Difference between revisions of "There Are No Atheists In Foxholes"
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| − | [[File:Foxhole.jpg|thumb|right| | + | [[File:Foxhole.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Reverend William T. Cummings is famous for declaring ''There are no atheists in foxholes''.<ref name="listserv">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080617035633/http://listserv.linguistlist.org/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0609D&L=ads-l&P=15696 Archived Discussion on Linguist List - Listserve]</ref>]] |
| − | Reverend William T. Cummings, who served at Bataan, is famous for declaring "'''There are no atheists in foxholes'''."<ref name="listserv" /> The exact origin of the phrase "There | + | Reverend William T. Cummings, who served at Bataan, is famous for declaring "'''There are no atheists in foxholes'''."<ref name="listserv" /> The exact origin of the phrase "There are no [[Atheism|atheists]] in foxholes" is unclear, but it appears to be of [[World War I]] origin. |
<ref>[https://quoteinvestigator.com/2016/11/02/foxhole/ There Are No Atheists in Foxholes], Quote Investigator website</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/What-is-the-origin-of-the-phrase-there-are-no-atheists-in-a-foxhole/articleshow/4167370.cms What is the origin of the phrase 'there are no atheists in a foxhole'?], ''Times of India'', February 22, 2009</ref> | <ref>[https://quoteinvestigator.com/2016/11/02/foxhole/ There Are No Atheists in Foxholes], Quote Investigator website</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/What-is-the-origin-of-the-phrase-there-are-no-atheists-in-a-foxhole/articleshow/4167370.cms What is the origin of the phrase 'there are no atheists in a foxhole'?], ''Times of India'', February 22, 2009</ref> | ||
| − | Chaplain F.W. Lawson of the 302d Machine Gun Battalion, who was wounded twice in wartime, declared "I doubt if there is such a thing as an | + | Chaplain F.W. Lawson of the 302d Machine Gun Battalion, who was wounded twice in wartime, declared "I doubt if there is such a thing as an atheist. At least there isn't in a front line trench."<ref name="listserv" /> Hannah More wrote: "In agony or danger, no nature is atheist. The mind that knows not what to fly to, flies to [[God]]."<ref>[http://christian-quotes.ochristian.com/Hannah-More-Quotes/ Hannah More quotes]</ref> |
President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] declared in remarks broadcast from the [[White House]] as part of a February 7, 1954 American Legion Program: | President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] declared in remarks broadcast from the [[White House]] as part of a February 7, 1954 American Legion Program: | ||
| − | {{cquote|As a former soldier, I am delighted that our veterans are sponsoring a movement to increase our awareness of God in our daily lives. In battle, they learned a great truth-that there are no atheists in the foxholes. They know that in time of test and trial, we instinctively turn to | + | {{cquote|As a former soldier, I am delighted that our veterans are sponsoring a movement to increase our awareness of God in our daily lives. In battle, they learned a great truth-that there are no atheists in the foxholes. They know that in time of test and trial, we instinctively turn to God for new courage…Whatever our individual church, whatever our personal creed, our common faith in God is a common bond among us.<ref>[http://yesteeyear.com/news/dwight-eisenhower-there-are-no-atheists-in-foxholes/ Dwight Eisenhower: There are No Atheists in Foxholes]</ref>}} |
| − | In recent years the organization Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers has taken up use of the slogan "Atheists in Foxholes" as a list of those men and women who serve the country while lacking a belief in God/[[Polytheism|gods]].<ref>[http://www.militaryatheists.org/expaif.html Atheists in Foxholes, in Cockpits, and on Ships], Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers website</ref> | + | In recent years the organization Military Association of Atheists and [[Freethought|Freethinkers]] has taken up use of the slogan "Atheists in Foxholes" as a list of those men and women who serve the country while lacking a [[belief]] in God/[[Polytheism|gods]].<ref>[http://www.militaryatheists.org/expaif.html Atheists in Foxholes, in Cockpits, and on Ships], Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers website</ref> |
== Research study: Combat Intensity and Religious Behavior == | == Research study: Combat Intensity and Religious Behavior == | ||
| − | In September of 2013, in the ''Journal of Religion and Health'', Brian Wansink and Craig S. Wansink published a study entitled ''Are There Atheists in Foxholes? Combat Intensity and Religious Behavior'' and the journal article abstract declares: | + | In September of 2013, in the ''Journal of [[Religion]] and Health'', Brian Wansink and Craig S. Wansink published a study entitled ''Are There Atheists in Foxholes? Combat Intensity and Religious Behavior'' and the journal article abstract declares: |
{{cquote|Abstract: After battle, the moral and mortality stresses influence different soldiers in different ways. Using two large-scale surveys of World War II veterans, this research investigates the impact of combat on religiosity. Study 1 shows that as combat became more frightening, the percentage of soldiers who reported praying rose from 42 to 72 %. Study 2 shows that 50 years later, many soldiers still exhibited religious behavior, but it varied by their war experience. Soldiers who faced heavy combat (vs. no combat) attended church 21 % more often if they claimed their war experience was negative, but those who claimed their experience was positive attended 26 % less often. The more a combat veteran disliked the war, the more religious they were 50 years later. While implications for counselors, clergy, support groups, and health practitioners are outlined, saying there are no atheists in foxholes may be less of an argument against atheism than it is against foxholes."<ref>[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10943-013-9733-y Are There Atheists in Foxholes? Combat Intensity and Religious Behavior]by Brian Wansink and Craig S. Wansink, ''Journal of Religion and Health'', 2013</ref>}} | {{cquote|Abstract: After battle, the moral and mortality stresses influence different soldiers in different ways. Using two large-scale surveys of World War II veterans, this research investigates the impact of combat on religiosity. Study 1 shows that as combat became more frightening, the percentage of soldiers who reported praying rose from 42 to 72 %. Study 2 shows that 50 years later, many soldiers still exhibited religious behavior, but it varied by their war experience. Soldiers who faced heavy combat (vs. no combat) attended church 21 % more often if they claimed their war experience was negative, but those who claimed their experience was positive attended 26 % less often. The more a combat veteran disliked the war, the more religious they were 50 years later. While implications for counselors, clergy, support groups, and health practitioners are outlined, saying there are no atheists in foxholes may be less of an argument against atheism than it is against foxholes."<ref>[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10943-013-9733-y Are There Atheists in Foxholes? Combat Intensity and Religious Behavior]by Brian Wansink and Craig S. Wansink, ''Journal of Religion and Health'', 2013</ref>}} | ||
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''See also:'' [[Atheism and death]] and [[Atheism and anxiety]] and [[Atheism and cryonics]] | ''See also:'' [[Atheism and death]] and [[Atheism and anxiety]] and [[Atheism and cryonics]] | ||
| − | On April 2, 2012, ''Science Daily'' reported that ''Death anxiety increases atheists' unconscious belief in God''.<ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120402094322.htm Death anxiety increases atheists' unconscious belief in God], Science Daily], Date: April 2, 2012</ref> In a 2012 ''Psychology Today'' article, Dr. Nathan A. Heflick reported similar results in other studies.<ref>[http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-big-questions/201205/atheists-death-and-belief-in-god Atheists, Death and Belief in God The Effects of Death Reminders on Atheists' Supernatural Beliefs], ''Psychology Today'', Published on May 25, 2012 by Nathan A. Heflick, Ph.D. in The Big Questions</ref> For more information on death anxiety in atheists and other types of individuals based on brain research studies (including studies that examined the effects of stress), please see the article: [[Atheism and death]] | + | On April 2, 2012, ''Science Daily'' reported that ''Death [[anxiety]] increases atheists' unconscious belief in God''.<ref>[http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/04/120402094322.htm Death anxiety increases atheists' unconscious belief in God], Science Daily], Date: April 2, 2012</ref> In a 2012 ''Psychology Today'' article, Dr. Nathan A. Heflick reported similar results in other studies.<ref>[http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-big-questions/201205/atheists-death-and-belief-in-god Atheists, Death and Belief in God The Effects of Death Reminders on Atheists' Supernatural Beliefs], ''Psychology Today'', Published on May 25, 2012 by Nathan A. Heflick, Ph.D. in The Big Questions</ref> For more information on death anxiety in atheists and other types of individuals based on brain research studies (including studies that examined the effects of stress), please see the article: [[Atheism and death]] |
(Under stress, the brain's processing works in a way that prefers unconscious thinking.<ref> | (Under stress, the brain's processing works in a way that prefers unconscious thinking.<ref> | ||
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Due to research showing that death anxiety increases atheists' unconscious belief in God, Dr. Nathan Heflick declared in a ''Psychology Today'' article, "But, at a less conscious (or pre-conscious) level, this research suggests that there might be less atheism in foxholes than atheists in foxholes report."<ref>[http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-big-questions/201205/atheists-death-and-belief-in-god Atheists, Death and Belief in God The Effects of Death Reminders on Atheists' Supernatural Beliefs], ''Psychology Today'', Published on May 25, 2012 by Nathan A. Heflick, Ph.D. in The Big Questions</ref> For more information, please see: [[Atheism and death]] | Due to research showing that death anxiety increases atheists' unconscious belief in God, Dr. Nathan Heflick declared in a ''Psychology Today'' article, "But, at a less conscious (or pre-conscious) level, this research suggests that there might be less atheism in foxholes than atheists in foxholes report."<ref>[http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-big-questions/201205/atheists-death-and-belief-in-god Atheists, Death and Belief in God The Effects of Death Reminders on Atheists' Supernatural Beliefs], ''Psychology Today'', Published on May 25, 2012 by Nathan A. Heflick, Ph.D. in The Big Questions</ref> For more information, please see: [[Atheism and death]] | ||
| − | === Atheism and | + | === Atheism and Hell === |
''See also:'' [[Atheism and Hell]] | ''See also:'' [[Atheism and Hell]] | ||
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The journalist and [[ex-atheists|ex-atheist]] [[Peter Hitchens]], who is the brother of the late atheist [[Christopher Hitchens]], said upon seeing an art exhibit of [[Michelangelo]]'s painting ''The Last Judgment'' he came to the realization that he might be judged which startled him.<ref>[http://vimeo.com/10354237 Interview of Peter Hitchens] - Video at Vimeo</ref> This started a train of thought within Peter Hichens that eventually led him to become a [[Christian]].<ref>[http://vimeo.com/10354237 Interview of Peter Hitchens] - Video at Vimeo</ref> | The journalist and [[ex-atheists|ex-atheist]] [[Peter Hitchens]], who is the brother of the late atheist [[Christopher Hitchens]], said upon seeing an art exhibit of [[Michelangelo]]'s painting ''The Last Judgment'' he came to the realization that he might be judged which startled him.<ref>[http://vimeo.com/10354237 Interview of Peter Hitchens] - Video at Vimeo</ref> This started a train of thought within Peter Hichens that eventually led him to become a [[Christian]].<ref>[http://vimeo.com/10354237 Interview of Peter Hitchens] - Video at Vimeo</ref> | ||
| − | === Atheism and | + | === Atheism and life after death === |
| − | + | *[[Atheism and life after death]] | |
| − | [[ | + | *[[Atheism and cryonics]] |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | *[[Atheism and transhumanism]] | |
| − | + | ||
| − | * | + | |
== Atheism/religion, moral courage, emotional intelligence and troop/unit morale == | == Atheism/religion, moral courage, emotional intelligence and troop/unit morale == | ||
| − | In combat conditions, the bravery/cowardice of soldiers is partially dependent on moral courage, [[emotional intelligence|emotional resilience]], and troop/unit morale/cohesion. | + | In combat conditions, the [[Courage|bravery]]/[[cowardice]] of soldiers is partially dependent on moral courage, [[emotional intelligence|emotional resilience]], and troop/unit morale/cohesion. |
=== Brain study: Religious belief vs. non-belief - Anxiety/stress reduction === | === Brain study: Religious belief vs. non-belief - Anxiety/stress reduction === | ||
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''See also:'' [[Atheism and anxiety#Brain study: Religious belief vs. non-belief - Anxiety/stress reduction|Religious belief vs. non-belief - Anxiety/stress reduction]] and [[Atheism and the brain]] | ''See also:'' [[Atheism and anxiety#Brain study: Religious belief vs. non-belief - Anxiety/stress reduction|Religious belief vs. non-belief - Anxiety/stress reduction]] and [[Atheism and the brain]] | ||
| − | According to the leading science news website Phys.org: | + | According to the leading [[science]] news website Phys.org: |
{{cquote|Believing in God can help block anxiety and minimize stress, according to new University of Toronto research that shows distinct brain differences between believers and non-believers. | {{cquote|Believing in God can help block anxiety and minimize stress, according to new University of Toronto research that shows distinct brain differences between believers and non-believers. | ||
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In recent years, there have been a number of notable instances of atheists refusing to debate and many ascribe this unwillingness to [[cowardice]] (see: [[Atheism and cowardice]]). | In recent years, there have been a number of notable instances of atheists refusing to debate and many ascribe this unwillingness to [[cowardice]] (see: [[Atheism and cowardice]]). | ||
| − | == | + | == Atheism, religion and mental toughness == |
| + | See: [[Atheism and mental toughness|Atheism, religion and mental toughness]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Combat readiness, physical fitness, military drilling and death anxiety == | ||
| + | [[File:Flag of Orthodox Army (Battle of Kulikovo)3.PNG|right|250px|thumb|Russian forces carrying the [[Shroud_of_Turin#Image_of_Edessa.2FMandylion|Image of Edessa]] into combat during the [[NATO Russia war]].]] | ||
In addition, combat readiness in military personnel is enhanced through vigorous physical training and military drilling. The more combat ability military personnel have, the less their anxiety. | In addition, combat readiness in military personnel is enhanced through vigorous physical training and military drilling. The more combat ability military personnel have, the less their anxiety. | ||
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*[[Atheism and health]] | *[[Atheism and health]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Orthodox Christianity]] is the predominant religion in [[Russia]], and it's not uncommon for soldiers to recite Orthodox prayers or mantras before engaging in combat. | ||
| + | |||
| + | A frequently used Orthodox prayer among Russian soldiers is the "Prayer of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker." This prayer, known for its association with safeguarding and protection, seeks the intercession of St. Nicholas, who is revered as a patron saint of soldiers. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Additionally, Russian soldiers might also use the "Jesus Prayer." This concise prayer calls for [[Jesus Christ]]'s [[mercy]] and [[forgiveness]] and can be continuously repeated as a meditative or focusing practice prior to battle. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Только с Богом жизнь будет идти в мире и согласии. (Only with God will life go on in peace and harmony.)<ref>[https://x.com/DD_Geopolitics/status/1737709712786051314 Russian soldiers praying before battle.] DD Geopolitics [[X]], Dec 20, 2023. x.com/DD_Geopolitics</ref> | ||
| + | · | ||
| + | {{clear}} | ||
== Religion in the military == | == Religion in the military == | ||
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The abstract for the ''Journal of Religion and Health'' article entitled ''Religiosity as a Moderator of Self-Efficacy and Social Support in Predicting Traumatic Stress Among Combat Soldiers'' declares: | The abstract for the ''Journal of Religion and Health'' article entitled ''Religiosity as a Moderator of Self-Efficacy and Social Support in Predicting Traumatic Stress Among Combat Soldiers'' declares: | ||
| − | {{Cquote|Based on a sample of 54 | + | {{Cquote|Based on a sample of 54 [[Israel]]i soldiers (51 % non-religious, 49 % religious) surveyed upon their return from combat, this study investigates the moderating role of religiosity as a factor that may strengthen cognitive processing tied to the [[belief]] in oneself to [[perseverance|persevere]] (i.e., [[self-efficacy]]) after trauma and/or as a factor tied to enhanced external social support that religious individuals in particular may benefit from by their involvement in a religious community. Findings revealed (1) social support was tied to greater resilience within the general sample; (2) religious soldiers were less susceptible to traumatic stress than non-religious soldiers; and (3) religiosity moderated the relationship between self-efficacy and traumatic stress but not the relationship between social support and traumatic stress. Implications of findings are discussed.<ref>[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10943-016-0187-x ''Religiosity as a Moderator of Self-Efficacy and Social Support in Predicting Traumatic Stress Among Combat Soldiers''], ''Journal of Religion and Health''</ref>}} |
== There are no atheists on a sinking ship == | == There are no atheists on a sinking ship == | ||
| − | ''See also:'' [[There are no atheists on a sinking ship]] and [[ | + | ''See also:'' [[There are no atheists on a sinking ship]] and [[There are no atheists on turbulent airplanes]] |
| − | [[File: | + | [[File:There are no atheists on a sinking ship.jpg|thumbnail|250px|center|A close variant of the phrase "There are no atheists in foxholes" is the phrase, "There are no atheists on a sinking [[ship]]".<ref>[https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=21&ved=2ahUKEwivws2HypXkAhWuY98KHZplByg4FBAWMAB6BAgBEAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatmalvernpriory.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fmedia%2F165_Peter%2520Edwards%2520morning%252006%2520April%25202014%2520-%2520Benedict%2520sermon%2520series%2520-%2520Prayer.pdf&usg=AOvVaw02162uSH8DAWcFMfj8JXbH A sermon preached by the Reverend Peter Edwards in Great Malvern Priory]</ref><ref>[https://mighty-warrior.org/2018/05/23/there-are-no-atheists-on-a-sinking-ship/ There are no atheists on a sinking ship]</ref>]] |
{{Clear}} | {{Clear}} | ||
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For example, a sermon preached by the Reverend Peter Edwards in Great Malvern Priory indicates: "To refer back to the [[Titanic]] - it’s often said that there are no atheists on a sinking ship."<ref>[https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=21&ved=2ahUKEwivws2HypXkAhWuY98KHZplByg4FBAWMAB6BAgBEAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatmalvernpriory.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fmedia%2F165_Peter%2520Edwards%2520morning%252006%2520April%25202014%2520-%2520Benedict%2520sermon%2520series%2520-%2520Prayer.pdf&usg=AOvVaw02162uSH8DAWcFMfj8JXbH A sermon preached by the Reverend Peter Edwards in Great Malvern Priory]</ref> | For example, a sermon preached by the Reverend Peter Edwards in Great Malvern Priory indicates: "To refer back to the [[Titanic]] - it’s often said that there are no atheists on a sinking ship."<ref>[https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=21&ved=2ahUKEwivws2HypXkAhWuY98KHZplByg4FBAWMAB6BAgBEAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatmalvernpriory.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fmedia%2F165_Peter%2520Edwards%2520morning%252006%2520April%25202014%2520-%2520Benedict%2520sermon%2520series%2520-%2520Prayer.pdf&usg=AOvVaw02162uSH8DAWcFMfj8JXbH A sermon preached by the Reverend Peter Edwards in Great Malvern Priory]</ref> | ||
| − | [[Edgar Harrell]], one of the 317 survivors of the sinking of the [[USS Indianapolis]] declared: "Clearly there were no | + | [[Edgar Harrell]], one of the 317 survivors of the sinking of the [[USS Indianapolis]] declared: "Clearly there were no atheists in the water that day. Gone was that damnable attitude of pride that deceives men into thinking that there is no God...".<ref>[https://www.sermoncentral.com/sermon-illustrations/83155/no-atheists-in-the-water-by-paul-barreca No Atheists In The Water], Sermon Central</ref> See also: [[Atheism and arrogance]] |
| − | Sir [[Robin Knox-Johnston]], the famous round-the-world sailor, indicated: | + | Sir [[Robin Knox-Johnston]], the famous round-the-world sailor, indicated: “[[There is no such thing as an atheist in the Southern Ocean]].”<ref>[https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/bear-grylls-on-faith Bear Grylls: ‘To have faith in our everyday lives takes courage’], GQ Magazine</ref> |
For more information about the phrase "There are no atheists on a sinking ship", please see: [[There are no atheists on a sinking ship]] | For more information about the phrase "There are no atheists on a sinking ship", please see: [[There are no atheists on a sinking ship]] | ||
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== The endurance of the saying "There are no atheists in foxholes" == | == The endurance of the saying "There are no atheists in foxholes" == | ||
| − | + | See: [[Endurance of the saying "There are no atheists in foxholes"]] | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
== Kurt Vonnegut quote concering the saying "There are no atheists in foxholes" == | == Kurt Vonnegut quote concering the saying "There are no atheists in foxholes" == | ||
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== World War One quote: There are no atheists in foxholes == | == World War One quote: There are no atheists in foxholes == | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''See also:'' [[World War One]] | ||
"Tell the Territorials and soldiers at home that they must know God before they come to the front if they would face what lies before them. We have no atheists in the trenches. Men are not ashamed to say that, though they never prayed before, they pray now with all their hearts." - A speaker at a memorial service for a fallen soldier held at St. Matthias’ Church, Ilsham read from the letter of an unnamed chaplain serving at the front and quoted published in a British newspaper (Namely, 1914 November 6, The ''Western Times'', Col. Burn’s Late Son: Torquay’s Expression of Sincere Sympathy, Quote Page 8, Column 3, Devon, England. (British Newspaper Archive)<ref>[There Are No Atheists in Foxholes], Quote Investigator website</ref> | "Tell the Territorials and soldiers at home that they must know God before they come to the front if they would face what lies before them. We have no atheists in the trenches. Men are not ashamed to say that, though they never prayed before, they pray now with all their hearts." - A speaker at a memorial service for a fallen soldier held at St. Matthias’ Church, Ilsham read from the letter of an unnamed chaplain serving at the front and quoted published in a British newspaper (Namely, 1914 November 6, The ''Western Times'', Col. Burn’s Late Son: Torquay’s Expression of Sincere Sympathy, Quote Page 8, Column 3, Devon, England. (British Newspaper Archive)<ref>[There Are No Atheists in Foxholes], Quote Investigator website</ref> | ||
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== Contemporary music usage of the term "There are no atheists in foxholes" == | == Contemporary music usage of the term "There are no atheists in foxholes" == | ||
| − | "There are no atheists in foxholes. The pressure's getting to me. It's time to throw in the towel." - Sunshine Riptide, Fall Out Boy (American band) | + | "There are no atheists in foxholes. The pressure's getting to me. It's time to throw in the towel." - ''Sunshine Riptide'', Fall Out Boy (American band) |
| + | == Militaryatheists.org: Loss of Google referral traffic == | ||
| + | |||
| + | ''See also:'' [[Internet atheism]] and [[Internet atheism and the coronavirus pandemic]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[File:Militaryatheists.org website Google refferal traffic as of December 22, 2022 according to SEMRush.jpg|thumbnail|1200px|center|The Militaryatheists.org website lost a large portion of its Google referral web according to the leading web marketing website SEMRush.com. | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | Google uses over 200 factors to evaluate the quality and the relevance of a website to various topics.]] | ||
| + | {{clear}} | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| − | |||
*[[Atheism and death quotes]] | *[[Atheism and death quotes]] | ||
*[[Atheism and cowardice]] | *[[Atheism and cowardice]] | ||
| Line 169: | Line 187: | ||
*[[Atheism and its retention rate in individuals]] | *[[Atheism and its retention rate in individuals]] | ||
*[[Denials that atheists exist]] | *[[Denials that atheists exist]] | ||
| + | *[[Atheists and cognitive dissonance]] | ||
| + | *[[Mocking of atheism]] | ||
*[[Atheist indoctrination]] | *[[Atheist indoctrination]] | ||
*[[Atheists and church attendance]] | *[[Atheists and church attendance]] | ||
| Line 179: | Line 199: | ||
*[http://www.beliefnet.com/faiths/secular-philosophies/atheists-in-foxholes.aspx Atheists in Foxholes], Beliefnet | *[http://www.beliefnet.com/faiths/secular-philosophies/atheists-in-foxholes.aspx Atheists in Foxholes], Beliefnet | ||
*[http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2010/10/16/larry-gatlin-miners-chile-god-great-thou-art-atheists-fox-holes-coal-jesus LARRY GATLIN: There Are No Atheists In Foxholes -- Or In Coal Mines], ''Fox News'' | *[http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2010/10/16/larry-gatlin-miners-chile-god-great-thou-art-atheists-fox-holes-coal-jesus LARRY GATLIN: There Are No Atheists In Foxholes -- Or In Coal Mines], ''Fox News'' | ||
| − | + | *[[Patrick Lancaster]]: [https://youtu.be/yGS6mEwieLQ Russian Army Orthodox Priest blesses Soldiers Before going Into Battle combat in Ukraine War], Mar 8, 2025. [[YouTube]]. | |
{{Nb Atheism}} | {{Nb Atheism}} | ||
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[[Category: Atheism]] | [[Category: Atheism]] | ||
[[Category: Military]] | [[Category: Military]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Idioms]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:41, April 3, 2025
Reverend William T. Cummings is famous for declaring There are no atheists in foxholes.[1]
Reverend William T. Cummings, who served at Bataan, is famous for declaring "There are no atheists in foxholes."[1] The exact origin of the phrase "There are no atheists in foxholes" is unclear, but it appears to be of World War I origin. [2][3]
Chaplain F.W. Lawson of the 302d Machine Gun Battalion, who was wounded twice in wartime, declared "I doubt if there is such a thing as an atheist. At least there isn't in a front line trench."[1] Hannah More wrote: "In agony or danger, no nature is atheist. The mind that knows not what to fly to, flies to God."[4]
President Dwight D. Eisenhower declared in remarks broadcast from the White House as part of a February 7, 1954 American Legion Program:
| “ | As a former soldier, I am delighted that our veterans are sponsoring a movement to increase our awareness of God in our daily lives. In battle, they learned a great truth-that there are no atheists in the foxholes. They know that in time of test and trial, we instinctively turn to God for new courage…Whatever our individual church, whatever our personal creed, our common faith in God is a common bond among us.[5] | ” |
In recent years the organization Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers has taken up use of the slogan "Atheists in Foxholes" as a list of those men and women who serve the country while lacking a belief in God/gods.[6]
Contents
- 1 Research study: Combat Intensity and Religious Behavior
- 2 Atheism and death anxiety
- 3 Atheism/religion, moral courage, emotional intelligence and troop/unit morale
- 4 Atheism, religion and mental toughness
- 5 Combat readiness, physical fitness, military drilling and death anxiety
- 6 Religion in the military
- 7 Study: Nonreligious soldiers are less able to cope with traumatic combat experiences
- 8 There are no atheists on a sinking ship
- 9 The endurance of the saying "There are no atheists in foxholes"
- 10 Kurt Vonnegut quote concering the saying "There are no atheists in foxholes"
- 11 Atheists in foxholes monument by the Freedom From Religion Foundation
- 12 Recommended book
- 13 World War One quote: There are no atheists in foxholes
- 14 Contemporary music usage of the term "There are no atheists in foxholes"
- 15 Militaryatheists.org: Loss of Google referral traffic
- 16 See also
- 17 External Links
- 18 Notes
Research study: Combat Intensity and Religious Behavior
In September of 2013, in the Journal of Religion and Health, Brian Wansink and Craig S. Wansink published a study entitled Are There Atheists in Foxholes? Combat Intensity and Religious Behavior and the journal article abstract declares:
| “ | Abstract: After battle, the moral and mortality stresses influence different soldiers in different ways. Using two large-scale surveys of World War II veterans, this research investigates the impact of combat on religiosity. Study 1 shows that as combat became more frightening, the percentage of soldiers who reported praying rose from 42 to 72 %. Study 2 shows that 50 years later, many soldiers still exhibited religious behavior, but it varied by their war experience. Soldiers who faced heavy combat (vs. no combat) attended church 21 % more often if they claimed their war experience was negative, but those who claimed their experience was positive attended 26 % less often. The more a combat veteran disliked the war, the more religious they were 50 years later. While implications for counselors, clergy, support groups, and health practitioners are outlined, saying there are no atheists in foxholes may be less of an argument against atheism than it is against foxholes."[7] | ” |
Atheism and death anxiety
According to a study performed in the United States by researchers Wink and Scott, very religious people fear death the least.[8] See: Atheism and death
See also: Atheism and death and Atheism and anxiety and Atheism and cryonics
On April 2, 2012, Science Daily reported that Death anxiety increases atheists' unconscious belief in God.[9] In a 2012 Psychology Today article, Dr. Nathan A. Heflick reported similar results in other studies.[10] For more information on death anxiety in atheists and other types of individuals based on brain research studies (including studies that examined the effects of stress), please see the article: Atheism and death
(Under stress, the brain's processing works in a way that prefers unconscious thinking.[11])
A United States study and a Taiwanese study indicated that the irreligious fear death more than the very religious (Please see the article: Atheism and death).
Dr. Nathan Heflick on death anxiety increasing atheists' unconscious belief in God
Due to research showing that death anxiety increases atheists' unconscious belief in God, Dr. Nathan Heflick declared in a Psychology Today article, "But, at a less conscious (or pre-conscious) level, this research suggests that there might be less atheism in foxholes than atheists in foxholes report."[12] For more information, please see: Atheism and death
Atheism and Hell
See also: Atheism and Hell
The journalist and ex-atheist Peter Hitchens, who is the brother of the late atheist Christopher Hitchens, said upon seeing an art exhibit of Michelangelo's painting The Last Judgment he came to the realization that he might be judged which startled him.[13] This started a train of thought within Peter Hichens that eventually led him to become a Christian.[14]
Atheism and life after death
Atheism/religion, moral courage, emotional intelligence and troop/unit morale
In combat conditions, the bravery/cowardice of soldiers is partially dependent on moral courage, emotional resilience, and troop/unit morale/cohesion.
Brain study: Religious belief vs. non-belief - Anxiety/stress reduction
Believing in God can help block anxiety and minimize stress, according to new University of Toronto research that shows distinct brain differences between believers and non-believers.[15] See: Atheism and anxiety and Atheism and the brain
See also: Religious belief vs. non-belief - Anxiety/stress reduction and Atheism and the brain
According to the leading science news website Phys.org:
| “ | Believing in God can help block anxiety and minimize stress, according to new University of Toronto research that shows distinct brain differences between believers and non-believers.
In two studies led by Assistant Psychology Professor Michael Inzlicht, participants performed a Stroop task - a well-known test of cognitive control - while hooked up to electrodes that measured their brain activity.[16] |
” |
Atheism and anxiety
The Oxford University Professor Daniel Came wrote to the New Atheist Richard Dawkins:: "The absence of a debate with the foremost apologist for Christian theism is a glaring omission on your CV and is of course apt to be interpreted as cowardice on your part."[17] See also: Atheism and cowardice
Atheism and debates
See also: Atheism debates
As far as Christianity vs. atheism public debates, in recent years there have been a number of notable instances of atheists doing poorly in debates (see: Atheism vs. Christianity debates).
In recent years, there have been a number of notable instances of atheists refusing to debate and many ascribe this unwillingness to cowardice (see: Atheism and cowardice).
Atheism, religion and mental toughness
See: Atheism, religion and mental toughness
Combat readiness, physical fitness, military drilling and death anxiety
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In addition, combat readiness in military personnel is enhanced through vigorous physical training and military drilling. The more combat ability military personnel have, the less their anxiety.
Please see:
Orthodox Christianity is the predominant religion in Russia, and it's not uncommon for soldiers to recite Orthodox prayers or mantras before engaging in combat.
A frequently used Orthodox prayer among Russian soldiers is the "Prayer of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker." This prayer, known for its association with safeguarding and protection, seeks the intercession of St. Nicholas, who is revered as a patron saint of soldiers.
Additionally, Russian soldiers might also use the "Jesus Prayer." This concise prayer calls for Jesus Christ's mercy and forgiveness and can be continuously repeated as a meditative or focusing practice prior to battle.
Только с Богом жизнь будет идти в мире и согласии. (Only with God will life go on in peace and harmony.)[18] ·
Religion in the military
See also: Religion in the military
Encycylopedia.com states concerning religion in the military:
| “ | Religion in the Military. For more than 220 years, religion and religious leaders have provided a source of strength and faith for a total of 55 million Americans who have served in the military forces of the United States. The rigorous demands of military duties—separation from friends and family, training in remote locations, battle, and the possibility of violent death—have mandated support for those who serve and who may potentially lay down their lives for their country.[19] | ” |
Study: Nonreligious soldiers are less able to cope with traumatic combat experiences
See also: Atheism and emotional/intrapersonal intelligence
The abstract for the Journal of Religion and Health article entitled Religiosity as a Moderator of Self-Efficacy and Social Support in Predicting Traumatic Stress Among Combat Soldiers declares:
| “ | Based on a sample of 54 Israeli soldiers (51 % non-religious, 49 % religious) surveyed upon their return from combat, this study investigates the moderating role of religiosity as a factor that may strengthen cognitive processing tied to the belief in oneself to persevere (i.e., self-efficacy) after trauma and/or as a factor tied to enhanced external social support that religious individuals in particular may benefit from by their involvement in a religious community. Findings revealed (1) social support was tied to greater resilience within the general sample; (2) religious soldiers were less susceptible to traumatic stress than non-religious soldiers; and (3) religiosity moderated the relationship between self-efficacy and traumatic stress but not the relationship between social support and traumatic stress. Implications of findings are discussed.[20] | ” |
There are no atheists on a sinking ship
See also: There are no atheists on a sinking ship and There are no atheists on turbulent airplanes
A close variant of the phrase "There are no atheists in foxholes" is the phrase, "There are no atheists on a sinking ship".[23][24]
For example, a sermon preached by the Reverend Peter Edwards in Great Malvern Priory indicates: "To refer back to the Titanic - it’s often said that there are no atheists on a sinking ship."[25]
Edgar Harrell, one of the 317 survivors of the sinking of the USS Indianapolis declared: "Clearly there were no atheists in the water that day. Gone was that damnable attitude of pride that deceives men into thinking that there is no God...".[26] See also: Atheism and arrogance
Sir Robin Knox-Johnston, the famous round-the-world sailor, indicated: “There is no such thing as an atheist in the Southern Ocean.”[27]
For more information about the phrase "There are no atheists on a sinking ship", please see: There are no atheists on a sinking ship
The endurance of the saying "There are no atheists in foxholes"
See: Endurance of the saying "There are no atheists in foxholes"
Kurt Vonnegut quote concering the saying "There are no atheists in foxholes"
See also: Atheism quotes
Kurt Vonnegut was a popular American novelist and short story writer. He was also an atheist/agnostic.[28]
Concerning the saying "There are no atheists in foxholes", Vonnegut said, “People say there are no atheists in foxholes. A lot of people think this is a good argument against atheism. Personally, I think it's a much better argument against foxholes.”[29]
Atheists in foxholes monument by the Freedom From Religion Foundation
Dan Barker, co-president of the Freedom From Religion Foundation
See also: Atheists in foxholes monument and Freedom From Religion Foundation and Atheist organizations
The atheist organization the Freedom From Religion Foundation declares on their website:
| “ | The Freedom From Religion Foundation erected its monument to “Atheists in Foxholes” in 1999 at Lake Hypatia, Alabama. FFRF dedicated its second monument at the Rose Zerwick Memorial Garden and Courtyard adjoining Freethought Hall's new entrance.
The monument is dedicated to the many members of the military who were “atheists in foxholes,” as well as to all freethinkers (atheists, agnostics, and skeptics of any persuasion) who serve in the U.S. military.[30] |
” |
Recommended book
- No Atheists In Foxholes: Reflections and Prayers From the Front by Patrick McLaughlin. Publisher: Thomas Nelson (April 12, 2010), ISBN-10: 0785297820
World War One quote: There are no atheists in foxholes
See also: World War One
"Tell the Territorials and soldiers at home that they must know God before they come to the front if they would face what lies before them. We have no atheists in the trenches. Men are not ashamed to say that, though they never prayed before, they pray now with all their hearts." - A speaker at a memorial service for a fallen soldier held at St. Matthias’ Church, Ilsham read from the letter of an unnamed chaplain serving at the front and quoted published in a British newspaper (Namely, 1914 November 6, The Western Times, Col. Burn’s Late Son: Torquay’s Expression of Sincere Sympathy, Quote Page 8, Column 3, Devon, England. (British Newspaper Archive)[31]
Contemporary music usage of the term "There are no atheists in foxholes"
"There are no atheists in foxholes. The pressure's getting to me. It's time to throw in the towel." - Sunshine Riptide, Fall Out Boy (American band)
Militaryatheists.org: Loss of Google referral traffic
See also: Internet atheism and Internet atheism and the coronavirus pandemic
See also
- Atheism and death quotes
- Atheism and cowardice
- Atheists doubting the validity of atheism
- Atheism and its retention rate in individuals
- Denials that atheists exist
- Atheists and cognitive dissonance
- Mocking of atheism
- Atheist indoctrination
- Atheists and church attendance
- Atheism and purpose
External Links
- No atheists in the foxholes, Christian History Institute
- American Dialect Society Regarding the Origin of the the Phrase "There are no atheists in foxholes"
- Atheists in Foxholes, Beliefnet
- LARRY GATLIN: There Are No Atheists In Foxholes -- Or In Coal Mines, Fox News
- Patrick Lancaster: Russian Army Orthodox Priest blesses Soldiers Before going Into Battle combat in Ukraine War, Mar 8, 2025. YouTube.
| |||||
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Archived Discussion on Linguist List - Listserve
- ↑ There Are No Atheists in Foxholes, Quote Investigator website
- ↑ What is the origin of the phrase 'there are no atheists in a foxhole'?, Times of India, February 22, 2009
- ↑ Hannah More quotes
- ↑ Dwight Eisenhower: There are No Atheists in Foxholes
- ↑ Atheists in Foxholes, in Cockpits, and on Ships, Military Association of Atheists and Freethinkers website
- ↑ Are There Atheists in Foxholes? Combat Intensity and Religious Behaviorby Brian Wansink and Craig S. Wansink, Journal of Religion and Health, 2013
- ↑ Fear of death: worst if you’re a little religious?, World of Science]
- J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2005, Jul;60(4):P207-14. Does religiousness buffer against the fear of death and dying in late adulthood? Findings from a longitudinal study. Wink P1, Scott J.
- ↑ Death anxiety increases atheists' unconscious belief in God, Science Daily], Date: April 2, 2012
- ↑ Atheists, Death and Belief in God The Effects of Death Reminders on Atheists' Supernatural Beliefs, Psychology Today, Published on May 25, 2012 by Nathan A. Heflick, Ph.D. in The Big Questions
- ↑
- Brain processing under stress, Ruhr-University BochumPress release
- How The Brain Learns Successfully, Even Under Stress, The Huffington Post By Carolyn Gregoire, Posted: 07/31/2013 1:00 pm EDT Updated: 07/31/2013 1:14 pm EDT
- ↑ Atheists, Death and Belief in God The Effects of Death Reminders on Atheists' Supernatural Beliefs, Psychology Today, Published on May 25, 2012 by Nathan A. Heflick, Ph.D. in The Big Questions
- ↑ Interview of Peter Hitchens - Video at Vimeo
- ↑ Interview of Peter Hitchens - Video at Vimeo
- ↑ Researchers find brain differences between believers and non-believers, Phys.org, March 4, 2009
- ↑ Researchers find brain differences between believers and non-believers, Phys.org, March 4, 2009
- ↑ Richard Dawkins accused of cowardice for refusing to debate existence of God, The Daily Telegraph, May 14, 2011
- ↑ Russian soldiers praying before battle. DD Geopolitics X, Dec 20, 2023. x.com/DD_Geopolitics
- ↑ Religion in the military, Encylcylopedia.com
- ↑ Religiosity as a Moderator of Self-Efficacy and Social Support in Predicting Traumatic Stress Among Combat Soldiers, Journal of Religion and Health
- ↑ A sermon preached by the Reverend Peter Edwards in Great Malvern Priory
- ↑ There are no atheists on a sinking ship
- ↑ A sermon preached by the Reverend Peter Edwards in Great Malvern Priory
- ↑ There are no atheists on a sinking ship
- ↑ A sermon preached by the Reverend Peter Edwards in Great Malvern Priory
- ↑ No Atheists In The Water, Sermon Central
- ↑ Bear Grylls: ‘To have faith in our everyday lives takes courage’, GQ Magazine
- ↑ Kurt Vonnegut, “Christ-Loving Atheist” by Dan Wakefield, Salo University
- ↑ Kurt Vonnegut quote
- ↑ ATHEISTS IN FOXHOLES, Freedom From Religion Foundation website
- ↑ [There Are No Atheists in Foxholes], Quote Investigator website
