]," Simon & Schuster: New York NY, 1985, p.14 <ref>http://members.iinet.net.au/~sejones/mechns01.html</ref>
 
−
</blockquote>
 
  
−
== Mutations and the Life Sciences in General ==
+
[[Answers in Genesis]], [[Creation Ministries International]] and [[Institute for Creation Research]] have websites which consists of thousands of web pages and their respective websites receive significant web traffic.
−
Evolutionist [[Theodosius Dobzhansky]] wrote: "The process of [[mutation]] is the only known source of the new materials of genetic variability, and hence of evolution." <ref>http://www.nwcreation.net/geneticquotes.html</ref>  Evolutionists believe that the processes of mutation and [[natural selection]] and [[genetic drift]] created every species of life that we see on earth today after [[Origin of life|life first came about on earth]]. <ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/1855</ref> Creationist scientists believe that mutations, natural selection, and genetic drift would not cause [[macroevolution]]. <ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/mutations.asp</ref><ref>http://www.trueorigin.org/mutations01.asp</ref><ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/1855</ref><ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3831</ref><ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/selection.asp</ref> Furthermore, creationist scientists assert that the life sciences as a whole support the creation model and do not support the evolutionary model. <ref>http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/LifeSciences2.html</ref><ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/news/Lerner_resp.asp</ref>
 
  
−
Creationist scientists do believe in [[Species|speciation]] and also believe that it happens much faster than the evolutionary theory would expect. <ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3855/#kinds</ref><ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/207</ref><ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3036/</ref>  Creationist scientists classify the various [[Kind|kinds]] of animals and plants (which they view as being genetically unrelated) using the discipline of [[baraminology]]. <ref>http://www.christiananswers.net/q-crs/baraminology.html</ref>
+
Creation Ministries International has a [https://creation.com/15-questions 15 questions for evolutionists web page] which features questions that evolutionists cannot satisfactorily answer, an interactive survey, videos and articles on various creation vs. evolution topics.
  
−
Lastly, creationists and [[intelligent design]] theorists do not believe that the origin of first life is credible though naturalistic means and that it occurred supernaturally. <ref>http://www.christiananswers.net/q-eden/origin-of-life.html</ref><ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/origin.asp</ref><ref>http://www.trueorigin.org/abio.asp</ref><ref>http://www.macrodevelopment.org/library/meyer.html</ref><ref>http://www.nwcreation.net/abiogenesislinks.html</ref>
+
== Creationism and Intelligent Design ==
  
−
== Creationism, Macroevolutionary Theory, and Experimental Data ==
+
''See also:'' [[Intelligent design]]
 +
[[Image:Intelligent design.jpg‎|alt= Intelligent design|thumbnail|300px|right|Intelligent design theorists contend that the core feature of life consists of information processing systems that cannot be fully explained as being the result of unintelligent causes alone.]]
 +
Believers in the Abrahamic faiths who hold to creationism believe that the natural world has been designed by God. Recently, there have been articles which were favorable to the [[intelligent design]] position in scientific journals which traditionally have favored the macroevolutionary position.<ref>http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&id=2640</ref> Believers in the Abrahamic faiths have points of agreement and disagreement with the intelligent design movement. They agree that the natural world has an intelligent cause and was designed as mentioned previously.  However, some advocates of creationism believe that the intelligent design movement divorces the Creator from creation by not explicitly stating that the cause of creation is a supernatural being and also failing to state explicitly who that supernatural being is.<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v1/n1/intelligent-design-movement</ref>
  
−
Noted creationist Dr. [[Henry Morris]] in order to show that the macroevolutionary position is not verified by experimental data quoted a leading evolutionist regarding this matter.
+
There is considerable disagreement on whether or not intelligent design amounts to a form of creationism and if so, where to place it in comparison to the other forms of creationism. This is due to the concept having many different definitions and proponents espousing different ideas.  
  
−
Dr. Morris wrote the following:
+
For example, one major proponent of Intelligent Design is Young Earth Creationist Paul Nelson, while [[Michael Behe]], another major proponent, accepts [[common descent]]. [[William Dembski]] has stated unequivocally that Intelligent Design is not theistic evolution and they should not be considered the same.<ref>''What every theologian should know about creation, evolution, and design'' Center for Interdisciplinary Studies Transactions 3(2), William Demsbki</ref> Dembski has also asserted that Intelligent Design  is the [[Logos]] in terms of information theory,<ref>[http://touchstonemag.com/archives/issue.php?id=49] ''Signs of Intelligence:
 +
A Primer on the Discernment of Intelligent Design'' Touchstone Magazine, Volume 12, Issue 4 July–August 1999</ref> while Dembski and others have given other definitions that do not include any specific theological references. Arguably, intelligent design can be summarized as the notion that at some point in the past, in some way, some entity (possibly God) created life, or altered life at some point, or created the universe to be compatible with life.
  
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"Even [[Ernst Mayr]], the dean of living evolutionists, longtime professor of biology at [[Harvard University|Harvard]], who has alleged that evolution is a "simple fact," nevertheless agrees that it is an "historical science" for which "laws and experiments are inappropriate techniques" by which to explain it. One can never actually see evolution in action." - The Scientific Case Against Evolution by Henry M. Morris, Ph.D. <ref>http://www.icr.org/home/resources/resources_tracts_scientificcaseagainstevolution/</ref>
+
Behe and others have stated that Intelligent Design is not religious in nature but in the [[Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District|Dover trial]], Judge John E. Jones III, a [[Republican]] and a US Federal District Judge, ruled as one of his findings that Intelligent Design was essentially religious in nature.  The opinion borrowed heavily from the ACLU's briefs.<ref>[http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=53330]</ref> The Kitzmiller vs. Dover case did not take into account that [[Atheism is a religion|atheistic evolution is religious in nature]].<ref>https://creation.com/atheism-a-religion</ref><ref>http://www.intelligentdesignnetwork.org/Kitzmiller%27s_error_summary.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.intelligentdesignnetwork.org/Kitzmiller%27s_Error.pdf</ref>
  
−
== Implausibility of [[Materialism|Materialist]] Explanations ==
+
== Islamic creationism ==
−
Dr. Norman Geisler wrote concerning young earth creationist and old earth creationist the following: "Both groups are also agreed in their opposition to [[naturalism]], which they see as the philosophical presupposition of evolution." <ref>http://www.johnankerberg.org/Articles/science/SC0305W3.htm</ref> 
 
  
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A "just so story" is a term used in scholarly works in the fields of anthropology, biological sciences, and social sciences for an explanation which is unverifiable and unfalsifiable. <ref>http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=%22Just+so+story%22+anthropology&btnG=Search</ref><ref>http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=%22Just+so+stories%22+anthropology&btnG=Search</ref><ref>http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=%22Just+so+story%22+biology&btnG=Search</ref><ref>http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=%22Just+so+stories%22+biology&btnG=Search</ref><ref>http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=%22Just+so+stories%22+and+%22social+sciences%22&btnG=Search</ref> 
+
''See also:'' [[Atheism vs. Islam]]
−
Opponents of the macroevolutionary position assert that evolutionary scientists employ extremely implausible "just so stories" to support their position and have done this since at least the time of Charles Darwin. <ref>http://darwinstories.blogspot.com/</ref> 
 
−
<ref>http://www.uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/two-just-so-stories/</ref>
 
−
 
−
Darwin in his Origin of the Species wrote a chapter entitled "Difficulties on Theory" in which he wrote the following:
 
  
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<blockquote style="background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;">
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According to the news website ''The Commentator'': "Belief in evolution remains a minority position in virtually all Muslim societies around the world today. According to studies, 22 percent of Turks, 16 percent of Indonesians, 14 percent of Pakistanis, 11 percent of Malaysians, and 8 percent of Egyptians believe in evolution."<ref>[The Muslim theory of evolution] by Ghaffar Hussain
−
"In North America the black bear was seen by Hearne swimming for hours with widely open mouth, thus catching, like a whale, insects in the water. Even in so extreme a case as this, if the supply of insects were constant, and if better adapted competitors did not already exist in the country, I can see no difficulty in a race of bears being rendered, by natural selection, more and more aquatic in their structure and habits, with larger and larger mouths, till a creature was produced as monstrous as a whale." <ref>http://www.literature.org/authors/darwin-charles/the-origin-of-species/chapter-06.html</ref>
+
On 14 January 2013 10:03</ref>
−
</blockquote>  
 
  
−
Creationist often quote the prominent evolutionist and geneticist Professor [[Richard Lewontin]] who admitted the following:  
+
In 2010, the Islamic creationist [[Harun Yahya]] was chosen among the top 500 most influential Muslims by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies center in Jordan.<ref>[http://www.csicop.org/si/show/harun_yahyas_islamic_creationism_what_it_is_and_isnt/ Harun Yahya’s Islamic Creationism: What It Is and Isn’t] by Stefano Bigliardi Volume 38.1, January/February 2014</ref>
 +
[[File:StarCresent.png|thumbnail|200px|right|Assuming patterns of net immigration do not change significantly, the Pew Forum thinks that there will be just over 5.5 million British Muslims, representing 8.2 per cent of the UK population, by 2030.<ref>[http://blogs.channel4.com/factcheck/factcheck-will-britain-have-a-muslim-majority-by-2050/13690 FactCheck: will Britain have a Muslim majority by 2050?]</ref>
 +
<br />
 +
<br />
 +
See: [[Atheism vs. Islam]] ]]
 +
In 2009, ''The Guardian'' reported:
 +
{{cquote|Mass migration has led to a rise in creationist beliefs across Europe, according to a British scientist.
  
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<blockquote style="background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;">
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Michael Reiss, who is a professor of education at the Institute of Education in London and an Anglican priest, said the evolution-creationism debate could no longer be thought of as something that happened elsewhere and that more and more people in the UK did not accept evolution.
−
"We take the side of science in spite of the patent absurdity of some of its constructs, in spite of its failure to fulfil many of its extravagant promises of health and life, in spite of the tolerance of the scientific community for unsubstantiated just-so stories, because we have a prior commitment, a commitment to [[materialism]]. It is not that the methods and institutions of science somehow compel us to accept a material explanation of the phenomenal world, but, on the contrary, that we are forced by our a priori adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation and a set of concepts that produce material explanations, no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter how mystifying to the uninitiated. Moreover, that materialism is an absolute, for we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the door." - Richard Lewontin, ‘Billions and billions of demons’, The New York Review, January 9, 1997, p. 31 <ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2002/0228not_science.asp#r1</ref>
 
−
</blockquote>
 
  
−
Creationist scientist Dr. [[Jonathan Sarfati]] wrote regarding the implausibility of evolutionary explanations:
+
Reiss told the Guardian that countries with a higher proportion of Muslims or fundamentalist Christians in their population were more likely to reject evolution. He added: "What the Turks believe today is what the Germans and British believe tomorrow. It is because of the mass movement of people between countries.
  
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<blockquote style="background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;">
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"These things can no longer be thought of as occurring in other countries. In London, where I work, there are increasingly quite large numbers of highly intelligent 16, 17 and 18-year-olds doing Advanced Level biology who do not accept evolution. That's either because they come from a fundamentalist Christian background or from Muslim backgrounds."<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/nov/13/migration-creationism-evolution-michael-reiss Migration is spreading creationism across Europe, claims academic] by  Riazat Butt, religious affairs correspondent, Friday 13 November 2009 07.49 EST</ref>}}
−
...supporters of ‘jerky’ evolution ([[Saltationism|saltationism]] and its relative, [[Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium|punctuated equilibria]]) point out that the fossil record does not show gradualism, and that the hypothetical transitional forms would be disadvantageous. But supporters of gradual evolution point out that large, [[information]]-increasing changes are so improbable that one would need to invoke a secular miracle. Creationists agree with ''both'': punctuational evolution can’t happen, and gradual evolution can’t happen—in fact, particles-to-people evolution can’t happen at all!<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/news/scientific_american.asp</ref>
 
−
</blockquote>
 
  
−
Dr. Safarti continues:
+
=== New atheist Richard Dawkins on Islamic creationism and multiculturism ===
  
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<blockquote style="background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;">
+
''See also:'' [[Causes of the New Atheism movement#New Atheism as a reaction to creationism|New Atheism as a reaction to creationism]]
−
The same logic applies to the [[dinosaur]]-[[Bird|bird]] debate. It is perfectly in order for creationists to cite Feduccia’s devastating criticism against the idea that birds evolved ‘ground up’ from running dinosaurs (the cursorial theory). But the dino-to-bird advocates counter with equally powerful arguments against Feduccia’s ‘trees-down’ (arboreal) theory. The evidence indicates that the critics are ''both'' right — birds did not evolve either from running dinos or from tree-living mini-crocodiles. In fact, birds did not evolve from non-birds at all!
 
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<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/news/scientific_american.asp</ref>
 
−
</blockquote>
 
  
 +
The British newspaper ''The Telegraph'' reported in an article entitled ''[[Richard Dawkins]]: Muslim parents 'import creationism' into schools'':
 +
{{cquote|Prof Dawkins, a well-known atheist, also blamed the Government for accommodating religious views and allowing creationism to be taught in schools.
  
−
Creationists commonly point to the following in nature as being implausibly created through evolutionary processes: the [[Bacteria|bacterial]] [[flagellum]]<ref>http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2331</ref>,
+
"Most devout Muslims are creationists so when you go to schools, there are a large number of children of Islamic parents who trot out what they have been taught," Prof Dawkins said in a Sunday newspaper interview.
−
[[homing]]<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v15/i2/ants.asp</ref>, the origin of flight in the animal kingdom<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v26/i1/planes.asp</ref>, [[migration]]<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v23/i4/migration.asp</ref>, the [[whale]]<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v8/i1/whale.asp</ref><ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/re1/chapter5.asp</ref><ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v27/i2/whale.asp</ref>, the [[Venus flytrap]]<ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/4340</ref>, the [[Bombardier beetle]]<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v17/i1/beetle.asp</ref>, the [[Woodpecker|woodpecker]]<ref>http://www.creationism.org/heinze/Woodpecker.htm</ref> and various [[Symbiosis|symbiotic relationships]] found in nature.<ref>http://www.ucgstp.org/lit/booklets/evolution/cooperat.html</ref><ref>http://www.icr.org/article/146/</ref>
 
  
 +
"Teachers are bending over backward to respect home prejudices that children have been brought up with. The Government could do more, but it doesn't want to because it is fanatical about [[multiculturalism]] and the need to respect the different traditions from which these children come."<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2494397/Richard-Dawkins-Muslim-parents-import-creationism-into-schools.html ''Richard Dawkins: Muslim parents 'import creationism' into schools''], ''The Telegraph''</ref>}}
  
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Lastly, creationists often quote biochemist [[Michael Behe]] who wrote the following:
+
== Biblical creation publications ==
  
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<blockquote style="background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;">
+
''See also:'' [[Biblical creation journals]]
−
"Molecular evolution is not based on scientific authority. There is no publication in the scientific literature—in prestigious journals, speciality journals, or book—that describes how molecular evolution of any real, complex, biochemical system either did occur or even might have occurred. There are assertions that such evolution occurred, but absolutely none are supported by pertinent experiments or calculations. Since no one knows molecular evolution by direct experience, and since there is no authority on which to base claims of knowledge, it can truly be said that—like the contention that the Eagles will win the Super Bowl this year—the assertion of Darwinian molecular evolution is merely bluster." - Michael J. Behe, [[Darwin’s Black Box]] (New York: The Free Press, 1996), p. 186<ref>http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ReferencesandNotes10.html#wp1033719</ref>
 
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</blockquote>
 
  
−
== Statements of Design ==
+
Some prominent biblical [[creation]] publications are given below:
  
−
Creationist often cite the work of [[intelligent design]] proponents who assert the biological world has the strong appearance of being created as can been below:
+
*[[Creation magazine]]
  
 +
*[[Journal of Creation]] - Peer reviewed
  
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<blockquote style="background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;">
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*[[Creation Research Society Quarterly Journal]] - peer reviewed
−
"One of the world's most famous scientists, probably the most famous living biologist, is Sir [[Francis Crick]], the British co-discoverer of the structure of DNA, a Nobel Prize winner... Crick is also a fervent atheistic [[materialism|materialist]], who propounds the particle story. In his autobiography, Crick says very candidly biologists must remind themselves daily that what they study was not created, it evolved; it was not designed, it evolved. Why do they have to remind themselves of that? Because otherwise, the facts which are staring them in the face and trying to get their attention might break through. What we discovered when I developed a working group of scientists, philosophers, et al., in the United States was that living organisms look as if they were designed and they look that way because that is exactly what they are." - Evolution And Christian Faith by [[Phillip E. Johnson]] <ref>http://www.ldolphin.org/ntcreation.html</ref>
 
−
</blockquote>
 
  
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<blockquote style="background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;">
+
== Adherents and Opponents of Creationism ==
−
"During the last forty years, [[molecular biology]] has revealed a complexity and intricacy of design that exceeds anything that was imaginable during the late-nineteenth century. We now know that organisms display any number of distinctive features of intelligently engineered high-tech systems: information storage and transfer capability; functioning codes; sorting and delivery systems; regulatory and feed-back loops; signal transduction circuitry; and everywhere, complex, mutually-interdependent networks of parts. Indeed, the complexity of the biomacromolecules discussed in this essay does not begin to exhaust the full complexity of living systems. As even the staunch materialist [[Richard Dawkins]] has allowed, "Biology is the study of complicated things that give the appearance of having been designed for a purpose." Yet the materialistic science we have inherited from the late-nineteenth century, with its exclusive conceptual reliance on matter and energy, could neither envision nor can it now account for the biology of the information age." - The Origin of Life and the Death of Materialism by [[Stephen C. Meyer]], Ph.D.<ref>http://www.arn.org/docs/meyer/sm_origins.htm</ref>
 
−
</blockquote>
 
  
−
== Scientific Journals ==
+
Traditionally, [[Judaism]] supported young earth creationism.<ref>James-Griffiths, James,[http://www.creation.com/content/view/558/ Creation days and Orthodox Jewish tradition] ''Creation'' 26(2):53–55, March 2004.</ref>   [[Orthodox Judaism]] currently has diverse opinions regarding young earth creationism.<ref>Rabbinical Council of America, [http://www.rabbis.org/news/article.cfm?id=100635 Creation, Evolution, and Intelligent Design].</ref> Ultra-Orthodox Judaism accepts young earth creationism.<ref>Winnick, Pamela R.,[http://www.arn.org/docs/ohio/toledo_winnick030702.htm Evolutionary War] ''Toledo City Paper'', March 7, 2002.</ref>
−
Advocates of the macroevolutionary position have often claimed that those who oppose the macroevolution position don't publish their opposition to the macroevolutionary position in the appropriate scientific literature (creationist scientists have peer reviewed journals which favor the creationist position).<ref>http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&id=2640</ref><ref>http://creationresearch.org/crsq.html</ref><ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/3873/</ref> Believers in the Abrahamic faiths believe that the the natural world has been designed by God. Recently, there has been articles which were favorable to the [[intelligent design]] position in scientific journals which traditionally have favored the macroevolutionary position.<ref>http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&id=2640</ref>
 
  
−
==Controversy==
+
In addition, a majority of the early church fathers supported the young-earth creationist view.<ref>Bradshaw, Robert I., [http://www.robibrad.demon.co.uk/Chapter3.htm Creationism & the Early Church, chapter 3, The Days of Genesis 1].</ref>  While Young Earth Creationism is prominent in many conservative [[Protestantism|Protestant]] denominations, theologically liberal Protestant and Jewish denominations generally reject it.<ref>[[Henry Morris|Morris, Henry]], [https://www.icr.org/article/816/6/ Old-Earth Creationism] ''Back to Genesis'' April 1997.</ref><ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/story/80/story_8029_1.html What Conservative Protestants Believe] (beliefnet).</ref><ref>Jarvik, Elaine, [http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,635177399,00.html Beliefs on Darwin's evolution vary from religion to religion] Deseret Morning News 19 January 2006.</ref> The [[Roman Catholic Church]] has a cautiously positive view of the theory of evolution.<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-04-11-pope-evolution-creation_N.htm</ref><ref>Heneghan, Tom, [http://www.beliefnet.com/story/182/story_18220.html Catholics and Evolution: Interview with Cardinal Christoph Schönborn] (beliefnet).</ref>
−
=== Creationism and Intelligent Design ===
 
−
Believers in the Abrahamic faiths believe that the the natural world has been designed by God. Recently, there has been articles which were favorable to the [[intelligent design]] position in scientific journals which traditionally have favored the macroevolutionary position.<ref>http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&id=2640</ref> Believers in the Abrahamic faiths have points of agreement and disagreement with the intelligent design movement. They agree that the natural world has an intelligent cause and was designed but some also believe that the intelligent design movement divorces the Creator from creation by not explicitly stating that the cause of creation is a supernatural being and also failing to state explicitly who that supenatural being is.<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v1/n1/intelligent-design-movement</ref>
 
  
−
There is considerable disagreement on whether or not [[Intelligent Design]] amounts to a form of creationism and if so, where to place it in comparison to the other forms of creationism. This is due to the concept having  many different definitions and proponents espousing different ideas.  
+
Islam has a variety of opinions regarding creationism and the theory of evolution.<ref>http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_151_200/muslim_responses_to_evolution.htm</ref>
  
−
For example, one major proponent of Intelligent Design is Young Earth Creationist [[Paul Nelson]], while [[Michael Behe]], another major proponent, accepts common descent. [[William Dembski]] has stated unequivocally that Intelligent Design is not theistic evolution and they should not be considered the same<ref>''What every theologian should know about creation, evolution, and design'' Center for Interdisciplinary Studies Transactions 3(2), William Demsbki</ref>. Dembski has also asserted that Intelligent Design is the [[Logos]] in terms of information theory<ref>[http://touchstonemag.com/archives/issue.php?id=49] ''Signs of Intelligence:
+
[[Atheism|Atheists]] do not believe in young earth creationism and a vast majority of the most prominent and vocal defenders of the evolutionary position since [[World War II]] have been atheists.<ref>Batten, Don, [http://www.creation.com/content/view/737/ A ''Who’s Who'' of evolutionists] ''Creation'' 20(1):32
−
A Primer on the Discernment of Intelligent Design'' Touchstone Magazine, Volume 12, Issue 4 July-August 1999</ref>, while Dembski and others have given other definitions that do not include any specific theological references. Arguably, intelligent design can be summarized as the notion that at some point in the past, in some way, some entity (possibly God) created life, or altered life at some point, or created the universe to be compatible with life.  
+
December 1997.</ref><ref>http://www.creationists.org/nas.html</ref>  In his autobiography [[Charles Darwin]] wrote about the diminishment of his religious faith and Darwin stated that he was an [[agnostic]].<ref name="update.uu.se">http://www.update.uu.se/~fbendz/library/cd_relig.htm</ref> Darwin wrote the following: "The mystery of the beginning of all things is insoluble to us; and I for one must be content to remain an Agnostic."<ref name="update.uu.se"/> On the other hand, Charles Darwin in his private diaries [[Charles Darwin#Religious Views|stated he was a materialist]] which is a type of atheist.  While [[Agnosticism|agnostics]] do not believe in young earth creationism there have been some notable statements of skepticism regarding the theory of evolution from agnostics.<ref>Woodward, Thomas E., [http://www.apologetics.org/doubts.html Doubts About Darwin] (Apologetics Press).</ref><ref>[http://www.evolutionnews.org/2005/03/agnostic_philosopher_caught_in_conspirac.html Agnostic Philosopher Caught in Conspiracy to Question Darwinism] ''Evolution News & Views'', ([[Discovery Institute]]).</ref> On the other hand, [[Thomas Huxley]] was a staunch proponent of the theory of evolution and he stated he was an agnostic.<ref>http://www.creation.com/content/view/1025</ref><ref>http://www.arn.org/docs/odesign/od171/desmond171.htm</ref>
  
−
Behe and others have stated that Intelligent Design is not religious in nature but in the [[Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District|Dover trial]], Judge John E. Jones III, a [[Republican]] and a [[US Federal District Judge]], ruled as a one of his findings that Intelligent Design was essentially religious in nature.  The opinion met with wide accolades, but some criticism that it borrowed too heavily from the ACLU's briefs. <ref>[http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=53330]</ref>  Nonetheless, it has been embraced by the legal community, and has quickly become the subject of renewed scholarship on the scope of the First Amendment.<ref>Richard B. Katskee, "Religion in Public Schools," 5 First Amend. L. Rev. 112 (2006)</ref>
+
The leftist [[mainstream media]], unsurprisingly, hates creation, just as it does with anything related to conservatism and biblical Christianity that contradicts left-wing views and secularism.<ref>Hallett, Vicky (December 30, 2016). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/now-theres-a-theory-that-dinosaurs-were-wiped-out-in-noahs-flood/2016/12/30/92bec544-cc59-11e6-a747-d03044780a02_story.html?utm_term=.fa8a013cacfc Now there’s a theory that dinosaurs were wiped out in Noah’s flood]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved January 1, 2016.</ref>
  
−
==Popularity and Scientific Community Consensus==
+
[[Jobe Martin]], president of the Biblical Discipleship Ministries of Rockwall, [[Texas]], questions various tenets of evolution:
−
Roughly 47% of the United States population believes man was created by God pretty much in his present form less than 10,000 years ago (which is one tenet of Young Earth Creationism) and this number has stayed roughly constant for the last 20 years. <ref>http://www.ncseweb.org/resources/news/2004/US/724_public_view_of_creationism_and_11_19_2004.asp</ref><ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/24/AR2005092401262.html</ref>  A 1997 [[Gallup Organization|Gallup]] poll indicated that 55% of [[United States]] scientists believed that man developed over a period of millions of years from less developed forms of life and that [[God]] had no part in the process, 40% believed in [[Theistic evolution|theistic evolution]], and 5% of scientists believed that God created man fairly much in his current form at one time within the last 10,000 years. <ref>[http://www.galluppoll.com/content/default.aspx?ci=21814 Evolution, Creationism, Intelligent Design], The Gallup Poll NOV 6-9 1997. Retreived 07 June 2007.</ref>
+
<blockquote>
−
<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/19991013122341/http://abcnews.go.com/sections/science/DailyNews/evolutionviews990816.html Views in U.S. Much Different Than Elsewhere], Kenneth Chang, ''ABCNews.com'', 1999.</ref>
+
Evolutionists admit to each other that "the creationists have the better argument." This is because what we see in life and in the fossils does not display emerging kinds of plants or animals. Evolution from one cell to man is not scientifically observable at all.<br>
−
According to creationist scientists community, there is widespread discrimination against creationist scientists.<ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v9/i2/suppression.asp</ref>
 
−
This is not surprising given that a poll among United States scientists showed approximately 45% of scientists believed there was no God.<ref>http://www.ovpr.uga.edu/researchnews/97su/faith.html</ref> In addition, a survey found that 93% of the scientists who were members of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences]] do not believe there is a God.<ref>http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v394/n6691/full/394313a0.html</ref> Given this state of affairs, a future [[paradigm shift]] from the macroevolutionary position to a creationist position could be slow given the worldviews of many scientists.
 
  
−
Also, the current scientific community consensus is no guarantee of truth. The [[History of science|history of science]] shows many examples where the scientific community consensus was in error, was scientifically unsound, or had little or no empirical basis.  For example, [[bloodletting]] was practiced from antiquity and still had many practioners up until the late 1800s.<ref>http://elane.stanford.edu/wilson/Text/5d.html</ref> In his essay, ''A Paradigm Shift: Are We Ready?'' , Niranjan Kissoon, M.D. wrote the following: "...history is rife with examples in which our best medical judgement was flawed. The prestigious British Medical Journal begun in 1828 chose the name Lancet to signal its scholarly intent and cutting edge therapy." <ref>http://www.dcmsonline.org/jax-medicine/2000journals/may2000/editorial.htm</ref>
+
The universe is young - on the order of several thousand, not billions of years old. Man, dinosaur, and mastodon walked the earth at the same time. The "missing links" are missing. God created discrete plants and animals in the beginning and, with minor variations, these are what we see today. Mutations in the genes do not generate new life forms or even improve present life forms. Mutations harm or kill the organism into which they come. Prehistoric man was either an ape, monkey, or a man and not some genetically evolving apelike man or manlike ape.<br>
−
Also, in regards to modern medical science, in a 1991 [[BMJ]] (formerly called the British Medical Journal) article, Richard Smith (editor of BMJ at the time) wrote the following: "There are 30,000 biomedical journals in the world...Yet only about 15% of medical interventions are supported by solid scientific evidence, [[David Eddy]] professor of health policy and management at [[Duke University]], told a conference in Manchester last week. This is partly because only 1% of the articles in medical journals are scientifically sound and partly because many treatments have never been assessed at all."<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1932964&query_hl=6&itool=pubmed_docsum]</ref> Next, [[Alchemy|alchemy]] was at one time considered to be a legitimate scientific pursuit and was studied by such notable individuals as [[Isaac Newton]], [[Robert Boyle]], [[Roger Bacon]], and [[Gottfried Leibniz]].<ref>http://www.levity.com/alchemy/caezza4.html</ref><ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9011664/Roger-Bacon</ref>  Given the aforementioned weaknesses in the evolutionary position and given that the history of science shows there have been some notable paradigm shifts, <ref>http://www.jstor.org/view/03697827/ap020019/02a00050/0</ref><ref>http://www.geoff-hart.com/resources/2006/intheory.htm</ref><ref>http://www.easst.net/review/dec1998/bastos</ref> the scientific consensus argument for the macroevolutionary theory certainly cannot be called an invincible argument.
 
  
−
In addition, biblical creationists can point out examples where the scientific community was in error and the Bible was clearly correct. For example, until the 1970's the scientific communities consensus on how lions killed their prey was in error and the Bible turned out to be right in this matter.<ref>http://www.adam.com.au/bstett/BLions87.htm</ref> Also, for centuries the scientific community believed that snakes could not hear and the 1988 edition of The New [[Encyclopedia Britannica]] stated the snakes could not hear but that was mistaken and the Bible was correct in this matter.<ref>http://www.adam.com.au/bstett/BCobra94.htm</ref> In addition, 19th century European naturalists were wrong concerning a matter regarding ant behavior and the Bible was correct. <ref>http://www.adam.com.au/bstett/BWilliamsvsAnon71to73.htm</ref>  Many creationists believe that the Bible contains knowledge that shows an understanding of scientific knowledge beyond that believed to exist at the time the Bible was composed.<ref>http://www.tektonics.org/TK-GEN.html</ref><ref>http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v17/i1/medicine.asp</ref>
+
The religious quest to prove evolution from the [[Big Bang]] to man will occupy the singular life of many but will end in despair for all who pursue the myth of evolutionary faith.<ref>[[Jobe Martin]], ''The Evolution of a Creationist: A Layman's Guide to the conflict between The Bible and Evolutionary Theory'', Rockwall, [[Texas]]: Biblical Discipleship Publishers, 1994, p. 199.</ref>
 +
</blockquote>
  
−
== Adherents and Opponents of Creationism ==
+
== Recommended books ==
  
−
Young Earth Creationism is a subset of Creationism most commonly found among members of the [[Abrahamic faiths]], especially [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Islam]]. Most young earth creationists believe that most of the book of [[Genesis]] (including the creation accounts) is a straightforward narrative meant to be understood literally.<ref>Grigg, Russell, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/943 Should Genesis be taken literally?] ''Creation'' 16(1):38–41, December 1993.</ref>
+
* J.D. Mitchell, ''The Creation Dialogues - A Response to the Position of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on Evolution, Christianity and the Bible'', Pleasant Word (Winepress Pub), 2010 ISBN 1414118007<ref>http://www.creationengineeringconcepts.org/index.php?p=1_35_THE-CREATION-DIALOGUES</ref><ref>http://www.christianbook.com/dialogues-american-association-advancement-evolution-christianity/j-d-mitchell/9781414118000/pd/118002</ref>
 +
*Dr. [[Grady S. McMurtry]], ''Creation: Our Worldview'', TEC Publications, Columbus, GA 2010 ISBN 0-9674006-1-9
 +
*Jonathan Sarfati, ''Refuting Evolution'', Master Books, 1999 [http://www.creation.com/content/view/4014/ (Free on-line version)] ISBN 0890512582
 +
*Jonathan Sarfati, ''Refuting Evolution 2'', Master Books, 2002,[http://www.creation.com/content/view/4013/ (Free on-line version)] ISBN 0890513872
  
−
Traditionally, [[Judaism]] supported young earth creationism.<ref>James-Griffiths, James,[http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/558/ Creation days and Orthodox Jewish tradition] ''Creation'' 26(2):53–55, March 2004.</ref>  In addition, a majority of the early [[church fathers]] supported the young earth creationist view.<ref>Bradshaw, Robert I., [http://www.robibrad.demon.co.uk/Chapter3.htm Creationism & the Early Church, chapter 3, The Days of Genesis 1].</ref>  While Young Earth Creationism is prominent in many conservative [[Protestant]] denominations, theologically liberal Protestant and Jewish denominations generally reject it.<ref>[[Henry Morris|Morris, Henry]], [http://www.icr.org/article/816/6/ Old-Earth Creationism] ''Back to Genesis'' April 1997.</ref><ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/story/80/story_8029_1.html What Conservative Protestants Believe] (beliefnet).</ref><ref>Jarvik, Elaine, [http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,635177399,00.html Beliefs on Darwin's evolution vary from religion to religion] Deseret Morning News 19 January 2006.</ref> The [[Roman Catholic Church]] has a cautiously positive view of the theory of evolution. <ref>http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-04-11-pope-evolution-creation_N.htm</ref><ref>Heneghan, Tom,  [http://www.beliefnet.com/story/182/story_18220.html Catholics and Evolution: Interview with Cardinal Christoph Schönborn] (beliefnet).</ref>  [[Orthodox Judaism]] currently has diverse opinions regarding young earth creationism.<ref>Rabbinical Council of America, [http://www.rabbis.org/news/article.cfm?id=100635 Creation, Evolution, and Intelligent Design].</ref> [[Ultra-Orthodox Judaism]] accepts young earth creationism.<ref>Winnick, Pamela R.,[http://www.arn.org/docs/ohio/toledo_winnick030702.htm Evolutionary War] ''Toledo City Paper'', [[March 7]] [[2002]].</ref>  Islam has a variety of opinions regarding creationism and the theory of evolution. <ref>http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_151_200/muslim_responses_to_evolution.htm</ref>[[Atheism|Atheists]] do not believe in young earth creationism and a vast majority of the most prominent and vocal defenders of the evolutionary position since [[World War II]] have been [[Atheism|atheists]].<ref>Batten, Don, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/737/ A ''Who’s Who'' of evolutionists] ''Creation'' 20(1):32
+
{{Creation vs. evolution}}
−
December 1997.</ref><ref>http://www.creationists.org/nas.html</ref>  While [[Agnosticism|agnostics]] do not believe in young earth creationism there have been some notable statements of skepticism regarding the theory of evolution from agnostics.<ref>Woodward, Thomas E., [http://www.apologetics.org/doubts.html Doubts About Darwin] (Apologetics Press).</ref><ref>[http://www.evolutionnews.org/2005/03/agnostic_philosopher_caught_in_conspirac.html Agnostic Philosopher Caught in Conspiracy to Question Darwinism] ''Evolution News & Views'', ([[Discovery Institute]]).</ref> On the other hand, [[Charles Darwin]] and [[Thomas Huxley]] were both staunch proponents of the theory of evolution and they both stated that they were agnostics. <ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/1025</ref><ref>http://www.arn.org/docs/odesign/od171/desmond171.htm</ref>
 
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
−
*[[History of creationism]]
+
*[[Creation vs. Evolution Videos]]
 +
*[[Creation science]]
 +
*[[Revolution Against Evolution website]]
 +
*[[Atheism and the origin of the universe]]
 +
*[[Christianity and Science]]
 
*[[Lists of Creationists]]
 
*[[Lists of Creationists]]
 +
*[[Christian apologetics]] (Evidence for Christianity)
 +
*[[Creationism table]]
 +
*[[Ground of being]]
  
 
==External links ==
 
==External links ==
 
===Young Earth Creationist Organizations ===
 
===Young Earth Creationist Organizations ===
 +
 +
*[http://associationforcreation.org/ The International Association For Creation]
 +
*[http://creationnetwork.org/ The Creation Network]
 +
*[http://visitcreation.org/ The Big Map of Creation]
 +
*[https://creation.com Creation Ministries International]
 +
*[https://www.icr.org Institute for Creation Research]
 
*[http://www.answersingenesis.org/ Answers In Genesis - Get Answers]
 
*[http://www.answersingenesis.org/ Answers In Genesis - Get Answers]
−
*[http://www.creationontheweb.com/ Creation Ministries International]
+
*[http://www.creationworldview.org/ Creation Worldview Ministries]
−
*[http://www.icr.org Institute for Creation Research]
 
 
*[http://trueorigins.org TrueOrigins.org]
 
*[http://trueorigins.org TrueOrigins.org]
 
*[http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/index.html Center for Scientific Creation]
 
*[http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/index.html Center for Scientific Creation]
−
*[http://creationwiki.org/Main_Page CreationWiki] - Although not completely Young Earth, [[CreationWiki]] is a mainly Young Earth Creationist Wiki.
+
 
−
*[http://www.allaboutcreation.org/ AllAboutCreation.org]
+
'''Anti-Darwinism/creationist, French/English website:'''
−
*[http://www.rae.org/ The Revolution Against Evolution]
+
 
 +
*[http://www.samizdat.qc.ca/ Samizdat]
 +
 
 +
'''Young Earth articles and other resources:'''
 +
 
 +
*[https://creation.com/age-of-the-earth  Age of the earth -101 evidences for a young earth and universe]
 +
*[https://creation.com/refuting-evolution-chapter-8-how-old-is-the-earth How old is the earth?] - ''Refuting evolution'' - Chapter 8 by Dr. [[Jonathan Sarfati]]
 +
*[http://creationsciencehalloffame.org/ Creation Science Hall of Fame] - Organization that honors and remembers biblical creationists and their work
 +
*[https://answersingenesis.org/creationism/young-earth/most-compelling-scientific-evidence-of-young-earth/ What Is the Most Compelling Scientific Evidence of a Young Earth?], by Dr. Terry Mortenson at [[Answers in Genesis]]. Originally published on February 27, 2006.
  
 
=== Old Earth Creationists ===
 
=== Old Earth Creationists ===
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[http://www.reasons.org Reasons To Believe, an Old Earth Creationist Ministry]
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* [http://www.reasons.org Reasons To Believe, an Old Earth Creationist Ministry]
  
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==References and Footnotes==
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==References==
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<references/>
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{{reflist|2}}
  
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[[Category:Creationism| ]]
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[[Category:Creationism| Creation]]
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[[Category:Religion]]
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[[Category:Abrahamic Religions]]
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[[Category:Theism]]
 

Latest revision as of 23:29, October 23, 2025

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creationism
Michelangelo's painting of the creation of the Sun and Moon.

Creationism is the majority belief that the earth and universe were created by God. Creationism rejects atheists' belief that the universe was not created by God.[1] The vast majority of Christians and Christian leaders throughout history have accepted biblical creation,[2] and most other major religions fully accept creationism also. Accepting creationism helps strengthen faith, and thereby overcome addiction and anxiety. Unbiased science supports creationism.

Biblical creationism is primarily based on: the compelling testimony provided by God's wondrous creation; the historical and prophetic evidence supporting the Bible; religious belief and on the scientific evidence provided through creation science. Biblical creationism, which includes the idea that man is created in the image of God, has profoundly affected Western Civilization in a positive way. Some of the areas Western culture has benefited include human rights and law, ethics and morality, economics, science, and the arts (see also: Christianity and science and Social effects of the theory of evolution).[3]

Creation Ministries International, a leading biblical creation organization, declared:

“ Creationist research is having a global effect that is worrying the atheists and secularists of this world. They have had it all their own way for over a century but things are slowly changing. For almost twenty-five years now, Journal of Creation has been publishing cutting-edge creationist research that has been fueling the war against evolution, creating little fires all around the world, including Great Britain. Those who hold the views of Creationism are referred to as Creationists.[4]

Atheist scientist, Prof. Richard Dawkins, speaking at the 20th anniversary of the Edinburgh International Science Festival in April 2008, argued that the rise of creationism in British schools raised a serious problem for science teachers.

It is a very worrying trend,’ he said, ‘and I think a lot of it has come over from America and Australia.’[5]

”

Within creationism in the Abrahamic religions, there are various ideas. Concerning those religions, one form of creationism holds that the earth is approximately 6,000 years old and is referred to as Young Earth Creationism. The other form of creationism is called Old Earth Creationism and holds that the earth and universe are billions of years old. Creationist scientists demonstrate that the first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics argue against an eternal universe, and they also demonstrate that these laws point to the universe being supernaturally created.[6][7][8] Dr. Norman Geisler stated that "Both young- and old-earthers believe that God supernaturally, directly and immediately produced every kind of animal and human as separate and genetically distinct forms of life." [9] Dr. Norman Geisler also wrote that "both young- and old-earthers who are evangelical hold to the historicity of the Genesis account: They believe that Adam and Eve were literal people, the progenitors of the entire human race." [9] Creation scientists assert that the theory of evolution is in conflict with the evidence provided by the physical sciences and often cite secular scientific sources which agree with them on various points (for further details please see: evolution).[10]

Those who hold to young-earth creationism point out that nearly every culture in the world has a creation story and a flood story.[11][12][13][14][15] Many of these creation accounts and flood accounts have commonalities with the account given in the book of Genesis although gross differences exist also.[11][12][13] The Institute for Creation Research has taken the position that the similarities in creation accounts to the Genesis account demonstrate that the main points of the Genesis account have been preserved.[12] In regard to the assertion that the similarities in flood stories around the world show common origin, young earth creationists particularly assert that there are strong similarities between the Genesis flood account and other world flood accounts.[13][16] Also, there are remarkable similarities between Native American creation myths and the biblical account given in Genesis concerning creation.[17]

Global creationism

See also: Global creationism

Dr. Carl Wieland was a founder of Creation Ministries International, a Christian ministry that is in four continents.

In 2012, the University at Toronto reported: “We have seen in the last two decades a rapid spread of creationism beyond the United States and beyond Christianity to other religions to the present time where it is a global phenomenon,” said Numbers in a talk entitled Creationism Goes Global. “But the big story in the last 20 years is the booming enterprise of creationism in the Islamic world.”[18]

Johns Hopkins University Press reported in 2014: "Over the past forty years, creationism has spread swiftly among European Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Hindus, and Muslims, even as anti-creationists sought to smother its flames."[19] See also: Evolutionary indoctrination

On October 4, 2014, the Vancouver Sun reported that evolutionism is rejected by hundreds of millions of evangelical Christians and Muslims around the world.[20]

Specifically, the Vancouver Sun declared:

“ Creationism, a religious worldview that adamantly rejects Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, is on the rise among evangelical Protestants and most of the world’s Muslims.

It is not only the majority of residents in Muslim countries such as Pakistan, Indonesia and Turkey who strongly reject the teaching that humans and other species evolved over millions of years from less complex creatures. So do tens of millions of evangelical Christians in North America (as well as South America and Africa).

Overall, [Nidhal Guessoum, a Middle Eastern physics and astronomy professor] who teaches at the American University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates, estimates roughly 60 percent of the world’s Muslims are creationists, including many living in the U.S. and Canada.

Even though poll results about evolution vary based on the questions asked, Salman Hameed reported in the journal Science that strong anti-evolution majorities exist in Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt and Pakistan. The latter is among Canada’s top six source countries for immigrants...

An Angus-Reid survey found 43 percent of Americans accept the creationist teaching that the Earth is less than 10,000 years old, which means they reject the...view the universe began roughly 13 billion years ago.[21]

”

Belief in creation has regrown[2][22] rapidly in Europe, as can be seen by secularist hysteria over the occurrence.[23]

Rapid growth of biblical creation belief in China

See also: China and biblical creationism

Evangelical Christianity is growing rapidly in China (see: Growth of Christianity in China). China may have one of the largest populations of biblical creationists in the world by 2030 (see: China and biblical creationism).

Jun-Yuan Chen Research Professor Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology was quoted in the Wall Street Journal as saying, "In China we can criticize Darwin but not the government. In America you can criticize the government, but not Darwin."[24]

Henry Morris and the birth of the modern creationist movement

Henry Morris

See also: Henry Morris

Henry Morris (October 6, 1918 – February 25, 2006) was a prominent young earth creationist, Christian apologist, scholar, and hydrologist. He is most notable in his role in the modern creation science movement, co-authoring The Genesis Flood and co-founding the Institute for Creation Research and serving as its president from 1970 until 1995 and as president emeritus until his death. Dr. Morris was the intellectual father of the modern creation science movement, and he also first coined the term "creation science".[25]

Growth of modern creationism and Christian apologetics

See also: Atheism vs. Christian revival and Christian apologetics

The effect of evolutionism on the Western World and the world at large was mitigated by the growth of modern creationism and Christian apologetics in the latter half of the 20th century and today global creationism, Christian apologetics and global Christianity are seeing rapid growth.[20][26][27]

Johns Hopkins University Press reported in 2014: "Over the past forty years, creationism has spread swiftly among European Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Hindus, and Muslims, even as anti-creationists sought to smother its flames."[28]

History of the growth of creationism and its effect on Christendom

Dr. Johnson C. Philip & Dr. Saneesh Cherian wrote in their work Introduction To Integrated Christian Apologetics:

“ American evangelical Christians have begun to notice in the fifties that compromise is a slow poison that ultimately destroys respect for truth. Some of them came together and started writing aggressively on themes defending the historical and scientific reliability of the Bible. This gave birth to the modern interest in Apologetics and Creationism. At the dawn of the twenty-first century the influence of this revival has spread all over the world, and today more than one hundred and fifty organizations function around the world, devoted solely to apologetics. Their influence has been so strong that a large number of Seminaries all around the world have begun to assert the historical and scientific reliability of the Bible...

...with the birth of the modern creationism and apologetics, a revival set in motion among the evangelical Christians. This group became quite vocal and aggressive in the sixties, and by the seventies they started exerting significant influence among theologians, thinkers, and Bible teachers all over the world.

Thousands of apologetic books, hundreds of magazines, and tens of thousands of articles have been produced defending the Bible since. In turn, this has started to diminish the influence of rationalists and radicals on Christians.

From the middle of the nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth century the rationalists had their heyday, snatching away millions of young people from their Christian faith and commitment. The wounds of this loss can be seen in Christendom even today, but at the same time this loss has been greatly minimized now because of the work of Christian apologists.

Today anyone desiring to know about the Bible, and its connection with science, evolution, history, and archaeology, has read any number of books on this topic. Literally thousands of titles are available, and he can choose anywhere from the most simple books to the most technically advanced ones. Thus the modern apologetics movement has been able to arrest the way in which rationalists have been bleeding the Christian church.[27]

”

Internet creationism

See also: Internet creationism

On February 24, 2015, the Science Nordic website declared:

“ Creationism, the belief that a god -- not evolution -- shaped life on Earth, is ... spreading in the very stronghold of evolution, Europe. That’s the conclusion of five years of research that’s been put into a new book on creationism. The book details how creationism is on the march throughout most of Europe.

"Creationism is most dominant in Eastern Europe and Turkey, but even some schools in the Netherlands are teaching creationism," says one of the book’s authors Hans Henrik Hjermitslev, University College South Denmark. "Politicians in some German federal states are advocating that schools use creationist books alongside those about evolutionary theory in their lessons. This kind of struggle is going on on a small scale in many places."...

"Over the last ten years we’ve seen the emergence of big-city creationism. London is a good example," says Kjærgaar.

Here, noticeably more young people have been signed up to various local and religious groups.

"And this doesn't just apply to young Muslims as many people might think. Christian groups are also recruiting young people...

Creationism has particularly been on the rise in step with the internet, which according to Peter Kjærgaard has made it much easier for people to become activists...[29]

”

Answers in Genesis, Creation Ministries International and Institute for Creation Research have websites which consists of thousands of web pages and their respective websites receive significant web traffic.

Creation Ministries International has a 15 questions for evolutionists web page which features questions that evolutionists cannot satisfactorily answer, an interactive survey, videos and articles on various creation vs. evolution topics.

Creationism and Intelligent Design

See also: Intelligent design

Intelligent design
Intelligent design theorists contend that the core feature of life consists of information processing systems that cannot be fully explained as being the result of unintelligent causes alone.

Believers in the Abrahamic faiths who hold to creationism believe that the natural world has been designed by God. Recently, there have been articles which were favorable to the intelligent design position in scientific journals which traditionally have favored the macroevolutionary position.[30] Believers in the Abrahamic faiths have points of agreement and disagreement with the intelligent design movement. They agree that the natural world has an intelligent cause and was designed as mentioned previously. However, some advocates of creationism believe that the intelligent design movement divorces the Creator from creation by not explicitly stating that the cause of creation is a supernatural being and also failing to state explicitly who that supernatural being is.[31]

There is considerable disagreement on whether or not intelligent design amounts to a form of creationism and if so, where to place it in comparison to the other forms of creationism. This is due to the concept having many different definitions and proponents espousing different ideas.

For example, one major proponent of Intelligent Design is Young Earth Creationist Paul Nelson, while Michael Behe, another major proponent, accepts common descent. William Dembski has stated unequivocally that Intelligent Design is not theistic evolution and they should not be considered the same.[32] Dembski has also asserted that Intelligent Design is the Logos in terms of information theory,[33] while Dembski and others have given other definitions that do not include any specific theological references. Arguably, intelligent design can be summarized as the notion that at some point in the past, in some way, some entity (possibly God) created life, or altered life at some point, or created the universe to be compatible with life.

Behe and others have stated that Intelligent Design is not religious in nature but in the Dover trial, Judge John E. Jones III, a Republican and a US Federal District Judge, ruled as one of his findings that Intelligent Design was essentially religious in nature. The opinion borrowed heavily from the ACLU's briefs.[34] The Kitzmiller vs. Dover case did not take into account that atheistic evolution is religious in nature.[35][36][37]

Islamic creationism

See also: Atheism vs. Islam

According to the news website The Commentator: "Belief in evolution remains a minority position in virtually all Muslim societies around the world today. According to studies, 22 percent of Turks, 16 percent of Indonesians, 14 percent of Pakistanis, 11 percent of Malaysians, and 8 percent of Egyptians believe in evolution."[38]

In 2010, the Islamic creationist Harun Yahya was chosen among the top 500 most influential Muslims by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies center in Jordan.[39]

Assuming patterns of net immigration do not change significantly, the Pew Forum thinks that there will be just over 5.5 million British Muslims, representing 8.2 per cent of the UK population, by 2030.[40]

See: Atheism vs. Islam

In 2009, The Guardian reported:

“ Mass migration has led to a rise in creationist beliefs across Europe, according to a British scientist.

Michael Reiss, who is a professor of education at the Institute of Education in London and an Anglican priest, said the evolution-creationism debate could no longer be thought of as something that happened elsewhere and that more and more people in the UK did not accept evolution.

Reiss told the Guardian that countries with a higher proportion of Muslims or fundamentalist Christians in their population were more likely to reject evolution. He added: "What the Turks believe today is what the Germans and British believe tomorrow. It is because of the mass movement of people between countries.

"These things can no longer be thought of as occurring in other countries. In London, where I work, there are increasingly quite large numbers of highly intelligent 16, 17 and 18-year-olds doing Advanced Level biology who do not accept evolution. That's either because they come from a fundamentalist Christian background or from Muslim backgrounds."[41]

”

New atheist Richard Dawkins on Islamic creationism and multiculturism

See also: New Atheism as a reaction to creationism

The British newspaper The Telegraph reported in an article entitled Richard Dawkins: Muslim parents 'import creationism' into schools:

“ Prof Dawkins, a well-known atheist, also blamed the Government for accommodating religious views and allowing creationism to be taught in schools.

"Most devout Muslims are creationists so when you go to schools, there are a large number of children of Islamic parents who trot out what they have been taught," Prof Dawkins said in a Sunday newspaper interview.

"Teachers are bending over backward to respect home prejudices that children have been brought up with. The Government could do more, but it doesn't want to because it is fanatical about multiculturalism and the need to respect the different traditions from which these children come."[42]

”

Biblical creation publications

See also: Biblical creation journals

Some prominent biblical creation publications are given below:

Adherents and Opponents of Creationism

Traditionally, Judaism supported young earth creationism.[43] Orthodox Judaism currently has diverse opinions regarding young earth creationism.[44] Ultra-Orthodox Judaism accepts young earth creationism.[45]

In addition, a majority of the early church fathers supported the young-earth creationist view.[46] While Young Earth Creationism is prominent in many conservative Protestant denominations, theologically liberal Protestant and Jewish denominations generally reject it.[47][48][49] The Roman Catholic Church has a cautiously positive view of the theory of evolution.[50][51]

Islam has a variety of opinions regarding creationism and the theory of evolution.[52]

Atheists do not believe in young earth creationism and a vast majority of the most prominent and vocal defenders of the evolutionary position since World War II have been atheists.[53][54] In his autobiography Charles Darwin wrote about the diminishment of his religious faith and Darwin stated that he was an agnostic.[55] Darwin wrote the following: "The mystery of the beginning of all things is insoluble to us; and I for one must be content to remain an Agnostic."[55] On the other hand, Charles Darwin in his private diaries stated he was a materialist which is a type of atheist. While agnostics do not believe in young earth creationism there have been some notable statements of skepticism regarding the theory of evolution from agnostics.[56][57] On the other hand, Thomas Huxley was a staunch proponent of the theory of evolution and he stated he was an agnostic.[58][59]

The leftist mainstream media, unsurprisingly, hates creation, just as it does with anything related to conservatism and biblical Christianity that contradicts left-wing views and secularism.[60]

Jobe Martin, president of the Biblical Discipleship Ministries of Rockwall, Texas, questions various tenets of evolution:

Evolutionists admit to each other that "the creationists have the better argument." This is because what we see in life and in the fossils does not display emerging kinds of plants or animals. Evolution from one cell to man is not scientifically observable at all.

The universe is young - on the order of several thousand, not billions of years old. Man, dinosaur, and mastodon walked the earth at the same time. The "missing links" are missing. God created discrete plants and animals in the beginning and, with minor variations, these are what we see today. Mutations in the genes do not generate new life forms or even improve present life forms. Mutations harm or kill the organism into which they come. Prehistoric man was either an ape, monkey, or a man and not some genetically evolving apelike man or manlike ape.

The religious quest to prove evolution from the Big Bang to man will occupy the singular life of many but will end in despair for all who pursue the myth of evolutionary faith.[61]

Recommended books

  • J.D. Mitchell, The Creation Dialogues - A Response to the Position of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on Evolution, Christianity and the Bible, Pleasant Word (Winepress Pub), 2010 ISBN 1414118007[62][63]
  • Dr. Grady S. McMurtry, Creation: Our Worldview, TEC Publications, Columbus, GA 2010 ISBN 0-9674006-1-9
  • Jonathan Sarfati, Refuting Evolution, Master Books, 1999 (Free on-line version) ISBN 0890512582
  • Jonathan Sarfati, Refuting Evolution 2, Master Books, 2002,(Free on-line version) ISBN 0890513872
v • d • e
Creation vs. evolution
Evolution
Hoaxes, Controversies, and Debates
Creation science and Creationism

See also

External links

Young Earth Creationist Organizations

Anti-Darwinism/creationist, French/English website:

Young Earth articles and other resources:

Old Earth Creationists

References

  1. ↑ 15 questions for evolutionists - Question 15 deals with the idea that evolution is a religion
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Turpin, Simon (December 29, 2016). A Response to “The Age of the Earth: A Plea for Geo-Chronological Non-Dogmatism”. Answers in Genesis. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
  3. ↑
  4. ↑ "creationist." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. 21 Mar. 2007. <Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/creationist>.
  5. ↑ https://creation.com/growth-of-creation-science-in-uk-worries-prof-dawkins
  6. ↑ Evidences for God From Space—Laws of Science
  7. ↑ Thompson, Bert, So Long, Eternal Universe; Hello Beginning, Hello End!, 2001 (Apologetics Press)
  8. ↑ http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/AstroPhysicalSciences14.html
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 http://www.johnankerberg.org/Articles/science/SC0305W3.htm
  10. ↑ http://www.creation.com/content/view/21
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 http://www.katapi.org.uk/BAndS/ChII.htm
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 https://www.icr.org/article/108/
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 https://www.icr.org/article/570/
  14. ↑ http://library.thinkquest.org/18757/creation.htm
  15. ↑ http://www.grisda.org/origins/17051.htm
  16. ↑ http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v2/n2/flood-legends
  17. ↑ Indian creation myths - CMI
  18. ↑ Creationism Goes Global, University of Toronto News, 2012
  19. ↑ Creationism spreading in Europe
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Evolution rejected by hundreds of millions of Muslims and evangelicals, Vancouver Sun, October 4, 2014
  21. ↑ Evolution rejected by hundreds of millions of Muslims and evangelicals, Vancouver Sun, October 4, 2014. 9:12 am
  22. ↑ It should be clearly and strongly noted that creation was the dominant theory in Europe and Christianity prior to the "Enlightenment", when Christians and XINOs began to compromise on this issue.
  23. ↑ Turpin, Simon (December 26, 2016). Creation Invasion in Europe. Answers in Genesis. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  24. ↑ Two views about how Darwinism stays in place, with but one difference
  25. ↑ Schudel, Matt (March 1, 2006). Henry Morris; Intellectual Father of 'Creation Science'. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  26. ↑ Thriving Christianity
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Introduction To Integrated Christian Apologetics, Dr. Johnson C. Philip & Dr. Saneesh Cherian
  28. ↑ Creationism in Europe
  29. ↑ Scientists warn: creationism is on the rise in Europe, Science Nordic
  30. ↑ http://www.discovery.org/scripts/viewDB/index.php?command=view&id=2640
  31. ↑ http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/am/v1/n1/intelligent-design-movement
  32. ↑ What every theologian should know about creation, evolution, and design Center for Interdisciplinary Studies Transactions 3(2), William Demsbki
  33. ↑ [1] Signs of Intelligence: A Primer on the Discernment of Intelligent Design Touchstone Magazine, Volume 12, Issue 4 July–August 1999
  34. ↑ [2]
  35. ↑ https://creation.com/atheism-a-religion
  36. ↑ http://www.intelligentdesignnetwork.org/Kitzmiller%27s_error_summary.pdf
  37. ↑ http://www.intelligentdesignnetwork.org/Kitzmiller%27s_Error.pdf
  38. ↑ [The Muslim theory of evolution] by Ghaffar Hussain On 14 January 2013 10:03
  39. ↑ Harun Yahya’s Islamic Creationism: What It Is and Isn’t by Stefano Bigliardi Volume 38.1, January/February 2014
  40. ↑ FactCheck: will Britain have a Muslim majority by 2050?
  41. ↑ Migration is spreading creationism across Europe, claims academic by Riazat Butt, religious affairs correspondent, Friday 13 November 2009 07.49 EST
  42. ↑ Richard Dawkins: Muslim parents 'import creationism' into schools, The Telegraph
  43. ↑ James-Griffiths, James,Creation days and Orthodox Jewish tradition Creation 26(2):53–55, March 2004.
  44. ↑ Rabbinical Council of America, Creation, Evolution, and Intelligent Design.
  45. ↑ Winnick, Pamela R.,Evolutionary War Toledo City Paper, March 7, 2002.
  46. ↑ Bradshaw, Robert I., Creationism & the Early Church, chapter 3, The Days of Genesis 1.
  47. ↑ Morris, Henry, Old-Earth Creationism Back to Genesis April 1997.
  48. ↑ What Conservative Protestants Believe (beliefnet).
  49. ↑ Jarvik, Elaine, Beliefs on Darwin's evolution vary from religion to religion Deseret Morning News 19 January 2006.
  50. ↑ https://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-04-11-pope-evolution-creation_N.htm
  51. ↑ Heneghan, Tom, Catholics and Evolution: Interview with Cardinal Christoph Schönborn (beliefnet).
  52. ↑ http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_151_200/muslim_responses_to_evolution.htm
  53. ↑ Batten, Don, A Who’s Who of evolutionists Creation 20(1):32 December 1997.
  54. ↑ http://www.creationists.org/nas.html
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 http://www.update.uu.se/~fbendz/library/cd_relig.htm
  56. ↑ Woodward, Thomas E., Doubts About Darwin (Apologetics Press).
  57. ↑ Agnostic Philosopher Caught in Conspiracy to Question Darwinism Evolution News & Views, (Discovery Institute).
  58. ↑ http://www.creation.com/content/view/1025
  59. ↑ http://www.arn.org/docs/odesign/od171/desmond171.htm
  60. ↑ Hallett, Vicky (December 30, 2016). Now there’s a theory that dinosaurs were wiped out in Noah’s flood. The Washington Post. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  61. ↑ Jobe Martin, The Evolution of a Creationist: A Layman's Guide to the conflict between The Bible and Evolutionary Theory, Rockwall, Texas: Biblical Discipleship Publishers, 1994, p. 199.
  62. ↑ http://www.creationengineeringconcepts.org/index.php?p=1_35_THE-CREATION-DIALOGUES
  63. ↑ http://www.christianbook.com/dialogues-american-association-advancement-evolution-christianity/j-d-mitchell/9781414118000/pd/118002
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