Yaqub al-Ghusayn

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Yaqub al-Ghusayn (Arabic: يعقوب الغصين, Ya‘qoub al Ghussein) (1899–1948) was an Arab Palestinian landowner from Ramla and the founder of the Youth Congress Party (YCP). He was elected president of the first National Congress of Arab Youth, held in Jaffa in January 1932. [1] It was months before Awni 'Abd al-Hadi, in August 1932, established the Palestinian branch of the pan-Arab Independence Party (Istiqlal).[2]

Ghussein's name was well known in the country, thanks to his father's wealth and important position in the Turkish Ottoman days. He indicated a greater interest in the economic situation of the rural districts than the other Arab political leaders.

"At one time he participated in the attempt to promote the establishment of a company in Egypt for the purchase of land in Palestine as a means of preventing its sale to Jews. During the economic crisis in September, 1925, he sat in the offices of the Arab Bank in Jerusalem" appealing to nationalists from that position.[3]

Ghusayn was member of different youth societies in Palestine before he himself established the Muslim Youth Society in Ramla in 1927. (Akram Zuaiter [Zu'aytir] established it in Acre 1928).

Al-Ghussein opened new branches in many villages and cities.[4]

His organization was also referred to as: Federation of Arab Youth.[5]


In 1934, the "Palestine Arab Youth Federation announced the organization of special squads of young Arab volunteers to patrol roads adjacent to the Palestine frontiers to spy on and capture illegal Jewish immigrants." This led to a brutal routine. Beduins in the Tiberias and Beisan areas were being promised rewards for every Jewish man or woman they catch. Indeed, "Beduin tribesmen, known for their ruthless ferocity and lawlessness," have being mobilized by the Federation to watch the borders.[6]


In August 1934, Arab workers, "who have often expressed their solidarity with Jewish laborers, have sent a lengthy letter to Falastin, a Jaffa Arabic daily, in which they complain bitterly of their exploitation in the groves of the richer Arab effendies in this vicinity. They also score the Arab Youth Federation for its empty promises in regard to Arab labor organization."[7]


In February 1935, The Arab drive against Jews has assumed serious proportions. Threatening letters have been sent to every Arab land owner warning him that he will be killed if he sells his land to Jews. The government is taking measures to investigate the threats and to establish their source. It is assumed that the threatening letters are spread from Nablus, headquarters of the Arab Youth Federation which is engaged in conducting propaganda against Jews. In addition, Several Arabs were arrested in Nablus on February 27, for possessing German rifles.[8]


On June 9, 1935, it "sent a cable to Adolf Hitler asking him to forbid the sale to Jews of the land on which the German orphanage in Palestine is located." In addition, "a telegram to the same effect was also sent by the Arab Youth Federation to the German Consul-General in Jerusalem."[9]

This was also brought up when the news of Arab Nazi club founded in Haifa, Red Moon was publicized weeks later. [10]


In the same year, he opened the newspaper “Al-Kifah”, the mouthpiece of the Palestinian Youth Conference, where he would be one of its supporters and his article would top its front page in its first issue as an opening for "The Era of Struggle."[4].


In February 1936, a "one-day Arab strike in sympathy with Syrian Nationalist uprisings succeeded today in partially halting normal activities throughout Palestine. Members of the Arab Youth Federation, which played a leading role in the strike, forced many Arabs to close shops and join the strike."[11]


He was a member and representative of his party in the Arab Higher Committee (AHC)[12] from its formation in 1936. In 1937 he became a member of the Supreme Muslim Council. On 1 October of the same year, in Britain's crackdown on Arab terror, he was exiled by the British to the Seychelles Islands for being a member of the Arab Higher Committee.

The Arab Higher Committee was outlawed by the British on 27 September 1937, following the assassination of the Acting British District Commissioner of Galilee, Lewis Yelland Andrews.[13] Ghussein was the first Arab Palestinian leader to be exiled by the British.


He was also a member of the Arab delegation to the London Conference at St. James's Palace in February 1939.[14]


Yaqoub Al-Ghussein's last position was as mayor of Ramla. Dying shortly after assuming office.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "PASSIA - AL-GHUSSEIN, YACOUB MOHAMMED, "Yaqoub Alghusain". Levenberg, Haim (1993). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945-1948. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-3439-5
  2. ↑ Karsh, E. (2010). Palestine Betrayed. United States: Yale University Press, chapter 1: 'Jews and Arabs in the Holy Land'.

    In reality, it was the Mufti who was primarily responsible for the radicalization of Palestinian Arab public opinion. In June 1930 , his representatives at the deliberations of the international commission on the future of the Wailing Wall , convened in the wake of the 1929 massacres , refused to recognize any Jewish rights in Palestine (and not only at the wall), and this recalcitrance was amplified by a pan-Islamic congress held in Jerusalem in December 1931.

    This zero-sum approach that assigned to the Jews no national or collective rights whatever gained considerable momentum in the early 1930s as the rival Arab factions and clans vied for political dominance through the creation of new parties. In August 1932, Abdel Hadi established the Palestinian branch of the pan-Arab Independence Party (Istiqlal) , followed shortly afterward by the creation of the Youth Congress, headed by Yaqub Ghussein. Two years later, the Party for National Defense was created as the political arm of the Nashashibis, the second most powerful Palestinian Arab clan and the Husseinis' bitterest enemies, and the latter responded in kind by forming, in March 1935, the Arab Palestinian Party headed by Jamal Husseini. These were followed in the same year by the Reform Party, established by Jerusalem's mayor, Hussein Khalidi, and the National Bloc, created by the Nablus notable Abdel Latif Salah both of which took a neutral stance in the rivalry between their larger counterparts.

    This struggle for political pre-eminence was further radicalized by the Nazi seizure of power in Germany. The long-established paper Karmil pined for the appearance of "an Arab Hitler" who "will awaken the Arabs and rally them behind his leadership so that they will do what needs to be done," while Jamal Husseini invoked one of Hitler's famous refrains in inaugurating his party's youth organization. "When we began our activity we were six, then we became 6,000 and then 60 million," he quoted the German tyrant before urging the gathered youths to emulate the Nazi example by " toughening their bodies and souls so as to be able to defend the nation's honor and rights in time of need."

    It was indeed the Husseinis, the foremost influence in Palestinian Arab politics, who displayed the greatest enthusiasm for Nazism, going so far as to model their youth organization on the lines of the Hitlerjugend and temporarily naming it "The Nazi Scouts." Losing no time, the Mufti rushed to the German consul in Jerusalem to tell him that "the Muslims in Palestine and elsewhere were enthusiastic about the new regime in Germany and looked forward to the spread of Fascism throughout the region." In a fore-taste of his actual World War II conduct, he endorsed the Nazi Jewish policy and offered to persuade Muslims worldwide to adopt similar measures.
  3. ↑ Palestine: A Study of Jewish, Arab, and British Policies. Published for the Esco Foundation for Palestine, Inc. (1947). United States: Yale University Press, p.779.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Jacob Al-Ghussein passed by here. NLI. (Arabic) | 03.12.20
  5. ↑ The Palestine Post⁩, 3 February 1935. 'Libel suit settled.'
  6. ↑ Brutal Palestine Police Tactics Assailed by Zionist Executives, JTA, August 13, 1934. [1]
  7. ↑ Exploited by Effendies, Arab Workers Complain, JTA, August 12, 1934. [2].
  8. ↑ 2 Arab Papers Are Suspended, JTA, February 28, 1935. February 27, 1935.
  9. ↑ Arabs Ask Hitler Bar Sale of Land to Jews, JTA, June 11, 1935. June 9, 1935.

    The Federation of Arab Youth in Palestine today sent a cable to Adolf Hitler asking him to forbid the sale to Jews of the land on which the German orphanage in Palestine is located. A telegram to the same effect was also sent by the Arab Youth Federation to the German Consul-General in Jerusalem.

    The Federation of Arab Youth in Palestine today sent a cable to Adolf Hitler asking him to forbid the sale to Jews of the land on which the German orphanage in Palestine is located.

    A telegram to the same effect was also sent by the Arab Youth Federation to the German Consul-General in Jerusalem.
  10. ↑ Arabs in Haifa Form Nazi Club; Well Financed. JTA, July 1, 1935. Haifa, June 30, 1935. The Canadian Jewish Chronicle - Jul 5, 1935, p.7

    Arab youths here have organized a Nazi club it was learned this week. The club has already established headquarters and goes under the name of The Red Moon. Apparently the organization has strong backers, for all of its deficits are promptly met, and it seems able to draw upon unlimited financial resources. This is viewed as another manifestation of an intensive Nazi anti-Semitic activity sponsored by the Hitler government, and which has broken out throughout Palestine and the Near East. Nazi agents have appeared in various parts of the country in an attempt to incite the Arabs against the Jews.

    Recently the Federation of Arab Youth in Palestine petitioned Hitler to help them prevent the Jews from obtaining additional land in Palestine.
  11. ↑ Arab Strike Partially Halts Palestine’s Activities, JTA, February 5, 1936. [3].
  12. ↑ Arab Higher Committee l. MideastWeb
  13. ↑ The Day Oct 1, 1937. "British Crush Arab Terror In Jerusalem." The Vancouver Sun Oct 1, 1937, p. 7.
  14. ↑ The Palestine Post⁩, 29 January 1939⁩ — ⁨Page 1⁩. 'After Midnight.'

    It was announced by the British Official Wireless Press last night that the delegation representing the Palestine Arabs at the London talks will include the following seven delegates: Auni Abdul Hadi, Jamal Eff. Husseini Bey, Dr . Hussein el Khalidi, Alfred Eff. Rock, Amin Tamimi. Musa Bey El Alami, and Mr . Georges Antonius, secretary-General with three advisers, namely Fuad Eff. Saba, Yacoub Eff. Ghussein, and Abdul Latif Salah. The foregoing comprise representatives of five of the six parties which had members on the former Arab Higher Committee. The question of representation of the National Defence Party is still under consideration. .

    "The composition of the Jewish Agency delegation has not yet been finally settled but it is understood chat the following will be included in the delegation: Dr. Chaim Weizman, Mr. David Ben-Gurion, Prof. Brodetsky, Mr. M. Shertok and Dr. Goldraann representative of the Jewish Agency in Geneva Agency and Paris. In addition, there will be a Conference Committee of prominent members of the Jewish communities in the United Kingdom, Palestine, the United States and other countries from whom the remaining members of the delegation will be selected.

    "The talks will open early next month, but unti the question of representation of the Defence Party has been finally settled it is impossible to give any exact date for the opening, the E.O.W.P. concludes."
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"The Mufti.. concocted a new kind of antisemitism that combined traditional Muslim antisemitism, like the anti-Jewish verses you find in the Koran, with the Nazi antisemitism that demonised Jews... His whole ideology was antisemitic and from the very beginning he targeted Jews, not Zionists."
The difference between lies and reality is sometimes just a color on a map


W. Ormsby-Gore as he was preparing the royal commission report, "Though I knew there was ill-feeling between Jews and Arabs, I had not realized the depth and intensity of the hatred with which the Jews are held by the Arabs..."
"It is not Israel's settlement blocks but rather the Palestinian ideological blockade that constitutes the biggest barrier to peaceful arrangements . The Jew-hatred in this region must no longer be played down as a kind of local custom ..."
The only tweet (July 2014) on the Twitter account of the late American Elan Ganeles - murdered by Arab-Islamist "Palestinian" on Feb 27, 2023 hy"d: "I think you're always going to have tension in the Middle East, when there's [are] people who want to kill Jews, and the Jews don't want to be killed, and neither side is willing to compromise."
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