Nazism at Arab Palestinians
Nazism at Arab Palestinians
النازة من قبل العرب الفلسطينيين [النازيون والفلسطينيون] נאציות של ערבים פלסטינים (ערבים נאציים, פשיזם בפלסטין [العرب النازيون ، الفاشية في فلسطين])
Introduction
The Holocaust was a European crime. However, this page is about what has happened among the Arabs linked to the land of Eretz Israel—Palestine.
This article addresses the historical relationship between Arab Palestinians and Nazi ideas and practices, admiration (ideology, sentiments), ’common ground’ with Nazis. It is often also accompanied with Holocaust denial,[1][2][3][4][5][6] belittling the Holocaust;[7][8] Holocaust inversion,[9][10] hijacking Holocaust terminology to perpetuate falsities and demonize;[11] fake comparisons - knowingly lying,[12] And even perversion.[13][7][14][15][16]
Note. This is in no way taking away, even tiniest part, from the real perpetrators of the Holocaust: Nazi Germany and their European helpers.
This is not about politically motivated calling someone a "Nazi" in a shallow matter (worse are the insidious ones[17]). But about the real, original, 'authentic,' unique in its historic evil - Nazism.
(It includes Arabs born in other areas but became "Palestinian" icons, Arabs who have or/and prefer democratic Israel's citizenship. Those among the Arabs in Israel, who are haters, by default, also define themselves as "Palestinians," [among many others]. In any case, it is about the Arabs in/from the area, associated with it.
[Though radical Islamic Antisemitism incorporating Nazism, Arab-Islamists cooperating with Nazis, then with Neo Nazis - all that is a larger issue]).
Hitler on the Arabs
Note, Hitler was clear about his disdain for the Arabs, as inferiors.[18][19][20] Hitler loathed Arabs, he once described them as "lacquered half-apes who ought to be whipped."[21][22][23][24][25] And the Grand Mufti al-Husseini himself has actually said 'that after the Jews, the Germans would destroy the Arabs,' "he knew this," says his granddaughter.[26] [Yet, he "cherished" the Nazis' ‘racial’ hatred.[27]]
It's why the Mufti's chasing caused Nazis discomfort at least in the beginning.[28]
Which is why Hitler, the Nazis just had to convince themselves, from 1941 onward, the Mufti is, supposedly "not" pure Arab in blood...[29] And as Hitler came (expressed on July 1, 1942[29]) to dwell on an idea that the mufti is: "a man with more than one Aryan among his ancestors."[30]
[The possibility of one or more "Ayans" in the Mufti's ancestors "sufficed," in their ridiculous Aryanism flag waving, those so called three quarters Aryans were not "enough" for Hitler/Nazis (the vierteljude)].
Baldur von Schirach, the leader of the Hitler Youth, visited Damascus, Baghdad and Tehran. In Damascus, von Schirach, was asked by journalists how Nazi propaganda in Arab countries could be reconciled with [its] racial theory, which places Arabs at the …th rank. The Arab press then noted that Von Shirach had evaded and refrained from giving a logical answer to this question.
The Mein Kampf edition placed on sale in Palestine, in 1938, with many distributed free, "carefully purged the passage in which the Arabs are graded fourteenth on the racial scale."[32]
The Arabs are "inferior," according to HitlerThe Cairo and Damascus newspapers open their readers' eyes to the true meaning of Nazi doctrine
Damascus, (Palcor). Under the headline "Arabs are of an inferior race - says Hitler" the Damascus newspaper 'Alif-Ba' [Alif bāʼ ال باء] published the scathing article of the Egyptian weekly, "Rose al-Yussef" [روز اليوسف; Rose al-Yousef] on the Arabic translation 'My war' ["Mein Kampf"] by Hitler.
In the introduction, 'Alif-Ba' writes that few are the Arabs, who know that Hitler sees the Arab people as an inferior nation that does not deserve self-government and to stand on the same cultural and social level with the "Aryan" peoples. He places her in his book on a par with the black peoples of Africa.
After that, the newspaper tells, in short, about the noise made in Egypt by the Arabic translation of the book 'My war' ['Mein Kampf'], which omitted, with the intention of misleading the readers, all the passages that speak in condemnation of the Egyptians, and brings the article 'Rose al-Yusuf' in its entirety.
BELGRADE (Palcor). — A warning to the Moslem world in general, and to Arabs of the Near East in particular, has been issued by the Yugoslav Moslem daily Senana, against Nazi and Fascist-propaganda. There are 1,500,000 Moslems in Yugoslavia. The paper states that Dr. Goebbels is spending enormous sums on propaganda in Egypt, Iraq and Palestine in order to incite the local population against the Jews and so distract attention from the real aims of Nazi policy. The hope was expressed that these efforts would be fruitless.
Remember the ruthless conquest of Albania, the merciless treatment of the Arabs in Libya, and the dangers threatening Egypt as a result of Axis policy, the article concludes.
At a 1940 review of a Syrian author's 1939 book, writer said:[36]
The Nazi movement was above all an imperialistic one and the Arabs realised this. Had not the Haifa air raids proved Hitler's intentions?
Even Falastin realized and noted in 1940:[37]
"Hitler who invented the theory of race and who made the Arabs fourteenth level."
Don't believe the "Axis" propaganda In connection with the Axis propaganda and its broadcasts to the Arab world, H. Yalçın writes in the Turkish "Yeni Sabah": Will Germany and Italy reveal their true intentions to the Arab world? After all, if they do so, all the Arabs in the world will immediately join the British in the "Axis" uniform. No one believes this propaganda, because it is known that Germany and Italy think Asia and Africa are backward compared to the rest of the world. It is inconceivable that the Axis, which attacked European countries, would not harm the independence and freedom of Egypt, the Land of Israel, Syria, Iraq and Iran.
10,000 Moslem Arabs Tormented By Nazis
BAGHDAD, Tuesday (ANA). —
The "Al Alam el-Arabi" newspaper publishes an article under the heading Nazi Cruelty to Arabs, describing the hardships Arabs are suffering in forced work for Hitler.
"All these things are being done," says the and newspaper, "and still the Axis, headed by the Nazis, boasts unceasingly that they sympathize with the Arabs. Hitler has ordered 10,000 Moslem Arabs who fell into the hand of the Nazis to be tormented by the unbearable cruelty of the Nazi nightmare.
They are begging and protesting but nobody hears their cries or pities or helps them, in their suffering. This is another proof that the Axis lies to the Arabs and mocks their self-respect, honour and rights."
Notorious PFLP hijacker and admitted terrorist[40] who has been still promoting violence 2014-16[41] Laila Khaled: "At first, I admired Hitler because I thought he was the enemy of the Jews. Later I found out he classified Arabs as sub-humans, only slightly above the gypsies and the Jews."[42]
In 1941 Hitler set aside racial purity restrictions for the Wehrmacht to form the German-Arab Training Unit. New sources reveal Arab recruitment was self-serving, meant to bolster Nazi propaganda and foment anti-Allied Arab violence. Racism towards Arabs was pervasive throughout the Nazi regime and the Wehrmacht, stemming from Nazi ideology and older colonial attitudes. Consequently, the unit's two-year history from May 1941 to May 1943 was defined by tension between retaining racial segregation and feigning collaboration. The results were command indecision, neglect, reticence to deploy into combat, and reluctant expansion, which together created dysfunction and disorder in the unit.
Strategy
Nazi propaganda went desperately in full gear, first in exchange of letters with Rachid Ali, then in Nov 1942, Nazi spokesman reassured Arabs, that "Antisemitism Confined to Jews."[44]
Naturally:[45]Goebbels, Rosenberg, Himmler, all in their turn, discovered the im-passes created by the word antisemitism when confronted with alleged Semites, not only in the Middle East, but in the Soviet Union or in Germany... the Mufti of Jerusalem and Rosenberg in Mai 1943 Hans Hage- mayer, the director of the department 'Überstaatliche Mächte‹m' in Rosenberg's ministry recommended in a letter to Werner Koeppen, Rosenberg's man in Hitler's headquarters, that the German Press should avoid the use of the word antisemitism because the enemy abroad is made to believe that 'we make no distinction between Arabs and the Jews'.
May 1943 meeting Alfred Rosenberg with the Palestinian Mufti and beyond:[46]
A secret Nazi order, dated May 17, 1943, reads as follows: "When the Grand Mufti visited Reichsleiter Rosenberg, the Reichsleiter promised to instruct the press that the word antisemitism was henceforth to be abandoned."
[Not that Hitler himself was "true" to or even "consistent" at his twisted "belief."[47][48][49][50] White Russians were not included in his "theory"... which neo-fascists in Russia are upset about.[51] But that isn't the point, of course].
[This is not about those who without ideology served the Nazis to survive or to protect their family from death. Or others, per selfishness.]
Nazi era
1933+
With barely two months of Hitler rise to power, the Mufti rushed already to forge contact with the Nazi regime, March 31, 1933.[52][53]
During subsequent secret contacts between the Consul-General and the Mufti, Husayni asked for assistance in establishing in Palestine an Arab Nazi party.[54] But the Nazis, at least initially, refused.[55]
In April 1933, Joseph Francis, the Palestine correspondent of al' ahram, wrote on behalf of a group of Palestinian Arabs to Heinrich Wolff, the German consul in Jerusalem (1933–35), asking for his aid in forming a local Arab Nazi party.[55][56][57][58]
June 1933, another attempt to establish an Arab-Nazi Party in Palestine.[59][60]
Indeed, the fact that no Arab Nazi party was ever formed in Palestine was not because there was no local demand.[61]
Nevertheless, there were Arab Nazi organizations, including in April 1934, June 1934, June 1935 as reported at the time, cited further.
In March 1932, ahead of the German elections between Hindenburg and Hitler, the Jamia al Arabia [الجامعة العربية] (was banned in 1930,[62] and cautioned in 1931 with the Al Hayat paper) the organ of the Grand Mufti, declared: 'Palestine Arabs are with Hitler in his enmity to Jews' but want Hindenburg to win because Hitler's win means Jews flocking out of Germany to Palestine as a result of persecution. It apologizes to Hitler for Arabs for putting own interests first.[63]
Yet, soon after Hitler's rise to power, the Mufti rushed to forge alliance with him. Enthusiastically.
... there was little recognition that the new Germany they admired so much was directly responsible for the dramatic increase in Jewish immigration to Palestine after 1933.Palestinian Arab leaders lost little time in making known their positive
The Mufti informed Wolff that Muslims in Palestine and elsewhere were enthusiastic about the new regime in Germany and looked forward to the spread of Fascism throughout the region.
Already in July 1932, some greeted the Mufti with "Long Live the Hitler of Palestine."[65] (Encapsulating sentiments for both).
(Apparently the venomous racist atmosphere spread among Arabs -- mostly of Palestine, immigrants -- in central America too. As in 1932 report.[66])
Tells "La Voz" from Monday that the local Arabs sent a greeting telegram to Hitler, which says that Hitler is a great idealist[sic], and that he is doing a "monumental job" with the fact that he wants to expel the Jews from Germany.The same newspaper goes on to say that the local Arabs sent money in 1929 to support the pogroms against Jews in Palestine. Now they also collect funds to make new pogroms.
["Lebanese and palestinians emigrated to the island in two waves in 1902–1912 and 1920–1931."[68]]
Already in Apr 1933, "Palestinian" Arab editor in Chile, Jorge Sabaj Zurob glorified Hitler.[69][70]
In the US:
Habib Ibrahim Katibeh (1892 - 1951) [كاتبة، حبيب ابراهيم] Syrian born "activist" for Arab Palestine.
Habib Ibrahim Katibeh was the author of the lead article on pro-Hitler propaganda monthly published in Boston, Mass., in 1933.[71]
Katibeh was the director of the prewar Arab organization in the United States that was associated with the Nazi Bund. Just as the bund was supposed to make German-Americans into Nazis, so the Arab National League, of which this man was director, was supposed to make Americans of near eastern extraction into Nazis.
Not long after Pearl Harbor, the leading Arabic newspaper in America, Al-Hoda, openly admitted this Arab-Nazi connection, and urged Arab -Americans no longer to follow the false leadership of the German affiliated agitators.[72]
An editor of the monthly Bulletin, and of other publications of the Institute for Arab-American Affairs, Inc., was "one of the original incorporators and most active workers in the notorious Arab National League, founded shortly after Hitler seized the German chancellorship and incorporated at New York in 1938, and used to disseminate totalitarian propaganda among Americans of Near Eastern antecedents."
The Arab National League operated in close association with the German-American Bund, then under the leadership of Fritz Kuhn, and its activities were regularly reported in the Nazi newspaper, Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter, until that publication was sealed up by the FBI after the attack on Pearl Harbor. In addition to Katibah, whose name appears near the top of the institute's letterhead, it is significant that both the original bund-associated body and the present institute were formed under New York corporate charters containing much identical language and written by the same lawyers.[73]
After Hitler's ascent to power, he received praise, as in the following July 1933 letter from Sheikh Rahal Scheiban in Jerusalem:[74][75]
"May God preserve you. Every day I bring my prayers for you to God. The news of Your Highness's patriotism spreads the best fragrances in the whole world," wrote a sheikh from Palestine. "I am ready at any time to serve your regime with 100 soldiers on horseback. I am waiting for Your Highness's signal. [...] May you always remain my Lord."
Reported on Sep 16, 1933, that[76] Eissa Bendak, editor of the radical bi-weekly Sawt Al Shaab [صوت الشعب] published in Bethlehem, has left for Paris where he will receive instructions from a group of Germans and Arabs on "conducting Nazi propaganda" in Palestine. Bendak was instrumental in organizing the Arab Fascist Party at Bethlehem whose object is to harass the Jews.
By this time, pro-German, anti-Jewish pot also bubbled in cafés.[77]
In Oct. 1933, Nazis claimed credit for Palestine Arab rioting. England, ridiculed. Der Angriff, newspaper popularly associated with Dr. Goebbels, Nazi propaganda chief, editorially comments tonight on the so-called Arab revolt and attempts to justify it. Blames, of course, the Jews.[78]
In Nov. 1933, it was reported, a direct contact between the German Nazis and the Palestinian Arabs, Arab Riot Leaders, revealed by Nazis. And that "Eissa el Bendak, newly appointed members of the Arab Executive's administrative bureau, will direct a propaganda in Palestine in the interests of the Nazi party."[79]
By Dec. 1933, Nazism spread by young Arabs, some painted the swastika on a glass and various utensils in Arab cafes in Jaffa. When a young Arab drank a toast for Arab Nazism and Jews protested it, Azmi Nashashibi, the deputy governor of Jaffa, intervened against preventing these acts.[80]
Nazi Anti-Jewish propaganda picked up greater speed in Arab Palestine since 1934, especially in boycotting Jews.[81] At the same time, walls in Jerusalem and Haifa were placarded with the Arabic swastika posters.[82]
Soon, the swastika is seen more and more on Arab houses, on Arab cars, and even shoe polishers near the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem adorned crates in this painting.[83]
An Arab exporting firm, wrapped his oranges marked "Saint Elijah, Jaffa," in paper bearing a picture of the Muhammad surrounded by swastikas.[84]
In March 1934, Arab Palestinian newspapers criticized procession in Tel Aviv. The Falastin especially came out in defense of Hitler who was mocked at the procession.[85]
[In 1935, the German consul protested this protesting Purim procession to Jerusalem mayor who didn't hold back in replying. [86]]
Reported in April 1934, with the radical change after Hitler's ascend to power and propaganda infiltration, affecting feelings towards Jews by the Templars, there is also Hitlerite propaganda by the Germans among the Arabs. And there is: 'a Nazi organization among the Arab youth, which is led by the German Hitlerites in the country.'[87]
In spring of 1934, extremist Arab nationalists intended to form the Palestinian Nazi Party, which aimed to fight Jews in coordination with the Nazi Party in Germany, in Israel, many swastikas began to appear on Arab homes and their cars.[88] Arab Palestinian students returning from studying in Europe were determined to found the Arab Nazi party in Palestine.[89]
In May 1934, local German Nazis in Haifa organized propaganda meeting with open Hitlerist propaganda. Foreign Germans come as "tourists" join in. The British authorities knows about it, but chooses to ignore.[90]
Colonel Josiah Wedgwood speaking out, on May 29, 1934 in the House of Commons:[91]
We have made the world safe for the English, not by police, not by armies, but by arming the people themselves. The worst thing we have ever done in Palestine, worse even than our emigration distinctions, was when the Jews were being massacred and we, at the request of the Grand Mufti, almost at his orders, lined the Jews all up and disarmed them because they were Jews. That is the sort of thing which people remember. It was not under this Government, it is true, but you cannot expect that anybody in that country will look for justice or hope for better things as long as you have that spirit ruling there. I sometimes think that the feeling has now become pro-Nazi. Hitler's "Mein Kampf" goes to Palestine, and is sold freely. The whole book is a denunciation of the Jew—all lies and abuse. At the same time there is a book published in this country called "The Brown Book of the Hitler Terror." When that got out to Palestine it was banned. It is allowed in this country, but there it is legal to abuse the Jews but not legal to abuse the abusers.
On June 8, 1934, the Mukkattam (Al-Muqattam) [المقطم], Arab daily, reported that a Palestine Arab Nazi youth organization has been formed with a three-point movement hostile to the Jews.
The Arab Nazi program calls for the development in Palestine of a movement similar to German Nazism; a determined fight against Zionism and the maintaining of friendly contacts with Germany.[92]
The Nazi Party in Germany has decided to launch a propaganda campaign in Arab countries, report Greek papers. Sixty books in Arabic have been printed and distributed in Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Iraq and other lands. The amount of 360,000 marks has been assigned for the purpose.
Kamel Mrowa ([كامل مروّه] Kaamel Mruwweh) - "The career of Kamil Muruwwa provides a good example of how veteran pro-Nazis shaped public thinking." With Hitler's rise to power in Germany, Muruwwa, as the editor of the Beirut paper An-Nida, wrote to Von Ribbentrop the German foreign minister in Berlin: "The whole Arab youth is enthused by Adolf Hitler." And in 1934, a year after Hitler came to power, Muruwwa translated Mein Kampf from into Arabic and published it in daily installments in An-Nida. At the Mufti al-Husseini's "recommendation.. the Shiite Muruwwa was posted to Sofia to run a listening post that analyzed Arabic."[94]
From time to time, anti-Jewish slogans written in Arabic and German, and embellished with the swastika, appear on vacant walls and boardings in different Palestine towns, enjoining a boycott of Jewish goods and enterprises. Their effect has been nil except to leave a great deal of annoyance among young and ardent Jews, who endeavor to trace the perpetrators of such nuisances. According to well-informed local quarters , the origin of these throwaways is in a central Nazi propaganda ascent for Palestine who, it is believed, works through Arab Fascists. An attempt at Fascism was started some eighteen months ago as the only hope of Arab salvation in the present state of the Arab nationalist cause, as one young leader said. The object was to introduce an ultra-nationalistic spirit among the Arab youth. But it was more closely modelled on the National-Socialist brand of Fascism than the Italian, because the German politics embodied anti-Semitism as the central motive.
From 1934:[96]
A large number of Nazi agitators have been stirring up the Palestinian Arabs much to the discomfort of Great Britain. Recently three German agents were arrested by British authorities in Haifa and deported for anti-Semitic and anti-British propaganda.
Nazi propaganda in Arabic floods the market in Palestine. Hitler admiration is spread, his Mein Kampf especially draws Arabs' "attention," Ahmad Shukeiri and others' Istiqlal Party (fans of fascism[97]) its newspaper al-Difa'a appearing on scene in 1934, founded by a Muslim a-Shanti (whose family got rich including by business with Jews) competed with ‘’Falastin’’ paper and gained reaction because he was more Islamic, more for pan-Arabism, pan-Islamism and he followed more steadily the Mufti’s fascist-Nazi line,[33] and became in fact a Nazi propaganda pamphlet.[98]
Ibrahim Chanti / al-Shanti, Muslim owner and chief editor of al-Difa',[99] was an active Nazi agent - revealed.[100]
Eichmann and Hagen also mentioned Ibrahim Chanti (Shanti), the owner of the most prominent Palestinian newspaper in the 1930s. Shanti was an important Nazi agent and Eichmann wanted to help him financially. He even proposed to pay off Shanti’s mortgage. The Nazi Propaganda Ministry supplied printing paper to Shanti. (Shanti is still revered in the Palestinian media.)
Al-Shanti was more active than any other senior journalist in his support of the Arab youth in Palestine. He adopted Nazi and fascist symbols for his enterprise.[99]
Published in 1947:[102]
The Istiqlal Party. The Istiqlal, which had become quiescent after the death of Faisal in 1933, was revived at this time, still under the leadership of Auni Abdul Hadi. His collaborators consisted mostly of professional people and intellectuals , including Izzat Darwazeh, an associate of the Mufti and director of the Moslem Waqfs, Ajaj Nuwaihed, a Druse newspaper man, owner of the Istiqlal's organ, El Arab, and Nabih Bey Admeh, called the "Arab leader of Damascus." An important member, particularly from the point of view of financial support, was Ahmed Hilmi Pasha, a Director of the Arab Bank. The party was the Palestine branch of the Pan-Arab Istiqlal movement and represented a point of view rather than a cohesive organization.
From the outset, the Palestine Istiqlal took the position that Great Britain was the main foe of Arab aspirations, and demanded that the method of resort to violence which had been successful in Iraq and Egypt should be followed in Palestine. From 1933 on, this anti-British outlook began to turn into a pro-Axis orientation, accompanies by a growing anti-Jewish feeling along Occidental anti-Semitic lines.
Ad-Difa, the paper which expressed the Istiqlal view point, was edited by Ibrahim Shanti, who had presided over Arab Student Congresses in Europe and who had admiringly studied Nazi theory and practice. The paper was transparently pro-Nazi; its illustrated section was devoted mainly to the achievements of the new Germany, and was largely composed of material supplied by the German Propaganda Ministry.
Since Istiqlal began to reorganize, it has adopted Nazi ideas - reported Templars' paper: "This party's publication shows a clear sympathy for Nazism and fights fiercely against the Jewish boycott of Germany."[103]
The Templars' Die Warte des Tempels wrote March 15, 1935, that many Arabs saw Hitler as the most important man of the 20th century and almost every Arab knew his name. Fascism and National Socialism with its anti-Jewish attitude were accepted positively by many Arabs.[104]
Already in 1933/4, the al-Difa' (Ad-Difaa) الدفاع was dubbed: The Arab-Nazi newspaper.[105][106]
This paper's enthusiastic coverage for Hitler, despite realizing openly, writing in 1934: "[Hitlerism] is an ideology full of disrespect of all peoples."[107]
In 1935 ad-Difa’e got so bad that the British had to ban it for a month.[108]
In the last years before the war, the Nazis began also to become active in being interested in causing unrest in the Land of Israel. Calling out and supporting anti-Jewish movements all over the world. They could not ignore the possibilities that the Arab hatred against the Jewish aspirations in the Land of Israel gives them. Arab students were therefore recruited to Germany, where they were imbued with an Asian version of Nazism, cunningly adapted to their fierce sensitivity, and the Arabic newspapers in E. Israel printed diligently collected excerpts from Hitler's "Mein Kampf", especially the parts that deal with the Jewish question.
All parties were dragged along by the extremists of the Istiqlal, whose newspaper al-Difa'a became a Nazi propaganda pamphlet.They made efforts to attract the masses with national recommendations, strong hatred of Jews and extreme demands from the authorities. The fascist regimes in Germany and Italy were a source of inspiration and imitation to the national Arab movement. As early as 1932, the newspaper Al-Carmel wrote: "The Nazi movement is a symbol, it is a source of hope - Arab nationalism must adopt the methods of its leaders in their pursuit of independence and freedom."
The Mufti's bulletin al-Jamaa al-Arabiya's continued to incite the public against the government, expressing its support for fascist Italy, which the newspaper said had adopted sympathetic treatment of Arabs and the Muslim world "and supported their national aspirations."
[At least by 1929, Falastin was controlled by the Mufti. (He offered the NYT women if it will propagate for his favor).[110]]
In Jan 1935:[111]
The Germans in the country in Hitler's chariot
Germans and Arabs welcome "Heil Hitler"
The Arab newspapers report that in German circles in the country, joy was felt yesterday about the results of the referendum in the Saar district [Saarland]. The German churches in Jaffa rang the bells. The Wagner factory in Jaffa closed on Tuesday, as a holiday, and the workers received their wages. Arabs who met German friends greeted each other with the greeting "Heil Hitler."
"When will the dear Palestine return to the lap of the 'Arab nation'? - Al-Farouqi asks to know in a main article, regarding the results of the referendum in the Saar, in al-Islamiyya [الاسلامية] :
The Arab expresses joy at the results of the referendum, as "the German people were oppressed and oppressed. Now we must rejoice that the oppressor has passed."
[Related:
Regarding this Islamist, Sheikh Suleiman al-Taji al-Faruqi [سليمان التاجي] (1882 - 1958), (called by some "the Maari of Palestine" [معري فلسطين]) was a member of the Ottoman Patriotic Party in Jaffa, had contributed to the written exchange with the Jews over land he owned in the area of Tel Aviv.
At the end of August 1913, al-Taji addressed an open letter to the mutasarrif and the prosecutor general in Jerusalem, which was published in Filastin under the banner "Freedom or Slavery: Justice or Tyranny?" He warned that the Jews had almost "conquered" Palestine, and that Jewish settlers near Zarnuqa despised the village and had waited for an opportunity to destroy it, which, in the event, was provided by nothing more than a dispute over a bunch of grapes on the vineyard.
In October 1913, Taji addressed another open letter to the mutasarrif that was distributed in the form of a leaflet, and in November he published a vile poem, entitled "the Zionist danger" in Filastin. In his poem, he combined Islamic motifs from the Qur'an and hadith to support his nationalist view, as well as tapping into classic European anti-Semitic tropes.[112][113][114][115][116] It is such racist pieces that caused the Ottoman authorities to ban the paper. In 1914-15, periodical 'Falastin' was banned for its anti-Jewish racism, hatred by Ottoman authorities.[117][118]]
In March 1935 the Husseinis formed a party, called the Palestinian Arab Party. It was, as its president Jamal Husseini freely boasted, inspired by German Nazism.[119] It included a 'youth troop', modelled on the Hitler Youth[120] and for a while actually called, the 'Nazi Scouts'.[119] The young people swore that "Palestine is my homeland, and there is no place for anyone who is not an Arab." Jamal Husseini quoted Hitler: "I started with six, then we were 600 and then 60 million."[121]
"The Arab youth of Palestine respectfully ask the only Führer of Germany to prevent the sale of the German Schneller School and its land to the Jews, so that this sale does not contribute to the Jewification of the Holy Land."
When I stopped on the road to mount a highly visible swastika flag on the radiator of my car, in addition to the official flag attached to the flag stand, a car with Arabs came from the direction of Nablus. I spoke to the Arabs. They agreed to assist me during the passage through Jenin. The transit through Jenin went slowly, with stops about every five metres. My car was constantly surrounded by an excited crowd equipped with sticks and sabres (old German weapons). Five to six Arabs stood on the footboard of my car in a permanent parley, in which I only intervened with the Arabic words 'Konsul Almani' and the German greeting 'Heil Hitler'. The response from the Arab side followed likewise with 'Heil Hitler' and applause so that the trip bore comparison to a triumphal procession. Among the Arabs, the German greeting 'Heil Hitler', symbolic of the Führer's and the Reich Chancellor's popularity, had the strongest impact on this frenzied mob.
Unhindered, the Arab press beat a loud tattoo for murder and revolt. Gramophone records made their appearance in the shops, calling on the Arabs to annihilate the Jews. Nazi flags and pictures of Hitler were prominently displayed in store windows. Booklets explaining Nazi methods of forcing Jews from the Reich were distributed freely...
In April 1936, the hand of the Nazi reached into Palestine itself. The Mufti of Jerusalem, Hitler's friend, instigated riots, telling his followers that Jewish immigration would bring in people who would destroy the Arab population . The riots started in Jaffa.The Arabs cried, "The government is with us," thinking that the British restrictions on Jewish immigration meant they favored the Arabs. Nazi-inspired slogans were shouted in the streets: "Heil Hitler" and "The J... are a gang of swindlers, a menace to all mankind."
Pictures of Hitler were placed in the windows of Arab shops, and phonographs blared "Kill the Jews!"
On April 21, 1936, 'a man in western attire managed to spare himself a beating (or worse) at the hands of an Arab mob in Tulkarm only by shouting "Heil Hitler" and giving the Nazi salute.'[126][127]
A delegation of eighty Nazis who live in Palestine returned today from a visit to Germany bringing with them three large swastika flags. They said they had received the emblems from Reichsfuehrer Hitler himself.
The swastikas will be unfurled by Nazi units at Jerusalem, Haifa and Darona.
Admiration of Nazism among the Arabs, expressed its urge also through groups, the Najjadah, like the Futuwwa and other groups, trying to emulate Nazism or fascism.[130]
... the Husseinis in March 1935 formed the Palestinian Arab Party, whose platform for resistance to the establishment of a Jewish National Home. It set up its own youth corps. al-Futuwwa (the name of an association of Arab knights during the Middle Ages). which resembled Germany’s Hitler Youth and was officially designated the “Nazi Scouts.”
At the founding meeting on February 11, 1936, Jamal al- Husseini, a principal aide of Hajj Amin, declared that Hitler had stalled out with only six followers and now had sixty million. The first seventy al-Futuwwa recruits took the following oath: “Life — my right: independence — my aspiration: Arabism — my principle: Palestine — my country, and there is no room in it for any but Arabs. In this I believe and Allah is my witness.” The Husseini-Nazi connection… through the 1930s and early 1940s. Indeed, as early as March 31, 1933, two months after Hitler's assumption of power, Amin alHusseini told the German consul in Jerusalem that "the Muslims inside and outside Palestine welcome the new German regime and hope for the extension of the fascist anti-democratic, governmental system to other countries." In the name of the Arabs, Husseini expressed a desire to join in the Nazis' anti-Jewish boycott.
Noted:[60]
Relations between the Arab National Movement and the Nazi regime in Germany began to take shape as early as 1933. In the various Arab countries, local parties and organizations began to emulate the Nazi party's methods of operation and to adopt its principles. In the summer of 1933, an attempt was made to establish an Arab Nazi movement in Palestine as well, and the Nazi propaganda ministry provided financial assistance to the Arab national press of a zealous anti-Zionist nature in Israel. However, if until the outbreak of World War II the Nazi regime was still careful to support the Arab national movement, then after the world war began, ties between Nazi Germany and the leaders of the Arab national movement, especially with the Jerusalem Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini, became stronger.
Nazi Arabs ... The Nazi idea is spreading among the Arabs in the Land of Israel.
A member of the Executive Committee of the Arab organization from Haifa said at the last Executive Committee meeting that the Arab national youth in Haifa likes the Nazi principles, and believed that the best way to save the Land of Israel from the Jews was to follow these principles.
In April 1935, around the time of Emir Shakib Arslan's pro Fascist Italy propaganda among the Arabs, Rumors close to the truth tell of Nazi cells existing among the Arabs, which are currently working to expand the anti-Jewish and even anti-English action, and perhaps also against the interests of other powers.[133]
About Shakib Arslan [شكيب أرسلان]:[134]At that time, the Arab movement leaned towards the fascist forces in Europe, which became very strong when the Nazis seized power in Germany. The main fascist-Nazi Arab agent was the Druze emir Shakib Arslan, who left his narrow religious sect and joined the pan-Arab Syrian "Istiqlal" movement in 1919/20, and since then his close relations with Arab leaders in the Land of Israel and especially with the Husseinis have persisted.
He was one of the key figures of Arab nationalist thought and pan-Arab and -Muslim activism in the interwar period. [135]
Involved in the Arabic translation of Mein Kampf in 1938.[136][137]
He was basically "the chief Islamist in Europe was previously held by Shakib Arslan, the kaiser's and the Nazis' most consistent Arab ally who up to 1945 had been subsidized by Hitler's regime."[138]
After heading a Syrian nationalist propaganda service in Geneva for a few years, and after refusing at first, finally in October 1939, it was reported that Hitler granted Arslan a so-called "honorary aryan" status.[139]
This pan-Islamist Shakib Arslan was a contributor to the Nazi Arabic Barid al-Sharq, an Arabic-Nazi propaganda newspaper published in Berlin.[140]
In May 1935, as delegates returned from an Arab youth conference in Haifa, their train to Afula bore a swastika chalked on one of the coaches with an Arabic inscription beneath it reading "Germany over All."[141][142]
In 1935, the Federation of Arab Youth in Palestine petitioned Hitler to help them prevent the Jews from obtaining additional land in Palestine.[143]
In summer of 1935, Arabs in Haifa founded Nazi club, The Red Moon. (Red Crescent) [ريد مون ، نادي النازي]. Well financed.[143] They wore 'brown shirts' too.[144] By then, groups of brown-clad Arab youths were organized in the larger cities.[143]
In June 1935, Palestine Arabs asked Hitler for a ban of land sales to Jews.[145]
Swastika, with the inscription "Long live (sic) Hitler" on the Jerusalem Gate
Jerusalem, July 17. - A swastika sign, with the inscription "Viva Hitler!" [sic], appeared today on the cemetery, opposite the tombs of the Jewish kings. Apparently, the Arabs painted the Hitlerite swastika there.
Sep 1935 – 'Nuremberg Laws’ & on
When Hitler proclaimed the Nuremberg Race Laws in September 1935, a number of Palestinian Arabs sent telegrams congratulating him.[53][147]
From the Palestine Arabs, were more than from other Arabs.[148]
Author with original documentations:
[149]
Signs of sympathy for Hitler and Nazism grew on the Arab street. The swastika flag was also hoisted over Arab homes, Arab cars, and even Arab shoe polishers adorned their crates with the Nazi emblem. Dr. Franz Reichert, a writer for the German News Agency (DNB) in Jerusalem, provided free money to the Arab press, propaganda and photographs about the life of the renewed Germany, and these would devote entire pages to this material. The British saw Dr. Reichert as the main puller In the Nazi spy network in the country, but no action was taken against him. In May 1935, the Palestine-Israeli police learned that extremist Arab nationalists were preparing to form the "Palestinian Nazi Party" in order to fight the Jews in coordination with the sister party in the Reich.
The great momentum of Nazi propaganda in the Middle East occurred in September 1935. When the "Nuremberg Laws" against the Jews were discovered and published, Hitler received greetings from all Arab countries and Islam. The largest number came from Palestine, where Nazi propaganda was strongest.
1936-39:
Al-Husseini's Arab Revolt of 1936 took place against the background of the swastika: Arab leaflets and posters prominently displayed the Nazi symbol; the youth organization of the Mufti's political party paraded as "Nazi-scouts," and Arab children greeted each other with the Nazi salute.[150]
1936.
The Old City of Jerusalem… passersby looking at a graffiti of a swastika and the inscription Hitler in English on a stone wall, the alleys of the Old City, policemen patrolling the place.
In Nov 1936, the AP reported that ‘Arabs read Hitler.’ Arabs joining Nazi Germany, read the "Mein Kampf," and it is 'a best seller in Palestine,' as it became a "best seller among the Anti-Semitics."[152] And reported by the NYT on Apr 4, 1937:[153][154] "Hitler's Mein Kampf once banned in Palestine is now reported to be a Best seller among the Arabs who have joined with Nazi Germany in antagonism to the Jews."
…The shrill calls to take up extremist politics invoked a symbolism that glorified youth, violence, and death. By 1936 Al Difaa, the paper of the Istiqlal movement and the most widely read paper in the Arab community, proclaimed, in clearly fascist tones, that "youth must go out to the field of battle as soldiers of the Fatherland." Others argued that the "Land is in need of a youth, healthy in body and soul like Nazi youth in Germany and the fascist youth in Italy which stands ready for the orders of its leaders and ready to sacrifice its life for the honor of its people and freedom of its fatherland." …Nationalist rhetoric accompanied major efforts to build fascist-style youth organizations by recruiting young men to serve as the strike force of the nationalist movement. Throughout the 1930s the children of wealthy Palestinians returned home from European universities having witnessed the emergence of fascist paramilitary forces. Palestinian students educated in Germany returned to Palestine determined to found the Arab Nazi Party. The Husseinis used the Palestinian Arab Party to establish the al-Futuwwa youth corps, which was named after an association of Arab Nazi Scouts. By 1936 the Palestinian Arab Party was sponsoring the developments of storm troops patterned on the German model. These storm troops, all children and youth, were to be outfitted in black trousers and red shirts… The young recruits took the following oath: "Life — my right; independence — my aspiration; Arabism — my country, and there is no room in it for any but Arabs. In this I believe and Allah is my witness." […]
The al-Futuwwa youth groups connected Palestinian youth to fascist youth movements elsewhere in the Middle East. While the Mufti was establishing youth groups in Palestine, al-Futuwwa groups were established in Iraq...
By the time the Palestinian uprising began in 1936, the Nazi hatred of the Jew had been incorporated into the existing Muslim narrative.[155] There was an overall relentless, unrestrained anti-Jewish incitement.[156]
In an example of increased inciting hatred, the Arabic Radio Station in Jerusalem on Sep 20, 1936 (between 7:45-8pm) had broadcasted a venomous antisemitic lecture, an added interpretation twist and "explanation" onto an Arab legend.[157]
During the 1936-1939 Palestinian revolt, the swastika was used as a mark of identity: Arabic leaflets and graffiti were liberally decorated with it, Arab children welcomed each other with the Hitler salute and vast numbers of German flags and pictures of Hitler were displayed even at celebrations of Mohammed's birthday.
The pro Nazi identification was so strong, that those obliged to travel through areas involved in the Palestinian revolt soon learned, that it was prudent to attach a swastika to their vehicle to gain immunity from Arab snipers.[159]
In 1936, months after Hitler's Nuremberg Laws stripped Jews in Nazi domains of citizenship rights, and branded them as genetic undesirables, Fawzi al-Qawuqji was not squeamish about baiting Jews.[160] This pro-Nazi,[161] had been in charge of broadcasting Nazi propaganda in the Arab world during Second World War.[162] In their Arab propaganda broadcasts from Berlin and Rome, Husseini, Kawkaji and Khilani adopted Nazi terms, frequently using antisemitic profanity.[163][164]
Assembly of Arabs in Germany
Berlin. 16, at the assembly of Arabs and Orientals in Berlin, a resolution was passed against Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel [Palestine]. Those gathered decided to deny the reports published in the Jewish press that Italy and Germany were helping the [Arab] national movement in Palestine. They also decided to boycott the shops of the Jews, not to live with Jewish families and not to come into contact with them.
The Mufti cultivated in open imitation of his hero, Adolf Hitler.[166]
In April of 1936, he asked the Italians for help in poisoning the drinking water of Tel Aviv. In the same year he received assistance from the German government in organizing anti-Jewish riots in Jaffa and Jerusalem.
Decried in 1936:[168]
the government permitted the Mufti's journal, "A Liva", to create the impression that all elements friendly to Zionism in England were in the pay of Jews. "The old Empire bows its head before Jews, because Jews [sic] have [sic] money," or further the Mandate is only apparently in English hands because Jews have purchased it long ago."
Another Arab paper "Falastin" agitated openly for an alliance between the nationalist movement and Sir Oswald Mosley.
The government seemed incapable of understanding that though it might be possible to treat fascist agitation humorously in London, amusement was out of place in Jaffa. The entire German population of Palestine numbers barely three thousand. Assuming that every one of them is a Nazi, they are still unable to publish a daily newspaper without assistance. The fact that a Nazi paper began to appear in Jerusalem, was in itself evidence enough that well-financed Hitler agents were in the country striving to establish contact with the Arab population. The government saw fit to ignore this.
Now it need not be surprised that the words "Heil Hitler" should be a magic pass-word, protecting the speaker from Arab attack.
The most prominent Falastin in 1937 sided openly with Fascist Italy.[169]
Months later, on July 18, 1937, his political instigation led to bloody violence in Baghdad, 30 Jews were injured, shops looted.[171] And: [172]Arabs Like Nazis, Says Moslem
Berlin, Feb. 23 (WNS) — The Arab national movement has much in common with Nazism, the Voelkische Beobachter reports Auni Bey Hadi , leader of the Arab Independence Party and member of the Arab High Committee in Palestine, as having told its correspondent. The Nazi paper says that the Arab leader made a thorough study of Hitler's Mein Kampf while he was in a... camp in Palestine. He is also quoted as advising Germany to study the Arab market in Palestine because the Arabs are boycotting all goods made or sold by Jews.
In the interview, he admitted proudly that while he was interned by the British he had thoroughly worked through the English translation of Mein Kampf.
Months later, on July 18, 1937, his political instigation led to bloody violence in Baghdad, 30 Jews were injured, shops looted.[173]
A March 1937 report, Arab apprentices Admire Hitler.[174]
The agent of the well-known German company "Knoll" has been staying in Jerusalem for two weeks. While visiting an Arab pharmacy, an Arab patient came in with a prescription and asked for medicine. The owner of the pharmacy sent the wholesaler to fetch the medicine, the agent saw the packaging and found out that the medicine was made in Israel, approached the 'patient' and began preaching Nazi-style morals about buying "Jewish products from Tel Aviv." By the way, he took the prescription from him and saw that the doctor was also a Jew, he could not resist and told the Arab "Not only are you as an Arab should be ashamed to buy the Zionist products, you also go to a Jewish doctor and this is a danger for you, the Jewish doctor and the Jewish factory [sic] can poison you." This was said in the presence of an agent of a well-known English factory, who considered him an Englishman.
It is worth noting that this Nazi agent arranges large orders among the Jews.
By May 1937, "All Arabs" celebrated Muhammad's birthday "Hitler and Duce Cheered." - NY Times.[176] Described at the time in JTA[177] May, 1937: "Swastikas Fly As Arabs Mark Mohammed’s Birthday."
Arab children thronged the teeming section’s narrow, winding streets, shouting: “Death to the High Commissioner (Sir Arthur Grenfell Wauchope)! Death to the Jews!” Booklets explaining Nazi methods of forcing Jews from the Reich are being distributed freely. Arabs in Haifa and Jaffa prepared for the birthday celebrations, scheduled for today and tomorrow, by proclaiming a work stoppage and organizing demonstrations.
The Government Education Department issued orders prohibiting Arab pupils to participate in the demonstrations. Arabs newspapers, however, are urging the pupils to disobey.
"Requests to the Italian consulate for Italian flags and pictures of Mussolini exceeded supply. In Haifa market, these were to be found alongside images of Hitler and King Ghazi of Iraq."[178]
The Italian press reported Arab admiration for "the head of fascism for his humane comprehension of Islam, and his courage for having dared to rise before anybody else against the myth of British might."[179]
Nazi Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels praised the Arabs' "national .. conscience," noting that "Nazi flags fly in Palestine and they adorn their houses with Swastikas and portraits of Hitler.[180] All Arab newspapers devoted almost all their pages for that day. Falastin particularly emphasizes the participation of Christians in the Muslim holiday. The newspaper states that two Nazi flags were hoisted on Bustros Street and the swastika was painted on the entrance gates of the Arab Workers' Association. Many Arabs painted the swastika on the blank part of the Arab flag. Pictures of Mussolini, Hitler and Kaukji were hung in various places and in the store entrances.[181]
These special Hitler / Mussolini decorations were seen already days before, ahead and in preparation of the Muslim holiday.[182]
The Times of London reported on 22 May 1937 that an Arab café in the Old City of Jerusalem was prominently displaying a picture of Hitler, alongside images of King Ghazi and Mussolini. The article related, "The Arabs explain that they naturally acclaim ... Herr Hitler because he dislikes the Jews."[126]
In 1937, a Nazi official wrote a letter from Palestine to Berlin which said that Palestinian Arabs showed "a great sympathy for new Germany and its Fuhrer…based on a purely ideological foundation."[183][184]
German documents photographed and sent to Whitehall by an American spy revealed that in 1937, German officials had calculated that "Palestine under Arab rule would… become one of the few countries where we could count on a strong sympathy for the new Germany."
On July 15, 1937, the Mufti met with Walter Döhle German consul in Jerusalem, and offered to send an Arab delegate to Berlin.[185][186] Döhle reported back to Germany that the plan would be that Germany will put out anti-Jewish declarations but not being pro-Arab.[185] The Mufti was disappointed and tried in November 1937 sending another delegate to Berlin. [187] Walter Doehle, wrote:[188]:
"Palestinian Arabs in all social strata have great sympathies for the new Germany and its Führer … If a person identified himself as a German when faced with threats from an Arab crowd, this alone generally allowed him to pass freely. But when some identified themselves by making the ‘Heil Hitler’ salute, in most cases the Arabs’ attitude became expressions of open enthusiasm, and the German gave ovations, to which the Arabs responded loudly."Unveiled documents:[183][123]
‘Arabs admire our Fuhrer’ - "The Palestinian Arabs show on all levels a great sympathy for the new Germany and its Fuhrer, a sympathy whose value is particularly high as it is based on a purely ideological foundation," a Nazi official in Palestine wrote in a letter to Berlin in 1937. He added: "Most important for the sympathies which Arabs now feel towards Germany is their admiration for our Fuhrer, especially during the unrests, I often had an opportunity to see how far these sympathies extend. When faced with a dangerous behaviour of an Arab mass, when one said that one was German, this was already generally a free pass."
Since around 1936-7, Fracois Genoud and the Mufti met several times. Nazi Genoud was later to be infamous as 'financier of fascism', and helper of Nazis escape.
The Mufti "would consider [Genoud] a confidant until his death in 1974."[189]
Said Fattah al-Imam, founder of the al-Nadi al-Arabi (The Arab Club), later to be vehicle for advancing Nazi goals in Syria, educated in Berlin, in 1936, Imam travelled twice to Germany, once even meeting personally with Hitler to try to talk him in to shipping arms to the Palestinians and Syrians so they could use them to fight off the British and the French.[190]
After failing first in getting a statement from Hitler, the mufti did not give up, and had sent Imam in December 1937, who brought a letter to the Goebbels Propaganda Office a recommendation by the mufti, which ended with the words "Heil Hitler!".[191][192]
In 1937, Adolf Eichmann and two SS officers carried out a mission to the Middle East accompanied by the head of the Hitler Youth, Baldur von Schirach who later funded an "Arab Club" in Damascus where German Nazis trained recruits for the mufti's growing army of insurgents.[155] He was quickly expelled by the British.[193] "Eichmann reported from his visit to Israel: The creation of a Jewish State must be prevented."[194]
Heinrich[195] Himmler, in 1937 gave to the Haifa branch at the request of Eichmann (through his superiors), as a token of gratitude to the Haifa Nazis - his anti Jewish twisted book, whereby he evoked, aligned himself with Hamman[196] of the book of Esther.
Himmler does not specify what the proposed solution was. But the Bible itself teaches that the solution will be through the destruction of peoples, the physical extermination of the Jews throughout the empire.
The mighty Persian, from India to Kush:
"And books were sent by the hand of the runners into all the king's lands,
To destroy, kill and lose all the Jews, from youth to old age, children and women, in one day ... and loot despise."... the wording of this book proves that the seed of extermination lay in the very essence of the Nazi racist conception, and that this was its consistent conclusion, the conception designers did not even think of it in the first place, in full consciousness.
Anti-Semitic racism was at the heart of the Nazi worldview. And the extermination of the Jews was the core of the antisemitic conception.
Eichmann's 1937 trip project included a friendly[159] visit with the mufti in Egypt.[194] It was after this visit, in fact, that Haj Amin went on the Nazi payroll as an agent and propagandist.[159]
[Worth mentioning: Among the collaborators with Hitler was the Mufti, a small fish. The Norwegians had Vidkun Quisling, the Belgians had Leon Degrelle, the Dutch the Waffen-SS unit, the largest outside Germany, the Ukrainians Stepan Bandera, the Russians General Andrey Andreyevich Vlasov and Azov Battalion, and more and more (or Vichy France). Each of these names was a much more "respectable" collaborator with the Third Reich and its plans than the Mufti.[197][198]]
[Example of the far reaching Mufti's influence:
inspiring overseas:
Sufi Abdul Hamid, called the 'Black Hitler',[199][200] called so by both the black and white press[201][202] who incited the blacks in NY to drive out Italians and Jews in the 1930s,[199] was inspired by the Mufti.[203][204]]
The Arab rebels often displayed the swastika.[205]
Nazi backing Arab violent riots against the Brits and Jews
Suspicion of Nazi involvement was already at the beginning, in 1936, with Germans arrested and German made rifles at Arab rioters.[206] Arabs were captured with smuggled Nazi Arms.[207]
In 1937, French paper Marianne exposed Nazi armament of Arab Terrorists.[208]
More evidence seen on the ground in 1938.[209]
In Sep 1938, as Arabs murder 10 in a day of terror, the Forward quotes from the New York Times reporter Joseph Levy:[210] Hitler and Mussolini Send More Money to Terrorists...
The Arab terror on Palestine is financed by Hitler and Mussolini.
Indeed, Nazis 'shipped arms to Palestinians,' British National Archives unveiled presence of Nazi S.S. agents in Mandatory Palestine, working closely with Palestinian leaders, at least since 1937.[183][184]
Widely known:[211] The role of foreigners in .. riots is known, that in the days of the events of 1936-39 the help of German and Italian guides to the Arab gangs was widespread, and only thanks to it was it possible for the Arab gangs to last for a long time...
In March 1938, the Time, reported,[212] that there have been "respectable sales among Palestine Arabs" of Hitler's 'Mein Kampf.'
On July 24, 1938, the NYT reported that 'Anti-Jewish' campaign stirs neighboring lands, moderate Arabs swayed, more terrorism expected.[213]
Arab-Nazi ball in Berlin. London (Palcor.) The Berlin writer of the "Daily Telegraph" announces that a Palestine ball was held at the Arab club in Berlin, in which, in addition to the Arab activists, who are now staying in Berlin, some of the leaders of the Nazi party also participated. In their speeches at the ball, they spoke of the solidarity between the Germans and the Arabs, directed against the Jews and against England.
This was weeks before Hitler mentioned the Arabs of Palestine in his speech.
Following Hitler's Sep 12, 1938 speech in Nuremberg, in which he said Arabs in Palestine were "defenseless and left in the lurch," Arabs in the Holy Land hailed it. And: An Arab spokesman greeted Hitler's statement with this declaration: "Now we are not without friends in Europe; our ultimate success as a nation lies in the hands of Hitler and Mussolini and not Britain and France." [215][216]
And: 'Arabs Hail Hitler As Liberator… Arabs Look to Hitler.’[217]
Commenting (Sep.13.38) on Hitler's speech (mentioning Palestine's Arabs), while casting doubts on Hitler's sincere "concern" for them, it still, without being convinced Hitler would be of benefit, boasted Nazi anti-Semitism in the same breath defined what is a dictatorship, Falastin: a dictatorship was really a State which had freed itself of Jewish influence, while democracies were countries which still bore that onus."[218][219]
Announced as Adolf Hitler's "honor guests" this week in Nürnberg were 100 certified Jew-baiting Arabs brought especially from Palestine and Africa...
Hitler is tremendously popular with the Arabs. The reason is not far to seek — he is the enemy of the Jews, whom the Arabs consider their enemy in Palestine, and of Great Britain. Hitler pointedly invited Arabs to Germany as honored guests, and in the Nuremberg speech in 1938 he talked about the "defenseless Arabs in Palestine, left in the lurch." An Arab spokesman in Jerusalem replied promptly, "Now we are not without friends in Europe; our ultimate success as a nation lies in the hands of Hitler and Mussolini." The greatest contemporary Arab hero is — Adolf Hitler.
Shop windows displayed Hitler's photo in Jenin (Palestine) in 1938.[223]
In Oct 1938,[224] The Scotsman in a leading article on the Palestine question, stated: "No British Government can impose a scheme which would ultimately make it possible for the Arabs to massacre the Jews. Such a solution breathes the spirit of Hitler, not of England."
In Sep 1938, ‘’a hundred Palestine Arabs visited the Nazi party conference in Nuremberg.’’[225][169]
How the Time reported it:[226]Announced as Adolf Hitler's "honor guests" this week in Nürnberg were 100 certified Jew-baiting Arabs brought especially from Palestine and Africa...
Published in 1939:[227]
The disturbances in Palestine, too, were exploited by Nazi propagandists, not only with the object of creating difficulties for Great Britain, but also to stir up anti-Jewish feeling in all the Arab countries.A suspiciously large number of Nazi leaders took their holidays in Arab countries. The German Press was full of articles expressing sympathy with the Arab cause and fiercely attacking both the British and the Jews. The Nazi short-wave broadcasts adopted the same attitude. A Berlin club was used as Arab headquarters. Ostensibly the club was merely a cultural society for the benefit of Arab students in Germany, but, as the Daily Telegraph revealed, the printed notepaper used by this club bears the inscription in Arabic and German: "Permanent Defence Committee for Palestine in Europe - Berlin headquarters."
A hundred Arabs, their fares paid by the Nazis, attended the Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg in 1938.
At the time, Ahmad Shukeiri said, he was invited by the Germans to attend the Nuremberg Rally.[228]
[In Latin America, Palestine born Jorge Sabaj Zurob, published a piece lumping debunked myth of "the Protocols" with his admiration of Hitler, justifying Hitler's argument, in an all out 'salad word' tirade.[229]]
From (noted[230]) author:[231]
The Mufti of Jerusalem, encouraged by Axis successes in Abyssinia and Central Europe, had seized power among the Palestine Arabs... Passing an Arab shop one might hear a record chanting in Arabic, "Slaughter the Jews!" Photographs of Hitler began to spring up in Arab barber shops and cafés, side by side with those of the Mufti. Youngsters in Arab villages marched about waving small swastika flags.
Author in 1947:[169]
Needless to say, how great was the effect of the German victories, in the first period of the war, on the Arabs of the country, and how difficult was then the impression of their defeat: an Egyptian, who visited the country in the days after the conquest of Berlin wrote: "The people cry in the morning and sob in the evening. And blow to their cheek between morning and evening."
At (بيرزيت) Bir Zeit most of the students wrote ‘A. Hitler,’ in answer to 'a great man,' when explained as 'a man who influences the spirits of his contemporaries.'
[232]
Oct 1938 report from Jerusalem:[32]
Arabic translation of Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" was put on sale here today at the modest price of three piastres (about 21 cents). Many copies are being distributed among the Arabs free of charge. It was noted that the edition placed on sale here carefully purged the passage in which the Arabs are graded fourteenth on the racial scale.
In 1938 alone, Germany has spent 60,000 pounds on propaganda amongst the Arabs in the land. It was estimated that the mufti's cousin Daud al-Husseini, in 1939 was the link between him and the Nazis at the time.[233]
Commander Mr Oliver Locker-Lampson (1880-1954) on Apr 12, 1938 mentions the Time report the pay out for Arabs to kill a Jew that the money, obviously, comes from the Axis:[234]
We should never have taken our marching orders from Signor Mussolini. We should have countered the proposals and the propaganda which Italy and Germany poured in to make the Arabs not anti-Jew but anti-British. The "Times" has informed us that for five pounds an Arab can be got to kill a Jew. I wonder where the money comes from?
A book published in the summer of 1939[235] reports "it has been decided to "convert" 25,000 Nazis to Mohammedanism. They will be organised in a newly-formed Moslem association, Jamait-e-Muslimin, which already has an understanding with the Mufti, a leader of the Palestinian Arabs."
As was reported in the House of Commons in February 16, 1938, in Palestine, "Italian women were disguised as charity workers and nuns and they supplied Arabs with faked pictures of Jewish atrocities and told the Arabs that their poverty was due to British mis-management. Travelling cinema vans showed the Arabs faked pictures of Jews killing Arabs . . . The Italian broadcast from Bari was picked up in Palestine and interspersed in an attractive programme was a series of slogans like ‘Palestine belongs to the Arabs’, ‘Kill the Jews' 'Let Palestine Arabs re-arm'."
Author, in 1938:[124]
If one may judge from the tone of the Arab press, the lot of the Jew under the coming 'National Government' will be anything but pleasant. El Jamiyah Arabiyah snarls that "the English can stand the pride and impudence of the Jews, but the Arabs know what kind of vermin[sic] the J.. are and will know how to silence them." Another ready example is the editorial in Islamia on October 4, 1936, appealing to foreign Arabs not to confine themselves to mere boycott of Jews but to drink their blood. It may be seen again in the inflammatory circulars systematically scattered in Jerusalem, reading: "Kill the J..s until not one of them remains. Gird yourselves and satiate your souls that thirst for blood, souls that cannot be sated but with the blood of the . . . alien and loathsome J.."
Farago found that "Arab agitators visit the peasants and promise them that at the end of the struggle the land and wives of the Jews will be distributed amongst them. With this expectation the peasant digs up his money and buys rifles and ammunition from wandering gunrunners."
Like many other informed men, Duff gave blunt warning that "as soon as the Palestinian leaders understood that Great Britain had really left them to their own devices... a general massacre of the Jews and the destruction of their colonies would occur." It need occasion no surprise that the words 'Heil Hitler' proved a magic pass- word during the recent rebellion, protecting Europeans against attack... All over Palestine groups of brown-clad storm troops were marching, shouting 'Heil Hitler.' At Nablus, boldly operating in the open, was a military training school for the Arab Scouts, prime leaders in the disturbances. Late in March a meeting of influential Arabs, practically all of them Government employees, was held at Safed to plan the uprising...
The Arab journals Falastin and Al Difa[h] published regularly articles of a racial nature, together with large portraits of the various leaders of the Third Reich. They did not even attempt to conceal the fact that they had become tools of the Ministry of Propaganda in Berlin. The shout of 'Heil Hitler' became a catchword which rang insolently over all Palestine.
On April 17, 1936 the funeral of a murdered Jew was made the occasion of a protest demonstration. In an ugly mood, the police fired into the crowd, wounding thirty persons. Immediately after, steelhelmeted officers invaded Tel Aviv, dragging out householders on suspicion of having been connected with the protest. Bearers of black-bordered Zionist flags of mourning were beaten into unconsciousness. Sullen, angry apprehension once more made the air of the Holy Land a tinder box. It was in the midst of this charged condition that the explosion was touched off. The actual lighting of the fuse took place on the nineteenth of April when a blood-curdling tale was circulated in Jaffa that four Arab men and women had been beheaded by Jews in Tel Aviv. Instead of counteracting these wild rumors, the Government added fuel to the fire by dispatching enlarged police units to Tel Aviv, obviously to protect Arabs from Jewish attack. The outbreaks were swiftly and shrewdly plotted. On the scheduled day not a single Arab was to be seen in Tel Aviv though they generally offer their vegetables for sale as early as five in the morning. Jews visiting Jaffa were irritably told by the Chief Officer there that he "really did not understand why they had come . . . since everybody had already known yesterday that anti-Jewish attacks were to take place." Not a finger was lifted by the Authorities. On the entire road from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem only one policeman was posted though the roads were almost bursting with armed and threatening men. Jaffa burst into flames with the familiar cry "the Government is with us" urging the demented horde on. By midday the streets were running with Jewish blood. Many were slaughtered and mutilated past identification, right under the eyes of the police who made no effort to interfere. The contagion spread to all parts of the country like wildfire. Little boys of six carried automatics, shooting them off on the streets of Jerusalem as if they were toy pistols.
Unhindered, the Arab press beat a loud tattoo for murder and revolt. Gramophone records made their appearance in the shops, calling on the Arabs to annihilate the Jews. Nazi flags and pictures of Hitler were prominently displayed in store windows. Booklets explaining Nazi methods of forcing Jews from the Reich were distributed freely... Far more potent than any interference by Italian or Papist has been the German intervention, which the English studiously ignore. It has been shown that agitators now active in the Near East have been trained in a special school in the Brown House in Munich; that pamphlets in Arabic are printed in Berlin and Hamburg for distribution in Palestine. On October 22, 1933, it was announced that Eissael Bendek, member of the Arab Executive's Administrative Bureau, would direct a propaganda campaign in the interests of the Nazi Party. On June 8, 1934 the Jerusalem Arab daily, Mukkattam, reported the formation of an Arab Nazi Youth Organization. The French Weekly, Marianne, reported in 1937 that a great part of the arms employed in the rebellion were supplied by the Suhl and Erfurter Gewehrfabrik of Germany, which sent, in particular, many rifles and machine-guns.
Asides from espousing a fanatic Pan-Arabism, the Iraqi Futuwwa[236] (which was coincided with the Mufti's Futuwwa in Palestine[89]) adopted a frankly totalitarian ideology, and, as though in recognition of kinship, in 1938 sent a delegation to a Hitler Youth rally in Berlin,[236] to the Nuremberg rally, and soon afterwards hosted the leader of the Hitler Youth[237] Baldur von Schirach in Baghdad.[238]
The first Arabic-language edition of portions of Mein Kampf was published in Egypt in 1939 by Nassiri Nasser, the brother of Gamal Abdul Nasser who admired Hitler as "the strongest man in Europe."[239][240]
On Jan 26, 1939, a large shipment of Hitler’s "Mein Kampf" in Arab translation arrived in Palestine from Egypt.[241]
In early 1939, London newspapers have often reported on the increased activities of the German and Italian fascists in the Near and Middle East, and in (Mandatory) Palestine in particular. The newspapers relied on 'facts.'[242]
Barid Al Sharq ([بريد الشرق]: Orient Post) was an Arabic Nazi propaganda publication published in Berlin, in the period 1939–1944. It was distributed in the Arab countries and Mandatory Palestine. "Articles in Barid al-Sharq, dominated by the usual anti-British, anti-Communist, and anti-Jewish agitation, also drew on religious themes... Contributors included the Lebanese pan-Islamist Shakib Arslan and Abdurreshid Ibrahim, who, after his service for Germany during the First World War, had now become imam of the Tokyo Mosque, giving the paper a further pan-Islamic tinge." The journal also published several speeches by members of the Nazi elite, by the Mufti al-Husayni (including his calls for Jihad). And its editors also published an Arabic- language brochure with the title Islam and the Jews (al-Islam wa-l-Yahud), based on a series of articles that the journal had run earlier under the same title. Numerous copies were distributed in Tunis. In spring 1942, the German consulate in Tangier reported the "confiscation" of several boxes of the brochure by Spanish officials. Thre distribution of Barid al-Sharq in the Tangier zone repeatedly caused friction between German officials and the local Spanish administration during the North African campaign. [140]
Arslan, one of the key figures of Arab nationalist thought and pan-Arab and - Muslim activism in the interwar period,[135] very tight with the Arab leadership in Mandatory Palestine, especially with the Husseinis, as he, Arab movements in general, clung to fascism.[134]
Yunus Bahri of the (Nazi propaganda in Arabic on the) radio Here is berlin (greeting to the Arabs) also contributed to the journal.[58]
Nazism at Arabs: Ideology too, not just "practical" allies.
Historian:[28]Arab admiration for Nazism in the 1930s, after Hitler came to power, should be seen against the backdrop of such an identity of values. The explanation usually given for such admiration, namely, that a common antipathy toward France and Britain pushed the Arabs into Hitler's arms, is only a partial explanation. Furthermore, as a fundamental explanation, it is overly simplistic to the point of being a perversion of history.
While Hitler's violation of the Versailles Treaty was a crude slap in the face of Britain and France, it came much later in 1936, with German rearmament, and in 1938, with the Anschluss of Austria. From 1933 at least until the German attack on Poland in September 1939, there were no grounds for assuming that Hitler, an Anglophile who based his long-term strategy, as outlined in Mein Kampf, on Anglo-German cooperation, would be the one to save the Arabs from British colonialism. As the Middle East was mostly under the British sphere of influence, Hitler viewed it at the time of his accession largely as secondary to his overall plans; German attitudes then could be summed up by Bismarck's aphorism, "The entire Eastern question is not worth the bones of a single Pomeranian grandier."
Furthermore, while Jews were the victims of Mazi Anti-Semitism, that anti-Semitism included all Semites, at least at the "anthropological" level. Nazi contempt for Arabs is amply reflected in expressions of racist revulsion toward them, and of the embarrassment engendered among the Nazi leadership by the courtship toward them by Haj Amin al-Husseini, at least prior to the outbreak of the Second World War.
Immediately upon Hitler's accession to power, parties emulating National Socialism were formed throughout the Arab world. One such party, established in Syria by Anton Sa'ada, adopted all the outer forms of Nazism with alacrity. Sa'ada, who presented himself to the world as "Fuehrer of the Syrian Nation", included in his party's platform the claim that "Syrians are a 'master race' by their very nature".
Hitler himself was Islamized, acquiring the new appellation of "Abu Ali" (and in Egypt, for some reason, "Mohamed Heidar").
Similar parties were also established in Iraq, Tunisia, and Morocco. However , the one party on the Nazi model in the Arab world whose impact transcended the period of the 1930s and which , to a considerable extent, fashioned the regime in the principal Arab land subsequent to the Second World War, was the Green-Shirted Young Egypt, which specifically copied the forms of the Hitler Youth and the Brown Shirts of the SA. The party was founded by Ahmed Hussein in October 1933 on the German model, replete with raised-armed greetings, a general staff, storm troopers, torch - light parades, and Nazi slogans (including a literal translation into Arabic of "One Nation, One Party, One Leader", and "Egypt über alles"). Gang of strong-arms to deal with opponents, and, needless to say , the status of "Fuehrer" for Ahmed Hussein. Nazi anti-Semitism was also incorporated into Young Egypt, including a boycott of Jewish businesses , physical harassment , and incitement to violence. As Dafna Alon has stated, "Nazi anti-Semitism – theory, practice, and policy – fitted the needs of Arab nationalism [in the 1930s] like a glove."
During the war, Young Egyptians supplied Rommel with intelligence...Author:[243]
the relations between the Arab and Nazi leaders were based on something more than a quid pro quo, i.e., Arab help in the Nazi war effort in exchange for Nazi help in the struggle against the Jews and British. They also shared certain values, if bloodthirstiness and all-consuming Jew-hatred can be called "values."
The Falastin since 1932/3 was ‘excited’ about Nazi Germany.[244]It glorified Hitler, comparing him to their ideal leaders.[245] Hitler glorification included his war against the Jews, calling him "noble" for that.[246]
During some period of time, it openly carried pro Hitlerism. During other periods, for example to avoid discipline, censorship and or penalties, it, for a while, used sneaky tricky ways, that is, to glorify Nazis by carefully selected "reports" elaborating on Axis advances and 'excite' its readers on Hitler while cherry picking negative or critical of the Allies steps citing sources from Western countries, so the investigators wouldn't act. In addition, often inserting "news" as a subtitle under those articles, as if its source is the same... [130][83] In all, Falastin, as well as almost all other Arab newspapers in Palestine cheered for Hitler[247]
Overview:[248]In September 1933, al-Difa' called the struggle against the Zionists a jihad (holy war), and warned that anyone who did not take a part in this war was committing a sin. The Arabic press also featured cartoon caricatures of the Jews, in the best tradition of Der Stürmer, the Nazi anti-Semitic weekly.
For instance, in September 1932, Filastin printed a cartoon depicting Zionism as an intimidating crocodile, opening its mouth wide to swallow two Arab peasants, while an armed British soldier stood by calmly.
Mir'at al-Sharq (Mirror of the World) was the only Arab newspaper that dared to go against the trend. In April 1935 it urged Arab-Jewish co-operation, arguing that the Arabs and the Jews were cousins, and Palestine was the only safe haven for them.
The paper was denounced by the rest of the Arabic press, and accused of collaborating with the Jews.
(In running from the Brits, in 1937, the Mufti also used such tricks as "escaped into the Temple Area."[249])André Palert, the Marianne French (active 1930-40 noted) magazine's special correspondent in Jerusalem, reported at least since 1937 how Mussolini woos the Arabs and about the Mufti's extremism. And that:[250]
The Mufti has also become one of the most eminent personages of the Moslem world, a leader whose moral prestige as defender of the Arabs was so well established that he was in a position to arbitrate in the war between Saudi Arabia and the Yemen, and ultimately to bring about peace between the two Arab States.He interviewed the Mufti at the Haram al-Sharif and was informed that Italian arms and funds were reaching the Holy Land[251]
Weeks after the Mufti and other Arab terror leaders have escaped into neighbouring areas, it was reported on Nov 6, 1937, "Arabs demand money and arms from Hitler and Mussolini," they chose delegates who will travel to Rome and Berlin, with the aim of gaining support from Mussolini and Hitler in their fight against the Brits and the Zionists, seeking money as well as weapons.[252]
Arab journals Falastin and Al Difa'a publish every week articles with a racial tendency and frequently reproduce large portraits of various leaders of the Third Reich. They do not even try to conceal the fact that they have become pupils of the Ministry of Propaganda in Berlin.
Publicized in 1938, the editor of the extremist Arab daily "Ad-Difaa" visited Cairo to meet a "prominent German personage" and returned suddenly to expand its pages and greatly extend its news and pictorial services. The swastika has appeared in Arab leaflets and German rifles have been captured more than once from Arab terrorists.[255]
Documented at the time and quoted in a May 22, 1939, session:[256]Already in 1935—I am quoting the editor of the "Quarterly Review,"— 50 German agents were sent to Africa and the Near East. Their destinations, among others, were Haifa and Jaffa.They were given instructions to carry on the most intensive propaganda efforts among the natives. In 1936 — I am quoting the "Daily Telegraph" —the Jerusalem police intercepted documents proving that the Arab raiders received £ 50,000 from Germany and £ 20,000 from Italy for the purpose of strengthening their resistance.
We know that British officers in Palestine talk freely of the German and Italian arms and money that the terrorists have received. We know that the land mines by which British soldiers have been murdered could not be made and could not be operated by the Arabs. We know that on one occasion the bloodhounds followed the trail from a land mine to a blacksmith's shop in the German colony of Waldenheim. We know that Dr. Goebbels has established a propaganda school for Arabs in Berlin.Reported by the Time, in July 1939:[257]
In Germany hand-picked Arabs are invited as honor guests to the Nazi Party's annual Congress at Nürnberg, where they usually hear Nazi orators bait the Jews. Both Nazi and Fascist newspapers, moreover, rarely miss a chance to fight the battle of the Arab in Palestine and Syria.
In Sep 1939:[258]Hitler's speech was repeatedly broadcast in Arabic from Berlin on Friday and yesterday. The Berlin Station also broadcast attacks in Arabic on Great Britain for alleged ill treatment of Arabs in Palestine and elsewhere.Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem[259] (who chose to "believe" the old bloodlibel canard of ritual murder, since his youth,[260][261][262] (his secretary, Mar'uf al-Dawilibi still reiterated it in 1984, at the UN.[263]), and was directly involved in organizing the 1920 violence[264] and the 1929 riots that destroyed the 3,000-year-old Jewish community of Hebron[159] - brutal 1929 Hebron massacre[265][266]) He "was recognized as the sole leader of the Arabs of the country after the role he played in the events of August 1929."[127]
His Nazi style hatred was manifested already in 1937. As a venomous brochure, dubbed the Arab Nein Kampf[267] was distributed at the Bludan conference, attended by over 400 Arabs in Sep. 1937, entitled "Islam and Jewry." It has been described as history's "first text that propagated sheer Jew-hatred in an Islamic context by mixing selected anti-Jewish episodes of Mohammed’s life with the so-called wickedness [sic] of Jews in the 20th century."[268] Ahmad Shukeiri also helped spread his message which he described as a European Crusade against Islam, and declared that the Arab people would rise and fight world Jewry...[269] At that conference the Mufti was elected pan Arab president. The speech has been translated into German in 1938,[270] The brochure was also translated into Croatian during World War II and distributed to the Bosnian Muslim SS soldiers - the SS Division. The 13th mountain "Handschar".[267] Ahead of the Bludan Conference, the Arab Higher Committee published a 'warning' to Lebanon and any Arab nation that will open its doors to the Jews. The AHC called this, a "danger."[271]
A highlight of the 1936-9 Arab riots’ atrocities is the Tiberias 1938 massacre.[272][273]
Report at the time: The Jewish neighborhood never had issues with its Arab neighbors. In-between their atrocious acts, the Arab attackers sat down and ate calmly at a house they invaded. Their "heroic" acts was aimed at defenseless. Brother and sister were found held together. People were burned, some while alive. Witnesses said orders were given over in a European language and an Arab official translated into Arabic to the large gang. There were screams to kill the Jews in Arabic and 'Allah Akbar.'[274] Author:[275]
Arabs stormed a Jewish neighborhood in Tiberias, killing 19 people, including 11 children.The truck driver Alex Morrison arrived in town shortly after the attackers left. "They left behind one of the most horrible sights I have ever seen in my life," he later wrote: the place was littered with corpses, men, women and children. "The women's naked bodies testified that the assailants made the most horrific use of their knives," Morrison wrote.
In one building, probably a baby house, the scorched bodies of children were still burning; It was obvious that fuel had been poured on them before they were set on fire.(There is a version that there was some Nazi link to the Arab gang as well.[276][277])
Falastin Newspaper 1939 - elaborating on Hitler's speech - the "leader"
Part II
April 24, 1939 Falastin issue publishes Hitler's speech and calls him 'the leader.'
Islamischer Kulturbund - Berlin. From a Dec 1939 report:[278]
Headquarters of the Union of Islamic and Christian Arabs, the organization said to be behind much of the terrorism in North Africa, have been shifted to Berlin, and the name has been changed to Islamischer Kulturbund . . . That the so-called escape of the Grand Mufti from Jerusalem was not an escape at all, but due to the deliberate laxity of the British authorities, who wanted him out of the country . . .
The story is that with the Mufti outside of Palestine the British could legally get control of the funds of the Moslem religious bodies, of which the Mufti was the boss . . . With these funds, it is said, he financed the campaign of terrorism . . .
Istaqlal's nationalist Awni Abd Al-Hadi, who mentored, employed Ahmad Shukeiri,[279], as Istiqlal's president, he visited Germany in 1939, meeting Nazi officials.[280]
On June 8, 1939, King Ibn Saud's adviser, Khalid al-Hud al-Qarqani, met with German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, and then with Hitler himself on June 17.[281] According to [bragging of] the Mufti in his 1954 book:[282] Hitler cited the Jihad of the Arabs of Palestine as an example at an official reception held in 1938 for Khaled al-Qarqani, the adviser of.. the King Abd al-Aziz to the House of Saud, Hitler said, that he was full of admiration for the struggle of the Palestinian Arabs and their heroism...
Front page of the October 19, 1944 issue of 'Lahayal,' the daily newspaper for Jewish soldiers in Europe published in Italy. Top headlines are about the progress of the Allies in Europe.(Courtesy of the National Library of Israel) There is a trove of publications by WWII Jewish soldiers from Palestine, newspapers, journals, and other periodicals produced by Jewish units from Palestine in British Army reveal rich intellectual and emotional lives of soldiers fighting in Europe.[283](Jews paid Arabs to join British army,[284] a large portion of Arabs that did fight in Palestine came from across the Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, to the recruitment bureaus in Palestine, and many of them enlisted with the intention of acquiring weapons for themselves.[285] Author Yoni Rainey, in [286] his books - "Closed Case" and "The Hidden Side of Nazism and the Holocaust" - he claims that about 9,000 Palestinian and Jordanian Arabs did enlist to the British Army during the war (in comparison with about 27,000 Jews). But, from the moment it became evident the Germans may pass through Egypt and reach Palestine in spring 1942, Palestinian Arabs switched sides. About 78% of the Arab volunteers deserted the British army, often times stealing weapons for the purpose of helping the Germans fight the Jews when the time came. Additionally, a survey conducted in 1941 shows that 88% of Palestinian Arabs supported Nazi Germany, while only 9% backed the British mandate. And then there is that Shukairy's testimony[287] in his book about almost no one agreeing in 1940 to help in British war efforts).
The February 1941 poll[288] showed Palestine Arabs overwhelmingly supported the Nazis.
In 1940, the Mufti attempted to open up communication with Hitler through contacting Franz Von Papen, Nazi representative in Ankara. His letter via N. Shawkat, was given to von Papen on July 5, 1940.[289] on this day, congratulating the Germans for their victory over France and soliciting further German support for the Arab cause.[290]
From captured German archives:[291]
One "top secret" document revealed that in 1940 an agreement on Palestine was formulated. In it "Germany and Italyrecognize the right of the Arab countries to solve the question of the Jewish elements in Palestine and the other Arab countries in a manner that conforms to the national and ethnic interests of the Arabs, and to the solution of the Jewish question in the countries of Germany and Italy." On Aug. 6, 1940, Franz von Papen, German Ambassador in Turkey, cabled Berlin of his meeting with the Grand Mufti. The cable made known that the pro-Nazi Arab clique that included the present Saudi Arabian Secretary of State wished to cooperate with Hitler by organizing a revolt in Palestine. Von Papen reported that an understanding was reached with Saudi Arabia on the removal of pro-British King Abdullah of Transjordan and the annexation of that territory to Palestine.
The Grand Mufti wrote Hitler on June 21, 1940, that Arab Palestine which had been "fighting the democracies and international Jewry, is ready at any time to assume an active role" in collusion with Germany.
A Nov. 1940 report from Cairo on Axis’ efforts to incite Arabs against Britain and Jews, while Egypt under Britain tried to counter it.[292] A Nov 1 report:[293]There were efforts also from the US, in 1942, to counter Nazi propaganda:[294][295]Broadcasts Appeal To Arabs
In a new effort to arouse the Arabs against Britain, the Zeesen radio broadcast on its Arabic program an official German declaration pledging complete German sympathy in the Arab struggle for independence. The Fascist radio, in a highly colored version of the London Zionist conference asserted that it proved the alliance between Britain and the Jews is working satisfactorily against the Palestine Arabs. Replying to the German declaration, the Egyptian radio broadcast a statement to the Arab world reminding Arabs that Hitler had called them a savage people living in the dark ages.
The statement pointed out that while Hitler promised the Arabs independence, his Italian ally had stolen the rights and freedom of the Arabs of Tripoli and the independence of Islamic Albania.To counteract Axis propaganda to the Arabs, with accent on the legend that Hitler is a Moslem and a direct descendant of Mohammed, short-wave station WRUL in Boston has begun a regular program directed at Arab sources. WRUL has also undertaken to short-wave a weekly Hebrew period, intended for listeners in Palestine and elsewhere.
Reported in June 1942:[296]Nazi embassy in Turkey Fosters revolt among Palestine Arabs.
Through their led massacre on Iraqi Jews in 1941, al-Kailani and al-Husseini wanted to signal, there in a 2,500-year-old community, how Arabia’s Jews should be treated.[297]
During the days of the 1941 uprising in Iraq, preparations were made in Palestine for the resumption of the uprising. Posters with a swastika on their heads were distributed among the Arabs and called for an alliance with the Germans.[298]
Explained:[299]From the way of nature came the struggle for the Land of Israel and instilled a great deal of venom and power in all those elements of Islam that were hostile to Jews and Judaism. Although it is quite clear that these foundations intensified in the Middle East for many years before the establishment of the State of Israel. The status of the Jewish minorities in the Arab world, as well as the status of Christians and non-Arab groups, became increasingly intolerable (and unrelated to Zionism) in the face of pan-Arabism, unique nationalism, overt anti-Semitism, and the resurgence of Muslim fanaticism.All these trends, which have omitted the ground beneath the feet of the old Jewish communities in Arab countries, drew their power out of a common disgrace to the West and its emancipatory heritage. For it was not Islam but the hated colonialists who granted equal rights to the Jewish and Christian minorities in the Middle East. Against this background it is easy to understand why there was Nazism (and especially its anti-Jewish elements) to arouse such enthusiasm and admiration among the Arabs in the 1930s and 1940s. The words written by Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem and the leader of the Arabs of Israel, to Adolf Hitler on January 20, 1941, did not in any way contradict the general tone of the Arab nationalism of the period. "Arab nationalism owes Your Excellency a debt of gratitude and of recognition for having repeatedly [again and again] brought up in ringing speeches the 'question of Palestine.'"
In fact, the "question of Palestine" was intended only a marginal place in Hitler's policy and German policy until the outbreak of the war, although the Mufti did not err in seeing Hitler and German leaders as 'anti-Zionists', as opposed to the Stalinist, Trotskyist and leftist fabrications.
Taha Pasha al Hashimi and the MuftiNoted in 1946:[300]
Iraqi Palestine Defense Society. This Society has been responsible for making the Mufti's propaganda in 'Iraq, they issued their own paper, and wrote articles and fabricated news items for other newspapers, and prepared Arabic broadcasts for the German Minisrer to cable to Germany for broadcasting in the Berlin Arabic broadcasts.
This work threw Taha Pasha into close touch with the German Legation staff who naturally were highly desirous of making contacts with this anti-British body.
This was not Taha Pasha's only contact with the Germans and Palestinians and perhaps his most important contact was his close friendship for Dr. Amin Ruwaiha - Germany's No. 1 Arab agent.
Dr. Amin's wife's sister became Taha Pasha's mistress and a close friendship was established between these two. Amin Ruwaiha had been closely connected with Fawzi al Qaoukji and had assisted him to get arms and to gang to Palestine in the summer of 1936.Noted in 1947:[301]
A key person in the Mufti's organization was Taha Pasha al-Hashimi, who had become Iraqi Defense Minister in 1938. Before that, he had been president of the Iraqi Palestine Defense Society in charge of the Mufti's propaganda and responsible for the preparation of the for the Nazi program broadcasts... Taha Pasha was in close contact with Germany's "number one" Arab agent, Dr. Amin Ruwaiha, and through him, with the German Legation.
From British Record:[302]Taha was the co-founder of the Pan Arab Nazi Club Al-Muthanna in Baghdad in 1935. He was co-founder and President of the Iraqi Society for the Society for the Defense of Palestine which prepared Arabic broadcasts for the Berlin radio. This work brought Taha in close This work brought Taha in close touch with the German Embassy and the Nazi agent , Dr. Amin Rawaiha. The latter was interned in Rhodesia by the British, together with Jamal Husseini. Taha also was close to the Golden Square, a pro-Fascist group of army officers who were the chief backers of the Rashid Ali revolt. As Minister of Defense, Taha made every effort to prevent Iraq from breaking off relations with Nazi Germany if war broke out.
He put active pro-Nazis in key positions and played a very significant role in the interference in political affairs of Iraqi army officers.
Nazi views on Palestine had their roots in Hitler's pathological "fear" of 'International Jewry' [sic] in his mein kampf and his "belief" that the Zionists are not sincere and that the Jews do not really aim to establish a State in Palestine. Claiming: "They have no thought of building up a Jewish state in Palestine." He Only referenced to Palestine issue that once in his "book."[303] As Hitler, so did the other infamous, Alfred Rosenberg, as publicized by the Nazis from his Jan 15, 1938 speech.[304]
(And when some Zionists,[305][306][307] controversially, were involved in ad hoc Haavara[308] transfer to save Jews, whom Nazi Germany did not want to have at all,[309][194] Zionist Haavara saved some 80,000 Jewish lives from the hands of the Nazis.[310][311] Moreover, the Nazis saw emigrating Jews as a propaganda tool to be used against Jews.[312] Yet, by late 1937 an anti-Nazi German official involved in administering the agreement suggested that fear in Nazi circles that it might lead to a Jewish state, to which Hitler was implacably opposed, was leading to suggestions "it should be terminated."[309]Despite Nazis' distaste for the Arabs, their attitude toward Zionism was hateful and hostile. They claimed to be believing that only “Aryans” were entitled to and/or capable of political sovereignty.[313]
It ended in 1939 / outbreak of WW2. Later on, Eichmann became the appointee on Jews.
Thomas Williams (Tom Williams, Baron Williams of Barnburgh) in the House of Commons on May 22, 1939:[314]
The only persons that the Arabs need fear—the Arabs for whom I have any thought—are the Arab terrorists encouraged by the ex-Mufti, who have been responsible for killing about 3,000 of them during the last year or two. It is ridiculous to talk about the fear of Jewish domination, with Arabs States all around Palestine where not only could they come to the aid of their fellow Arabs, but where no body of Jews would dare to dispose of the safeguards that have been provided for them. This fear argument is a mere excuse. It is another victory for Hitler and Mussolini and those who think as they think, and those who have been guiding the terrorists activities during the past three years.
Massacres of Jews began systematically in 1941. And the Jan 29, 1942 Wannsee Conference on the "Final Solution" intensified the plan of total extermination.[315])
With Syria's Shukri al-Quwatli [6 May 1891 – 30 June 1967] and (Syrian born Saudi Arabian official) Sheikh Yusuf Yasin [Yousuf Yassin, 1888−19 April 1962]
German documents recalled in 1957:[316]Saudi Arabian King Saud's Secretary of State has been revealed by captured German archives to have been a leader of a pro-Nazi Arab collaboration committee. He is Sheikh Yusuf Yasin who this year obtained renewed agreement of Washington to the barring of American personnel of Jewish faith from the U. S. Air Force base at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.A search of previously secret German documents captured by the U. S. Army in Berlin reveals a memorandum on Arab collaboration with Hitler. It was submitted to the German Foreign Ministry on August 27, 1940, by Nazi Minister Fritz Grobba. The memorandum pertains to negotiations with Hitler's leading Arab supporter, the so-called Grand Mufti, Haj Amin el Husseini.
Not only does the document expose the membership of the present Saudi Arabian official on the Arab committee for pro-Nazi collaboration but it shows that the current President of Syria was also a member. He is Shukri Kuwatli.
DISCUSSED ARMS
According to the German records, the Grand Mufti, Sheikh Yusuf, Kuwatli, and others worked with the Nazis against the Allies.
They backed the pro-Hitler revolt of Rashid Ali al-Gailani in Iraq. A general uprising in Palestine was envisaged. Arrangements were discussed for provision of munitions through Axis channels for use against the British forces and Jewish inhabitants.
At the time, he represented Saudi Arabia on the pro-German Committee of Collaboration under the chairmanship of the Grand Mufti, Sheikh Yusuf was private secretary to the present King Saud's father. Today Sheikh Yusuf continues his interest in the Jewish problem by seeking to persuade Secretary of State Dulles to keep Israeli shipping out of the Gulf of Akaba. Although the world-wide Nazi movement was thought to have collapsed with the fall of Germany in 1945, Arabs organized by the Hitler apparatus are still striving to complete the Nazi blueprint against world Jewry. Syrian President Kuwatli is today collaborating with another totalitarianism—Communism.
The German records raise serious questions about the reliability of the Arabs as friends of the West An August 20, 1940 directive from the German Foreign Ministry to its ambassadors abroad reported that leading Arab personalities have in recent times repeatedly approached our foreign missions to advance collaboration and collusion. Berlin recommended that the Arabs be assured of "Germany's full sympathy in their people's fight for liberation." German propagandists were instructed to champion the "liberation of the Arab world from imperialism."
VITAL AREA
Today the Soviet Union is operating under almost precisely the same strategy in its campaign of collusion with Arab extremists The Soviet goal is the same as Hitler's.
Domination of the Middle East is seen by Khrushchev as strategically vital.
One top secret document revealed that in 1940 an agreement on Palestine was formulated. In it Germany and Italy recognize the right of the Arab countries to solve the question of the Jewish elements in Palestine and the other Arab countries in a manner that conforms to the national and ethnic interests of the Arabs, and to the solution of the Jewish question in the countries of Germany and Italy.
On August 6, 1940, Franz von Papen, German Ambassador in Turkey, cabled Berlin of his meeting with the Grand Mufti. The cable made known that the pro-Nazi Arab clique that included the present Saudi Arabian Secretary of State wished to cooperate with Hitler by organizing a revolt in Palestine.
Von Papen reported that an understanding was reached with Saudi Arabia on the removal of pro-British King Abdullah of Transjordan and the annexation of that territory to Palestine. The Grand Mufti wrote Hitler on June 21, 1940, that Arab Palestine which had been "fighting the democracies and international Jewry, is ready at any time to assume an active role."Historian:[317]
In Iraq, its rulers extended open aid to the Arabs of Israel [Palestine] by supporting the Germans.
In Jaffa, Nablus and Tulkarm there were many attending gatherings with Arab and Italian agents, who organized the young people to shout cheers: 'Viva Italia! Viva Duce! And Heil Hitler!’
In a proclamation distributed, signed by Hitler, they called on their audience to fight the English.
In Acre, courses for instructors were organized in military cells. An Arab was apprehended by the Jordan Guard on May 19, 1940, with a letter and a considerable sum of money in his hand intended to act as the commander of the Arab Revolt in the Near East, who was required to begin terrorist acts. Hitler was called by the conspiratorial name - Abu Ali. In Baghdad, Arab leaders gathered and discussed the question of disturbances against the Jews of Israel [Palestine], according to the instructions of German agents. In return, Germany promised the Arabs, the deportation of the Jews ... The Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, who moved to Syria, demanded immediate terrorist attacks. Subhi Zivan and his brother Rostor Zivan from Tira were appointed to manage the Arab gang operations in the Haifa district. Abu Ali, head of the Arab al-Wahab tribe, located between Rosh Pina and Yesod HaMaala, was given the role of managing the fifth column in Israel [Palestine].
Said Shakid, one of the gang leaders, returned to Israel. In a proclamation distributed in Ramallah he warned the British that he would fight alongside Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini (he was caught after a shootout in Beitunia). Most of the gang members who fled to Iraq, after the events of 1936-1939, returned to Syria to prepare for riots in Israel.
In May 1941, in neighboring Syria, Arabs talked of 'Mohammed Hitler.'[318]In May 1941, The NYT ran the following:[319]
HITLER'S JIHAD
Within five days after the fall of Athens, war has begun in a still older cradle of civilization. The first shots in this war were fired yesterday when Iraqi artillery in the historic valley of the Euphrates opened fire on a British air base. The government that took this action is a pro-Axis government which seized power less than a month ago by a coup d'etat.
News report of June 1, 1941: Nazis run guns to the Arabs in Palestine. In addition, Nazi war planes taking off from Iraq dropped leaflets inciting the Arabs for a 'holy war' against the British and the Jews. The intensive anti-Jewish propaganda campaign conducted by the Nazis is becoming increasingly effective among certain sections of the Arab population.[320]Arab author explains:[321]
At all, the speed of the German advance was in their view a kind of miracle, for example the pioneers of a cafe in Nazareth were listening to the news from Cairo radio, and during the short pause one of those present shouted that the broadcaster had gone to the window in the studio to see if Hitler had entered Cairo or not. This indicates the extent of fascination and admiration for Hitler and his armies. Ahmad Al-Shukairi mentions that the Arabs of Palestine were: "Their sympathies and calls were directed to the Axis, headed by Hitler leading them from victory to victory," in 1941.. Posters were hung on the walls of Hebron, anti-British and supportive of Hitler.
Islamist Ahmad al-Shukeiri's testimony on Palestine Arabs pro Hitler during WWII - "Our sympathies were with the Axis countries, headed by Hitler who leads them from victory to victory. With our sympathies, our prayers were for victory for Germany.."
Shukeiri's testimony on Palestine Arabs pro Hitler during WWII - part II - "We were living great dreams and great hopes in the early stages of World War II. Hitler was a legend of time. Armies and fortresses in Europe and North Africa collapsed before him."
June 1941, four Nazi Arabs visited the prototype for future death camps:[322]
In May, Himmler ordered the killing of 250 Jews in the camp as a test run. The system worked flawlessly. And so, in June 1941, four special Arab guests visited the prototype for future death camps. Their interest had a very practical purpose.
One day, they planned to create their own Station Z's in the Middle East near Tunis, Baghdad, and Jericho to eliminate all the Jews in the region. That goal had been set in a January 1941 letter that Amin al-Husaini, the Palestine Arab political and religious leader, sent German Chancellor Adolf Hitler. Al-Husaini asked Hitler to help Arabs solve the Jewish question in their lands the way it was being done in Germany. To succeed they must learn the Nazis' techniques and obtain their technology. This was why four officials from Germany's Arab allies were at Sachsenhausen in June 1942, preparing for the day they would return home behind Hitler's army.
We Arabs Supported Hitler during WWII because he hated the Jews, recalled in a 2019 interview, former Jordanian health minister Dr. Zaid Hamzeh: That he had supported Adolf Hitler during World War II like other Arabs, and that in fourth grade his school had participated in demonstrations and chanted "Long live Abu Ali." He was exactly nine years old. Saying: "We took to the streets to support him when the Rashid Ali Al-Gailani revolution broke out in Iraq. We supported the revolution, and, of course, [we supported] Hitler, because he hated the Jews, and we have been mad at the Jews ever since those days."[323][324]
Arab-Nazi pogrom: Farhud
Perpetrators: Futuwwa[325] organized Kata’ib al-Shabab, whose members 'imbibed Nazism from the Palestinians and the Syrians,'[326] mob, and some Arab soldiers and policemen.[327]
The Mufti's led instigation, Futuwah Arab Hitler-youth gang's agitation, prelude to the brutal Farhud (al-Farhoud) massacre in June-1941 Baghdad,[328][329] the particularly gruesome attack,[330][331][332] where as many as 1,000 Jews could have died.[333][330] Four days before the Farhud, the infamous [Younis] Yunus Bahri, recruited by Grobba, incited via his broadcast.[334]
It was: the emissaries of the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, and Grobba, the political attaché of Nazi Germany in Baghdad, who provoked incitement against Iraqi Jews.[335]Leading up to the pogrom:[336]
Iraqi and Palestinian nationalists increased their pro-Nazi activities, forming the quasi-military organization Al-Futuwwa and the nationalist Al-Muthanna Club that incited violence against Jews...Jewish teachers from Palestine were expelled. Palestinian leaders were given hospitality, support, and the freedom of political activity in Iraq. They included the Mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husayni, who had been expelled from Jerusalem by the British; Jamal al-Husayni, head of the Arab Party; Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, a Nazi supporter who studied in Germany;
Musa al-'Alami (1897–1984)...; and the Palestinian nationalist activist and poet Buhan al Din Al-Abbushi, who called for the people and the government of Iraq to expel or massacre the Iraq's Jews. The activities of these Palestinian nationalists and of Dr. Fritz Grobba, Germany's consul in Baghdad, led to the establishment of the pro-Nazi government headed by Rashid 'Aali al-Gilani in April, 1941.
Some 400 Mufti's linked Palestine-Arabs assisted in incitement and 4 days before the attack, Younus Bakhri viciously railed against the Jews.[337]
Standing out in contributing beforehand, were also two other Palestine Arabs agitators, teacher Darwish al-Miqdadi [درويش المقدادي] (1891-1961) and Nablus born Akram Zuaiter [أكرم زعيتر אכרם זועיתר] (1909-1996), the 'Farhud' pogrom was carried out with extraordinary brutality of throwing babies into the water in front of parents, mass rape in front of the men before torturing and murdering, etc. Yunis al-Sabawi played a major role in the Farhoud pogrom and planned an even greater massacre. Yunis A. Sabawi invited the head of the Jewish community in Baghdad to him and demanded that he tell the Jews not to leave their homes for the three days: Saturday, Sunday and Monday, which are the two days of Shavuot. That morning, Yunis sent a call to the masses through the broadcasting service, to carry out a massacre of the Jews; However, this call was delayed by the head of the security committee, who was able to ban Sabawi]and transport him across the border.[338]
About the Palestine Arab there Darwish Miqdadi.[339]
…Darwish Miqdadi, born in Tul-Karem. In 1929 he was expelled to Iraq after taking part in the disturbances of that year. After a spell he returned to Palestine and was re-arrested during the Arab Rebellion. When released, he fled once more to Iraq. In Iraq he did not abandon his nationalist activity; while working as a teacher and education inspector, he published his ideas. He participated in a delegation to Nazi Germany and collaborated with Rashid Ali. He was allowed to return to Palestine in October 1945, and in the summer of 1946 he succeeded Ahmad Shuaqyri as the Director of the Arab Office in Jerusalem.Author writes:[340]
[In the 1930s and 40s], resident Gestapo agents such as Fritz Grobba . . . employed such tactics as dispensing [large amounts] of cash among [Iraqi] politicians and deploying seductive German women among ranking members of the army. From 1933, Radio Berlin began broadcasting hate messages in Arabic, including fallacious reports about non-existent Jewish outrages in Palestine. Grobba cultivated many Iraqis as Nazi surrogates. Iraqi Arab Hitler-style youth marched in Nuremberg torch-light parades hosted by their Berlin counterparts. German was taught in Iraqi schools. When World War II broke out in 1939, Nazism became a fervent cause among many Iraqis. In May 1941, Iraqi fascists backed by popular support tried to overthrow the pro-Western monarchy and seize British oil fields in Iraq to facilitate the oil-dependent German [plan to invade] Russia. That failed. The Iraqi coup plotters in Baghdad decided to do the next best thing: exterminate its Jews in a single blow. Jews were ordered to stay in their homes, and their doors were marked with a red hamsa.
At the last minute, the extermination plot fell apart. But as the coup leaders fled, in that momentarily power vacuum on June 1-2, 1941, dejected swarms of soldiers, in concert with police, common criminals, and nondescript mobs rampaged through Baghdad hunting for Jews. They were easily found. Hundreds of Jews were cut down by sword and rifle, some decapitated. Babies were sliced in half and thrown into the Tigris. Girls were raped in front of their parents. Parents were mercilessly killed in front of their children. Hundreds of Jewish homes and businesses were looted, then burned. . . .
A secret Arab Nazi party was founded in Iraq by the Palestinian wartime Mufti.[341]There was a direct link between Nazi influences and the crimes of the Farhud and the influence by the Mufti's dominant figure in Iraq:[342]
For two days.. Jews were murdered by Arabs in severe riots. Thousands of Jews were beaten, women were raped and hundreds of children were orphaned by fathers who were murdered or disappeared on their way to police investigations. Homes and shops of 50,000 Jews were looted in the capital, Baghdad. The riots that took place in Iraq were called the Farhud - the robbery or looting in Hebrew. They were carried out against an anti-Semitic background encouraged by the pro-Nazi Iraqi regime... During the British Mandate in Iraq, the situation of the Jews was very good. They were businessmen and economists who were very successful personally and brought Iraq to economic prosperity. After the Arab uprising in Israel, the flourishing of Arab nationalism in Iraq and the rise of Nazism in Iraq, the status of the Jews began to deteriorate and they suffered harassment. The German ambassador to Iraq, Fritz Grobba, has been launching poisonous propaganda against Iraqi Jews since 1933. "He bought the local al-'Alam al-'Arabi ("The Arab World") newspaper, and through it began brainwashing the Jews, publishing Hitler's book Mein Kampf translated into Arabic," says Dr. Nissim Kazzaz, an Orientalist, historian and expert on Iraq in modern times. "Nazi propaganda penetrated various sections of the Iraqi population including educators and military personnel. He convinced the Iraqis that the Jews were driving the British regime and therefore should be killed. "A pro-Nazi was appointed on the recommendation of Ambassador Grobba."
In 1939, Haj Amin al-Husseini, who was in contact with Adolf Hitler, arrived in Iraq. He became a dominant figure in Iraq and managed to establish a secret society headed by him. The association included two former Iraqi prime ministers, a Mein Kampf translator, and senior pro-Nazi officers. This association revolutionized in April 1941, with German support and assistance. That same year a war broke out between the Iraqi army and the British army. Baghdad Radio reported victories at the front, the people took to the streets of Baghdad and shots were fired in the air as a sign of joy. The Iraqi broadcasting station turned to the Iraqis and made it clear to them that after the victory over the British, the internal enemy - that is, the Jews - would be next in line. Rashid Ali, an Iraqi leader backed by the Nazis and Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini, ruled the capital for two months, but the coup eventually failed. After the Iraqi army failed against the British army senior government officials fled Iraq. Yunis al-Sab'awi, translator of the book Mein Kampf declared himself governor and distributed 400 rifles to the youth organizations that obeyed his order. His intention was to massacre Jews, but his plan was thwarted by an internal security committee set up in Baghdad. However, his men took part in operations against the Jews in Farhud.
Hard evidence At the Farhud riots, Orientalist Dr. Kazzaz was an 11-year-old boy. The day the riots opened was also the last day he saw his father. The first thing they did was start attacking the Jews. They caught Jews in the streets and accused them of signaling to British planes where to shell. Jews were murdered or beaten in the streets, others were taken for police interrogation on false pretenses, some disappeared and did not return to their families and the others were released by the Jewish community by paying bribes to police officers. As the harassment escalated, my father ordered us to shut ourselves in the house like many Jews in Baghdad. For a month we were in houses and did not go out anywhere that was not necessary. "The announcement on official Iraqi radio that the fighting was over was a calming siren for the Jews, who left their homes and hurried to visit their relatives and get back to normal. My father sold silk and gold threads and also bought trained horses for competitions. And his brother to the horse stables that was in an Arab neighborhood. Towards dark we wanted to go home. We got on an eight-passenger minibus and started driving. After a few minutes we saw a crowd of people. The driver stopped and the crowd noticed us.
"My father's partner who was sitting in the front seat and was dressed in holiday clothes, was identified as a Jew and marked as a target. The mob attacked him, pulled him out of the vehicle and started beating him to death. My father who saw the situation got out of the car and apparently went to call for help. "He resumed the trip and Dad disappeared. We did not sit well with Dad because we were sure he found shelter. Charlatans who asked for money testified that they saw him in rural areas of Bedouin tribes demanding ransom for him. Others claimed to have seen him in northern Iraq and that also turned out to be false." [...]
For two days, Iraqis, who were full of Nazi hatred, beat Iraqi Jews. "We went back to fortifying the houses and heard the screams from the nearby houses. Families who tried to identify their dead loved ones were unsuccessful because their faces were mutilated. Some of the Jews were buried in a mass grave."Inspired by the ghettos in Europe during the Holocaust in 1941, fascist Rashid Ali set up a Nazi-like ghetto for over 600 Jews in the small city of Diwaniya: Forced labor, starvation and beatings.[343][329][344]
The hotbed of Nazi intrigue[345] pan-Arabism Al-Muthanna Club's Yunis al-Sabawi planned even a much larger slaughter of Jews but it was avoided due to him being deported.[346][347]
Needs to be mentioned: The Jews were an enduring presence in the Middle East and North Africa before the advent of Islam and Arabian conquests.[348]
In June 1941, (not long after the Farhud pogrom) Palestine born Jorge Sabaj Zurob of La Reforma [al-Islah], sends cables to Hitler and Moussolini, on behalf of the Arab institutions in Chile, authorized by various institutions of the Arab community and numerous compatriots.[349]
Interesting analysis at the time (1941):[350]Nazi Campaign on Russ Same as Jewish Attack
PHILADELPHIA (JPS)—The Nazi attack upon Russia was a scheme , aimed at dividing the Christian world, which had been planned as coolly by the Nazis as their earlier campaign in which Jews were the principal pawns, according to Demaree Bess, chief foreign correspondent of the Saturday Evening Post.
Mr. Bess, writing under the title of Hitler Bids for Christian Allies, expresses the view that Hitler’s drive against Russia was calculated to divide and bewilder Catholic countries in Europe, France, Spain, Portugal, Hungary, Italy, Ireland and Catholic communities in South America, Canada and the United States.
In the course of his article Mr. Bess said: It took outsiders a long time to discover all the objectives aimed at by the Nazi anti-Jewish movement. It wasn’t appreciated at first that Hitler was using the Jews, in part, to persuade the Moslem world that he was the defender of the Arabs against the Jews, to maneuver the British Empire into the appearance of championing the Jews against the Arabs.
And now in this latest psychological campaign Hitler plotted to use Red Russians as similar pawns. He assumed the post of defender of Christian Europe against Atheist Russia, seeking thus to paralyze opposition to his imperialist schemes in large sections of the Christian world by maneuvering the British Empire and the United States into the role of accomplices of Bolshevism."Free Arabia." Deutsch-Arabische Lehrabteilung' (DAL)
"The Nazis began recruiting Arabs to the Wehrmacht as early as the summer of 1941 when the starting point was the coup in Iraq, after the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem was exiled to Iraq from Beirut and tried to establish pro - Nazi rule with Iraq's former prime minister, Rashid al-Khilani," explains Dr. Stefan Patka, a doctoral student and researcher at the Berlin University of Technology, who discovered rare documentation showing North African Muslim soldiers trained during World War II. and fought in the service of the Wehrmacht.[351] "Palestinian" Arabs also served in the Mufti's "Free Arabia."[352][353]
1941 Operation Barbarossa & on
Operation Barbarossa marked the beginning of wholesale massacres on Jews. Einsatzgruppen squads began to carry out mass shootings during the last week of June 1941.[354]
Yad Vashem Prof.:[355]After the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 the SS Einsatzgruppen began the mass murders of the 1.5 million Jews in Lithuania, Russia, and the Ukraine.Hitler was obsessed against the Jews at least since 1920. He didn’t need any "help" from the Mufti in his annihilation plan which was ‘understood’ among his Nazi top hierarchy as the scheme already in 1939.[355]
On his arrival in Rome on October 11, the Mufti presented himself to his hosts, the Italian Military Intelligence, as the "head of the the secret organization, 'The Arab Nation,'" which, he claimed, had branches in every Arab country.
Two days later, on October 13, he presented a kind of working paper in which he detailed his plans and future ambitions. "The organization" that he led would be willing to cooperate with the Axis powers in their war against the common enemy, Britain, "on the sole condition that they recognize in principle the unity, independence and sovereignty of an Arab state of a Fascist nature, including Iraq, Syria, Palestine and Transjordan."
The Mufti's proposal was submitted to the Department for European and Mediterranean Affairs at the Foreign Ministry, which, on November 22, prepared a memorandum for the Prime Minister with the recommendation that the Mufti be given a positive response, that he be granted an initial sum of money and that he be escorted in his travels by a liaison officer.
Mussolini read the memorandum, agreed with its contents and, on the basis of his agreement in principle, a meeting was arranged between the two men.[356]
From Mussolini, the Mufti went on to Berlin, first meeting with Ribbentrop, then on November 28, with Hitler himself.
Mufti Husseini met Hitler[357] on 28 Nov, 1941 whereby the Nazi leader also made clear his extermination plan.[297][358]
In addition, Hitler told Mr. Husseini that the Afrika Corps and German troops deployed from the Caucasus region would liberate Arabs in the Middle East and that "Germany’s only objective there would be the destruction of the Jews."[359]In addition to meeting Hitler, the Mufti also secretly corresponded with Hitler.[360]
Full Mufti’s conversation with Hitler has been published.[361]
Weeks prior to the meeting, the NYT already reported that in Berlin: "Nazis receive 'Great Man' [sic] with 'warmth.'[362]Among documents detailing Husseini’s petitions and meeting with Hitler found in the mufti’s villa in Germany in 1945 was his diary, with his handwritten entry after meeting Hitler. And:[363]
in one of the French-language drafts, annotated in Arabic in the mufti’s handwriting, he urged inclusion of the following statement: "Germany and Italy recognize the illegality of the ‘Jewish Home in Palestine.’"They accord to Palestine and to other Arab countries the right to solve the problem of the Jewish elements in Palestine and other Arab countries, in accordance with the interest of the Arabs and, by the same method, that the question is now being settled in the Axis countries. “Under this agreement, no Jewish immigration into the Arab countries should be permitted.” 'Fighting The Jews Without Respite'
At that time, the extermination of the Jews was already in full swing in the conquered Soviet territories, so there is little doubt what the mufti meant by solving the Jewish problem "by the same methods" employed by the Axis...
This religious unholy Mufti was surrounded by various "Aryan" women. His greed infamous.[364]
Al-Husseini received a rifle from Hitler, with a swastika on it.[365]Ahmad Shukeiri and the Mufti's gang, who worked first with the Communists against the Allies, yet, since Russia joined the Allies in 1941, Shukairy and gang went to Hitler's side all the way, to help him in his programs against the Jews.[366][367]
Before the "Palestinian" Islamists propagandists tried to refute (by quoting from Shukeiri's book about it) his call to throw 'the Jews into the sea' - without washing away Shukeiri's Nazism, it quotes[368] the argument - well-known at the time:
Al-Shugairi is a former Nazi.. He cooperated with Haj Amin Al-Husseini, who is known for his links with Hitler.. He represents no one but the extremist Arab elements that want to throw the Jews into the sea.. "(Nevertheless, Shukeiri's genocidal 'assertion' ahead of the 1967 Six-Day War - that 'none of them wil survive,' is not disputed.[369][370] [371][372][373])
"Through his radio broadcasts and other work during World War II.. instilled Nazi images of the Jew,"[374] and called to kill the Jews wherever they are. He had at least six stations - Berlin, Zeissen, Bari, Rome, Tokyo and Athens.[375] During his "Holy War," he encouraged his followers to display the swastika on their posters and fliers, vehicles flying the swastika flag were ensured protection when driving through neighborhoods that the grand mufti's followers controlled, they taught children mobilized to back the revolt to give the stiff-armed Nazi salute in greeting.[376]A particularly vile broadcast was also recorded at the time, in Jan 1942, orchestrated by the Mufti. He evoked the 1840 Damascus blood libel, though it was debunked even at the time, but the Mufti claimed it as if some "fact." Adding, that those Arabs who are willing to work with the Jews are supposedly "descendants" of those (falsely) accused in that blood libel. And the verbatim: "Moslem converts who aim to enslave the Arab people."[261]
On Mar. 19, 1942, the Mufti spoke to the Arab world by Rome radio and said:[377]
If, God forbid, America and her allies are victorious in this war . . . then the world will become hell, God forbid. But Allah is too just and merciful to grant such murderous violators any victory."
Hitler presented confiscated Jewish villa in Berlin to the Ex-mufti "for the duration of the war," the Voelkischer Beobechter states. A number of Arabs residing in Germany have been assigned by the Nazi Ministry of Propaganda to act as staff members to the ex-Mufti in his pro-Nazi propaganda broadcasts over the German radio to Arab countries.[378]
The Mufti was paid "an absolute fortune" of 50,000 marks a month (when a German field marshal was making 25,000 marks a year).[359] He was promised that he would be installed as the leader of Palestine after German troops drove out the British and exterminated more than 350,000 Jews there.[359]
In Eretz-Israel Palestine:
Author (on the situation in Mandatory Palestine):[379] There was great sympathy among the Arabs for the 'Axis' powers... There was a lot of sympathetic listening to the radio broadcasts of the 'Axis' and in particular to the speeches of Hajj Amin al-Husseini and his assistants from among the Arab businessmen living in Germany... At the beginning of the war, there were also certain sabotage attempts, and according to the enemy's broadcasts, it was evident that the news service from the country for the espionage service and the propaganda of the 'Axis' were working correctly.
In 1942, around the 200 days of dread, the Arabs roamed the Jewish neighborhoods that year, dividing the houses of the Jews they were murderers into, and which of them would get their wives raped and then murdered in cold or hot blood.[380]May 7, 1942 letter from Manya Shochat (1880–1961) [Some 12 years after she and others founded the League for Arab-Jewish Friendship and some 19 years after she joined Brit Shalom, a Jewish group that advocated a bi-national state in Palestine.[381]] to Rose Gell Jacobs (1888-1975):[382]
...I consulted with all my Jewish friends who have been in contact with Arabs for many years, and with all my Arab friends. The rest of the letter summarizes what I have to say on the subject after I re-examined the situation after returning to Palestine.The vast majority of Arabs in Palestine and throughout the Middle East believe that Hitler will conquer the whole world. The current Arab leaders, who all support Hitler, believe he will win because they want him to win. The Arab masses also believe that Hitler is the most powerful force in the entire world, and therefore he is obliged to come out with the upper hand.
However, there are a number of Arab intellectuals, merchants, workers, and farmers who are not sure of Hitler's victory, and therefore try to imagine what the situation of Palestine and the Arabs would be in the event of a British victory. Under the existing conditions, it is not possible to reach an understanding with the Arab leaders before the defeat of Hitler...
The relations of Hitler and Haj Amin determined the trends on Arab Street. Worst of all were the news about what was happening on Arab Street who did not hide its admiration for Hitler and the Third Reich. Hitler was portrayed in the minds of the Arabs as the greatest friend of the Arab nation. They admired him for his hatred of the Jews and for the fact that he despised them and decided to exterminate them from the face of the earth. They "analyzed gloating the difficult situation of the empire, worshiped Haj Amin al-Husseini who lived a life of luxury and comfort in Germany surrounded by young German hostesses, receiving 10,000 marks every month from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and a similar amount from the S. S." Arab spy networks were operating in the Land of Israel with full vigor. And Rommel became a legend in the Arab street.[383]
In June 1942, after axis capture of Tobruk, Arabs rejoiced.[384] And:[385]Since it became known from the 'Axis' broadcasts about the capture of the fortress by the Germans, the Arab street "felt festive": the cafes were filled with guests; In the markets, in the bazaars and in front of the shops, Arabs congregate loudly discussing the meaning of the victory of the revered "Abu Ali".
In July 1942, the Mufti congratulates (on behalf of the Arab nation) Hitler, in a telegram, on victory in Africa, vows, they will to stay on his side against the "common enemy", to which Hitler replied with thanks.[386][387]
In 1942, several swastikas were found at the Jehoshaphat Cave in the Kidron Valley.[388]
1942, from research file:[389]
... [Walter] Schellenberg also reported on the influence of German radio propaganda: "The Arabs believe with all their heart that Germany will win. Although only a few listen to the German radio station on short waves, what is said on it - with oriental exaggerations and so many embellishments that the original text is unrecognizable - spreads quickly among the Arabs." Evidence of the fervor of the spirits in the summer of 1942 as part of the expectation of the Germans can be found in the report of the liaison officer who reported that, despite the dire military situation, parts of the British Ninth Brigade remained in the Land of Israel to protect the Jewish population from the attacks of the Arabs. It seems that these defense measures were indeed urgently needed at that time, since during the German advance thousands of Arab soldiers defected from the British army. No less than 8,000 Arabs, 7,000 of them from the Land of Israel, fled on their weapons until 1943 and went underground to join Rommel's army after his invasion of the region.
In a Dec 21, 1942 letter, representatives of the Reich and the NSDAP in Palestine described the Arabs' hope for a great Arab state:[390][104]
Arabs in Palestine were waiting for Hitler to come to Palestine and expel all the Jews. They hoped for a German intervention to solve their conflict with consideration of their needs. Rommel was their legendary hero. Many Arabs truly believed in the Germans' victory. Some of them even listened to the short-wave German broadcast, the Kurzwellensender.
"Allah in heaven; on earth, Hitler!" - was WWII-era Arabic saying.[375]
From the chapter 'Hitler's (Palestinian) Arabs':[167]
Hitler's (Palestinian) Arabs... Haj Amin el-Husseini, the universally recognized leader ("Grand Mufti," as he called himself) of Palestinian Arabs and, in the eyes of of Hitler, who called him "the Moslem Pope," of the whole Muslim world, was negotiating amiably with the Nazi leadership.
He offered, with typical bravado, to destroy the 30,000—40,000 British soldiers stationed in Palestine. In return, he wanted Hitler's commitment to "solve" the problem of Jewish minorities in all Arab countries by applying the same racial ideology and methods being used to "solve" the problem in the territories controlled by the Nazis...
Arab Legion(The Deutsch-Arabische Lehrabteilung [German Arab Training Detachment], in Arabic was referred to as al-Mafraza al-'arabiya sl-Hurra.[391])
Arab soldiers in Palestinian units were integrated into the Axis forces (Deutsch - Arabische Lehrabteilung) and a Nazi Arab legion.[392]
The Nazi DAL - German Arab Legion, had: Syrians, Palestinian, Iraqis and North African Arabs.[393]
Author, scholar:[394]
As noted already, the Mufti had first raised the idea of mobilizing an Arab legion at his meeting with Mussolini and Ciano in Rome, in October 1941. Hitler agreed to the idea in December. In fact, the nucleus of an Arab military unit already existed prior to the Mufti's arrival in Berlin. It comprised Arab students resident in Germany who had volunteered for service in the Wehrmacht at the time of the Iraqi rebellion in May 1941...
The DAL attracted not only Arab students already in Europe but Arab prisoners-of-war – mainly Palestinians, from the battles of Greece and Crete – as well as refugees from Iraq and Syria. One prominent recruit was Fawzi el-Kaukji, a Syrian-born Arab who in 1936 had commanded a 200-man guerilla band against the British in Palestine. Kaukji had risen to the rank of major in the Iraqi army but he spent most of the war in Berlin, where he married a German woman and enjoyed a life of indolent luxury.At Concentration Camp/s
The image[395]
”Palestinian" pan-Arab pan-Islamic leader, Grand Mufti, ‘touring’ concentration camp[395] in 1943displayed Grand Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini, Iraq's former prime minister Ali al-Kailani, Mile Budak from Croatia and India's leader Subhas Chandra Bose, with officials in Germany's Trebbin camp, some 30km south of Berlin.
In his book, on one hand, the Mufti lied about facts, such as denying his knowledge about the Holocaust at it happened as well as in his 1961 ‘press conference,’[396] or/and visiting concentration camps as photos showed him wrong,[297] or his statements in his book he quoted as "facts" what Himmler told him. Yet, he couldn’t hide his hatred, writing, “Hitler hated the Jews ... Hitler is now avenging this accursed [sic] race …”[27] And his resounding statement:[397][398][396] "The answer I got [from Hitler] was: 'The Jews are yours!'"
It was:[399]
Upon request, the Reich Central Office for Security hosted members of the entourage of al-Husayni and al-Kailani for an elaborate, but insubstantial tour of the Oranienburg concentration camp in early July 1942. The commandant lectured the Arabs on the "educational" value of the camp experience for the prisoners; the visitors inspected household appliances and equipment made by the prisoners. While there, the Arabs expressed interest in Jewish prisoners.
In addition (to the 2017 publicized[400] photos of showing the Mufti and others at the Trebbin concentration camp), the Mufti also visited Monowitz, also known as Auschwitz III.[401][402][101][403]
Page 126 of al-Husaini 1999 Damascus memoirs reveals Himmler’s remarks of having up to now liquidated about three million Jews
In 1943, Himmler told the Mufti, they have murdered 3 million Jews.[404][405] Author:[406]The Mufti met Himmler on July 4, 1943 at his field quarters. They spent a day with SS men, all known Jew-hunters. Two years prior, the local Jews had been killed by SS-commandos. Hitler tasked Himmler to steer the shooting of Jewish civilians "as partisans" in occupied Eastern Europe and to round others up for labor and death camps. Al-Husaini praised his meeting with Himmler thereafter as a solid base of mutual trust.
On that summer day, Himmler told the Mufti of having so far killed three million Jews. He confided to him other top secrets. The German nuclear research advanced: In three years, Berlin will have an atomic weapon that would secure the "final victory." The same word on a "final victory" was in Himmler’s cable modified by "certain," perhaps betraying some uncertainty.Of course, in 1945, the total fatalities via different method were summed at: 6 Million victims, as also Eichmann stated.[407]
In 1943, SS Chief Heinrich Himmler sent warm wishes to Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini. It includes a promise by Heinrich Himmler – one of the architects of the “final solution” – that “Nazi Germany will stand by the Arab people in Palestine in their struggle against the ‘miserable’ Balfour Declaration. Another document that attests to a connection between Nazi Germany and Mufti Hajj Amin al-Husseini.[408][409][410]
The telegram is said to have been sent on 2 November, 1943.[411][412][413] Historian on the rediscovery of the original telegram:[414]It confirms that there was a partnership between Nazi-Germany, the Arabs of Palestine and the Arab World. This alliance was based on their mutual support for the destruction of “world Jewry,” which both sides openly declared to be a shared interest and the basis of their friendship. The purpose of this telegram was to reaffirm publicly the existence of this partnership and the transaction it represented.
Written in 1942:
[415]Out of a population of a Million and a half, over five hundred thousands are Jews, chiefly of European origin and wholeheartedly dedicated to the democratic cause. The notorious Mufti Haj Amin el-Husseini, was in exile and the power of his terrorists followers had been broken. Arch conspirator, now an honorary member of the Nazi party, still has his network of agents and associates -- a dangerous Fifth Column -- who eagerly await his messages from abroad and secretly hope and work for "the day" when they may join hands openly with the Axis powers and be reunited with their own fuehrer-in-exile.Palestinian-Arab scholar Edward Said, has conceded that Husseini "represented the Palestinian Arab national consensus." He had "the backing of political parties that functioned in Palestine," and was "recognised in some form by Arab governments as the voice of the Palestinian people."[416][417][53][418]
Despite the Mufti's destructive help and causing thousands of deaths, the Nazi-Arab units per se failed because of Nazi racism and its treatment of Arabs.[43]
Aforementioned Mufti’s then[419][420] henchman Ahmad Shukeiri [Al-Shukairy, Shukairy, shuqayri] helped Hitler,[366] (who even rationalized the Holocaust in 1946;[421] had for some time a friendship with former Wehrmacht guy Hans Rechenberg;[422] had spread vile Nazi type of propaganda at the UN[423] and had promoted neo-Nazi stormtroop gang,[424][425][426][427][428] who guarded monsters: Adolf Eichmann, 'Dr. Death' - J. Mengele,[429] he promoted them after the world was shocked to hear these Nazis tortured, carved on a Jewish girl swastika as revenge for killing Eichmann), as well as other Arab icons[147] including: Nimr el-Hattab, Amin el-Khouri, Subhi el-Hadra,[430] Rasem Khalidi,[431] Emil Ghouri, Wasef Kamal,[432][433] helped Hitler at least from 1941 on.Exiled initially by the Brits, Arab Palestinians from the mufti's camp, who were working actively for the Germans against the British -- asides from Jamal Husseini his principle aide[131] (continuing to act under his direction in 1946[434][435]) -- included: Akram Zuaiter,[436] Fawzi al-Qawuqji,[164][437] Amin Tamimi,[438][415][439] Mu'in al-Madi, 'Abd al-Qader al-Husseini,[440][441] Al-Aboushi [العبوشي], the poet, wrote 'religiously' against selling land to Jews, admired Hitler,[442] and escaped with the Mufti to Iraq and participated in Rashid Ali al-Gaylani 1941 pro Nazi coup,[443] Hassan Abou Seoud [حسن أبو السعود] Mufti of Shafi and aide to Haj Amin el Husseini,[444] a leader in the 1939 Arab revolt and the 1941 Iraqi uprising and spent the war in Berlin,[445] [Younis] Yunus Bahri (Arabic Voice of Hitler),[446][58][447] known for his virulent anti-Semitism, Bahri stated proudly in a memoir he wrote after the war, "I was the first Arab to collaborate with the Nazis."[334]
Author recalls:[448]
By the mid-1990s, the only survivor of the hothouse world of Arab wartime Berlin society still alive was eighty-seven-year-old Wassef Kamal, who had been a supporter of Haj Amin in Baghdad and had made his own way to Nazi Germany via Vichy Syria, Turkey and Bulgaria in 1941: "Most of the Palestinians and Arabs in Germany gathered round Haj Amin and Rashid al-Gaylani, who had also reached Berlin," he recalled for me in 1994..."Arabs from other areas assisting the Mufti Nazi campaign, asides from Iraqis, include: - Tunisian born Hussein Triki.[449][450]
- Moroccan al-Hilali used to review speeches and proofread them linguistically.[451] In 1942, the Mufti sent him to Morocco to organize covert operations.[452]
In 1942, many Arabs in Palestine reacted with 'open joy' upon hearing Jews' fate in Europe.[453]
CIA Report Aug 1942:[454][455]majority of the Arabs in Palestine Palestinian Arabs are fiercely 'anti-Jewish'… the radicals, who form a majority, see in the approach of Rommel an ideal opportunity to murder all Jews their seize their property.
Professor, historian:[287]Shuqayri was expressing the attitudes and feelings of his countrymen... He describes the great excitement with which they used to listen to German and Italian broadcasts, how he would follow during the night the military communiqués, marking on a map the places being occupied by the victorious Germans and meet his friends the following morning to discuss triumphs exceeding those of the previous day: Our sympathies were with the Axis powers being led by Hitler from victory to victory, and with our sympathies went our prayers for the victory of Germany and her allies, and defeat for Britain... When the British government announced the formation of a Palestine force to help the war effort, our young men received the directive: do not join the Palestine force, and the response was quasi-unanimous.
The Mufti had an entire group of "Palestinian" Arabs working for the Nazis. A number of Arab doctors, who were members of a Palestinian and Syrian nationalists group, even served in the Nazi army, at least one of them in an extermination camp.[456]
After the end of the war in Europe, there was still a sizable amount of Palestine Arabs in Berlin, which is why, "several Arab personalities and organizations have contacted Allied authorities for information concerning Palestine Arabs in Berlin." Calling them as the now "vanquished," meaning, they were on the side of the Nazis. (Reported days after the war, in May 1945).[457]
On November 2, 1942 , in a broadcast from Berlin, the Mufti praised the Germans for "knowing how to get rid of the Jews and eventually solving the Jewish problem."[458]
Famed historian J. Herf in 2022:[459]
With the benefit of access to previously closed archives, the scholarship of the past three decades has confirmed the arguments of Zionists and liberals in the late 1940s. Haj Amin el-Husseini’s collaboration with the Nazi regime and its anti-Jewish policies was deep and consequential. Though Husseini was not a key decision-maker during the Holocaust, he was an enthusiastic collaborator, shared Nazi hatreds, did what he could to prevent Jewish emigration from Europe to Palestine during the Holocaust, and fanned the flames of Jew-hatred both in Europe and on the radio in the Middle East. Recent scholarship has also confirmed that the ideas which emerged in the fusion of Nazism and Islamism in the Nazi years persisted in elements of Arab and Palestinian nationalism and in the core of the Islamist movements after 1945.
Not necessarily related to the Mufti, some 60 Arabs from Palestine stayed during the war. One of the Nashashibi family, who studied medicine in Vienna, served as a doctor in death camps. Mostly in Mauthausen and no doubt murdered hundreds of people. Another Arab young man from Jaffa, who also studied medicine in Austria, was engaged in "medical experiments" in a labor camp for Jewish women in Silesia.[460]
(Arab or Arabs serving in Nazi extermination camp in Europe is apart from nazi camps in Arab lands,[461] where THE torturers of Jews were Arab, [462] or the special cruelty of an Arab gang torturers and killers under a fascist policeman in Vichy France[463]).
Among the many various Arab pro-Nazi, fascist groups - listed after the war:[464][465][466][467]-The Iron Shirts (led by Fakhri al-Barudi of the National Bloc). -The League for National Action (headed by Abdu al-Huda al-Yab, Dr. Zaki al-Jabi and others). -The An-Nadi al-Arabi Club of Damascus (headed by Dr. Said Abd Al-Fattah al-Imam). -The Councils for the Defense of Arab Palestine (head by well known pro-Nazi leaders, such as Nabi al-Azmah, Adil Arslan and others) -The Syrian People's Party. -The Istiqlal. -The Muthanna Club. -Moslem Guidance Society. -The Palestine Defense Society. -The Tajaddad Club. -The Arab Rover Society. -Arab High Committee (Haj Amin el Husseini’s). -Najjada [Najjadah] in Lebanon (pan-Islamic, pan-Arab). -The Futuwwah in Iraq (Hitler-youth type). -The Blue Shirts and Green Shirts in Egypt. -League of National Action. -The Lion Cubs of Arabism. -The Syrian Social Nationalist Party (led by Antun Sa’ada with Nazi imitated symbols and hymm of ‘Syria, Syria Uber alles). -The Arab Club. -The Steel Shirts. -The early Ba’ath movement. -The White Shirts (in Lebanon).
Mufti - preventing children escaping the HolocaustHistorian:[471]
The far reaching destruction by the Mufti includes: interference against thousands of Jewish children who were about to escape deaths.[468][469] He had intervened several times to prevent the emigration of Jewish children, especially from Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary, countries that were under German influence.[470]The Mufti only ever criticized Nazi policy when he feared that Jews might escape the Holocaust. He was on friendly terms with Heinrich Himmler, whom he admired. Their friendship was, however, strained when in 1943 Himmler wanted (as a propaganda stunt and in return for the release of 20,000 German prisoners) to permit 5,000 Jewish children to emigrate - and therefore survive. The Mufti , who , according to a German government official, "would prefer all of them (the Jews) to be killed," fought tirelessly against this plan with success! The children were dispatched to the gas chambers. The mufti showed special interest in reacting to decisions by the governments of Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary to allow some thousands of Jewish children accompanied by responsible adults to leave for Palestine. It would be “appropriate and more expedient” he wrote promptly to the Bulgarian Foreign Minister, “to prevent the Jews from emigrating from your country and send them somewhere where they will be under strict control, for example to Poland." Another success! Already issued emigration permits were withdrawn and the salvation of the Jewish children prevented.There is no doubt that the Mufti, with his close contact with highest ranking Nazis, knew exactly what awaited the children.[472] That was certain even prior to the 2017 well publicized photos of Mufti touring concentration camp.
Intervening against rescuing Hungarian Jews
June 28, 1943: the Mufti asks Hungary to send Jews to Poland.[473]
July 25, 1944: Hungary promises to end Jewish problem.[474]
July 25, 1944: The Mufti Communicates Anger to Ribbentrop for the Germans' release of Egyptian Jews.[475]
Inciting Arab immigrants to the U.S. to sabotage the American war effor in America
On March 19, 1943, on the traditional date for celebrating Mohammed's birthday, the Mufti broadcast over the Rome wireless, not only that Jews had continuing designs on the Al Aqsa Mosque, but that Arab immigrants to the U.S. should try to sabotage the American war effort.[476] Excerpts:[477]The Arabs and Moslems will not be deceived by Britain once again because not only have they known its true intentions but they have also known those of Britain’s allies—America—and I want to draw the attention of the Arab emigrants in America to this fact, reminding them of their glorious past when they supported the National movement. I would also like to remind them that their efforts will be wasted if, God forbid[sic], America and her Allies may be victorious in this War because at such a time the Arabs will never rise again. I therefore know that those Arab emigrants in America will refrain from helping Roosevelt or taking part in a war which he brought on to his country.
If those Allies win this war the Jewish influence will be the arbiter in the world resources and one can thus imagine the future of the Arabs and Moslems, and the dangers which they are exposed to in their fatherlands and beliefs if the Jews and their Allies dominate them and spread the latent hatred on to them.
Then the world will become Hell—God forbid:
But Allah is too just and merciful to grant such murderous violators any victory. We are sure that victory will be ours and that of our friends. We have not the slightest doubt about that, we shall not slacken our struggle nor will we be deterred or quietened. Do not be deceived by the allegations of your enemies, because you know full well about their intrigues, and be sure that the nation which fights, sacrifices and awaits will be the victorious one in the end.
The Mufti is also responsible for thousands of deaths through his linked Muslim SS troops, (where Imams played a major role in morale of the soldiers),[478] the Handschar. He organized the killing of 12,600 Bosnian Jews by Muslims whom he recruited.[188] The organizing of Muslim SS-units in the Balkan, was also helped by Fawzi Kaukji and Wasef Kamal.[479] Condition for formation of Islamic units at Waffen-SS were placed in Feb 1943 and the Mufti flew to Croatia and Bosnia on an official visit late Mar 1943.[480]
Author:[481]
The dead Muslim SS were marked as "shehids" ("shahids" - Muslim so-called "martyrs").[481]Muslim leaders were initially quite sceptical about the Ustasa until the intervention of the grand mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin el-Husseini, who persuaded many of them to support the Third Reich.
At a November 1943 rally in Berlin, the Mufti Husseini said admiringly: "The Germans know how to get rid of the Jews."[482][483]
For months, the Mufti had repeatedly urged the Nazis to bomb Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Between Nov 2, 1943 and April 1, 1944.[484][485][486]
Worth mentioning Mufti's failed plan of establishing crematoria in the Dothan Valley.[487][364][488][489][490][491]Dec 1943, the Mufti brags that he was assured by Ribbentrop that Palestine Will be "Judenrein."[492]
BERNE (JPS) . —The Nazis have assured their Arab pet-Quislings that they will continue to support their struggle for independence and will make Palestine Judenrein, according to a broadcast heard here. This assurance was given in a message by Juoachim Von Ribbentrop, German Foreign Minister, to a celebration in Berlin of the Moslem holiday... The celebration was addressed by the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin el Husseini.
And there was his Operation Atlas in 1944, where according to some versions it included a plan to poison a quarter of a Million Jews in Tel Aviv - failed.[27] Captured,[399] the commandos claimed under interrogation that al-Husayni had briefed each one of them personally before departure, had compared Islam with National Socialism, and had promised them that the Arab struggle in Palestine would help Nazi Germany.
Around 1942, there was a secret Nazi squad, headed by a kind of German "Lawrence of Arabia." The entire formation battalion contained Arabs across the Jordan, Syria and Palestine [Israel] - all of whom had lived in Germany for a long time. The squad had to follow in the footsteps of von Kleist's army to the Caucasus Mountains and after the defeat of the Russians would move to Persia as a political and military nucleus of the attack against the British. (Source doesn't name the Mufti being connected to this particular squad).[493]
In Feb 1944, in the village of Sarafand (Arabic: الصرفند), an Arab named Suleiman Abdullah was shot dead for espionage. He was arrested a month earlier while handing over plans to one of the enemy agents.[494]
Nazis' planned 'extermination of the Jews in Palestine,'[358] stopped with El Alamein defeat, relied on help that they awaited from many local Arabs ready to serve as willing accomplices of the Germans in the Middle East.[495]Nor was the Mufti really "for" his people, and his anti-black racism is less known. As per facts:[496]
Indeed, el-Husseini was so enamored of Hitler and his program for the "Final Solution" that he was, on occasion, willing to sacrifice the cause of Arab independence in order to keep the Arabs loyal to the Nazis. At the same time (1943-44) that he was calling for North African Arab soldiers to defect from the Allied armies, he obscured the fact that the Allies openly had guaranteed future Arab independence, while the Germans kept silent on the matter. Instead, he kept telling his fellow Arabs that the Allies planned to turn North Africa into "a second Jewish Homeland" to which they would bring not only the remainder of European Jewry, but also "some of the Jews and Negroes from America."
Mufti influence & Mohamed El-Maadi (El Madi) in Algeria
Mohammed El Maadi, the head of the fascist leaning La Cagoule for French Algeria, began the anti-Semitic newspaper Er Rachid.[497]One of the main instigators of the Aug 1934 Constantine Pogrom -- scene of utter desolation and horror, of Jewish girls with their breasts cut off, of little children with numerous knife wounds and of whole families locked in their homes and burned to death,[498] men, women and children, butchered and tortured to death, in horrible fashion,[499] -- per author J. Cole was: Mohamed El Maadi (1902-1954), who became an enthusiastic supporter of fascistic France’s Vichy regime in World War II, and finished his career in the Nazi SS.[500] Though one should add the wider context of pan-Islamic and pan-Arab nationalism.[501]
El-Maadi organised the North-African Brigade, nicknamed SS-Mohammed.[502]
From Jews in Arab Countries: The Great Uprooting:[503]Despite some discordant notes, the first German detachments sent to Tunisia following the Allied landings were greeted with enthusiasm, and the convoys of British prisoners were jeered.
A press favorable to Germany deliberately created a stream of false news reports in order to throw fuel on the fire. The press depicted the “slavery” of the Muslim population, and the iniquity of “the Jews.” Er-Rachid reproduces a call by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem in favor of Lebanese independence: “Why has North Africa not been liberated from the cruel oppression of the British, Americans, Gaullists and the Jews?”In July 1944, a month after the D-Day invasion, the brigade was dissolved, and El Maadi fled east to Berlin, where he became a part of the .. circle around .. Hajj Amin al-Husayni, the former mufti of Jerusalem... By that time, the French state that Mohamed El Maadi served had deported 75,721 Jews to concentration camps...[504][505]
July 1944
The Nazi-German government convened two conferences that dealt with so-called "solutions" to what they chose to term the "Jewish question."[506]The second international anti-Semitic conference was held in Krakow in July 1944, and was organized by Alfred Rosenberg. The participants included many in the hierarchy of the Third Reich, among them Heinrich Himmler, Joseph Goebbels, Hans Frank, Martin Bormann, and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. Also attending the conference was the exiled pro-Nazi Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husseini.The Mufti was one of the organizers.[507] Ribbentrop, had been one of the initial organizers and was to be appointed honorary member of the International Anti-Jewish Congress.[508]
The Mufti's knowledge in real time ? of the 6 Million Jews exterminated - notedBefore WW2, the Germans published record on world Jewish population to be of 17 Million. Such as Nazi German book in 1938,[509] and Nazi Germany's book in 1939.[510]
By September 1944 -- after 6 Million were exterminated by the German Nazis and their European helpers -- the Mufti, incited the Arab world against the remaining 11 million.[511][512][513][514][515][516]
The 7,000-8,000 moderates, the Mufti had eliminated
Explained:[517]He was fascist in nature and feudal in his social composition. He never cared about the broad strata of the people not being represented in the leadership and became the franchise of the rich and aggressive.
Arab nationalism in Palestine was for the Arabs what Hitler was for the German people. While Nazism destroyed the socialists, liberals, communists, democrats, who had an independent opinion within his Reich, Haj Amin al-Husseini waged a brutal campaign of extermination against any opposition among his people.
Since he was unable to set up ... where his opponents would be tortured, he simply ordered their elimination. During the three years of the uprising under his leadership, between 7,000 and 8,000 Palestinian Arabs were killed by his mercenaries: party leaders, clerics, police and officers, teachers, journalists, mayors and city councilors, intelligence chiefs, and muhtar of villages. Many were exterminated along with their families. Arab nationalism "borrowed" from the dictatorial regimes the most horrific method of taking over the psyche of the people: terrorism.Safe to conclude the Mufti's victims’ stand, had their lives been spared.
Asides from the moderate clan - the Nashashibi,[440][441] Gilbert MacKereth, threatened by the Mufti's gang,[518], citing the murder (within a three-month period) of seven Palestinian village chiefs who had dared express moderate attitudes towards possible co- existence with the Jews,[519] there were even Arabs like Young (29) Acre Dr. Anwar Shukeiri, murdered by Mufti's gang on May 8, 1939,[520][521][522] with help of his own brother Ahmad Shukeiri, for being, according to the gangs, not only Nashashibi but also a friend of the Jews.[419]
Recalled in 1946:[523] Fortified by money from Hitler and from Mussolini, the Arabs, led by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, started a campaign of violence against the Jews. It is interesting to notice that during this campaign Arab terrorists murdered more of their own people who refused co-operation than they did of the Jews.Gilbert Ashcar – fallacy
The sugar coating of the oldest bigotry - antisemitism, agenda-driven "author," Gilbert Achcar in his writing: hiding, distorting the awful true Goliath Arab nazism.[524] Just another bogus scholar (who lied about B. Gurion too, such as with an out of context "quote").[525]
Authors have put it: The Arab Palestinians supporters of Hamas are 'damned to play the role of the oppressed for whom intellectuals such as Gilbert Achcar tirelessly seek excuses.'
Muslims' antisemitism and holocaust denial: Muslim, as oppose to others, are expected to uphold "appalling views", which some have defined as racism.[526]
Professors conclude:[527] "This is a book in which an author from the political left seeks to protect the dogmas of Western anti-Zionism from the reality of Arab anti-Semitism."
In his book: He sugar-coates the sheer Jew-hater ex-Mufti with a blanket "anti immigration to Palestine" theme, and the calls to the Muslim world during the war to "kill the Jews," "wherever you find them" was about "immigration" or the Mufti's own account in his memoires reiterating debunked blood libels, for example?
In page 44 he quotes from O.A. Najjar about Filastin paper. But those quotes are really mainly an anti Zionist argumentative reply. Not a word regarding the overwhelming support and wide enthusiasm for Hitler, in and of itself.
In fact, historian Haggai Erlich ["The Middle East Between the Two Wars," Volume 2; Volume 5, Open University of Israel, 2002, p.81]: 'Even the newspaper Filastin ("Palestine"), which criticized Mussolini, supported Hitler, as did almost all other newspapers.'
The sheer public display of saluting Hitler in Arab Palestine (including 1934 and 1937) speaks volume. Or Ahmad Shukeiri's testimony in his book of him and his surrounding praying for Hitler's victory 1940. (Before he joined to fight for Hitler as reported in US Congress 1961). Or the poll in 1941 where some 80% of Arab Palestine supported the Nazi victory.[524]
Reviewing Achcar's book, as A Remorseless Apology, historian decries, how Achcar bends over backward when explaining the conduct of Hitler's Mufti as well as another present-day Islamist, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.[528]
Noted historian:[529]
Achcar takes aim at the scholars... who have written major works on Nazi policy toward the Middle East in World War II and on the Arab response to those policies. He criticizes these historians of Nazi-Arab collaboration for contributing to a “hegemonic narrative” according to which a majority of Arabs are portrayed by these authors of “anti-Arab propaganda” as having supported Nazism in the 1930s. For anyone who has read the works that he is referring to, The Arabs and the Holocaust is a frustrating book to read. Achcar criticizes texts without fairly presenting their arguments and their evidence. From reading Achcar, the reader would be unaware that in fact none of these scholars engages in generalizations about all Arabs. None of them assumes that opposition to Zionism was, in and of itself, tantamount to sympathy for Nazism, or that it was only the product of anti-Semitism. And much of what they discovered and examined forms the empirical foundation for Achcar’s own study...
The Arabs and the Holocaust has elements of candor and courage. It is a salutary development that someone with Achcar’s political views acknowledges the realities of the Nazi-Islamist wartime collaboration. It is important to be reminded of the history of a secular Arab leftism and liberalism that opposed fascism, Nazism, as well as Zionism. Achcar undermines these virtues of his book with superficial, unfair, and unreliable readings of those with whom he disagrees, above all those who fought fascism and Nazism on the basis of secular, liberal, and even leftist values yet still support Zionism. His attack on these scholars is neither a contribution to scholarship nor a contribution to moderation.Professor in left-wing intellectual magazine criticizes heavily Achcar's treatment of Arab anti-Semitism, his attempts to rationalize, the excuse of ignorance, his ignoring such sweeping factors in Arab Palestine such as the poll of over 80% supporting Germany.[530]
[Once in a while, Falastin, for practical and appeasing the Brits, especially in face of threats of censoring it, it proclaimed a supposed "pro Allied" piece (as in June 1934) stating that Arabs were anti Zionists before Nazism, diminishes not the factor: the paper’s overall underline, Hitler glorification. Just over a year prior to this weak reply, Falastin wrote (May/1933): "Noble Hitler," justifying his persecution of the Jews. It also dragged into its piece, the favorite Nazi tool, the fake "Protocols." Well, of course Hitler admiration derived from anti-Jewish bigotry. That is the entire point. Despite Arab-anti-Semitism-apologist Achcar's pathetically celebratory quoting this "reply" to criticism, by Falastin, which proves nothing, as its main "exhibit" - knows fully well he can not wash Falastin's Nazism away. Though, Istiqlal's al-Difa'a was worse and more openly so].
Achcar also attempts to whitewash al-Qawuqji,[531] who baited Jews months after Nuremberg Laws.[160]Not surprising, agenda driven Gilbert Achcar, who runs the Center for Palestine “Studies” at SOAS, he bullied out a British academic from their meetings, the academic was also smeared and banned from filming what really is going on at those lectures - brainwashing students, since he was first present at the infamous Abdel Bari Atwan (who declared in June, 2007, "If Iranian missiles hit Israel, I will dance in Trafalgar Square"), lectured there in May 2012.[532]
"Arabs bear no responsibility for Holocaust [sic]" the attempted-rewriter has been brainwashing students. While of course, the Arabs had a significant enough role in the Holocaust which makes Gilbert Achcar an Arab-role-in-the-Holocaust-denier.[533]In a BBC 2 documentary hosted by comedian David Baddiel in Jan. 2021, Gilbert Achcar overtly excused the presence of Holocaust denial among "Palestinians."[534]
Conclusion on sweeping pro Nazism in Arab Palestine
Noted:
- Author - (on el-Carmel stating in 1932 its fascists' inspiration and) “All parties were dragged along by the extremists of the Istiqlal, whose newspaper al-Difa'a became a Nazi propaganda pamphlet.”[98]
- Kamel Mrowa ([كامل مروّه] Kaamel Mruwweh, Kamil Muruwa), as the editor of the Beirut paper An-Nida, wrote to Von Ribbentrop the German foreign minister in Berlin: "The whole Arab youth is enthused by Adolf Hitler." (1933).[94] (In neighboring Levant - a blanket statement about Arabs in the area).
- The Templars' Die Warte des Tempels wrote March 15, 1935, that many Arabs saw Hitler as the most important man of the 20th century and almost every Arab knew his name. Fascism and National Socialism with its anti-Jewish attitude were accepted positively by many Arabs.
- Nuremberg effect in rousing Arabs of Palestine: The great momentum of Nazi propaganda in the Middle East occurred in September 1935. When the "Nuremberg Laws" against the Jews were discovered and published, Hitler received greetings from all Arab countries and Islam. The largest number came from Palestine, where Nazi propaganda was strongest.[149]
- 1936-8: "Nazi flags and pictures of Hitler were prominently displayed in store windows. Booklets explaining Nazi methods of forcing Jews from the Reich were distributed freely...
The shout of 'Heil Hitler' became a catchword which rang insolently over all Palestine."[124]
- NYT May 1937, how 'All' of Palestine celebrated Muhamnad's birthday with flying Nazi swastika and pictures of Hitler.[176]
- Arabs' newspapers, urging the pupils to disobey Government Education Department issued orders prohibiting Arab pupils to participate in the May 1937 demonstrations.[177]
- 1937, Doehle, German consul in Jerusalem: "Palestinian Arabs in all social strata have great sympathies for the new Germany and its Führer…"[188] Unveiled documents of Nazi official in Palestine writing to Berlin in 1937:[183]
‘Arabs admire our Fuhrer’ - “The Palestinian Arabs show on all levels a great sympathy for the new Germany and its Fuhrer, a sympathy whose value is particularly high as it is based on a purely ideological foundation,” a Nazi official in Palestine wrote in a letter to Berlin in 1937. He added: “Most important for the sympathies which Arabs now feel towards Germany is their admiration for our Fuhrer, especially during the unrests, I often had an opportunity to see how far these sympathies extend. When faced with a dangerous behaviour of an Arab mass, when one said that one was German, this was already generally a free pass.”
- Awni Abd al-Hadi (leader of the Istiqlal Arab Independence Party and member of the Arab High Committee in Palestine, Ahmad Shukeiri’s employer), Jan 1937 general statement: 'Arabs Like Nazis.'[170]
- Journalist J. Gunther in 1939: "The greatest contemporary Arab hero is — Adolf Hitler." (Elaborating on the Palestine link about it).[222]
- Ahmad [Shukairy] Shukeiri's testimony in his book about 1940, on all - sympathizing with the Nazis.[287]
- Some 88% in Feb. 1941 poll - favoring the Axis: Arab-Palestine.[288]
- We Arabs supported Hitler during WWII because he hated the Jews, recalled in a 2019 interview, former Jordanian health minister Dr. Zaid Hamzeh who was nine years old at the 1941 Rashid Ali coup days.[323] (A general statement on Arabs, especially by witness in the very area).
- That the pro-Nazi Mufti represented the consensus of Palestine Arabs and had major backing of parties there. Per (anti-Israel author) Said's concession.[416][417][53][418]
- A founder of the League for Arab-Jewish Friendship, after consulting with all her Jewish friends who have been in contact with Arabs for many years, and with all her Arab friends, in May 1942: "The vast majority of Arabs in Palestine and throughout the Middle East believe that Hitler will conquer the whole world. The current Arab leaders, who all support Hitler, believe he will win because they want him to win. The Arab masses also believe that Hitler is the most powerful force in the entire world, and therefore he is obliged to come out with the upper hand.
However, there are a number of Arab intellectuals, merchants, workers, and farmers who are not sure of Hitler's victory..."[381]
- In June 1942, as the British bastion 'Tobruk' fell to the Nazis, Palestinian Arabs (as well as other Arabs), rejoiced.[384]
majority of the Arabs in Palestine Palestinian Arabs are fiercely 'anti-Jewish'… the radicals, who form a majority, see in the approach of Rommel an ideal opportunity to murder all Jews their seize their property.
- Dec 21, 1942 letter, representatives of the Reich and the NSDAP in Palestine described the Arabs' hope for a great Arab state:[535] "Arabs in Palestine were waiting for Hitler to come to Palestine and expel all the Jews. They hoped for a German intervention to solve their conflict with consideration of their needs. Rommel was their legendary hero. Many Arabs truly believed in the Germans' victory. Some of them even listened to the short-wave German broadcast, the Kurzwellensender."
- Nazis' planned 'extermination of the Jews in Palestine,' (stopped by Desert Rats), relied on help that they awaited from many local Arabs ready to serve as willing accomplices of the Germans in the Middle East.[495]
- An Egyptian, who visited the country in the days after the conquest of Berlin wrote: "The people cry in the morning and sob in the evening. And blow to their cheek between morning and evening."[169]
- Reaction of most Arabs that heard of the fate of the Jews in Europe, 1942 - 'open joy.'[453]
If one Communist or two wrote something against Zionism and Fascism at the same time, or that there were Arab soldiers who were paid by Jews (who were the ones mobilized en masse) to join the Brits - do not change the overwhelming facts. Though Falastin & Ad-Difa changed tunes according to power, etc.[97] Yet, enough was the glorification of Hitler in 1932, in 1933 after Hitler assumed power and in 1934 to plant the seeds of venom, nor have they become less anti-Jewish while changing ("strategic") tunes. The trend in Arab press such as Ad-Difa still even a week before the end of WW2, because the Arab street applauds that;[536] the alarming of pro-Hitlerism "fresh" after the war, such as in Ad-Difa[537] and Alwahda[538] in 1946, proves this too - the hatred - unrelated to the winning side.
Naturally, Arab-Palestinian Leader Farouq Qaddoumi stated: We Supported The Nazis In WWII - as a general description.[539]
Prof. / author:[540]
The vast majority of the Palestinian (and all-Arab) national movement identified, whether openly or tacitly, with the position of their Mufti al-Husseini World War II leader, a loyal partner of Hitler, Himmler and Eichmann in the decision to physically eliminate the Jewish people.As it was put in 1949:[541]
There is hardly a single Arab leader today who in those days was not an ally of Nazi Germany. The Nazi-Arab partnership flourished at a time when the war was close to the gates of our country, and names such as Rashid Ali, Amin al-Husseini, etc. still symbolize the "glorious" period of this idyll. The ending, as recalled, was not so glorious.Post Nazi period, recent
Overview
Nazism admiration never ceased.[542]
After the war, The Mufti and al-Kailani, reminds researcher:[297]both Arab leaders continued their anti-Jewish and Islamist policies unimpeded after the end of the war: al-Kailani until 1965 and al-Husseini until 1974. Outside of Israel, Nazism had hardly been delegitimized in the Middle East, and its adherents often came to power after the war ended. The Iraqi al-Kailani staged a coup in Baghdad but failed. He was sentenced to death, then exiled to Beirut. Al-Husseini also found himself in Beirut, where he was active in the World Islamic Congress, which he founded in Jerusalem in 1931 (he opened a Berlin branch a year later). With robust backing, he rose to become the first "Global Grand Mufti." A mufti is a religious and legal authority who hands down rulings on everyday issues to believers in his jurisdiction. His late half-brother Kamil was the previous grand mufti of Jerusalem. Al-Husseini received the title in 1921, and in order to preserve and expand his transregional "Mideast-Europe" legacy after 1945, he chose as his representatives Said Ramadan for Europe, in Switzerland, and Yasser Arafat in the Middle East. The Mufti advised Arafat in 1968 to take over the Palestine Liberation Organization (which he headed until 2004) and "to liberate Palestine," operating out of Gaza with Fatah troops.
After the war, pro-Nazi agent Kamel Mrowa ([كامل مروّه] Kaamel Mruwweh, Muruwa), at his Al Hayat, which became very influential, he lied about the Mufti's Nazism and had justified the Nazis' crimes, a line prelevant in the Arab world in the 1950s. His hateful line continued at the paper till 1990.[94]
In November 1945, the Arab League requested the return of the ex-Mufti to Palestine.[543]
On Jan 10, 1946, the NYT reported, that "all-Inclusive gathering Palestine Arabs called for boycotting Jews-- wants Mufti's return."[544]
The UPI reported on June 8, 1946, that the 'Pro-Nazi Grand Mufti of Jerusalem,' had "escaped" from France,' that the 'ruthless leader expected to reappear in troubled Middle East.'[545]From the Time, June 24, 1946, the Mufti was 'revered' by Palestine Arabs and his Nazi activities known:[546]
The 53-year-old Mufti (whose claim to the aristocratic "El-Husseini" is dubious) is revered as a spiritual leader by Palestine's Arabs. He has been a fanatical anti-Zionist ever since the British appointed him as Mufti in 1921. In 1937, after a murder, he was wafted out of Palestine, where a warrant still exists for his arrest. During the war, he was accused of trafficking with Hitler and Mussolini, of fomenting the Iraq revolt of 1941, and of urging on Germany a systematic policy of exterminating Jews.
Even the Arab communists in (Mandatory Palestine) joined in rejoicing the Nazi Mufti's return, for they knew all too well what the Arab street wants:[547]The Council of the League in Bloudan, which was preceded -- in May 1946 -- by a conference of Arab kings and presidents in Egypt (in Inshas, King Farouk's estate), discussed the matter of the Eretz Israel while knowing that the Mufti fled France and came to the East, his presence in the East even as a refugee enjoying refuge with King Farouk, strengthens the Arab movement in Israel, which has been made recently, is completely subordinate to the Arab League. If the Mufti's presence in the East restores to the Arab movement in Israel some of its previous independence for future solutions. In the meantime, efforts were made in Inshas and Bloudan and renewed efforts to tighten the alliance between the Arab countries and England. At the same council in Bloudan, a chapter in the struggle of the Arab Communist Party for its participation in the leadership of the national movement in the country will end. The council eliminated the efforts of the communists to share in the leadership -- complete and total elimination. After all, in recent times the countries of the League - in Egypt, Iraq and Syria - have started the work of "purging" towards the communists. However, the Arab communists in the country do not despair: they shared, after the slap in the face in Bloudan, they joined in the joy of the Arabs of the country for the return of the Mufti, Hitler's successor from Europe. It is only, because they know very well the 'soul' of the Arab public in Israel and there is no other way before them, but flattery and pandering to the nationalistic tendencies of the Arabs.
The Mufti party provoked and forced the Arabs of the country to celebrate loudly in honor of his escape from France.
On July 23, 1946, the Arab-Socialist Al-Ittihad [الاتحاد] (the Union), the Arab Stalinist weekly, in honor of the Mufti’s arrival in Egypt, praising the mufti after his escape from war crimes prosecution in Europe, reported approvingly that Arab Palestine "from end to end" had celebrated his triumphal return to Egypt.[548][549]
In June 1946, Bartley C. Crum, American member of the Anglo-American Inquiry Committee on Palestine, had warned the State Department on Release of Ex-mufti, linked him with Gestapo leaders Eichmann.[550] In 1947,[551] quoted "a Nazi War criminal, the grand Mufti had repeatedly suggested to Hitler Himmler and von Ribbentrop the extermination of European Jewry as a solution to the Palestine problem:[552] "the Mufti visited the Gas Chambers at Auschwitz where millions of Jews were exterminated and that Hitler instructed that in any ransoming of Concentration Camp inmates no Jews were to be included because of an agreement with the Mufti... letters from the Mufti showing that he encouraged the deportation of thousands of European Jews including children to Polish extermination Camps."
As the Mufti escaped, it was alerted by such as the Associated Press Foreign Affairs Analyst, as: "dangerous man," "on the Loose again. That "his influence extends into Trans-Jordan, Iraq, Arabia, Egypt, Iran and Syria, for he is gifted with leadership."[553]British non-fiction writer and documentary producer, Christopher Hale:[554]
Haj Amin el-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, left behind a more menacing and malign legacy. Germanproduced Arabic radio broadcasts had saturated the Muslim world with hysterical warnings about Jews and global conspiracies, and at the end of the war, the Mufti's renown in Palestine and Egypt was undimmed. He would have a profound and malicious impact on the development of Islamic radicalism following the foundation of the state of Israel in 1948. By the winter of 1944, Berlin was no longer a safe haven for men like the Grand Mufti. He had never been a brave man and was often found cowering under tables as the great armadas of Allied bombers pounded the capital of the Reich. His allies in the Foreign Office, like Erwin Ettel, did what they could to protect their esteemed Muslim guest and tried to coax him to escape Germany to whatever safe haven he chose by U-boat. The Mufti was simply too timid to contemplate such a journey and held on in Berlin to the very end. At the beginning of May 1945, the Grand Mufti and his entourage at last packed up and fled. He knew that once the British reached Berlin they would waste little time tracking him down. After many tribulations, they managed to reach Constance in the French zone of occupation. Recalling how well he had been treated after his flight from Palestine, when he escaped to French Beirut from British Palestine, the Grand Mufti surrendered to the French authorities. He was soon relaxing in an opulent villa near Paris. The British urgently petitioned the French authorities to hand over the fugitive Muslim cleric who had slipped out of their hands so many times. But General de Gaulle was in no mood to oblige his ally and personally issued instructions that el-Husseini should be permitted to remain in France and resume, without interference, his political activities on behalf of the Palestinian Arabs. For the French, who blamed the British for the catastrophe of 1940, the Mufti offered a delicious opportunity to spite perfidious Albion. Since the French had reasserted their presence in North Africa, they had good reason not to wound Arab public opinion. The Mufti had little time to enjoy French hospitality. His protectors discovered that an 'Irgun' assassination squad had arrived in France. On 28 May 1945, el-Husseini bolted to Italy, then secretly boarded a British ship, the SS Devonshire, bound for the Egyptian port of Alexandria.
The return of the Grand Mufti electrified the Arab world. At a rally at Heliopolis in Cairo exultant crowds swamped his convoy – and King Farouk offered him appropriately sumptuous accommodation at his 'Inshas Palace'. The leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, Hassan al-Banna breathlessly declared: 'The hearts of the Arabs palpitated with joy at hearing that the Mufti had succeeded in reaching an Arab country ... The lion is free at last and will roam the Arabian jungle to clear it if wolves. The great leader is back.'
In 1936, Haj Amin el-Husseini had embarked on an epic journey that had led him from Iran and Iraq to the hub of Hitler's Reich... The Mufti's hatred of Jews provided a poisonous bond with Hitler and his fanatical elite, above all Heinrich Himmler. In Berlin, the Nufti's loathing had been deepened... Faced with chronic unrest in Palestine, the British decided to leave the Grand Mufti in peace. Arrest would only enhance his reputation and they had nothing to gain from his martyrdom. An American agent stationed in Cairo reported that 'it was unlikely that any strong action will now be taken... against former Axis collaborators.'
... In November 1945 the reinvigorated Akhwan el Muslemin, the Muslim Brotherhood, incited attacks on Jewish homes and property in Alexandria. In the post-war period, Arab fantasies about the 'Jewish enemy' would be reinforced as the West German government reappointed many of the Mufti's Foreign Office supporters and stationed them at embassies in Baghdad and Cairo.
In Oct 1947, the NYT reported[555] that it was denounced reported troop movements by Arab states as "bluff and bluster" and that, under the leadership of the exiled Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin el-Husseini, the Arabs were "brazenly emulating Hitler's tactics."
Author in 1969:[556]
Nazi anti-Semitism – theory, practice and policy – fitted the needs of the Arab nationalist movement like a glove. Over the years it was to become a shirt of Nessus, a poisonous garment enveloping the movement with a spreading rash of maddening fears and delusions, a garment which it cannot shake off and which is eating it away, body and soul.
High-ranking Nazis escaped from Germany to become advisers to anti-Israeli Arab leaders and "were able to carry on and transmit to others Nazi racial-ideological anti-Semitism."[359]
Writer,[557] author, in his famed 1979 book,[558] wrote:[559]Considering that Arab leaders, such as Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, backed the Nazis in World War II, and in the postwar period provided havens for fleeing war criminals, this is not strange. Interest in Hitler and the possibility that he might yet return was a recurring subject of discussion in the Arab press of the 1950's. Arab leaders followed Nazi propaganda methods diligently and came to rely on the Goebbels technique of the Big Lie and the repetition of the most outrageous libels. It is difficult to determine whether Arab propagandists were apt pupils or inept practitioners who actually believed their own fabrications. David Hirst of the Manchester Guardian, reporting on a 1972 interview with King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, found him "apparently carried away" with the "blood libel" myth that Jews killed Gentile children for ritual purposes in the preparation of Passover matzoth.
It was "an extraordinary outpouring of anti - Semitic prejudices," Hirst wrote. Extraordinary or not, Faisal repeated the story to the Cairo weekly, Al Mussarrat...
Journalist:[560] In the end, despite Hitler's best efforts, a grand Nazi-Islamic alliance wasn't to be... Yet the Nazis did succeed in one thing: poisoning the mind of many a Muslim against Jews. Anti-Semitic tropes propagated by the Third Reich, from medieval Christian blood libels to virulent conspiracy theories, have been grafted seamlessly onto old Islamic anti-Jewish prejudices, thereby gaining a new lease on life in the Muslim world.Prof. B. Lewis:[561]
Since 1945, certain Arab countries have been the only places in the world where hard-core, Nazi-style anti-Semitism is publicly and officially endorsed and propagated.
Nazi Criminals were in Arab Countries immediately at the end of the war.[562]
Recalled in 1967:[563]the Mufti was returned to his role after the war as leader of the Palestine question. He directed policy from a lavish and fortified home in Cairo and, as one of the Arab delegates to the United Nations in 1947 said, "the Mufti is the irrefutable leader of the Holy Land Arabs."
From Massuah, in 1974:[564]:Antisemitic propaganda in Arab countries sowed hatred not only for the State of Israel but for Jews in general... Arab journalists praised Adolf Hitler 'the "hero" [as if] who fell in a "holy" war.'In the last 25 years, since the establishment of the State of Israel, extensive literature has been published in Egypt and Lebanon that copied the racial theory and called for genocide against the Zionists and Israelis.
These books have often been published by official and government publishers. Racism has even been instilled in the textbooks of children of Arab countries. It is no coincidence that we were forced to disqualify parts of the textbooks that were accepted in Jordan and the Gaza Strip, under the Jordanian and Egyptian occupation. The "Protocols of the Elders of Zion" were published under the auspices of the Egyptian government and at its expense.
Since Nazi times, Cairo has been the only place where these "protocols" were published and widely distributed. Nasser himself recommended to visitors to him this book "which allows one to see inside the tricks [sic] of the Jews." Let us remember that important leaders of Arab countries of today were among those expecting a Nazi victory in World War II and some of them are admirers of Hitler, his entourage allies.
The Allied headquarters in Cairo, during World War II, forcibly prevented a development similar in Egypt to that which occurred with the Rashid Ali revolt in Baghdad.
The Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, made an alliance with Hitler and hoped for the destruction of the Jewish community in the country. "Mein Kampf", the protocols of the "Elders of Zion" and similar propaganda pamphlets are not invalid literature today in Arab countries. While there are now Arab leaders, writers and journalists who are ashamed of these publications, no order has yet been given to destroy this horrific propaganda literature. When the Arabs met in the territories with our soldiers and the citizens of Israel, they were surprised to see a humane attitude towards them and did not believe what they saw and said: "Jews do not hate us and you can live with Israelis" ... The Arabs thanked us today. We would have been treated differently, and who knows what kind of massacres and atrocities the world would have witnessed in such a case."
Writer Alexandre Del Valle[565] cites the Gud Magazine of the extreme right in France which, in association with the Islamists, praised the Nazi-Palestinian alliance of World War II; this had been geared to eliminate the Jews of Palestine and facilitate the rise of a totally Arab state in Palestine, headed by the Mufti of Jerusalem, on their ashes.[566]
Historian:[54]Husayni escaped indictment as a war criminal by sheltering in Egypt and the Lebanon. He died in 1974. But his legacy is very much alive today. We see it in the widespread sale of visceral anti-Jewish (and not just antiZionist) literature in the Muslim world, and in the way in which Jews are portrayed on Arab media. Collaboration between the Arab and Nazi worlds was in fact widespread in the mid-20th century. Arabs colluded with Nazis in the wholesale demonisation of the Jewish people, and applauded and assisted in its wholesale destruction Nazi fugitives from allied justice found safe havens in Arab lands. No amount of political correctness today — no amount of not-wishing to offend Muslim-sensitivities — can wipe away this past.The truth is that, internally, the Arab world, and especially the Palestinians, have never hidden their sympathy for Nazism... But for foreign purposes, the Palestinian Arab movement and its supporters in the West present the opposite view.[567]
Holocaust survivor, longtime Congressman, the late Tom Lantos writing in 2002:[568]
Writing in 1986, Middle East scholar Bernard Lewis explained contemporary Arab antisemitism as a reaction to the sense of humiliation Arabs feel at repeated military defeats at Israel's hands, blows made all the more painful because they were inflicted by a people, Jews, long presumed to be inferior.According to Lewis, Arabs were accustomed to viewing Jews as no better than "a tolerated subject minority, and ... by appearing as conquerors and rulers the Jews [in Arab reckoning] have subverted God's [sic] order for the universe."
Whatever its cause, the cancer of antisemitism has metastasized and spread throughout the Arab world. Jews, both as Israelis and simply as Jews, are demonized daily in the Arab press, electronic media, and textbooks, often with ugly illustrations and "political" cartoons on a par with the worst of Julius Streicher's Die Sturmer. Indeed, Nazi-style imagery and conspiracy-thinking abound in the Arab world, and all the ills of the world are attributed to "the Jews." As.. article in the New York Times noted, "Stay in a five-star hotel anywhere from Jordan to Iran, and you can buy the infamous forgery Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Pick up a newspaper in any part of the Arab world and you regularly see a swastika superimposed on the Israeli flag."
This worsening problem carries dire implications for the Arab-Israeli conflict, adding a racist and religious-warfare dimension to an already exceedingly difficult political problem. Moreover, in an obscenely bizarre twist, the Middle East may now be exporting to Europe the antisemitism it originally imported from there. Since the latest phase of Arab violence against Israel began in September 2000, there have been hundreds of antisemitic incidents reported in Europe, particularly in France.
Some of the ugliest examples of Arab antisemitism came in the wake of the September 11 attacks on the United States, as detailed in this important publication. The Arab media reaction to the September 11 horror reflected all the elements of Nazi-style defamation, particularly, Jewish [sic] conspiracy.
Here we can read the now-famous claims that Mossad organized the September 11 attacks; that 4,000 Jewish employees, forewarned, avoided work at the World Trade Center that day; and that Jews [sic] exploited their foreknowledge of the tragedy to profit from the stock market.
We observe the shocking sense of cultural inferiority self-serving but nonetheless real of Arab commentators who "prove" Jewish [sic] complicity in the September 11 murders by pointing out that "only the Jews are capable of planning such an incident, because it was planned with great precision of which Osama bin Laden or any other Islamic organization or intelligence apparatus is incapable." And we learn of the grisly, Nazi-type punishment one Egyptian cleric wishes on the Jews of America.
But the totality of what is presented in the following pages also reflects a sad reality: the Arab world's inability, first, to come to terms with the fact that Arabs planned and carried out the evil deeds and, second, to reflect productively on how and why that happened. Such is the classic utility the antisemite finds in his antisemitism: scape-goating Jews for problems of his own making.
The niece of one of Fatah's founders Yahya Sakher Habash (صخر حبش) Sakher Habash (1939-1970), growing up on the West Bank in the 1980s tells of being taught anti-Jewish hatred and to praise Hitler. Visiting in 2017 where she grew up, she says, the same hatred continues.[569]Writer in 2006:[570]
...the point isn't to dredge up ancient history about Muslims and Nazis. Many Swedes got along swimmingly with the Nazis but who worries about the Swedes today? The Muslim world is another matter. And unlike the Swedes, the similarities between Nazism and Islamic fascism are not all in the past.Author (in 2008):[571]
A comparison of murderous Nazi ideology with the jihadist ideology that dominates headlines today... early Palestinian nationalism was influenced heavily by Nazism. While other nations have disavowed fascism (Germany and Italy, for example) and have since developed into thriving democracies, the Palestinians have never reconciled with their past...
Hitler's fraud book Mein Kampf,[572] has been a best seller in the "Palestinian territories."[573][574] And researchers from the University of Hamburg revealed, Hitler is a popular figure, idol, among "Palestinian" youth.[575]Author published in 2014 interaction with Arab "Palestinians":[576]
Samir asked me my opinion of Hitler. Not knowing how to react, I said nothing and just shook my head. He continued to explain: "Here many people like Hitler" and showed me a picture of Hitler on his mobile phone.
A noted Orientalist, conducting a poll in Arabic, in 2019: "If Adolf Hitler was alive today and was tried, what do you think is the sentence that the leader of the German Third Reich deserves...??" - most found him "innocent."[577]
Not unrelated. From the other side. An Oct/2021 report:[578]
Neo-Nazis, White Supremacists Attempt To Revive WWII-Era Nazi-Palestinian Alliance: Gaza Conflict Provides Opportunity For Them To Promote And Actualize 'Final Solution,' With Online And On-The-Ground Efforts, Emerging Support For Terror Groups Hamas And Hizbullah And For Their Shared Mission Of Attacking Jews Worldwide.Hitler’s Mein Kampf book was a hit as soon as it was published in 1999 - in 2000 the fifth edition was printed. According to British historian, Hitler's admiration for the Arab world stems first and foremost from the ease with which he succeeded in exterminating Jews.
A study by the German government among Arab youth in the State of Israel revealed that Hitler is at the top of the list of young boys' figures they admire.[579]
There is an "intersection between the mufti and his Nazi camp visits and today's hatred of Israel and Jewish symbols."[580]
Indeed Nazi symbolism, is never uncommon[581][582][583] at Arab Palestinians. And "too many Palestinians continue to play the Nazi card over and over again in some creatively destructive ways in the media, mosques and madrassas."[584]
That, in addition to, using Nazi propaganda to indoctrinate hate at children[585][586] and belittling the Holocaust.[587][588][589]As late as 2022, "Palestinian" schoolbooks deny Holocaust, legitimize Munich massacre. It also incites against, lies about the Jewish faith, slander Jews as a whole.[590]
Historian:[375]
Although the Allies destroyed the Third Reich, what has lived on is the Nazi spirit. This spirit of hatred festered through the relationship between Amin Al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and Hitler.Post WW2 Arab / Islamist / Nazi alliances
Note: Though western entities made use of former Nazis, in Arabia it is uniquely different as the hatred ideology plays the role.
Such as, Von Leers serving as propagandist for nasser - engaged by the Egyptians as an "expert anti-Jewish propagandist,"[591][592][593] converted to Islam, changed his name to Omar Amin. And the former Nazis, then Neo Nazis: Otto Remer & Ernst-Wilhelm Springer (S.R.P) – elaborated further.
Of the first noted 'beginners' Arabs, continuing Mufti's legacy of Arab-Nazi cooperation, post WW2, are:
- The Arab Office in Washington, particularly via Arab “Palestinian” Anwar Nashashibi, already in 1946. At least.[594]
- Habib Ibrahim Katibah, active in Nazi pro Hitler propaganda since Hitler's rise to power, at his founded Arab group,[71][72], in 1946, "the names of several of the other top officers of the institute, including the present chairman of its executive committee, are to be found among the names of the eight original incorporators of the old bund-associated Arab National League."
Katibah, "on May 2, 1946, and again on May 9, 1946, was the signer of full-page paid advertisement appearing in a number of principal newspapers, advancing the propaganda cause of the Arab League, and attributed to a high nebulous source called the League for peace with justice in Palestine."[73]
- A 1947 report about Syrian Arab Adnan al-Ard who came after the war to help Nazi Arabs (eliminating files, providing escape, etc.):[460]
There are even rumors that some of the directors of the extermination operation of the Jews in Europe, including Eichmann, are in contact with this office and some of them have already been transferred to "jobs" in Syria and Iraq.
What is still forbidden about the Germans is allowed to Dr. Ard and his Arab friends.
They conduct open and wild incitement against the Jews at all kinds of parties and meetings. Dr. Ard himself lectures to various German circles and spices up his lectures with insults and ridicule to the Jews, which were very pleasant to the palates of the Nazis.
A few months ago he lectured on the question of Israel to American officers and almost all of his remarks were devoted to an attack on "international Jewry."Some Nazi fugitives to whom Arabs provided haven, even tried to come into Palestine at influx of illegal Arabs in 1947.[595]
- Asides from Nazis training, fighting with Arabs 1947/8 - elaborated further.
- Syrian Arab Akram Tabara, was at a SS division during the war,[596] who gave his name as Dr. John Homsi, recruited Nazis for 1948 War with Israel.[596][597]
- The Mufti, Kaukji and Salim Idris:
From a 1951 report:[598] The ex-Mufti al-Husseini and Salim Idris سلیم ادریس - Secretary General of the Permanent Office of Palestine in Beirut are the link between the Nazi center in Cairo and the court of Farouk and the Arab League.
Nazi agents and former German generals sit in all the capitals of Arab countries working tightly with Fawzi Qauakji, who in Nov-1951 had visited Latin America and the Nazi "colonies" in those countries, and other Arab personalities, from former Hitler's associate. German-Nazi advisers in the training of Arab armies. Hundreds of Nazis, SS men, formerly German generals and colonels, recruited by Kaukji and Nazi spy Miller in Germany and transferred via Rome to Damascus and Cairo. German pilots work as experts and instructors in Egypt.
Already in 1950, Mein Kampf in Arabic was republished, reappeared, in Egypt.[599]
By 1953, the Nazis’ expertise expanded, and with it, admiration of Hitler grew, resurfaced. [600]
British author, historian, and journalist:[601]Partners In a Evil
... Unlike Brunner, Remer was itinerant, and spent much time in that other nest of postwar Nazis—Cairo. If anything, the Egyptian capital was even more appealing than Damascus, and had been playing host to Nazis immediately after the war, when King Farouk opened his arms to scores of former SS and Gestapo officers.
That hospitality continued even after Farouk was deposed by the Free Officers Movement in 1952, as Nasser regarded German scientific and intelligence expertise as being an essential component of his regime. No less a figure than Joachim Daumling, the former head of the Gestapo in Düsseldorf, was tasked with establishing Nasser’s secret service. In fact, the list of some habitués of Cairo in the 1950s and the 1960s reads like a who’s who of Nazi Germany, featuring as it did the rescuer of Mussolini, Otto Skorzeny; the ace Stuka pilot Hans-Ulrich Rudel; the leader of a notorious SS penal unit, Oskar Dirlewanger; and the particularly odious and violently anti-Semitic stooge of Goebbels, Johannes von Leers. What made the relationship between these former Nazis and the Egyptians and Syrians so successful was that it was a genuinely two-way deal. The Arabs offered the Nazis a haven, as well as a market for all their nefarious dealings in arms and black market currency. The Nazis, meanwhile, were able to provide technical and military experts, as well as the knowhow of establishing the instruments of repression. However, below the back scratching lay a deep and dark underpinning to the relationship between the crescent and the swastika. That was, of course, a hatred of the Jews, and in particular, a desire to see the eradication of Israel.
That shared exterminationist desire had been born during the war itself, when the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husayni, had made his home in the luxurious Hotel Adlon in Berlin in 1941, and had impressed Hitler with his hatred of the Jews. The Mufti lobbied the Nazis hard to kick the British out of the Middle East, and he was instrumental in raising recruits for a largely Muslim unit of the SS called the 13th Armed Mountain Division of the SS Handschar.
In addition, throughout the war in North Africa, German intelligence had worked closely with the Egyptians, and the Mufti is thought to have been a key intermediary between King Farouk and Hitler himself. If further evidence were needed that the roots of the Nazi-Arab affair were required, then it is worth considering the fact that both Nasser and his successor, Anwar Sadat, had been wartime agents for the Germans.
- In 1947, Columbia:[602]
... in Colombia anti-Semitism is spread mainly by Arabs from Syria, out of envy of the commercial talents of the new Jewish immigrants in this country. The Arabs are acting in collaboration with Nazis who have been released from detention. In recent months, there have been two cases of blood libel in Colombia.
- The Arabic Voice of Hitler During WWII, [Younis] Yunus Bahri,[446] who stated proudly in a memoir he wrote after the war, "I was the first Arab to collaborate with the Nazis,"[334] Mufti's associate, in 1948[447] he continued on 'Voice of the Arabs' in Egypt, [603] and in the 1950s' had relationship with Nasser and Saadat.[447]
- As of Jan 1949, amidst recruitment of Nazi generals to Arab army, two Arab officers who served in the Moslem Legion of Hitler during the war now occupy high army posts: Prince Mancour Daud, a former lieutenant colonel of the Moslem Legion, who is now a commander of an Iraqi division. Colonel Suleiman Bey, brother-in-law of the former Iraqi Foreign Minister Raschid Ali, fled to Germany after the unsuccessful 1941 coup a etat. He commanded as an SS Sturmführer, a battalion of the Moslem Legion. He is now in command of an Iraqi brigade.[604]
- Pan-Arabist nationalist, Nasser was a Hitler admirer,[605] [606] and of the Mufti's,[607] had a slew of former SS Nazis,[608][609] not just as military helpers but in ideology too: some as political advisers and experts on 'Jewish affairs.'[610][605]
When Nasser took on the Muslim Brotherhood in the 1950s': During this period, the Grand Mufti maintained close relations with the burgeoning Nazi exile community in Cairo, while cultivating ties to right-wing extremists in the United States and other countries.[611]
- 1956, Mivtza Kadesh (Operation Kadesh - Suez Crisis):[612][613] Documents found in the offices of the Egyptian commanders called on the Egyptian army to prepare for the campaign to destroy Israel in a most cruel way. The army officers gave an Arabic translation of "Mein Kampf" by Hitler, so that they would draw "inspiration" from it.[612] This phenomenon was also recalled by Golda Meir Dec 5, 1956's speech.[614][615][616]
- Mufti's disciple, Von Leer "Omar" activities at least in 1959 and the 1960s with the United Arab Republic.[617][618]In fact, Egypt,[598][563][601] then Nasserism - UAR[617] became a center for Arab ex-Nazi link, after WW2.
- Erwin Schönborn, in the 1950s' was West Berlin’s most active Jew-baiter.
Distributed Nazi propaganda, primarily in Arabic in 1976 Innsbruk Olympics and held Nazi-Arab events.[619] He was chairman of various neo-Nazi splinter groups and of a 'German-Arab Society.'[620] played the "anti-imperialism" spiel.[621] He was chairman of various neo-Nazi splinter groups and of a 'German-Arab Society.'[620]
- The neo-Nazi "German Social Movement," had relations with the Arab League. Among other things, it held a convention in 1957 in Freudenstadt. It featured numerous addresses, most of them marked by anti-Semitic innuendoes, delivered by a number of open devoteees of Hitler. Chief among these was, Karl Priester, former Hitler Youth and S.S. leader who heads now the movement and edits its anti-Semitic monthly magazine.[620]
- 1950s.
Jorge Zurob Sabaj's, Central Arab Committee of Chile's weekly journal Mundo Arabe presented itself as a faithful follower of the ex-Mufti Haj Amin el Husseini whose portrait appeared on the front page on March 17, 1950, adding: "the spiritual and political leader of the Palestinian Arabs." [622]
- 1960s.
Neo-Nazi Franz Heinz Pfeiffer Richter's publication Cruz Gamada (swastika), was another example of cooperation between pro-Nazi groups and the Arabs, most of which was devoted to "Palestine, Arab land" and "Communist[sic] Jewish [sic] infiltration," or "Capitalist ... " (Nazis never had a problem with contradiction, of course).[623]
- 1950s-1960s.
Otto Remer & Ernst-Wilhelm Springer: Otto Remer,[624] a former Wehrmacht officer who squashed the July 1944 military coup against Hitler.[625] His partner, Ernst-Wilhelm Springer, who had helped the Grand Mufti organize the Muslim SS division during the war.[626] Springer was a leading member of the banned Social Reich Party. At his trial for arms dealing to Arabs, Springer: "The political attitude of the Arabs," [AKA anti-Jewish sentiments], "and their misery prompted me to become active for the North African freedom movement."[627] Fleeing Germany for his activities at the Social Reich Party, reportedly, Springer was helped by the Mufti to find refuge among the Arabs. With Springer assuming an Arab name.[628]
- In 1958, it was reported that: ‘Nazi-Arab organizations operate in West Germany under 18 names.’[629]
- In Jan 1960, French Minister Jacques Soustelle at a protest rally organized by the Committee for the Defense of Democracy, stated that the source of anti-Semitism needs to be searched in the Arab League and Pan-Arabism. Indeed, observers pointed out at the time: in Arab countries, there are now roots of Nazism from which Arab nationalists now draw their ideas, some of whom hold key positions in the Arab political arena.
Swastikas in Lebanon, Jan/1960, shocked the Jewish community and showed signs of Nazi influence. Observers mentioned: The influential official newspaper Al-Hayat الحياة, in which the newspaper acknowledged the existence of a serious anti-Semitic movement in the world and called on the Arabs to join this movement, in order to act against the Jews and the State of Israel.
German economic experts help Nasser solve his economic problems. German officers serve as instructors in the Egyptian army. German propagandists are engaged in training and directing anti-Jewish propaganda over the waves of the Sawt al-Arab صوت العرب station and the other propaganda trumpets.[630]
- Top Nazis directed from Cairo Neo-nazi activities throughout the world.
Reported in 1960:[631]
- Mar 10, 1960.
At Ben Gurion's visit to the White House, a small demonstration: neo Nazis and Arabs side by side shown on TV in the US.[636]
- Mufti's ally, Issa Nakhleh, his Palestine Arab Delegation and beyond, in the years: 1960s - through the early 1980s.
- The neo-Nazi umbrella group 'Malmoe International', in contact with the Arab Union, and the Scandinavian-Arab Friendship League. (1960s).[637]
- Neo-Nazi leader Bjorn Lundahl's agreement and dangerous plots with UAR - Egypt, through Kamel Hamad. (1960s).[638][639][640][641]
- An early 1964 report:[642]
Arabs distribute Nazi material in West Germany. One of the pamphlets justifies the persecution of the Jews throughout history and by Hitler...
- Argentina/Chile
Hussein Triki 1960s in Argentina.[643]
Palestine born Jorge Sabaj Zurob in Chile via his pro- Hitler[644]La Reforma / Mundo Arabe (- editor of both[645]) reprinted, elaborated on the old fraudulent "Protocols,"[70] and (Palestine born) Issa Nakhleh in the 1950s in Argentina. Recorded about 1955/6-1961/2 in Argentina:[646]Nazi activity in Latin America - is the Arab League, which by supporting the anti-Semitic work wanted to weaken the sympathies of the governments and intellectuals towards Israel. They helped in every aspect and in every direction.
Earlier, the Arab agitators helped their Nazi followers in the propaganda that Jews are communists on the one hand and imperialists on the other. Zionism has become the solution for this propaganda...Then Arab League's attaché Hussein Triki's publication and activities with Tacuara there in the 1960s, the cocktail of Nazi fugitives and (radicals among) Arab immigrants have brought about, what was described in 1975, as the Jews sitting on the opening of a volcano:[647] Argentine Jewry sits on the opening of a volcano, say emissaries who have been there these days. According to them, the earth is burning beneath the feet of the Jews not only in Argentina but in other extensive parts of the South American continent. The greenhouse, where Nazi refugees and tens of thousands of Arab immigrants found refuge, began to bear rotten fruits.
- In 1967, there was a list of some 200 Nazi War Criminals Living In Arab Countries.[648]
- 1991, 1997, 2001+.
Ahmed Huber, convert to Islam, "whose views were strongly influenced by his meeting in 1965 with Mufti al Husseini,"[649] Hitler has long adorned his study. After Sept. 11, he twinned the picture with one of Osama bin Laden. The voluble proponent of a strange alliance, one apparently strengthened in the aftermath of Sept. 11: Muslim fundamentalists and neo-Nazis, who share a hatred of the United States, Israel and Jews. According to him, some Nazi veterans also feel common cause with Islamic militants.
In 1991, German neo-Nazis attempted to form a "Condor Legion" to fight alongside Iraqis against the U.S.-led international coalition. In 2002, members of the European far right have journeyed to Baghdad to express solidarity with President Saddam Hussein.
In late 1997, Steven Smyrek, a German neo-Nazi and convert to Islam, who allegedly trained at an al Qaeda camp in Afghanistan, was arrested in Israel for planning a suicide attack.
In 1997, a Holocaust denial conference planned for Beirut would have brought together Pierce, Mahler of Germany's National Democratic Party, who planned to speak on "The Final Solution to the Jewish Question," and representatives of Hezbollah and other radical Muslim groups. The conference was canceled by Lebanon's government.[650]
Convert to Islam, neo-Nazi Albert Ahmed Huber:[651]
[W]e Muslims were fascinated by the Third Reich in the 1930s because Hitler had some ideas at the political level and the economic level , and the cultural field , which were very close to the political, economic, and cultural
So this man and his movement were fascinating to many Muslim intellectuals all during the 1930s. And since 1945, Muslims have been studying all of these things . And we judge him in a different way. Even if now, of course, when the Muslims protest against America, they say Bush equals Hitler, or Sharon equals Hitler, they say that not for themselves, but [because] they know that it has an impact on Western public opinion. You see Hitler himself had a quite positive attitude towards Islam...He said several times in his table talks that" After the final war the swastika will rule over Europe and will represent a new Europe.
We will help the Muslims in North Africa and the Middle East to reestablish the Caliphate." That means there would be an Islamic civilization. [And Hitler said] "In the Far East , there will be the rising sun " -Japan of course.Nazi Mufti today
In 1985, Arafat extolled his memory and emphasized that "the PLO is continuing the path set by the Mufti".[652] He told Edward Said that year, on the Mufti: "He was always right."[653]
In an Aug 2, 2002 interview, Arafat called the Mufti "our hero". And that he was of his 1948 troops.[654][655]
The Grand Mufti is still glorified, such as by "moderate" Arab Palestinian Mahmoud Abbas in 2013,[656][657] in 2016 at National Security Forces of - PA,[658] an event under his picture in 2018,[656] and in 2019 a PA official:Nazi-collaborator Mufti is leader and 'role model.'[659] Though, for political purposes, the Palestinian Authority has been -generally- downplaying "its Nazi orientation."[660] Especially to the outside world.[567]
The PA has named at least one school after the Nazi collaborator - the Amin Al-Husseini Elementary School in El-Bireh, the current PA Mufti has honored his predecessor by laying a wreath on his grave, and the PA National Security Forces have highlighted Al-Husseini on Facebook and in 2019 on the anniversary of his death, Abbas’ advisor praised Nazi collaborator as “role model”.[661]
Still, more often, while the PLO chose trying to deal with Mufti true Nazi record by pushing a vicious blame lie on the Holocaust, Hamas is more expressing the line that the Mufti's war was "just."[270]
(Whereas in the wider Arab world, the Mufti chapter has been largely silenced,[662] some like biographer, at Mohammed El Taher on the Mufti, have been rewriting history and white washing and sugarcoating.[663])
Fact is, that even regarding Palestine, which some apologetic Arab writers try to sugar coat him with, the Mufti was never "for the Arabs," but exclusively 'against' the Jews. In 1952 he explained to an interviewer: "This land... had belonged to the non‐Jewish peoples of Palestine..."[664]
Contradictory anti-Semitism
Islamic Anti-Semitism today: denies and or diminishes the Holocaust while contradictory using Nazi symbols which proves that the Holocaust did happen, then at times attaching the label on its enemy - is all motivated by hatred and an all out frustration that the Mufti’s support for extermination became a disappointment in history as Nazism became associated with evil.[665][579]
Noted in 2002:[666]...the Israelis face virulent hostility from both the Arabs who condemn them as Nazis and from those who privately idolize Hitler’s achievements.Historian: [667]...the PA and its media have gone out of their way to minimize the genocide, if not deny it altogether. At the same time, the Palestinians are portrayed as the Holocaust's real victims...Observed,[12]There's no doubt that Hamas and Fatah are concerned that the curriculum would generate sympathy for Jews among Palestinian youth. But it's also likely that the two parties are worried about something else — that these lesson plans will unravel the lie that modern-day Israel is comparable to Nazi Germany.The classic, Anti Semitic posters at Durban 2001, accusing of supposed Nazism while glorifying Hitler.[668]
Eichmann-ism
Outrageously rotten to the core, as (late as 2021) the official “moderate” PA flatters a three generation family of terrorists who adopted the name Eichmann, inspired by that arch Nazi butcher.[669][670]
- Fawzi Salem al-Mahdi [فوزي سالم المهدي] known as "Abu Hitler,” [ابو هتلر] a senior commander in Arafat's bodyguard unit, "Force 17," whose two sons bear the first names Hitler and Eichmann.[671][672][673][674][652]
- Known in Mar 2022:[675]
A report is presented by an official PA TV female reporter whose name is Benazir Eichmann, named after Nazi SS leader Adolf Eichmann.Nazi display
The outrage at Nazi display is greater when official "Palestinians" cheer to it or in almost all cases don't intervene. Far worse is when "Palestinian" official police are the ones perpetrating it. Such as on its official media, and "Palestinian" police,[676] security.[677] Unlike one isolated rare incident by a loner on the opposite side in 1997, with a drawing that offended Muslims, when she was condemned across the board in Israel and incarcerated for three years.[678][679] At times the Palestinian Authority for example promoted Nazi symbolism events, without directly commenting on it.[680]
At the same time, Arab-Palestinian moderates' perversion of the Holocaust is alarming at least since the 1980s.[681]
An Arab-Palestinian writer: "Hamas uses Hitler-like methods that Will doom the Palestinian People."[682]
At the end of WW2
March 1945.
Though the Mufti was arrested, his entourage, his followers Arab feudal lords ... continue to pursue their Fascist policy. Interviews given at the ... Pan-Arab congress by prominent "advisers" of the Arab rulers, reveal a perturbing picture of the mentality of these Arab overlords. King Ibn Saud's adviser, Sheik Youssef Yussin was quoted in a fascistic statement on that March 1945 congress. Which proved to be but an example of the entire group.[683]
Still:[536]A week before the end of the war in Europe, the editor of Al-Ittihad [الإتحاد] asked an 'important activist' about the meaning of the current trend in some newspapers (his intention was probably for Difa'e [الدفاع], but Falastin [فلسطين] had to adapt to its rival in order not to lose circulation) to highlight the speeches of Hitler and Himmler and the Warwolf, to deceive the reader as if Nazism still has hope to win, and to weaken confidence in the unity of the Western allies and SSSR. The important activist replied that this trend satisfies the will of the people and increases the distribution.
Shortly after WW2
- Nov 1945.
Noted in Dec 1, 1945:[684]
the Palestine Arabic newspaper Falastin, for instance, attacked the Nuremberg trials, asserting that the Allies had no right to try nazis and nazism since this was a political ideology just as democracy and socialism are.
- Dec 20, 1945.
Some 3 months after WW2, the racist pseudo "analogies" were already there. The Falastin wrote 'that the decision of the American Senate in favor of Zionism is a [sic] crime against democracy that transcends the crimes of Hitler and Mussolini, Genghis Khan and Timurlan.'[685]
- Jan 1, 1946.
New Year of 1946, Arab newspapers in Jaffa published the "will" of Hitler with great prominence. The Islamic[33] Ad-Difaa (Al Difa) الدفاع, in honor of the Christian holiday has put at the top of the issue a picture of the "Fuhrer."[537]
- Apr 1946.
Months after WW2, the Jaffa based Arab newspaper Al-Sirat (Originally: As-Sirat) - الصراط publishes Nazi-style anti-Jewish incitement, rationalizing European persecution of Jewry.[686]
- May 1946.
The 'Anti-Nazi League' in US had presented evidence based on 'original documents' of Arab Office in Washington working with Neo Nazis in the US in propagating hatred. In particular correspondence by Arab "Palestinian" Anwar Nashashibi [النشاشيبي، أنور 1913-2005].[594]
- May 1946.
Arab guards who passed via a van through Bnei Brak, stopped and began to paint swastikas on the walls of the Jewish houses. The police forced them to clean the walls with their bear hands.[687]
- 1946.
The Arabic الوحدة al-Wahda - Newspaper in Jerusalem, as quoted in June 1946, glorified Hitler.[538]
- June 1946.
Three Arab women swastikas cause brawl on Jaffa Street in Jerusalem. [688]
1946.
Both, Jamal Husseini and Ahmad Shukeiri had reiterated Goebbels ideology and had justified the Holocaust of systematically massacring 6,000,000 Jews.[421]
Laying the cornerstone for contradictory nightmare kingdom of propaganda, in which the principle of non-contradiction is suspended in favor of a rather malicious target,[579] (that continues strongly today[689][690]) months earlier, Shukeiri casted President Truman's stand, as Nazis on trial in Nuremberg. After Truman upon hearing about refugees' plight's, in Nov-1945 sent a letter to Attlee concerning resettlement of Jewish refugees in Palestine [162], Shukeiri as Director of the Jerusalem Arab Office, commented: "I regard President Truman's repeated declarations in favor of Zionism as a sign of the decline of American democracy. Capitalistic tyranny and angling for the vote of the five million Jews are the direct cause of this... I would have thought that this latest declaration was made by one of the great Nazi leaders who had escaped prosecution at Nuremberg..."[691]
- 1946.
Jamal Husseini and Ahmad Shukeiri, declare at the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry that the Mufti is Arabs' "only" leader, and there's no substitute. While Hitler's atrocities still vivid on everyone's mind.
Description of the 1946 Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry: Hourani's testimony seemed to the Arabs too moderate, at least in its style if not in its context. And Ahmad Shukeiri, who spoke after him, tried to "correct" that impression. His fiery speech, full of threats, overt and covert, and full of eagerness to battle, did blur the impression of Hourani's testimony, but it is highly doubtful that this blurring might have brought any benefit to the Arabs.To the hearts of a dozen people near and far at the scholars' table, Hourani's remarks penetrated and left a sevenfold strong impression from the fiery fire of hatred and the zealous war spirit of Ahmad Shukeiri, to the ridiculously bordering grotesque which brought his style.
The blind zeal and flaming hatred in Jamal Husseini and Ahmad Shukairy's words and their extremism, gave the impression that here and there in the blink of an eye they would pull knives out of the folds of their clothes and open with a real slaughter. The style of their remarks certainly did not strengthen the hands of the committee to leave the fate of the Jewish minority in their hands.
The clinging of the Arabs to the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, did not add much strength and power to them. The year was 1946. The memory of Hitler and his atrocities was still alive in the heart of everything, and aroused disgust. Thus they all found reason to flaw in the Arabs' statement that the Mufti is "their only leader who has no substitute." The bad impression due to the Arabs' adherence to the Mufti is strengthened when Crossman asks them whether the Arabs fought for democracy. Receiving a positive answer he repeatedly asked: Do you think the Nazis are a democratic movement! After being denied, Kram also intervened and posed a question on the same matter and was answered with an unreserved declaration of allegiance to the Mufti. Crossman then released the famous photograph in which the Mufti was seen surveying companies of Muslim volunteers in Serbia, who had enlisted in the Hitler Army on the Mufti's initiative. The Arabs were embarrassment.[692] This was repeated by Arab representative in UN in 1947, stating: "the Mufti is the irrefutable leader of the Holy Land Arabs."[563]
- 1946.
Glorification of cooperation with Hitler at Arab villages.
An Intelligence 1946 report: [430]Arab leaders who had fled the country during the war and cooperated with Hitler, began to return to Palestine with the full consent of the British authorities.Among those who returned were Nimr el-Hattab, Amin el-Khouri, Subhi el-Hadra, and Jamal el-Husseini. Only the Mufti himself, Haj Amin el-Husseini, was not granted an entry visa, since even the British realized that that it would be carrying the policy of appeasement to impossible lengths. It was nevertheless made possible for him to "escape" from confinement, cross the country under an assumed name, and reach Egypt, where he was taken under the protection of King Farouk. Not many days passed before the Mufti, chief inciter of the anti-Jewish riots and close friend and collaborator of Hitler, began to make his influence felt throughout the country. News reaching the intelligence section said:
"The Mufti's agents are appearing in Arab villages, making speeches, and inciting to violence." — "Cash from the Mufti's treasury in Egypt is coming in for the purchase of arms for the coming 'Holy War.'" — "The Mufti is becoming almost legendary among the Arabs. Wonderful stories are being told of his meetings with Hitler and Mussolini." — "Arabs arriving from neighboring countries tell of widespread volunteering to the Syrian army in preparation for the day when it will invade Palestine and drive out the Jews."Research:[270]
After World War II, Haj Amin was accepted as a hero in Egypt and Palestine. In 1946, Hassan al-Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, called Husseini "a hero who challenged the empire and Zionism with the help of Hitler and Germany. Germany and Hitler are no more, but Amin al-Husseini will continue the struggle." A similar attitude of admiration was shown by the Arab Supreme Council and the Palestinian People's Party, which elected him their leader in 1945. In 1948, Amin al-Husseini was the commander of the Palestinian forces during the War of Independence, whose goal was to occupy and destroy the Jewish community.
- 1946/7.
In Arabs' search for ex-Nazi officers to train units to fight the Jews, by the end of 1946, beginning of 1947, Nazi officers were "liberated" and have been smuggled into Palestine, where they were employed as instructors by "Futuwa" and "Nejada."[693]
1947-1959
1947 Palestine Partition Plan
- Nov-Dec 1947.
As the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was declared on 29 November 1947, Arab Higher Committee demanded from the British that they refrain from intervening in the violence which Arab gangs unleashed with 5 hours of the Partition plan. In its leaflet it wrote: "The Arabs have taken the final solution to the Jewish problem," The overt reference to a "final solution" - Hitler's code name for the extermination of European Jews - was not accidental, as the Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini, declared a jihad and had: Army of Sacred Jihad and the Rescue Army. Plus, as the supreme religious leader of the Palestinian Arabs, he called for the recruitment of every Arab city and village into its ranks.[694]
Pre- and duration of the 1948 war
- Boasting of Hitler "inspiration" and the "Palestine" Arab Salvation Army (ALA)
In December 1947:[695]
"The spirit of Hitler fights Zionism in Israel [Palestine]" - this is the headline of a long article that appeared today, in the Egyptian 'Al-Asas' [الأساس] close to the government. This article summarizes the decisions of the Arab prime ministers and recent developments.The very fact is that the Prime Minister of Syria - Jamil Mardam - has received a message from the Syrian millionaire Arida who bought Hitler's cruise ship, that he is making it available to the [Arab] "Salvation Army" [جيش الإنقاذ] of Palestine to help preserve the Arab shores and prevent "Zionist infiltration" to the Land of Palestine [E"Y].
The "Salvation Army" headquarters will equip the ship and will make a nucleus for the first Arab fleet.
IllustrationAn epic cartoon appeared in The New York Times, on May 16, 1948: "Not like Dachau, Is it Herr Mufti?" Mufti wears a large swastika on his back.[696]
- 1947/8.
Nazi mobilization, including former Muslim SS:
Muslim Bosnians trained by the Nazis later volunteered to fight against Israel in 1948. Some 890 volunteers from Yugoslavia and Albania were in the Middle East by April 1948, before Israel's declaration of independence on May 15, 1948.[697][541][437]Arabs feverishly recruited foreign legion: [698]
Pro-Nazi Refugees In Italy ApproachedArab agents are at present recruiting mercenaries to fight agaonst the Jews in Palestine from among the Yugoslav Ustashi and Chetniks and the Ukrainians, Albanians, Circassians (former inhabit ants of the north-western area of the Caucasus) and other groups in Italy who were on Hitler’s side during the war, and are now under the care of the International Refugee Organisation. Able-bodied men both inside and outside the IRO camps, who are between 22 and 32 years of age, and who accept the Arab terms of payment—their fares to the Middle East and maintenance of their families in exchange for their pledge to serve in the Arab forces for at least one year—are being given visas by the Governments of Egypt, Syria and Transjordan.
Where the mercenaries are of Moslem origin, they are being officially “resettled” by formal negotiations between the Governments concerned and the IRO which, however, disclaims any knowledge of what use the indivuals are put to on arriving in the Middle East.
By the beginning of 1948, Black International - an army of 30,000 veterans of fascist military forces. Some were in action already in attack against Jewish settlements, others are undergoing rapid special training in Syria.The army is composed of former Nazi soldiers, remnants of Gen. Vlassov's renegade Soviet battalion, remnants of Gen. Anders Polish army, as well as pro-Nazi Poles, Yugoslavs and Moslems whom the Mufti originally organized into a Moslem brigade to fight alongside the Germans. Furthermore, the bodies of pro-Nazi Poles have already been found among the attackers of our colonies whom we killed. What's more, the Haifa commander of the so-called Arab revolt is a German.
Commenting, source said: "These Poles, Russians, Germans and Yugoslavs... are the Arabs fighting for national liberation," he said bitterly. "Actually their cynical joy is unbounded at the double gift which has been handed them—the opportunity to butcher Jews, and get paid for it."
And a meeting of Black International was observed being held in Syria.[699] By Dec 1947, it's confirmed that various European guides, Nazi prisoners of war, former soldiers at Nazi Wehrmacht as well those in the 'Afrika Korps’, and other foreigners are already participating in the training of the Arab gangs.[211] Per a Jan 13, 1948 report, about 30 POW Nazis are participating in the battles of the Arab gangs, 15 of them as instructors in the Hebron area. Four Nazis command a gang of 200 Arabs in the Jerusalem area.[700] Three of the five Egyptian pilots who were shot down on May 22 in the Haifa area were neither Egyptians nor Arabs. They are believed to be Nazi Germans.[701]
-German advisers working with Arab troops. A letter intercepted in the fall of 1948, written by a German who was now serving the Arab cause. According to this letter, there were twenty escaped German POWs in Beirut, and most of them were "working on the Grille, the Führer's private yacht." -Nazi trained Fawzi [Fauzi] al-Qutb [فوزي نامق القطب] - had prepared the truck bomb: detonated on February 22, 1948, the 'Ben Yehuda Street bombing.'[702]
- On Jan 1, 1948:[703] Two Germans, one of them known to be a member of the Nazi Party, were killed by the Haganah.- January 1948:[704]
Nazi Experts Training Arab Combat Units. About 15 Germans who were smuggled into Palestine from Egypt by the Arab Higher Executive are training Arab combat units, according to Arab sources quoted by Haboker.
Some of them are experts in explosives , it is reported, and were selected for that reason from prisoner-of-war camps in Egypt . Contact with them was established by Arabs who served in Germany during the war.- On Jan 8, 1948, a Ukrainian Polish Nazi, Vladislav Zhidek, A.K.A. Michael Kliszczuk, was eliminated:[705]
UKRAINIAN SHOT DEAD IN CAFE Palestine Fost Staff A 37-year-old Ukrainian Pole Vladislav Zhidek, was shot dead While he was sitting in the Sichel Cafe in Ben Yehuda Road in Jerusalem about 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon. When a Red Shield ambulance arrived, the crew found Zhidek had been killed by a number of bullets in the head. He was attacked by one of two young men who walked into the cafe, fired a revolver at point-blank range and then left. A girl who was reported to be sitting with Zhidek was unhurt. Zhidek was also known as Michael Kliszczuk. Pictures found in his pockets showed him with other men near a Gestapo building decorated with swastikas. Later, it was learned that he had been shot by the Stern gang. A former SS Sturmbann-fuhrer, he had also been a high-ranking official in one of the districts of German-occupied Poland. He came to Palestine in 1941 and was arrested as a Nazi spy and was sent to Mezra, Latrun and, then Wilhelmina .
He was reportedly in contact with Arab gangs and was due to go to Syria to train Arabs. He had been employed for some time at Allenby Barracks. It was officially reported that no witnesses to the shooting had come forward.- Jan 1948, two Nazi escapees, sentenced and executed as Mufti agents:[706]
JERUSALEM (Palcor) . — Two escaped Nazi prisoners of war, one of them a former Wehrmacht officer and the other a Volksdeutsch Pole (a Pole of German descent) were executed by Haganah, Jewish defense force, in Jerusalem yesterday after they were found in possession of documents implicating them with the Mufti-controlled Palestine Arab Higher Committee. The two Nazis, wearing civilian clothes, were arrested by Haganah seouts. They were interrogated and carefully searched before being sentenced and executed as Mufti agents. Government authorities later identified them as escapees from a PW camp near Cairo.- Reported in February 1948, how Arab Agents are recruiting Pro-nazi refugees in Italy to fight against Jews:[707]
Feb. 20. (JTA) --
Arab agents are today recruiting mercenaries to fight against the Jews in Palestine from among the Yugoslav Ustashi and Chetniks and the Ukrainians, Albanians, Circassians (former inhabitants of the northwestern area of the Caucasus) and other groups here who were on Hitler’s side during the war, and are now under the care of the International Refugee Organization.
Able-bodied men, both inside and outside the I.R.O. camps, who are between 22 and 32 years of age, and who accept the Arab terms of payment–their fares to the middle East and maintenance of their families in exchange for their pledge to serve in the Arab forces for at least one year–are being given visas by the governments of Egypt, Syria and Transjordan. Where the mercenaries are of Moslem origin they are being officially "resettled" by formal negotiations between the governments concerned and the I.R.O. which, however, disclaims any knowledge of what use the individuals are put to on arriving in the Middle East.
- February 22, 1948: International News Service correspondent Kenneth Dixon wrote, how he witnessed evidence of the Palmach from papers on captured Nazis as well as German-style fighting techniques from Arab soldiers.[708]
-German advisers working with Arab troops. A letter intercepted in the fall of 1948, written by a German who was now serving the Arab cause. According to this letter, there were twenty escaped German POWs in Beirut, and most of them were "working on the Grille, the Führer's private yacht." -Nazi trained Fawzi [Fauzi] al-Qutb [فوزي نامق القطب] - had prepared the truck bomb: detonated on February 22, 1948, the 'Ben Yehuda Street bombing.'[709]
-March/1948 report: Some among non-Jewish Poles who came to Palestine during WW2 were actual Nazis, who took part in the extermination acts against the Jews, and who didn’t even speak Polish but claimed to general W. Anders to be Poles and he let them go. These experienced soldiers helped the Arabs against the Jews in 1947/8, despite being welcomed politely by the local Jews.[710]
-March 1948:[711]In March 1948, Iraqi fighters arrived in the village of Bayt Dajan to reinforce the forces of gang leader Hassan Salameh. According to the testimonies of the defenders of the JNF, they participated in repeated attacks on the compound and during the battle, orders were even heard in German. It was assumed that Nazi officers had arrived in the area after the crash of Nazi Germany. As the struggle for the road and its surroundings intensified, the British evacuated the villagers to the Arab city of Ramla during April.- April 1948, two hundred Nazi Yugoslav Moslems recruited for the Arab Liberation Forces arrive in Beirut.[712]
Nazi Fighting Forces To Support Arabs. Two hundred Yugoslav Moslems who were recruited for the Arab Liberation Forces arrived in Beirut this week on the s. s. Augustina, the Lebanese press reported yesterday.
They are former members of the Bosnia troops who were organised during the war by the Chairman of the Arab Higher Committee to fight for the Nazis in the Balkans.al-Jami'a al-Islamiyya - الجامعة الاسلامية, former announcer on the Nazi "Free Arab broadcasting station" in Athens, is broadcasting for the 'Liberation Army's' secret transmitter in Palestine, according to "Ad-Difa'a."[713]
- In April 1948, Saadie Basbusi (Basbousi بسبوسي), formerly employed at the Mufti'sA former Announcer on the Nazi "Free Arab broadcasting station" in Athens during the German occupation 8s now broadcasting for the 'Liberation Army's' secret transmitter in Palestine, according to "Ad-Difa'a." He is Saadie Basbusi.The station is directed by Ali Naser Ed-Din, a Syrian nationalist who was once employ the now defunct Husseini paper "El Jamieh el Islamieh" (Moslem Unity).
Basbusi is the chief announcer.
- July 1948 report:[714]Several hundred former members of the Nazi Prinz Eugen SS Division, recruited by Egyptian authorities in Austria as farm workers, immediately upon their arrival in Egypt Joined the Arab Legion of Transjordan and departed for the Palestine front to fight against the Jews, the Socialist newspaper Well Am Abend reported today.
The newspaper charged that Dr. Ismail Hassan, Egyptian representative in Austria, toured the U.S. zone several weeks ago and succeeded in obtaining exit visas for the several hundred, most of whom were Bosnian Moslems and held the rank of major to the Prinz Eugen Division. The disclosure of the identity of the men followed the capture of several of them by the Israeli forces, Welt Am Abend stated.- In September 1948, it was reported:[715]
Former members of Nazi Storm Troop units --from detention camps-- are being recruited for the Arab forces, according to reports in the American zone in Austria, in the Hungarian press... Three youths arrested while trying to cross the Austrian border into Hungary told the Budapest police that at their camp, No. 318, groups were being allowed to leave after signing undertaking that they would leave to Palestine to join the Arabs. They wwee also given rifle instruction in the hills near the camp.
The three youths said they had been induced to sign such an undertaking by two Hungarian officers, Col. Arno Zabosh and Captain Ziga Yozef. They left their group as it was about to leave for Palestine, they said.
At the UN, in Nov 1948, it was voiced that there were "many Nazi officers in the Arab army."[716]
- 1947-8.
Al-Husseini's 'Army of the "holy" war'.
Historians:[717] "Al-Husaini's top military commanders in the new war against the Jews—al-Qawuqji, Abd al-Qadir al-Husaini, and Salama—had all been Nazi collaborators." And "Abd al-Qadir had fought alongside the other two men on defense of Iraq's pro-Nazi regime."
- Regarding Issa Basil Bandak (عيسى باسل البندك; 1891 – May 1984) and his media 'Sawt al- Sha'b:
He defended YMMA despite its anti-Christian tendencies were supported by such conservative (and anti- SMC) leaders as Sulaiman al-Taji al-Faruqi, he had out nationalism above anything else and promoted Muslims' rights even on the expense of Christians.' [718]
In October 1933, it was announced that Eissael Bendek [Bandak], member of the Arab Executive's Administrative Bureau, would direct a propaganda campaign in the interests of the Nazi Party.[124]
Bandak inserted the Mufti's propaganda at his paper and in 1948 renewed his alliance with him.[719]
Reported in 1949-50: El-Bandak had close contacts with anti-Semites and pro -fascists (Mohamed Maher in Egypt and Merwin K. Hart in America); accepted funds from Hart; the anti-Semitic press in America has given him and his message complere exsuport.[720]
Related: In 1947, the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith cited Merwin K. Hart's National Economic Council along with Gerald L. K. Smith's Christian Nationalist Crusade and the Ku Klux Klan as organized anti-Jewish organizations... which had significant influence, resources and membership."[721]
- April 1948.
Nazis propaganda at attackers.
-At Operation Hametz April 1948, eyewitness' description at the time:[722]
Nazi poetry books are scattered on the floor, with the swastika hovering over their hair and the first verse of the Horst Wessel poem being published; Telephone wires connect the place to the various positions. On both sides of the rioters' headquarters - the ammunition room, which is full of boxes of various kinds, from which the occupiers took the spoils of war; And the Yugoslav rioters' room, which in panic had left their mats and utensils in place. A light blue and white flag now hangs on the building. In the corner of the room is a black plaque with chalk written on it: "The village of Salama was occupied by the Jews on the seventh of Pesach." The main house of the village, built in plazas, and housed in a large courtyard, belonged to a German family from Sharona. Here they found important documents, testifying to the connection that existed between the Germans in Palestine and gang leaders and the Nazis. The hand of the first enemy number one, the accursed German Nazi, stirred in the vortex of Palestine. And even today German officers stand at the head of the gangs and train them how to fight the Jews.
The information officer, who tells us about the documents, mechanically contains the book of a Nazi ideologue, in which he abolishes ... the Bible as the dust of the earth. In the same house remained tables, armchairs, chairs, pictures of Hitler and the Mufti, Arab propaganda pamphlets—, the natural fusion between the German Nazis and the local Nazis...
-On April 25, 1948, at Operation Yevusi, at the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood, a building's occupants had hastily abandoned it, and a German flag with a black swastika in the center was found.[723]
-When the forces conquered Katamon, in the south of Jerusalem, they found inside a house Nazi flags that the Arabs were provided by their Nazi friends with the Mufti's endeavor. The flags were ready for "in due course." This is how the Arabs imagined the end of the war with the Jews.[724]
- Oct 1948.
Pro-Nazi general Fawzi al-Qawuqji (who was at the pro-Nazi coup d'etat in 1941 Baghdad,[725][726] who had been in charge of broadcasting Nazi propaganda in the Arab world during Second World War II[164][727]), under his leadership/battle, in the Galilee, in a room next to a mosque built on remains of an ancient wall of a Hebrew synagogue, there was a shocking painting: an Arab battle plane with a swastika on its wings bombing a Hebrew Magen David Adom ambulance, and the wounds of the passengers bleeding: in front of the ambulance and behind it two Arab armored vehicles with large swastikas. Lethal fire was fired at the ambulance from the Arab plane.[728] [His genocidal plan was to "drive the Jews into the sea."[729]]
1950’ and on
- 1950s.
In 1960, it was revealed by a weekly popular German magazine,[730] that Eichmann helped the "Palestinian" terrorists Fedayeen with weapons.
Adolf Eichmann continued his war against Jews at the end of World War II with the help of zealous Arabs - writes the widely circulated West German weekly "Bunte Deutsche Illustrierte".The weekly illustrated publishes a message, given to his correspondent Bruno Arnold, in the Sinai desert, by "Sheikh Ahmad," whose identity has not been disclosed. "Eichmann, who exterminated more Jews than all of us together, provided us with the weapons we are fighting against Israel. We swore to die and not leave Palestine in the hands of the Jews. We will kill them wherever they are," the Sheikh said.
The weekly's correspondent adds that after the Sinai War, Fedayeen operations against Israeli farmers in the Negev decreased, but "new assassinations, on a larger scale, are being prepared." "These operations," the reporter stresses, "are organized by former Nazis who found refuge in the Near East."Eichmann's link was already noted in Dec 1956.[731] Von Leers, working for the UAR, had visited Eichmann in Buenos Aires in 1955, and stated that the Gestapo leader refused to give him information about the number of Jews who died in the concentration camps.[732]
More on the Fedayeen:Otto Remer, Nazi Officer who helped foil Anti-Hitler Plot; "active from 1950 until his death in neo-Nazi movements;" in 1994 fled to Spain to escape a 22-month jail term in Germany for inciting hate, violence and racism by publicly denying that Nazi gas chambers ever existed or that the Holocaust occurred[733] - "headed the Egyptian training program which created the fedayeen 'guerrilla fighters.'"[734][735] The Fedayeen activities up to February 1955 were sponsored by local Egyptian command posts in the Gaza Strip, in conjunction with the ex-mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husayni, then living in Cairo.[736]
Reported at the time, in 1955: "Most of them are followers of the former Mufti of Jerusalem."[737] And in 1956: "Palestinian Arabs consider him the spiritual godfather of the present Egyptian 'fedayeen' suicide squads."[738]
- 1950s.
There was a period of friendship between Ahmad Shukeiri and Hans Rechenberg, a former Wehrmacht officer who had previously served as a senior official in the Nazi Interior Ministry of Wilhelm Frick. For about ten years, Rechenberg has been working closely with François Genoud who also aided "Palestinian" terror organizations.[422]
Issa Nakhleh in his America y Oriente glorifying Nazi Germany (1950s)
Issa Nakhleh - Mufti's guy, propgating (1960s)
Issa Nakhleh's letter to Canadian Fuhrer Adrien Arcand (1963)
Issa Nakhleh denies the Holocaust 1972
Issa Nakhleh blaming the Jews in Germany (1972)
Issa Nakhleh advocates for Holocaust denier (1982)
- 1950s, 1972, 1980s
Issa Nakhleh:
Palestine born Arab Issa Nakhleh, Mufti linked,[739] was part of emissaries [teamed with Nazi collaborator[440] Akram Zuaiter] to Latin America, "Arab propagandists appealed to anti-Semitic sentiments to raise sympathy for their cause" - sent by Arab League programs which began in 1947.[740]- He glorified the Hitler regime, in the 1950s through his publication in Argentina.[741]
[At the time, Nov 1953, he invited Ahmad Shukeiri for propaganda and fund raising in S. America.[742] (That would be some 8 years before Shukeiri would endorse the Neo-Nazi Tacuara from that country Argentina, at the UN).].
- At those years, Nazi-Arab cooperation in South America grew dangerously. One of the most important centers for the publication of pro-Nazi newspapers and antisemitic literature were there in Argentina. But also in many other Latin American countries.[743]
- Under his activity in the "Palestinian delegation", its postage meter was used to mail material for neo-Nazi advertising that had previously carried the headline: "Adolf Hitler: the George Washington of Europe."[744]
- Long articles by the "delegation" have been reprinted in Common Sense, The Cross and the Flag. The 'Palestine Arab Delegation' also maintained relations with the Neo-Nazi National Renaissance Party.[744]
- On December 30, 1963, Nakhleh wrote to infamous fascist "Canadian Fuhrer" Adrien Arcand.[745] Oblivious, or unaware, this Arcand referred in derogatory terms to Arab Palestinian restaurants.[746]
- Nakhleh was featured speaker at the March 7, 1969 Arab propaganda meeting, Invitations to the meeting were sent to persons on the mailing lists of prominent neo Nazis, supremacists.[739]
- In March 1971, Nakhleh peddled a so-called Jewish supposed "plot" at a meeting.[747]
- As head of 'Palestine Arab Delegation,' on Nov 14, 1972 Nakhleh denied the Holocaust, flat out, publicly.[748] In his cruelty also to hurt millions of survivors just 27 years after, he uttered the words "the millions are alive."[749]
- He worked with Neo Nazis and revisionists in the 1980s[750][751] including as: "Legal Adviser to the World Muslim Conference."[752][753][754]
- At a convention of the Federation of Islamic Associations in the United States and Canada Inc. (FIA), on July 29, 1984 in Detroit, Hajji Abdullah Ahmad of Philadelphia distributed literature denying that six million Jews were killed during the Holocaust. Nakhleh delivered a speech in which he praised the anti-Semitic father Charles Coughlin (1891-1979) who worked in the area as well as the anti-Semitic propaganda that Henry Ford distributed there in his anti-Semitic book. (Lamented the few participants in the conference and the lack of members of Congress compared to what happens at conferences of Israeli supporters). He praised Farrakhan.[755]
- 1957.
Swastika by some Arabs in Nazareth, influenced by and against the backdrop of Nasser's threat to annihilate Israel. (It appears, this was not out in the open).[756]
- Jan 1959.
Desecration of Jewish holy sites. Rachel's Tomb covered also with swastikas.[757] [758]
- Oct 1959.
Arab drawing swastikas in Haifa, fined.[759]
1959-1999+
- 1959-1960.
In the late 1959 and early 1960, the eruption of anti-Jewish vandalism is known as the swastika wave or epidemic. It began in Cologne. A Jan 1960 report elaborated on United Arab Republic with help from Communists in East Germany were behind swastikas in Cologne. Mufti's disciple who converged to Islam, Von Leers, is a chief instigator. It is believed also that the UAR helps out in Nazi hate activity in the US.[617][760][761]
The Ex-mufti brought Von Leers to Egypt, German Authorities believed.[762] Goebbels' Johannes “Omar Amin” von Leers (d. 1965), was a Nazi disciple of Hajj Amin el-Husseini.[763][618]
- 1960.
Alarm at a growing phenomenon by certain circles of Arabs in Israel caught up in Nazi ideology. Some publicly express their sorrow that the Nazis did not turn all the Jews into soap.[764]
- 1960s.
"Palestinian" Arab, Antoine F. Albina in contact with notorious top Swedish Nazi Einar Gustav Wilhelm Aberg[638] and has been recycling his poisonous material.[765]
- Mar 5, 1965.
The Palestinian delegation in New York, (Issa Nakhleh and others) put out a statement blaming the Jews, who it claims started [sic. Supposedly] Hitler's war; it doubts the Holocaust calling it "alleged," then the message compared this number to 45 million non-Jews whose lives were cut short, blurring between peoples who fought and defenseless Jews who were slaughtered.[766][767]
- 1960s-1970s.
Nazi link with “Palestinian” terrorists.
François Genoud [Genaud] was one of the founders of the Nazi party in Switzerland during the Hitler era; ally of Ibrahim Hafid - commander of the Arab Legion who fought in the service of Hitler. Motivated by Jew-hatred he became a passionate supporter of Arab "liberation" causes.[768]He travelled to Berlin frequently during the war "to see his friend the grand mufti," and visited him afterward many times in Beirut, who'd consider him a "confidant until his death in 1974,"[189] and an Arab of Tunisian descent, Ibrahim Hafid, who was the commander of the Arab Legion fighting in the service of the Germans.[768][769]
After the war, his close contact was Ibrahim Hafid's man, Abdul Yousufi. Genaud was very active in Die Spinne (German for "The Spider")[768] helping Nazi war criminals escape justice. The "Arab Commercial Bank" - mostly of a dubious and illegal nature - was established by: François Genoud in partnership with Hans Reichenberg - former S.S. Officers - and with various factors in the Arab world. Genoud began to finance in Switzerland the activities of the "Friends of the Palestinians Organization" founded in Lausanne by neo-Nazi circles who saw helping the Palestinians as a way of expressing their anti-Jewish feelings.[768] In the 1960s he began supplying arms for various "Palestinian" causes. His co founded Lausanne-based New European Order organisation, met in Barcelona in April 1969, there "Palestinian" groups received financial support and Genoud placed them in contact with former Nazis who would assist their military training, as well as pledged support designated for the PLO.
Genoud was a close associate of George Habash and Jacques Vergès. In September 1969 he contributed finances for the legal expenses of three Palestinians from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) following their attack on an El Al flight in Zurich, present at trial.[770][768] Including among the prisoners to be exchanged for the Achille Lauro hostages was one of West Germany's top neo Nazis.[770]
George Habbash was also close with former Belgian Nazi collaborator Jean Thiriart.[771] He gave money to Thiriart's publication La Nation Européenne, which in return supported Habbash in this magazine. Pro-Arab and anti-Jewish themes were explicit in La Nation Européenne, which included ads for The International Jew, the infamous anti-Semitic screed by Henry Ford. La Nation Européenne also eulogized Roger Courdroy, a Belgian Waffen SS veteran who was killed fighting for the Palestinians in June 1968. Courdroy was a close collaborator with Thiriart.
German Wehrmacht officer in World War II, Otto Ernst Remer was in contact with Yasser Arafat, "I know Mr. Arafat quite well, natürlich," he asserted. "I saw him many times. He invited me to eat at his headquarters. I knew all his people. They wanted many things from us." For Remer, anyone who was an enemy of Israel was his friend, particularly when a profit could be turned. He claimed to have brokered several business deals between West German companies and the PLO.[772]
-The W German neo-Nazi Karl von Kyna, fighting for "Palestinians" against Israel, fell in a commando raid on the Suez front in September 1967.[611]
-A handful of W Germans subsequently joined the Hilfskorp Arabien (Auxiliary Corps Arabia), which had been advertised in Gerhard Frey's Deutsche National-Zeitung in 1968.
-Two years later, West German police arrested Udo Albrecht, founder and leader of the Freikorps Adolf Hitler, who was founded carrying an identification card linking him to El Fatah, the largest PLO faction, led by Yasser Arafat. Albrecht and twelve other neo-Nazi militants had fought alongside the Palestinians against Jordan's King Hussein during the battle of Black September, 1970.[772][773][774]
Albrecht, who boasted of direct access to PLO Chairman Yasir Arafat, is believed to have used PLO facilities in Lebanon to train West German neo-Nazis.[775] An alarming report was given over already in March 1970: Nazis and neo-Nazis aid "Front for the Liberation of Palestine" operations.[776]
-Per report in April 1969:[777] Fatah terrorists conducted training camps in the Venezuelan mountains, where young people are training in urban guerrilla warfare. The terrorists are in contact with former Nazis living in Venezuela.
-In 1977 Fatah made a deal with the French Work (L'Oeuvre Francaise), a neo-Nazi group, to train its members in terrorist operations on behalf of Fatah.[778][779]
-It has been confirmed that an unspecified number of German neo-Nazis received PLO military training in an Al Fatah camp near Beirut and that this information had been available to West German authorities since the start of 1980.[780]
-Karl-Heinz Hoffmann, "Fuherer" of the neo-Nazi Military Sports Group,[781] his links with Palestinian terror.[782] The link was publicized at the trial of Karl-Heinz Hoffmann responsible for the Dec 19, 1980 murder of Jewish publisher Shlomo Lewin and his friend.[783][784][785]
- Jan 8, 1960.
Arabs draw swastika on the office of the m. Governor in Gush Halav.[786]
- April-Oct 1961.
Some of Arab "Palestinian" press reaction to the Eichmann trial:
- April 1961.
Al-Jihad Daily, (in the old City of Jerusalem, at the time under Jordanian occupation - Same owner as The Jerusalem Times[787] - goaded the Christians to pit against the Jews): "In the person of Eichmann the Jews are not trying Nazi Germany alone, but also the Christian world. They will try Eichmann on the soil which they usurped 13 years ago with their own crimes. If the Jewish authorities have the right to try Eichmann, the Arabs have more right to try Ben-Gurion and his gang..."[788]
- April 13, 1961:
The Ad-Difaa (al-Difa) [الدفاع], (Islamic "Palestinian," in the old City of Jerusalem, at the time under Jordanian occupation[787]) newspaper, wrote on April 13th: "We do not deny that the Nazis committed many mistakes... But why should Eichmann be judged for his part in having purged Europe from the plague (sic) whose name is (sic. Al-Difaa) the Jews?"[789]
- April 24, 1961: The Arab "Palestinian" Jerusalem Times (in the old City of Jerusalem, at the time under Jordanian occupation - Same owner as al-Jihad[787]) published an "Open Letter to Eichmann," in it: "Find consolation in the fact that this trial will one day lead to the liquidation of the remaining six million."[790][791]
- April 1961:
The magazine Al-Difaa [الدفاع], "explains" why Eichmann is in a glass cage. This is not to protect him from bullets, but to enable them to turn off the microphone, should he start saying things the Zionists "do not like."[792]
- Oct 17, 1961:
Ahmad Shukeiri, in his duatribe at UN, objected to the trial.[793][794](See also Arab reactions to the Eichmann trial).
- October 1961.
The Palestine Liberation Delegation - PAD, under Issa Nakhleh and Omar Azouni,[795] sent to all U.N. delegations a formal statement by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem declaring: "The enmity of Nazis to Jews was based [sic] on well-documented research and studies..."[796][797]
- May 1962.
Arab from the village of Deir al-Asad, employed as a mechanic drew swastikas on the main road between Haifa and Acre. He tried to claim he drew chickens. However, photos presented by the prosecution showed the "chicken" were in fact swastikas.[798]
- Nov 30, 1962.
Ahmad Shuekiri [Al-Shukairy, Shukairy, shuqayri] has spread vile Nazi type of propaganda at the UN[423] and on November 30, 1962 had promoted neo-Nazi stormtroop gang[424][425][426][428][799][635][10] who guarded monsters: Adolf Eichmann, 'Dr. Death' - J. Mengele,[429] and months earlier, had kidnapped, tortured a 19-year-old Jewish girl and carved swastika on her body,[800][801] telling her it was avenge for eliminating Eichmann.[802] After being called out by Latin American officials, realizing there is shame in the UN that, he tried to rewrite his action to switch it around. But no one bought his act. His hateful record was already witnessed and his mentioning the NYT article,[424] there the NYT clearly states the gang's nazi nature.[803] Weeks after the storm about it, Saudi Arabia's Faisal removed Shukairy from his UN post.[804][805][427]
- 1963.
Two Haifa area Arabs were arrested, suspects in painting swastikas on the walls of houses in the Jezreelia housing complex in Neve Sha'anan.[806]
- Sep 1963.
Young Arab arrested for drawing swastikas on houses in Bnei Brak.[807]
- June 1964.
After a dispute between a Haifa resident and an Arab (23) from Nazareth, the Arab began with derogatory cries against the Jewish people accompanied by shouts of "Heil Hitler," at the street Shivat Tzion in Haifa, where many Holocaust survivors resided.[808]
- May 1965.
After the Syrians hanged Eli Cohen, Arabs drew swastikas in Tarshiha.[809]
- 1965.
A Jewish girl fell victim of violence by Arabs from Tarshiha who drew swastikas on the window of a Kupat Cholim clinic where she worked. She reported this to the police and since then she has been harassed and more than once threatened with death.[810]
- 1966/7.
Pre 1967 war, at schools in Khan Yunis, Gaza, Nazi propaganda version: An Arab soldier in a German steel helmet breaks into Israeli territory. Dubbed ‘Hate schools.’[811]
- 1968-1970s.
Once Arafat became head of the PLO in 1968, he continued the mufti's methods and approach. ‘Mein Kampf’ was required reading in some Fatah training camps.[607] - Arafat characteristically bought Hitler's Mein Kampf in bulk and distributed it to his followers in Arab translation under the title My jihad.[812] - In 1978, an Arabic translation of Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf" with a foreword by Yasir Arafat, chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization, fount at Fatah facilities in Lebanon.[813][814]
- 1972.
PLO's code-named "Hitler" - in operation of murdering 13 Arabs who cooperated with the Israelis.[815]
- 1972.
Neo-Nazi, Willi Pohl, aided Palestinian perpetrators of 1972 Munich massacre.[816] There was a further Neo Nazis plan proposed to kidnap German politicians in an operation code named “Mosque.” [817]
1973-2009. The racist Islamic Movement's inciting Sheikh Raed Salah who also made references to the medieval blood-libel,[818] reminisced about a 1973 highschool swastika drawing. While laughing he was telling the story of the drawing a big swastika on the board to await the one Jewish teacher he had. As the teacher didn't noticed it at first, the students directed the teacher to the board and to see his response.[819]
[Related on Raed Salah:
-In June 2002, Salah dehumainzed using his religion, wrote about "loser monkeys" "condemned" by Allah.
-On February 16, 2007, he recycled the ancient canard ritual blood-lible.[820]
-Though he did not utterly deny the Holocaust, he intentionally belittled it, including by inventing a similar specific figure on something else.[821]]
- Nov 1974.
At Arab demonstrations for PLO, at Qalandiya, a flag was raised embracing a swastika.[822]
- Apr 1976.
Erwin Schönborn, founder of the ‘German-Arab community’ in Heidelberg and editor of ‘Nation Europa,’ the leading West German neo-Nazi publication. Under the guise of anti-imperialism, he sang the praises of nonaligned movements in the Third World. Typical was this spiel by him.[621] In the 1950s' was West Berlin’s most active Jew-baiter. In 1956 had issued a call for formation of a "German-Arab Community" the purpose of which will be the "coordination of the political battles for freedom of the German people and of the Arab nations."[823]
He was chairman of various neo-Nazi splinter groups and of a 'German-Arab Society.'[620]
In Feb 1976, in a report titled 'Nazis incite in Arabic,' it was reported that Erwin Schoenborn distributed to attendees of Innsbruck 1976 Winter Olympics, leaflets in 8 languages but the first was in Arabic, denying the Holocaust, protesting hunting former Nazis and announcing on upcoming so-called "Euro-Arab sympathy conference" setting a certain date "to mark the anniversary" of a Palestinian-Arab battle pre State of Israel in April.[619]
He publicly, repeatedly, denied the Holocaust. In 1979, he was sentenced to 18 months' jail for defamation, libel and coercion arising from his propaganda attacks against trials of former Nazis.[824]
- 1976.
On Jerusalem campus, at days of clashes between Arab and Jewish students, candles lit in memory of the victims of the Holocaust were removed, on Holocaust and Heroism Memorial Day, Swastikas were drawn in different places in the dormitories, and as well as on the door of the dormitory manager's room.[825]
- July-1976.
The horrific separation between Jews and non-Jews at "Palestinian" hijacking July 1976, Entebee,[826][827] was so outrageous that it prompted Hans-Joachim Klein to abandon RZ (Revolutionary Cells) as this reminded WW2.[828] Though nothing can really compare to unique Auschwitz. But the separation brought up associations to when the trains left.[828] True, the separating Jews from others was a pattern at PFLP, in this case it stood out even more, Arabs using Germans to help in that.
Related on PFLP separating Jews from non-Jews:
-El Al Flight 426 hijacking - July 23, 1968.[829]
-El Al Flight 253 attack - Dec 26, 1968, Athens.[830]
-Dawson's Field hijackings, September 1970.[831][832][833][834]
- 1977.
Arafat's Fatah made a deal with the French Work (L'Oeuvre Francaise), a neo-Nazi group, to train its members in terrorist operations. L'Oeuvre Francaise agreed to conduct terrorist operations on behalf of Fatah.[835][836]
- Sep 26, 1980.
Links between PLO and Neo Nazi group seen at the 1980 Oktoberfest bombing in Germany.[837][773]
- Dec 19, 1980.
Neo-Nazi murder of Shlomo Lewin and his friend,[773] in order to impress Palestinian associates, partners - training together.[783]
Hoffmann's girlfriend, Franziska Birkmannis, is accused of being an accessory to the killings, which are alleged to have been carried out by a now dead member of Hoffmann's group to 'impress' Hoffmann's Palestinian associates.
- May-June 1980.
Slogans and abusive graffiti were painted, such as "Death to the J--s," and even swastikas on the walls and windows of the Technion buildings in Haifa. On May 19, it was discussed in Knesset.[838]
On June 4th, some 150 Arab students marched through the university buildings, interrupted lectures and chanted slogans. Three days later, a swastika and the words "Death to the J..s" were painted on the doors of the Technion buildings.
- 1981-2.
An Arabic translated versions of Hitler’s "Mein Kampf" being sold clandestinely in Cairo suburbs. The inscription, signed by the "Vanguards of the Palestine Revolution," warned Egyptians not to continue the peace process as their Israeli partners were "subhuman [sic] Marxist-spreading capitalist, exploiters.”[779]
- Early 1980s
At the PLO headquarters, found at drawer, a pistol Parabellum (Luger). The eagle and the swastika were stamped on the pistol.[839]
- 1982.
A picture of Arafat and the Nazi swastika are among the wall decorations of a room in the UNRWA school in Siblin (Seblin) - South Lebanon, which was turned into a terrorist training center by the PLO.[840][841]
- 1983 / 2013.
Abu Mazen, at the age of 48, has a book out, where he has his own "theories" out about the Holocaust and who he blames, including his denial of the numbers.[842][843] It's full of "bizarre and sickening Nazi-type conspiracy theories,"[660] trending, propagandistic and saturated with antisemitic messages, one by one reminiscent of Adolf Eichmann's venomous propaganda.[844][489] He reiterated his nonsense in Jan 2013 in interview to the Lebanese Iran/Hezbollah’s allied Television station Al Mayadeen.[845]
- Apr 1985.
In 1985, at a conference marking the thirtieth anniversary of the Bandung Conference, Arafat praised the Mufti and paid him great respect, saying he would be endlessly proud following in his footsteps; he stressed that the PLO continues to follow the path paved by the Mufti.[846]
- 1985.
The 25 September 1985 "Palestinian " Arafat's Fatah's Force-17 attackers of a group of Israeli tourists in Cyprus, included an open neo-Nazi. [847][848]
- Oct 1985.
Swastikas and slogans — “We're all PLO , all Palestinians, Jews out” – were painted on the doors of Jewish-owned shops in the Old City of Acre.[849]
- 1987.
Arab nationalist graffiti and the drawing of swastikas on machines have become routine at shoe factory. "$100,000 in damage was caused," as a result of systematically and permanently damaging the machines and equipment. About 100 suspected Arab workers were let go.[850]
- Jan 1988.
Swastikas and PLO flags on Jewish shops in Acre old city.[851]
- Jan-Mar 1988.
Two incidents of swastikas drawing in an Arab school. In Jan, the identity of the Arab student was known.[852]
- Feb 1988.
After incitement, swastikas and abusive graffiti on the walls as well as waving PLO. [853]
- Mar 1988.
Dozens of swastikas were discovered in the toilets, in the general exhibition of Safed artists.[854]
- April 1988.
A swastika and PLO slogans were painted at the tomb of Yehoshua Ben-Nun in the village of Kifl Haris near Ariel.[855]
- Apr 23, 1988
At Arab disturbances, a painting of a swastika was discovered on the remains of the ancient synagogue in Shefar'am.[856][857]
- April 29, 1988.
Abu Iyad [Salah Khalaf صلاح مصباح خلف] trivializes the Holocaust.[858]
- June 18, 1988.
Intifadah days, Arabs set fire to a kiosk on the corner of Allenby and Yona Hanavi streets in Tel Aviv. The kiosk, belonging to Bnei Avishav, burned down completely. Police investigators discovered an Arabic inscription in the kiosk, which read: "Abu Jihad is dead. We are all a Palestinian struggle. We will burn the Jews." Next to the inscription was a drawing of a swastika and next to it was inscribed the name Hitler.[859]
- June 1988.
At a wave of graffiti in support for PLO and against the State, about 20 swastikas were once again painted yesterday with black spray on walls in Tel Aviv, in Jaffa and Bat Yam, as well as on cars.[860]
- July 20, 1988.
Abusive graffiti and swastikas appeared all over Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area.[861][862]
- Aug 13, 1988.
Six residents of Kiryat Moshe in Jerusalem complained that of engraved swastikas on their cars. (Days of Arab raging intifadah).[863]
- Aug 18, 1988.
At a string of Arab intifadah violence, also swastikas were discovered in several places in Tel Aviv and Gush Dan, on sidewalks and house walls.[864]
- Aug 17, 1988.
About 15 swastikas were discovered on the sidewalks on Sharett, Zeitlin, Leonardo da Vinci, Emanuel, Ibn Gvirol and more streets. In one place it read "Arafat in power, the PLO security forces." Swastikas were also discovered on Hamtun Street in front of the Herzliya Gymnasium and on King David Boulevard in front of Ichilov Hospital. All linked to the events of the intifada.[865]
- Aug 21, 1988.
During Arab riots, swastikas were painted and abusive graffiti was written on walls in Tel Aviv.[866]
- Aug 30, 1988.
The Halle memorial monument (Monument in Netiv HaLamed-Heh, Israel), desecrated with swastikas and the PLO flag, as well as on the tombstone for French Jews who perished in the Holocaust near Moshav Rogalit. Swastikas and PLO Inscriptions in English were also drawn along a direction sign on the way from Gush Etzion to the Elah Valley.[867]
- Oct 11, 1988.
Among a series of sabotage, for months, at hospital by Arab workers, also insults and drawing of swastikas in public toilets. The sabotage includes the insertion of urine into a bottle that was intended to be injected into one of the patients, which could have killed him.[859]
- Dec 8, 1988.
Around intifada anniversary. Two Arab residents of Ramallah were arrested yesterday by the Rishon LeZion police after drawing swastikas on about 20 cars in the city. They drew the crosses on the dew formed on the cars.[868]
- Dec 1988.
In the village of Tarshiha in the Galilee, three swastikas were painted in black on the front of a Jewish owned shop. Around the anniversary of the (first) intifada.[869]
- Jan 1989.
Slogans in the Arab village of Daburiyya: "Death to J-ws and traitors." Slogans: "Long Live [sic] Hitler" and "Death to the Dogs" were painted in Ma'alot.[870]
- May 1989.
On May 12, 1989, on a construction site in Jatt, six PLO flags, spray-painted and swastikas, were discovered, as a hostile organization of young Arabs from the village of Jatt in Wadi Ara was exposed.[871]
- May 1989.
A group of Arabs drew abusive graffiti and swastikas, threw stones and waved PLO flags in an area in Haifa.[872]
- May 1989.
Arab terrorists placed, at the entrance of Har Bracha, an explosive device attached to an Israeli flag that they had damaged by painting a swastika. It severely injured a resident when he tried to pull off the flag.[873]
- June 1989.
On the night between June 12-13 1989: At the entrance to the village of I'billin (إعبلين), in the Western Galilee, slogans were painted l with black spray paint condemning the state and "Palestine of the Arabs" and a number of swastikas.[874]
- June 1989.
4 Arab youths from Baqa al-Gharbiyye (باقة الغربية) arrested as suspects in desecrating gravestones in the cemetery in Moshav Maor in the Iron District. PLO flags, swastikas and abusive graffiti were painted on the tombstones. On one of the tombs is written in Hebrew, "Death [sic] to all the Jews."[875]
- June 1989.
In a July 2, 1989 report about a wide 'Intifada in the hospitals,' on sabotage at hospitals by Arabs, there were also swastikas drawing on public restrooms in Haifa. [876]
- Nov 1989.
Against the backdrop of violence by Arabs on nationalist background, swastikas were discovered on the walls of villas being built in the Neve Nof neighborhood of Lod.[877]
- 1990s-2000s.
School books.
In 2001, a German MEP has reignited the controversy over European funding for anti-Semitic textbooks used in Palestinian schools by comparing them to Nazi propaganda.[878] "These school books remind me of those published under the Nazi regime in 1930s Germany," he said. “They contain terrible anti-Jewish racism, not just in history books, but also in grammar and maths books." Adding that "when the children of six or seven years learn today that their enemy is the Jews, then you will have the conflict continuing for another 50 years."
- May 22, 1990.
At Kfar Qasim, young Arabs, bare upper bodies, and heads wrapped in keffiyehs كوفية, throwing stones at policemen who were standing about 200 meters away. "Maniacs." The protesters shouted, "We'll fu_ck you! Hitler! where is Hitler? "[879]
- May 21-23 1990.
Seen on May 21, 1990.
A swastika and slogans in support of the PLO on a wall (in a building near Ahad Ha'am Street, 15), in Haifa.[880]-After Arab demonstrations in Haifa, PLO flags in Wadi Nisnas and on the Al-Pasha Club in downtown. The neighborhoods of the Carmel were painted swastikas.[881]
In the Negev:[882]
- May 1990.
The secretary of the Communist Council in Rahat, 33-year-old Ali Abu Ziyad, and 24-year-old Salem Abu Mdiam, were arrested for a week by order of the Be'er Sheva Magistrate's Court. They are suspected of painting Palestinian inscriptions, a swastika and a PLO flag on the walls of the Barclays-Discount Bank in Rahat.
- July 1990.
The PLO-affiliated Palestinian Red Crescent published an article in its magazine, Balsam, which advanced the now de rigueur claim that Jews [sic] concocted "the lie [sic] concerning the gas chambers" to gain support for the establishment of Israel. The article also suggested that the Nuremberg trials of Nazi war criminals were set up by "Jews and their friends" for the purpose of establishing the Holocaust as historical fact. In addition, similar articles appeared in the Cyprus-based PLO journal, El Istiqlal.[883]
- 1990+.
Neo-Nazis linked Holocaust denier group. IHR Joint efforts with Arab and Moslem forces reached a peak in the 90's. In 1990, the PLO weekly Al-Istiqlal, printed in Cyprus, published an article by Khaled El-Chamali an "expert [sic] on Crematoria." [خالد الشمالي].[884][885]
- Summer-1994.
"Palestinian" American, Nihad Awad, prior to heading CAIR, at IAP (Islamic Association for Palestine) propaganda group he where he served as 'public relations director,' in 1994, it published and distributed a monograph referred to by Fingerhut, a shockingly anti-Semitic pamphlet containing the work of a noted Holocaust denier, bearing the group’s logo on its cover.[886]
- 1995.
In the 1999s, Ranat Eshkol neighborhood in Lod became predominantly Arab, as a Jewish family moved, they described: "after we moved [in], they spray-painted a swastika on the ceiling of the foyer of the building, broke the mezuzah and tried to break into the apartment."[887]
- Aug 1995.
In the closing ceremony of a "police course" (that is, the future army nucleus), which was held in Jericho in August 1995, the graduates swore with (Nazi salute) raising hand.[671][888]
- Early 1996.
The Palestinians established youth camps, "which are under the model of the Nazi youth organization Hitler Yugend, which provide a well-planned mixture of Ideological indoctrination and military training for thousands of young Palestinians every year."[889][890]
- 1996 +.
With Palestinian Authority taking over control of areas, holy places became frequent target for desecration. Swastikas were painted on the tombstones, abusive slogans and nationalist inscriptions were written, PLO flags were hoisted and even tombstones smashed.[891]
Author in 2000:[892]Systematic desecration of .. Jewish holy places, especially graves, became a routine practice that continues to this day, especially in places adjacent to Arab neighborhoods or settlements: smashing tombstones, painting swastikas, nationalist inscriptions and hateful slogans, and waving PLO flags.
*1997.
Feb-13, Aug-25 on official PA TV, Sep-3 - in official PA Newspaper - Holocaust denial. [893]
- May 10, 1997.
Yasir Arafat belittled the Holocaust.[894]
- Aug 25, 1997.
Hassan al-Agha, professor at the Islamic University in Gaza City, declared on a PA cultural affairs television program spewed that "they inflate the number if victins," and mixed in the "Merchant of Venice" imaginary Idea.[895][896]
- Sep 3, 1997.
A featured article in the official Palestine Authority newspaper Al-Hayat al-Jadida [الحياة الجديدة], by Palestinian author Nabil Salam, referred to the Holocaust as the "forged [sic] claims of the Zionists regarding the alleged [sic] acts of slaughter perpetrated against the Jews."[897][898]
- Jul 2, 1998.
A rambling of a salad: denial of the Holocaust mixed with self contradictory of pinning on the Jews in the largest daily in the Palestinian Authority, Al-Hayat Al-Jadida.[899][900][897][901]
- Dec 6, 1998.
A highlighted twisted indoctrination and inciting feature at the official Palestinian Authority. The view of Hitler and more:
.... example, from the Palestinian daily Al-Hayat al-Jadida from 1998, presents Zionism as a European defense program designed to get rid of the presence of Jews in Europe. According to the researchers, this historical "fact" is part of the official curriculum in the PA.
The section from the newspaper compares Hitler to Balfour: "The difference between the two was simple: the first (Hitler) had no colonies to send the Jews to, so he destroyed them, while Balfour made Palestine one of his colonies and sent the Jews there. Balfour is Hitler of the colonies, while Hitler is Balfour without colonies. Both wanted to get rid of the Jews ... Zionism was critical to defending the interests of the West in the region, while Europe got rid of its Jewish burden."[902][903]
- 1999.
The Palestinian Media Watch (PMW) reported on a crossword puzzle defining Israel's official memorial to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, Yad Vashem, as a "Jewish center for commemorating the Holocaust and the Lies." [sic]. The report led to widespread international condemnation of the PA.[904]
- June 1999.
Hebron: Desecration of holy Jewish books, swastikas, and inscriptions in Arabic threats against Jews.[905]
- May 3, 1999.
Gas chamber denial in the Palestinian Media.[906]
- 1999+.
Mein Kampf was rated 6th on the best-seller list among Palestinians in a survey conducted and reported in PA daily Al-Hayat Al-Jadida.[907]
Hitler's Mein Kampf In East Jerusalem And PA Territories began to appear in 1999. The book, previously banned by Israel, has been allowed by the PA and is sixth on the Palestinian best-seller list.[908][909] Book was a hit as soon as it was published - in 2000 the fifth edition was printed.[579] In 2015, it was pictured being sold on Ramallah streets.[910] Arafat had encouraged the publication of Mein Kampf in Ramallah.[911]2000s
Nazism at Arab Palestinians: 2000s
See also
References
- ↑ Dan Williams, "Survey finds 28 pct of Israeli Arabs deny Holocaust," Reuters, Mar 20, 2007.
- ↑ "Israeli Arabs between Palestinanization and Islamism." Barak M. Seener, JCPA, 1 January 2008 [1].
Fadi Eradat, "Poll: Over 25% of Israeli Arabs Say Holocaust Never Happened," Haaretz and AP, March 18, 2007.
With 721 Arabs interviewed, the margin of error is 3.7 percent.- ↑ Moran Katz, "40 percent of Israeli Arabs: (as if) never happened," Mako, May 17, 2009.
A significant radicalization of the attitudes of Israel's Arabs: a new study conducted at the University of Haifa shows that denial of the Holocaust is very widespread, it turns out, even among the country's Arab citizens. Fewer and fewer of Israel's Arabs recognize the state's right to exist as an independent state, only 41% of Israel's Arabs recognize Israel's right to exist as a Jewish state.-Fadi Eyadat, "Poll: 40% of Israeli Arabs believe Holocaust never happened", Haaretz May 17, 2009.Survey also finds that only 41% of Israeli Arabs recognize Israel's right to exist as Jewish state.- ↑ ADL. / Global 100.
West Bank and Gaza 2020:
93% Index Score, 93%. 1,900,000 People in this country harbor anti-Semitic attitudes.
2,030,259 Adult population.- ↑ Palestinian Holocaust Denial, Washington Institute, Apr 21, 2000.
- ↑ Seif Husseini, Emily Schrader, Holocaust Denial in the Arab World, JPost, May 9, 2018
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 search at PalWatch
- ↑ David Israel, Jason Greenblatt: PLO Official Rajoub Must Apologize to Jewish Holocaust Survivors, JP, Feb 22, 2019.
On Thursday night, Jason Greenblatt, President Donald Trump’s Special Representative for International Negotiations tweeted: “Jibril Rajoub, a Senior Fatah Palestinian official says: ‘Since the 1967 [war], we have been living in camps similar to Nazi camps…’ My reply: Those Jews who were slaughtered in the Nazi death camps & those who survived actual Nazi camps, deserve an apology for this outrageous comment” “There is no comparison whatsoever,” Greenblatt added. “The shamefulness of his rhetoric is only eclipsed by the deafening silence resulting from the lack of condemnation from the PA and from others.”- ↑ Martin Kramer, "Gaza Equals..." Aug 26, 2014. [2] [3].
... British novelist Howard Jacobson explained [4] why “call[ing] the Israelis Nazis and liken[ing] Gaza to the Warsaw Ghetto” goes far beyond mere “criticism” of Israel: Berating Jews with their own history, disinheriting them of pity, as though pity is negotiable or has a sell-by date, is the latest species of Holocaust denial. . . . Instead of saying the Holocaust didn’t happen, the modern sophisticated denier accepts the event in all its terrible enormity, only to accuse the Jews of trying to profit from it, either in the form of moral blackmail or downright territorial theft. According to this thinking, the Jews have betrayed the Holocaust and become unworthy of it, the true heirs to their suffering being the Palestinians.
No Auschwitz or Warsaw ghetto for Abu El-Haj. But Dresden and Tokyo—why not? So what if Israel, unlike the Allies in World War II, warns civilians of impending strikes and, again unlike the Allies, eschews area bombardment and incendiary bombs? So what if one night of bombing over Tokyo killed 50 times as many as Israel’s month-long campaign in Gaza? When you see four boys dead on a Gaza beach, Abu El-Haj wants you to “recall,” with her, the 40,000 civilians killed in Hamburg. (Sorry, the actual figure was 42,000—but what’s another 2,000 here or there? Either way, the entire toll in Gaza fits into the margin of error of one firebombing in World War II.) Might the Israelis, in their targeting, ever commit something as human as a mistake, even a negligent one? No, they’re far too inhuman for that: when they kill, it’s always “premeditated.” “Nothing Unintentional” is the delicate title of Abu El-Haj’s article, which might as well have been called “Baby-Killers.”
There is such a thing as legitimate criticism of Israel, and there is such a thing as crossing the line into demonization and, to put it plainly, Jew-baiting. The analogies spewed by Columbia’s tenured professors are of the latter kind, and are obscene. Jew-baiting covers a wider range than anti-Semitism, and Holocaust inversion is its favorite technique. Jew-baiting is the demand that Israel and its supporters explain [5] why Gaza isn’t like a Nazi extermination camp or a starved ghetto for the doomed, or why a targeted air campaign isn’t just like the incineration of Dresden.- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Canadian Jewish review, January 4, 1963, page 1.
Israel At U. N. Says Arabs Link with Nazis in Anti-Semitism.
Israel accused Arab representatives of cooperating with Neo Nazi and Fascist groups in the United States, Latin America and elsewhere, to exploit Anti-Semitism as a political weapon. The charges by Michael S. Comay, Israel's parliament representative were made in reply to United Arab speeches... "It would be a sad day for the United Nations if it were to become indifferent or insensitive to any renewal of the Nazi spirit," he said... Mr. Comay's strongest protests were leveled at speeches by Ahmad Shuqairy, of Saydi Arabia and Hussein Zulficar Sabri, of the United Arab Republic. Minister of State for United Nations Affairs in the Saudi Government 'saluted' the 'Tacuara' movement in Argentina, which is regarded as a Nazi like association promoting anti-Semitic views. His speech was assailed by both Argentinian and Chilean delegates. "This episode in the debate has serious implications," Mr. S. Comay said, reports the New York Times. "We would hope that Mr. Shukairy's blessing bestowed upon the Tacuara group will serve to focus attention on this phenomenon and produce a backwash of public sentiment inside and outside the United Nations." The Israeli delegate said Mr. Sabri's technique was a "little less clumsy." It consisted, he said, of "trying to pin the Nazi label onto Israel and Zionism, in the hope that the public mind may be confused as between Hitlerism and those to whom it has caused such untold suffering. "The public mind will draw its own conclusions," he said. Mr. Comay remarked that the activities of known Nazis in the Cairo Government had become well-known. He specifically mentioned Johannes Von Leers, a propaganda expert in Hitler's Government, who, Mr. Comay said, has become "Cairo's top adviser" on anti-Semitism. He also mentioned Maj. Leopold Gleim and Maj. Bernard Bender as former Gestapo officers now holding high posts in "the secret police in the United Arab Republic. Mr. Comay expressed surprise that a spokesman had been a close associate of the former Mufti of Jerusalem, a Hitler collaborator.
Of the 12,000,000 civilians murdered in Nazi-occupied Europe, half were Jews, Mr. Comay declared, and thousands of Jewish survivors found their way to Israel after the war, says the New York Times. "These are among people whom Mr. Sabri and Mr. Shukairy and their friends have the monumental indecency to smear as Nazis and Fascists," he said.- ↑ Maurice Hirsch, Adv., "Hijacking Holocaust terminology to perpetuate falsities and demonize Israel," PMW, Apr 7, 2021.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Alana Goodman, Hamas and Fatah Team Up to Oppose Holocaust History in Palestinian Schools, Commentary Magazine, March 1, 2011.
- ↑ Leon Wieseltier, Palestinian Perversion of the Holocaust, The New York Times, June 12, 1988
- ↑ The Swastika Returns, WSJ, April 9, 2002.
For most people, the Nazi swastika means one thing -- the Holocaust. So strong is this vile association with the Nazi slaughter of 12 million people, including six million Jews, that in some European countries, its display or sale can be a crime. So it is nothing short of shocking that in the past two weeks, posters, graffiti and placards have proliferated across the Continent displaying variations on the same theme: star of david and a swastika linked with an equals sign. Which is to say, the Israelis are now (supposedly) Nazis.
The attempt to compare the 2,000 or so Palestinian deaths over the last 18 months -- most of them the result of armed combat with Israelis -- to Hitler's systematic massacre of millions of Jews in gas chambers and death camps would be absurd if it were not so insidious. But the analogy is not merely inaccurate.
Tying the Jews to the Holocaust in this way has a special resonance that is as old and evil as anti-Semitism itself. For it is not simply that the Jewish state is being falsely accused of genocide, but specifically of the same genocide of which they were themselves the victims. Tying Israel to Hitler and his crimes has a way of appearing to excuse the real Holocaust. Binding together Israel and Nazi Germany in this way thus has the benefit of relieving Europe's lingering, deep-seated guilt over the Holocaust.- ↑ Allegation: Israel’s Actions Against the Palestinians Can be Compared to the Nazis, ADL.
The murder of six million Jews and millions of others carried out by the Nazis and their collaborators was the largest recorded genocide in modern history. Absolutely no comparison can be made between the complex Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the atrocities committed by the Nazis against the Jews.
While one can criticize Israel’s treatment of the Palestinians, in contrast to the Holocaust, there is not now, nor has there been, a significant Israeli ideology, movement, policy or plan to exterminate the Palestinian population.
The Nazis’ “final solution” to the “Jewish problem” was the deliberate, systematic and mechanized extermination of European Jewry. Hitler’s final solution led to the calculated, premeditated murder of six million Jews and the destruction of thriving Jewish communities across Europe.
Israel says that its policies towards the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip are based on security concerns and the need to defend its population in the face of terrorist acts. But while these policies can certainly be scrutinized and criticized, they are in no way akin to the policies and actions of the Nazis and the Third Reich.
By comparing Israel to Nazis, some seek to label Israel as a singularly, uniquely evil state on earth, playing upon old antisemitic stereotypes that treat Jews as demonic and uniquely evil.
Moreover, it can be argued that those that make the comparison between the Jewish state and the Nazis and Hitler – who perpetrated the greatest and largest act of antisemitism in world history – have not chosen this comparison innocently or dispassionately. It is a charge that is purposefully directed at Jews in an effort to associate the victims of Nazi crimes with the Nazi perpetrators and serves to diminish the significance and uniqueness of the Holocaust.
To make such a comparison is antisemitic and constitutes blatant hostility toward Jews, Jewish history and the legitimacy of the Jewish State of Israel.- ↑ Shraga Blum, The warm ties between the swastika and the crescent, April 29 2014. I24 News.
-'The warm ties between the swastika and the crescent' [Holocaust perversion and Palestinian Nazi links- ↑ The Swastika Retuns, WSJ, April 9, 2002.
- ↑ Jeffrey Herf, "Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World," (Yale University, 2009), pp.15-16.
- ↑ Robert S. Wistrich, "Holocaust Denial: The Politics of Perfidy," (De Gruyter, 2012), p.219.
- ↑ Motadel, David. 2015. "The Swastika and the Crescent." Wilson Quarterly (Winter).
Whereas he perceived Islam to be a superior religion, Hitler saw its Arab adherents as an inferior race- ↑ National Alliance, Holocaust Deniers React to 9/11 Attacks | Southern Poverty Law Center, SPLC, Mar 5, 2002.
- ↑ Rothwell, Victor. War Aims in the Second World War: The War Aims of the Key Belligerents 1939-1945. United Kingdom: Edinburgh University Press, 2019. 41.
However, the Nazis were clear in their minds that the Arabs were racially inferior, and there would, therefore, be no pleasure to be had from helping them in anything except for the extermination of Jews in their region.- ↑ Martin A. Lee, "The Beast Reawakens," Taylor & Francis, 2000, p. 122; Martin A. Lee, "The Swastika and the Crescent," Aijac, May 2002.
- ↑ Pan Arabism Arabism = racism
- ↑ Erlich, Haggai, The Middle East Between the World Wars, The Open University Press, Tel Aviv, 1992, p. 46:
Hitler spoke about the Arabs being "lacquered half-apes". Disparaging statements regarding the Arabs were also made by senior employees of the German Foreign Ministry, such as Fritz Grobba, the German ambassador to Iraq, who called the Arabs "a tyrannical and barbaric Oriental people."
Rudolf Rahn, the envoy of the German Foreign Ministry to Syria, underestimated Arab nationalism: "There is no Arab national movement in Syria. The Syrian tribes are a wild and ugly group of races and religions, corrupted by greed, intrigue and jealousy, and for generations hunted down by the rival powers to accept bribes These tribes do not know the national sentiment [...] Their pursuit of so-called independence is nothing more than a means of incessant corruption. Under the guise of the desire for freedom, there is unrestrained exploitation of the workers by the ruling class. Even the racially better part, the Bedouins, are infected by the general corruption, and they are flocking after the power in power like jackals after animals of prey."- ↑ Fisk, Robert, "The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East," (Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2007), Chapter 11.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Ofer Regev, "Hitler, al-Husseini, and 71 years to Operation Atlas", Mida, Oct 9, 2015.
In 1944, laden with heavy equipment and barrels of deadly poison, Germans and Arabs in the vicinity of Jerusalem secretly landed for a joint operation against the Jewish community. He visited Auschwitz, recruited thousands of Muslims to serve the Reich, and even pushed for the establishment of an extermination camp in Israel.Husseini himself, in his book The Truth About the Palestine Problem, wrote:"Hitler hated the Jews ... Hitler is now avenging this accursed [sic] race ..." Operation Atlas.
Following the defeat of the Nazis in the third battle of El Alamein (November 1942), the idea of 'Operation Atlas' took shape. The planning of the operation included the secret parachuting of a group of fighters consisting of Muslims, members of the Nazi pioneering training program, and Germans from the Templar colonies in Israel, who would be equipped with ten large containers of deadly poison. According to Prof. Yossi Ben-Artzi, the cell was supposed to rekindle the Arab uprising and create a new front in the Nazi campaign, and according to Prof. Yoav Gelber, the cell was intended for an intelligence purpose of recruiting and training aides. According to the accepted version, the members of the cell sought to poison the springs of Rosh HaAyin and bring about the death of a quarter of a million Jews in the Land of Israel.- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Stav, Arie. Peace—Arab Caricature: A Study in Antisemitic Image. Tel Aviv: Zmora-Bitan, 1995, pp. 95-6. Stav, Arie. Peace : the Arabian caricature : a study of anti-semitic imagery. Israel: Gefen Publishing House, 1999. pp. 118-120. [6]. [7].
Arab admiration for Nazism in the 1930s , after Hitler came to power, should be seen against the backdrop of such an identity of values. The explanation usually given for such admiration, namely, that a common antipathy toward France and Britain pushed the Arabs into Hitler's arms, is only a partial explanation. Furthermore, as a fundamental explanation, it is overly simplistic to the point of being a perversion of history.
While Hitler's violation of the Versailles Treaty was a crude slap in the face of Britain and France, it came much later in 1936, with German rearmament, and in 1938, with the Anschluss of Austria. From 1933 at least until the German attack on Poland in September 1939, there were no grounds for assuming that Hitler, an Anglophile who based his long-term strategy, as outlined in Mein Kampf, on Anglo-German cooperation, would be the one to save the Arabs from British colonialism. As the Middle East was mostly under the British sphere of influence, Hitler viewed it at the time of his accession largely as secondary to his overall plans; German attitudes then could be summed up by Bismarck's aphorism, "The entire Eastern question is not worth the bones of a single Pomeranian grandier."
Furthermore, while Jews were the victims of Mazi Anti-Semitism, that anti-Semitism included all Semites, at least at the "anthropological" level. Nazi contempt for Arabs is amply reflected in expressions of racist revulsion toward them, and of the embarrassment engendered among the Nazi leadership by the courtship toward them by Haj Amin al-Husseini, at least prior to the outbreak of the Second World War.
Immediately upon Hitler's accession to power, parties emulating National Socialism were formed throughout the Arab world. One such party, established in Syria by Anton Sa'ada, adopted all the outer forms of Nazism with alacrity. Sa'ada, who presented himself to the world as "Fuehrer of the Syrian Nation", included in his party's platform the claim that "Syrians are a 'master race' by their very nature".
Hitler himself was Islamized, acquiring the new appellation of "Abu Ali" (and in Egypt, for some reason, "Mohamed Heidar").
Similar parties were also established in Iraq, Tunisia, and Morocco. However , the one party on the Nazi model in the Arab world whose impact transcended the period of the 1930s and which , to a considerable extent, fashioned the regime in the principal Arab land subsequent to the Second World War, was the Green-Shirted Young Egypt, which specifically copied the forms of the Hitler Youth and the Brown Shirts of the SA. The party was founded by Ahmed Hussein in October 1933 on the German model, replete with raised-armed greetings, a general staff, storm troopers, torch - light parades, and Nazi slogans (including a literal translation into Arabic of "One Nation, One Party, One Leader", and "Egypt über alles"). Gang of strong-arms to deal with opponents, and, needless to say , the status of "Fuehrer" for Ahmed Hussein. Nazi anti-Semitism was also incorporated into Young Egypt, including a boycott of Jewish businesses , physical harassment , and incitement to violence. As Dafna Alon has stated, "Nazi anti-Semitism – theory, practice, and policy – fitted the needs of Arab nationalism [in the 1930s] like a glove."
During the war, Young Egyptians supplied Rommel with intelligence, and some, including a young lieutenant named Anwar Sadat, were courtmartialed for high treason and sent to jail. In time, Sadat and his fellow Young Egyptian Gamal Abd al-Nasser became part of the nucleus of the officers' movement that seized power in Egypt in 1952. Sadat expressed his admiration for Hitler in an open letter to him in the Egyptian daily Al-Mussawar, on September 18, 1953: "Dear Hitler..."
The year was, as mentioned, 1953, only a short time after the revelation of the horrors of Nazism at the Nüremberg trials. Such open adulation for Hitler, such total obliviousness to Nazi war crimes and open yearning for Hitler's reappearance , are not considered morally perverse in Egypt. They are a true indication of the degree of identification with Nazism felt by Sadat, who was a faithful embodiment of the Free Officers' revolution. Indeed, the first act of the new regime after taking power on the night of July 22, 1952, was the banning of all political parties (including the one founded in October 1933 on the Nazi model)....
Arab adulation for Nazism in the 1930s has been given faithful, and somewhat nostalgic , expression by Sami al-Jundi, one of the founders of the Syrian Ba'ath party, thus: . . 'We were racists, we admired the Nazis. We used to be steeped in Nazi books and of (books that served) as a source for the spirit of Nazism ... We were the first who thought of translating Mein Kampf. Anyone who lived in Damascus at the time was a witness of the inclination of the Arabs toward Nazism.'
Needless to say, there was implicit Arab identification with Hitler's definition of Zionism in Mein Kampf: 'It doesn't even enter their (Zionists) heads to build up a Jewish state in Palestine for the purpose of living there; all they want is a ...'- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Various. Routledge Library Editions: History of the Middle East. N.p.: Taylor & Francis, 2021. 263; Hirszowicz, Łukasz. The Third Reich and the Arab East. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 1966.
- ↑ Trevor-Roper, Hugh Redwald., Hitler, Adolf. Table Talk, 1941-1944. United Kingdom: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1953. 547. Cited in: Melka, Robert Lewis. The Axis and the Arab Middle East, 1930-1945. United States: University of Minnesota., 1966. 72, Wistrich, Robert S.. Hitler's Apocalypse: Jews and the Nazi Legacy. United Kingdom: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985. 164.
- ↑ Haj Amin and Berlin [Ḥag' Amin u-Berlin / G'eni Lebel]. 1996. 33.
בשנת 1937 ביקר בדמשק , בבגדאד ובטהראן באלדור פון שיראך (Baldur von Schirach), מנהיג הנוער ההיטלראי, בדמשק נשאל פון שיראך על־ידי עיתונאים, כיצד אפשר להשלים בין התעמולה הנאצית בארצות ערב לבין תורת הגזע, המעמידה את הערבים בדרגה י"ב במעלת הגזעים. העיתונות הערבית ציינה אז שפון שיראך התחמק ונמנע מלתת תשובה הגיונית לשאלה זו.- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Arab "mein Kampf" on Sale, JTA, October 31, 1938 [8] [9].
Jerusalem, Oct. 30, (JTA)
Arabic translation of Adolf Hitler’s "Mein Kampf" was put on sale here today at the modest price of three piastres (about 21 cents). Many copies are being distributed among the Arabs free of charge. It was noted that the edition placed on sale here carefully purged the passage in which the Arabs are graded fourteenth on the racial scale.- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 Assaf, Michael. The Arab Awakening and Flight [Toldoth Hith'oreruth Ha'aravim Webrihatam]. Vol. 3. Pt 2. Tel Aviv: Hinuch Vetarbut, 1970. 284-5.
1934. With the appearance of the daily newspaper A-Difa'a (Defense) in Jaffa, which was edited by a Muslim, a race and competition began, and the decision was finally in favor of the Arab-Muslim press. In 1935, a partisan daily newspaper of the Husseins also began to appear, edited by Jamal al-Husseini - "Al-Liwa" (The Flag), which was discontinued in 1937. The great competition between "Falastin" and "A-Difa" caused a front-line improvement - Professional in terms of speed in delivering news, disclosure, expansion and revelation, the Egyptian newspaper, large and rich, which had many readers in the country, and especially as the air connection between the two countries tightened was not the model and example for newspapers such as "Falastin" and "Difa'e," but Lebanese and Syrian newspapers, which were limited and had many shortcomings from a professional journalistic point of view ...
He was a young Muslim, Ibrahim a-Shanti, a member of the Qalqilya who became rich (also from business with - the Jews, brokering the sale of land and more). He grew up and was educated in the British period, that is, in the period of the Arab national tide on the one hand and the nationalist, fascist-Nazi tide on the other. The newspaper was founded in 1934, that is - in fact Mussolini's preparations for an attack on Abyssinia and the beginning of the explorations of Nazi Germany in the Middle East. Although this newspaper served very carefully, it followed the policy of the fascist-Nazi axis in Palestine, as it was encapsulated in a venomous, aggressive and comprehensive pan-Arab propaganda (ie, continuous pan-Islamism as well)...אסף, מיכאל. תולדות התעוררות הערבים בארץ־ישראל ובריחתם. Israel: Tarbut ṿe-ḥinukh, 1970. 284-5
1934, עם הופעת העתון היומי "א־דיפאע" (ההגנה) ביפו, שעורכו מוסלם היה, החלו מרוץ ותחרות, וההכרעה היתה לבסוף לטובת העתונות הערבית-מוסלמית. בשנת 1935 החל להופיע גם עתון יומי מפלגתי של החוסיינים, בעריכת ג'מאל אל-חוסייני - "אל־ליוא" (הדגל), שהופסק בשנת 1937. ההתחרות הגדולה בין "פלסטין" ו"א-דיפאע" גרמה בשורה הראשונה - שיפור עתונאי מקצועי בכל הנוגע למהירות במסירת ידיעות, לגילויין, להרחבתן ולריבויין, העתונות היומית המצרית, הגדולה והעשירה, שהיו לה קוראים רבים בארץ, וביחוד עם התהדק החיבור האוירי בין שתי הארצות לא היתה המופת והדוגמה לעתונים כ"פלסטין" ו"א־דיפאע", אלא עתוני לבנון וסוריה, שהיו מצומצמים ולקויים בחסרונות רבים מבחינה עתונאית מקצועית... היה צעיר מוסלם, אבראהים א-שאנטי, בן פלחים מקלקיליה שהתעשרו (גם מעסקים עם - היהודים, תיווך במכירת קרקעות ועוד). הוא גדל והתחנך בתקופה הבריטית, כלומר - בתקופת הגיאות הלאומית הערבית מזה והגיאות הלאומנית, הפאשית־נאצית מזה. העתון נוסד בשנת 1934, דהיינו - בעצם ההכנות של מוסוליני להתקפה על חבש והתחלת הגישושים של גרמניה הנאצית במזרח התיכון. ואמנם שירת עתון זה בצורה זהירה מאוד, אולם עקיבה, קולעת ומצליחה, את המדיניות של הציר הפאשי־נאצי בארץ-ישראל, כשהיא מובלעת בתעמולה פאן-ערבית ארסית, תקיפה וכוללת (כלומר הרצופה גם פּאַן־איסלאמיות)...
- ↑ ha-Arets - הארץ, 29 November 1938.
הערבים "נחותי־גזע", לפי היטלר
עתוני קהיר ודמשק פוקחים את עיני קוראיהם על משמעותה האמיתית של תורת הנאצים
דמשק, (פלקור). תחת הכותרת "הערבים הם מגזע נחות — אומר היטלר" פרסם העתון הדמשקאי 'אלף־בא' את מאמרו החריף של השבועון המצרי, 'רוז אל־יוסף' על התרגום הערבי "של מלחמתי" של היטלר. בהקדמה כותב 'אלף־בא' שמעטים הם הערבים, היודעים "שהיטלר רואה בעם הערבי אומה נחותה שאיננה ראויה לשלטון עצמי ולעמוד בדרגה תרבותית וחברתית אחת עם העמים ה"אריים". הוא מעמיד אותה בספרו בדרגה אחת עם העמים השחורים של אפריקה. אחרי זה מספר העתון, בקיצור, על הרעש שהקים במצרים התרגום הערבי של ספר 'מלחמתי' שהשמיט, מתוך כוונה להטעות את הקוראים, את כל הקטעים שמדברים בגנותם של המצרים, ומביא את מאמרו של 'רוז אל־יוסף' במלואו.
- ↑ The Palestine Post, 14 August 1939 —BELGRADE MOSLEMS WARN ARABS
- ↑ Palestine Post, 4 August 1940.
"National Awakening," a new book by C. Zureiq, a promising young professor at the American University of Beirut, was reviewed by Nicolas Eff. Ziyadi yesterday. The writer advocates a thorough study of the Arab heritage, the establishing of links with the past and also a search for guidance by means of a study of Western methods. He urrges that the Arab people must examine themselves honestly and remedy their weeknesses.
Dr. Salwa Khouri, whose medical talks have proved to be very popular, spoke on dietetics for babies, and their general care.
A talk by an Arab Officer who had served in the Turkish Army was read yesterday. After referring to the ill nature of the arrogance German officers, the writer said that Germany had exploited her earlier friendship with Turkey to the latter's detriment . Now she was trying to repeat this experiment with the
Arab and Moslem world. Hitler really believed that the Arabs were stupid enough to believe his honeyed words of friendship and independence. The Nazi movement was above all an imperialistic one and the Arabs realised this. Had not the Haifa air raids proved Hitler's intentions? —B- ↑ Ha-Tzofeh, Dec 25, 1940
- ↑ ha-Arets - הארץ, 8 July 1942.
אין להאמין לתעמולת ה"ציר" בקשר עם תעמולת הציר ושידוריו לעולם הערבי כותב ה' יאלצ'ין ב"יאני סבאח" הטורקי: כלום יגלו גרמניה ואיטליה את כוונותיהן האמתיות לעולם הערבי? הרי אם יעשו כן, יצטרפו מיד כל הערבים בעולם לבריטים נגד ה"ציר". אין איש מאמין לתעמולה זו, כי ידוע שגרמניה ואיטליה חושבים את אסיה ואפריקה לנחשלים לגבי שאר חלקי העולם. אין להעלות על הדעת שהציר, שהתנפל על ארצות אירופה לא יפגע בעצמאותן וחופשתן של מצרים ארץ־ישראל, סוריה, עיראק ואיראן.
Don't believe the "Axis" propaganda
In connection with the Axis propaganda and its broadcasts to the Arab world, H. Yalçın writes in the Turkish "Yeni Sabah": Will Germany and Italy reveal their true intentions to the Arab world? After all, if they do so, all the Arabs in the world will immediately join the British in the "Axis" uniform. No one believes this propaganda, because it is known that Germany and Italy think Asia and Africa are backward compared to the rest of the world. It is inconceivable that the Axis, which attacked European countries, would not harm the independence and freedom of Egypt, the Land of Israel, Syria, Iraq and Iran.- ↑ The Palestine Post, 14 October 1942 10,000 MOSLEM ARABS TORMENTED BY NAZIS
- ↑ Leila Khaled at SFSU, ADL. September 3, 2020.
- ↑ Leila Khaled: In Her Own Words, ADL, October 2, 2020.
- ↑ Autobiography of Leila Khaled, edited by George Hajjar, 1973.
- ↑ 43.0 43.1 Kehoe, T. J., & Greenhalgh, E. M. (2017). Living Propaganda and Self-Serving Recruitment: The Nazi Rationale for the German-Arab Training Unit, May 1941 to May 1943. War in History, 24(4), 520–543. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26393389
- ↑ Nazis Reassure Arabs; Antisemitism Confined to Jews, Spokesman Explains, The New York Times, November 5, 1942, 2.
By Telephone to The New York Times. Stockholm, Sweden, Nov. 4.—
During today's Foreign Ministry press conference in Berlin, the German spokesman took great pains to assure Arabs that the anti-Semitic policy of the Nazis was directed solely against the Jews and not against them...- ↑ Hund, Wulf Dietmar. Koller, Christian. Zimmermann, Moshe. Racisms Made in Germany. Austria: Lit, 2011. p.52.
- ↑ Jamison, Albert Leland. Tradition and Change in Jewish Experience. United States: Department of Religion, Syracuse University, 1978, p. 243.
- ↑ Haaretz, Nov 07, 1941
The zeal of a follower of racial theory
One of the doctors at a hospital in the north of England recounted an act in which a young German pilot was brought to the hospital seriously injured and suffering from heavy blood loss.
It became clear to the doctor that if they did not make a blood transfusion to the pilot, he would die, and this was explained to him. This one vehemently opposed the offer of transfusion, saying he could not bear the contamination of his Aryan blood. By canceling his prejudices, the doctor promised him that they would use only the blood of a volunteer from the Aryan Blondie type. The pilot stood his ground.
The hospital register had many volunteers and in the hope that he would remove the fears from the pilot's heart, the doctor selected six of the tallest, pinkest and blondest blood donors, who were brought to the wounded man to see with his own eyes that no "dark" blood would go to his "northern" veins. But in vain. He said that death is better for him than to be turned over to the blood infection. And indeed he died in his fight against generous hands who prepared the injection of sedatives.הארץ, 7 בנובמבר, 1941.
קנאותו של חסיד תורת הגזע
אחד הרופאים בבית חולים בצפון אנגליה סיפר מעשה שהיה בטייס גרמני צעיר, שהובא לבית החולים פצוע קשה וסובל מאיבוד דם רב.
נתברר לו לרופא, שאם לא יעשו ערוי־דם לטייס מות ימות, ודבר זה הוסבר לו. הלה התנגד בתוקף להצעת הערוי, באמרו שלא יוכל לשאת את זיהום דמו הארי. אגב ביטול דעותיו הקדומות הבטיח לו הרופא שישתמשו רק בדמו של מתנדב מטפוס ארי בלונדי. הטייס עמד בסרובו. בפנקס בית החולים היו רשומים מתנדבים רבים ומתוך תקווה שיסיר את החששות מלבו של הטייס, בחר הרופא בששה נותני דם מן הגבוהים, הוורודים והבלונדים ביותר, שהובאו בפני הפצוע כדי שיראה במו עיניו כי לא יערו דם "כהה" לורידיו ה"צפוניים". אך לשוא. "הוא אמר כי טוב לו המות מאשר להמסר לזיהום הדם". ואמנם מת בלחמו נגד ידים נדיבות שהכינו את הזרקת סמים מרדימים.
- ↑ This World [HaOlam HaZeh], Nov 7, 1962. [10][11].
Was Joseph Vissarionovich Djugashvili, Known as Stalin, a Jew?It turns out that this question greatly troubled Adolf Hitler.
This week, British journalist Sefton Delmer published his memoirs, revealing that Hitler's personal photographer had told him that Hitler had personally instructed him to inquire into the matter.
The photographer was sent with the Nazi foreign minister to Moscow at the time of signing the famous Soviet-German agreement.
Hitler told him: "Listen, I want you to get as close to Stalin as possible and take a picture of his earlobe. I want to know if the earlobe is close to the face, meaning that he is Jewish, or that he is free, meaning that he is Aryan. It's very important for me to know that."
The photographer returned to Hitler with a photograph of his ear proving that Stalin was not a Jew.גליון 1313 - 7 בנובמבר 1962
האם היה יוסף ואסיריונוביץ דג׳וגאשווילי, המכונה סטאלין, יהודי?
מסתבר כי שאלה זו הטרידה מאד את אדולף היטלר.
השבוע פירסם העתונאי הבריטי ספטון דלמר את זכרונותיו, גילה כי צלמו הפרטי של היטלר סיפר לו, שהיטלר הטיל עליו אישית לברר את העניין. הצלם נשלח יחד עם שר־החוץ הנאצי למוסקבה בשעת חתימת ההסכם הסובייטי־הגרמני המפורסם. אמר לו היטלר :״שמע, אני רוצה שתתקרב עד כמה שאפשר אל סטאלין ותצלם את תנוך־האוזן שלו. אני רוצה לדעת אם התנוך צמוד לפנים, כלומר שהוא יהודי, או שהוא חופשי, כלומר ארי. חשוב לי מאד לדעת זאת.״
הצלם חזר להיטלר, כשבידו תצלום של האוזן, שהוכיח כי סטאלין אינו יהודי.
EIN PHOTO VON STALINS OHRLÄPPCHEN - DER SPIEGEL. 30.10.1962, 13.00 Uhr - aus DER SPIEGEL 44/1962.;
Bullock, Alan. Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives. United Kingdom: HarperCollins, 1991. 685.Hitler was particularly interested in the photographs of the historic occasion. He had insisted that his personal photographer, Hoffmann, should accompany Ribbentrop, and before leaving had instructed him to be sure to obtain a close-up of Stalin's earlobes. He believed these would show whether Stalin had Jewish blood - whether the earlobes were 'ingrown and Jewish, or separate and Aryan'. He was relieved to see that Stalin passed the test and was not a Jew.Russel Watson, "Eerie Echoes Of Evil Genius", Newsweek, Apr 5, 1992.Until almost the end, Hitler was haunted by a question that could have occurred only to someone like him: was Stalin a Jew? He sent his personal photographer to the negotiations in Moscow for a close-up to see whether they were "ingrown and Jewish, or separate and Aryan." Stalin passed the earlobe test and the cynical treaty was concluded, enabling the two dictators to invade Poland and split it between them. Said an admiring Stalin: "Hitler knows his business."When Hitler wanted a photo of Joseph Stalin’s ear lobe during World War II.It was a crucial moment in the history of World War II. The signing of the Non-Aggression {act between the USSR and Nazi Germany was happening in Moscow in 1939. German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop and Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov signed the treaty. Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin was also present. Interestingly, Adolph Hitler sent a personal delegate with a specific mission to the conference. Incredibly, the Fuhrer's delegate’s mission was to photograph the ears of Joseph Stalin. The delegate was Heinrich Hoffmann, Hitler’s official photographer.- ↑ The Palestine Post 28 August 1938 —A NAZI TRIPPER'S PALESTINE.
Of course the author is 'pro Arab.' To read him you would never guess that the Arabs are Semites and therefore sub-human. If the Italians are "Aryans" and the Japanese "Honorary Aryans," why shouldn’t the Arabs be people acceptable by Nazi standards, worthy of Germany's friendship?- ↑ Terrence McCoy, The "Perfect Aryan" Child Used in Nazi Propaganda was Actually Jewish, The Washington Post, July 7, 2014.
A photo of a baby that adorned a Nazi magazine for a contest to find the "perfect" Aryan baby is revealed to be a Jewish girl.- ↑ Iyunim bitkumat Yisrael, 1997, p. 254
The yellow race and the black race are the most "dangerous" of our time for the Aryan race, according to Russian neo-fascist racism (in this matter they have a grievance against their leader Adolf Hitler for some reason removing the Russians from the respected family of Aryan nations).- ↑ David Patterson, A Genealogy of Evil: Anti-Semitism from Nazism to Islamic Jihad (Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Press, 2010), 111
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 R. Mather, "Hitler's war against Jews continues in 'Palestine'", JPost, Mar 16, 2015.
When Hitler proclaimed the Nuremberg Race Laws in 1935, a number of Palestinian Arabs sent telegrams congratulating him... It was as early as 1933 that Husseini was in contact with the new regime in Germany. Within weeks of Hitler’s rise to power, the German consul-general in Palestine sent a telegram to Berlin reporting Husseini’s enthusiasm for Nazism and for the spread of fascism in the Middle East. When Husseini and several Arab sheiks met with the consul-general a few weeks later, he expressed his approval of the anti-Jewish boycott in Germany.
Very soon, the Husseini family had set up the Palestinian Arab Party, which was nicknamed the “Nazi Scouts.” Husseini’s brother, Jamal, was chairman of the Palestine Arab Party and a delegate to his brother’s Arab Higher Committee. It was this committee that led a led a campaign of boycotts and terror against Jews, and the bombings of British offices between 1936 and 1939.
In 1937, Husseini visited the Jerusalem German Consul, where he met with Eichmann to discuss “the Jewish question.” This meeting resulted in the Nazis agreeing to finance Husseini’s pogroms against the Jews in Palestine. Hitler publicly expressed his support for the Palestinian Arabs. This support was motivated by anti-Semitism and a suspicion of Britain’s colonial rule in the Middle East. In a speech made before the Reichstag in 1939, Hitler opined that Palestine is “occupied not by German troops but by the English,” and he accused British troops of oppressing the Arabs for “the benefit of J... interlopers.”… Palestinian scholar Edward Said, who is no friend of Israel, has conceded that Husseini “represented the Palestinian Arab national consensus.” He had ”the backing of political parties that functioned in Palestine,” and was “recognised in some form by Arab governments as the voice of the Palestinian people.”- ↑ 54.0 54.1 G Alderman, How Arabs conspired in the Shoah The JC, Nov 10, 2006
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 Nicosia, Francis R., Nazi Germany and the Arab World. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 77-8
- ↑ Aboul-Enein, Basil H.., Aboul-Enein, Youssef. The Secret War for the Middle East: The Influence of Axis and Allied Intelligence Operations During World War II. United States: Naval Institute Press, 2013.Ch.2.
- ↑ Lewis, Bernard. Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry Into Conflict and Prejudice. United States: W. W. Norton, 1999. p.47.
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 Wild, Stefan. "National Socialism in the Arab near East between 1933 and 1939." Die Welt Des Islams, vol. 25, no. 1/4, 1985, pp. 126–73. JSTOR. Die Welt des Islams. (1985). Germany: D. Reimer. Vols. 25-27, pp. 143-6.
The German Consulate in Jerusalem reported much stronger sympathies — for the Germans in general and for the "Führer" in particular.
'Ausschlaggebend für die bei den Arabern Deutschland gegenüber jetzt bestehenden Sympathien ist aber die Bewunderung, welche unser Führer genießt. Gerade die Unruhezeiten boten mir öfter Gelegenheit festzustellen, wie weit diese Sympathie verbreitet ist. Wenn man sich bei einer bedrohlichen Haltung einer arabischen Volksmenge als Deutscher zu erkennen gab, war dies im Allgemeinen schon ein Freibrief für ungehindertes passieren.
Wenn man sich aber durch den deutschen Gruss "Heil Hitler," auswies, schlug die Haltung der Araber meist in Begeisterung um und der Deutsche kam zu Ovationen, bei denen die Araber den deutschen Gruss stürmisch erwiderten.Die Begeisterung für unsren Führer und das neue Deutschland ist wohl deshalb so verbreitet, weil die palästinensischen Araber in ihrem Kampf um ihre Existenz einen arabischen "Führer" ersehnen und weil sie sich im Kampf gegen die Juden in einer Front mit den Deutschen fühlen.'
['The decisive factor for the sympathy that the Arabs now have towards Germany is the admiration our leader enjoys. The times of unrest in particular often gave me the opportunity to determine how widespread this sympathy is.
If one identified oneself as a German in a threatening attitude of an Arab crowd, this was generally a license to pass unhindered. But if you identified yourself with the German salute "Heil Hitler," the attitude of the Arabs usually turned to enthusiasm and the German received an ovation, during which the Arabs returned the German salute stormily. Enthusiasm for our leader and the new Germany is probably so widespread because the Palestinian Arabs long for an Arab "leader" in their struggle for their existence and because they feel they are on a front with the Germans in the fight against the Jews'].
After Hitler's victory in 1933 elections, there were at least two attempts to establish with German help Arab off-shoots of the NSDAP in Arab countries.
In April 1933 the German Consul General in Jerusalem, Heinrich Wolff was contacted by the Palestine correspondent of the Egyptian newspaper al-Ahrām, Joseph Francis, who acted as a spokesman for a group of Palestinian Arabs. In the same month, the German envoy in Baghdad, Fritz Grobba, was approached by 'Abdalghaffūr al-Badrī, an anti-sharifian ex-officer and editor of the Baghdad newspaper al-Istiqlāl. Both requested German assistance in establishing such a party. In both cases the answer was negative.
The Auswärtiges Amt stated in the case of the Palestinian group:
'A direct connection between Mr. Francis and members of the Ortsgruppen of the. NSDAP in Palestine would be regrettable. As German citizens then would be suspected of interfering in the domestic affairs of Palestine.'
Thus, paradoxically enough, it was the German side which effectively stopped all efforts to create Arab cells of National Socialists parties. As far as the Near East was concerned, the overriding idea behind this policy was the wish not to encroach on the British position in the Bear East.
For the same reason, not all demonstrations of sympathy towards Hitler's Germany were viewed favorably by the German side. When at the maulid-celebrations in Jerusalem in 1937 German and Italian flags were flown and in some cases also portraits of Fauzi Qawuqdjī, Mussolini and Hitler were shown, the reaction of the German Consulate was reticent:
'Ich betrachte diesen arabischen Versuch , durch Hissung deutscher Flaggen und Ausstellen von Bildern des Führers ihren Unwillen über die Engländer und die Juden zum Ausdruck zu bringen, als wenig erfreulich und als einen gewissen Missbrauch. Die Engländer dürften sich aber darüber im Klaren sein, dass man von deutscher Seite zu der Durchführung dieser Demonstration nicht beigetragen hat und dass es sich um eine von langer Hand vorbereitete rein arabische Aktion handelt. Die jüdische Presse hat diese Demonstration ausführlich behandelt und unter anderem darauf hingewiesen, dass die Begeisterung der Araber für den Führer widersinnig wäre, weil dieser alle Semiten, also auch die Araber, hasse. Die arabische Presse hat hierauf nicht reagiert. Von deutscher Seite sind arabische Anfragen auf Überlassung deutscher Flaggen abschlägig beschieden worden. Von einer Einwirkung auf die Araber, eine Benutzung der deutschen Bilder und Flaggen zu unterlassen, habe ich vorerst abgesehen.'
['I look at this Arab attempt by hoisting German flags and exhibiting pictures of the Führer expressing their displeasure with the English and the Jews as unpleasant and a certain abuse. However, the English should be aware that one has not contributed to the implementation of this demonstration from the German side and that it is a long-hand prepared purely Arab action. The Jewish press has discussed this demonstration in detail and, among other things, pointed out that the enthusiasm of the Arabs for the Führer would be absurd because he hates all Semites, including the Arabs. The Arab press did not react to this. From a German side, Arab inquiries on transfer of German flags have been decided. From an action to the Arabs, to refrain from using German pictures and flags, I have for now'].
The Palestinian paper al-Jāmi'a al-Islāmiyya wrote on January 1, 1938:'Many Arabs consider that Germany is a friend of the Arabs. This friendship is perhaps the result of the German hatred of Jews. Germany's anti-Jewish policy has caused a strong outflow of emigrants to Palestine - German Jews. This is the good that Germany did us.'
[...] However, the Haavara agreement which regulated Jewish emigration from Germany to Palestine was never commented on, let alone criticised in the Palestinian Press. And the image of Hitler's personality remained positive : his short cut to military power had - according to the Palestinian paper al - Kirmil — its only precedent in the military achievements of the [their] "Prophet."
The man who dominated Palestinian resistance to Zionism and who during the Second World War became an unhappy symbol of close collaboration between National Socialism and the Arabs, Hajj Amin al-Husaini, made clear that he welcomed the new regime in Germany and hoped for the spread of "fascist, antidemocratic leadership to other countries" and also approved of the anti -Jewish measures of the new regime. It is true that the Mufti also appealed "for a German-Jewish policy which would direct German Jews away from, not towards Palestine."
The German Consul General in Jerusalem Wolff observed "that the Arabs were too primitive politically to fully appreciate the fact that Germany and German Jewish policy were greatly intensifying their problem."
Francis Nicosia has shown in detail that Germany refused consistently in this period to become involved in anti-British policy in the Near East. When Fauzī al - Qāwuqjī approached the German envoy in Baghdad, Fritz Grobba, to obtain arms for the Arab rebellion in Palestine, he answered that relations with Great Britain were more important to the Hitler-government than possible gains of sympathy in the Arab world. The Arabs were given general sympathy for plans of self-determination — not more.
The channels of transmission of National-Socialist and Fascist ideas to the Arab Near East were manifold.
There was the deliberate attempt to spread these ideas via the usual diplomatic channels and the media.
Broadcasts in Arabic from Germany started relatively late - in April 1939. The program consisted of recital of passages from the Koran, Arabic music, Arabic literary texts and political commentaries.
One of the Arab speakers was Yūnus al-Bahri, who later wrote his memoirs about his time in Berlin under the title Hunā Berlin. Hayyi l - 'arab (Here is Berlin. Greetings to the Arabs) which was the customary start of the broadcasts Here is berlin (greeting to the Arabs) which was the customary start of broadcasts.
Approximately at the same time Radio Berlin edited an Arab bulletin Barid al-Sharq (Orient - Post), which regularly carried extracts from Hitler's speeches and political commentaries.
There were the activities of the German embassies and legations, one of the most active diplomats being certainly the German envoy in Iraq, Fritz Grobba.
These diplomats worked closely together with the local groups (Ortsgruppen) of the NSDAP, as far as they existed. There were a variety of contacts between the diplomatic missions and writers, politicians, journalists of different persuasions in Iraq, Egypt, Syria , Lebanon and Palestine. There were the Arab Clubs in Germany which were under the close supervision of the Gestapo. And there were free-lance journalists and politicians, Arabs who resided in neutral countries, who were influenced and sometimes paid by German money but were not under complete controle, like the Druze -Lebanese Emir Shakib Arslan (1869-1946), an Arab intellectual who resided in Switzerland, where he published his political journal La Nation Arabe...- ↑ Helmreich, William. The Third Reich and the Palestine Question. N.p.: Taylor & Francis, 2017. [12].
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 Yehoshafat Harkabi, Fateful decisions, Am Oved, 1986, p. 9 יהושפט הרכבי, הכרעות גורליות, עם עובד, 1986, עמ' 9.
הקשרים בין התנועה הלאומית הערבית לבין המשטר הנאצי בגרמניה החלו להירקם כבר בשנת 1933. במדינות הערביות השונות החלו מפלגות וארגונים מקומיים לחקות את שיטות הפעולה של המפלגה הנאצית ולאמץ את עקרונותיה. בקיץ 1933 נעשה ניסיון להקים תנועה נאצית ערבית גם בארץ־ישראל, ומשרד התעמולה הנאצי הגיש סיוע כספי לעיתונות הלאומית הערבית בעלת האופי האנטי-ציוני הקנאי בארץ-ישראל. אולם, אם עד פרוץ מלחמת־העולם השנייה עדיין נזהר המשטר הנאצי מלתמוך בתנועה הלאומית הערבית, הרי לאחר שהחלה המלחמה העולמית התהדקו הקשרים בין גרמניה הנאצית לבין מנהיגיה של התנועה הלאומית הערבית, ובעיקר עם חאג' אמין אל-חוסייני המופתי הירושלמי.- ↑ Cohen, Michael J. Britain's Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2014. p.404.
- ↑ "Jamea Al Arabia" Still Banned, "al Hayat" Appears. JTA, August 26, 1930. [13].
- ↑ Palestine Arabs Are with Hitler in His Enmity to Jews Says Grand Mufti’s Organ but Want Hindenburg to Win Because Hitler's Win Means Jews Flocking Out of Germany to Palestine: A Thousand Apologies Mr. Hitler but You Can't Blame Arabs for Putting Own Interests First. [14]. Jerusalem, Mar. 30th. (Jewish Telegraphic Agency). April 1, 1932.
Should we Palestine Arabs be on Hindenburg’s side or on Hitler’s side in the German presidential elections, the "Jamea el Arabia", the organ of the Grand Mufti, asks in an article discussing the German elections. Some people may wonder, it says, of what particular significance it is to Palestine Arabs which of the two wins, but the fact is that we have a very considerable interest in the matter. Hitler and his Party are enemies of the Jews. They maintain that it is the Jews who are responsible for all the calamities that have befallen Germany since the war. If Hitler wins, the Jews in Germany will naturally have a bad time of it, and therefore the Jews support Hindenburg, not so much because they like Hindenburg, as because they are afraid of Hitler. We Arabs, although we are not German citizens, stand to gain or lose very considerably according to whether Hindenburg or Hitler wins. It would be only natural that we should be in favour of Hitler winning, because, as the Arab proverb puts it – "the enemy of my enemy is my friend". Unfortunately, however, though our inclinations are all with Hitler, it is not to our advantage that he should win, because if Hitler wins he will persecute the Jews who will then flock out of Germany, and naturally, for the most part, into Palestine. While if Hindenburg wins, the Jews will stay in Germany. In spite of all our sympathies for Hitler, therefore, we must wish success to Hindenburg, for whatever difficulties Germany may suffer because of the presence of the Jews, Germany can bear them better than can a poor country like Palestine.
We offer thousands of apologies to you, Mr. Hitler, the paper concludes, but you cannot blame the Arabs, if, after all, they consider their own interests first.- ↑ Nicosia, F. R. (2017). The Third Reich and the Palestine Question. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. 85.
- ↑ Haynt - היינט, 20 July 1934.
"Long live the Hitler of Palestine" Jerusalem (ITA). The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, has already returned from Saudi Arabia and Yemen...
During his return trip to Palestine [E.Y.], the Grand Mufti was enthusiastically welcomed by large crowds of Arabs at the various train stations between Egypt and Palestine [E.Y.]. An enthusiastic Arab shouted during the reception at the train station in Ramla: "Long live Hajj Amin al-Husseini - the Hitler of the Land of Palestine".- ↑
The cry of the Jews of Central America.Davar, 27 July 1932.A letter of outcry from the Jews of Guatemala and San Salvador (Central America) was published in the New York "Tog." The letter states that several Jewish merchants were expelled for no wrongdoing. Their only fault: their Jewishness (Judaism). One of the deportees is the chairman of the Zionist Organization in Guatemala. He has been accused of being a communist, and for the sake of this snitching, he has been persecuted and impoverished. In San Salvador, trade is concentrated in the hands of Arabs. And in their war against the Jews (60 in number) will stop at nothing. They "proved" to the government that all Jews are communists. One Jew was shot dead, 12 were arrested, and after severe torture were deported from the country.
The senders of the letter seek to publish it and arouse public opinion in America, because their lives hang in the balance (by a thread).- ↑ [האװאנער לעבן]. Cuba: n.p., 1932. Havana Life, p. 12.
- ↑ Bureš, Jaroslav. Main Characteristic and Development Trends of Migration in the Arab World. Czechia: Institute of International Relations, 2008, p.90
- ↑ Editor-Propietario: Jorge Sabaj Z. La Reforma [Al-Islah]. Santiago, 13 de abril, 1933. "La política anti sionista en Alemania."
- ↑ 70.0 70.1 Mundo Árabe, la-Reforma - Jorge Sabaj Zurob: 'Arab world' magazine, excerpts from its vile racism and propaganda, DP, Jul 29, 2020
- ↑ 71.0 71.1 Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1948. 4570.
Arab Racist Propaganda Rebuked by Judge
Extension of Remarks by Hon. Arthur G. Klein June 19, 1948
... The most conspicuous Arab publicist in the United States, H.I. Katibah, was revealed as the author of the lead article on pro-Hitler propaganda monthly published in Boston, Mass., in 1933.- ↑ 72.0 72.1 Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1946. pp.4938-4940.
[British Treatment of Jews in Palestine Cries to Heaven While Arab Office Turns Out Propaganda Extension of Remarks by Adolph J. Sabath August 12, 1946].Let me, then, read a single inflammatory statement from a letter dated June 21 , 1946, on the letterhead of the League for Peace With Justice in Palestine, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York 17, and signed by R. M. Schoendorf, Habib I. Katibeh, and Ben H. Freedman.
The first paragraph of this letter reads:
World War III may burst upon the world if an attempt is made to transplant into Palestine, against the wishes of the Arabs, 100,000 displaced European Jews and using for this purpose the armed forces of the United States and Great Britain. [...] The chief propagandist and editor for the Institute for Arab-Anerican affairs is a man named H. I. Katibah, and he is the very same man who was director of the prewar Arab organization in the United States that was associated with the Nazi Bund. Just as the bund was supposed to make German-Americans into Nazis, so the Arab National League, of which this man was director, was supposed to make Americans of near eastern extraction into Nazis.
As a matter of fact, not long after Pearl Harbor, the leading Arabic newspaper in America, Al-Hoda, openly admitted this Arab-Nazi connection, and urged Arab -Americans no longer to follow the false leadership of the German affiliated agitators.- ↑ 73.0 73.1 Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress, Volume 92, Part 11. United States. Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1946 pp. 2634-5.
Arab office Linked with Fascist Jew Baters -- President Truman Is Asked to Investigate Arab Propaganda in the United States
EXTENTION OF REMARKS OF HON. EMANUEL CELLER OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES [...] Outstanding publicist for the various Arab groups involved is H. I. Katibah, editor of the monthly Bulletin, and of other publications of the Institute for Arab-American Affairs, Inc. Katibah, the Anti-Nazi League charges, was one of the original incorporators and most active workers in the notorious Arab National League, founded shortly after Hitler seized the German chancellorship and incorporated at New York in 1938, and used to disseminate totalitarian propaganda among Americans of Near Eastern antecedents. The Arab National League operated in close association with the German-American Bund, then under the leadership of Fritz Kuhn, and its activities were regularly reported in the Nazi newspaper, Deutscher Weckruf und Beobachter, until that publication was sealed up by the FBI after the attack on Pearl Harbor. In addition to Katibah, whose name appears near the top of the institute's letterhead, it is significant that both the original bund-associated body and the present institute were formed under New York corporate charters containing much identical language and written by the same lawyers. Furthermore, the names of several of the other top officers of the institute, including the present chairman of its executive committee, are to be found among the names of the eight original incorporators of the old bund-associated Arab National League.
This same H. I. Katibah, on May 2, 1946, and again on May 9, 1946, was the signer of full-page paid advertisement appearing in a number of principal newspapers, advancing the propaganda cause of the Arab League, and attributed to a high nebulous source called the League for peace with justice in Palestine. The original announcement address of the latter organization is merely the address of an advertising agency located at 345 Madison Avenue, New York City.- ↑ Rahal Scheiban to Hitler. July 18, 1933, BAB, R 43 II /1420. Cited in Mallmann, Klaus-Michael., Cüppers, Martin. Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine. United Kingdom: Enigma Books, 2013. 30.
- ↑ Bestand R 43, Reichskanzlei: Einleitung, Serien Arbeit-Geschäftsgang (S. I - LXXII, 1-610). Germany: Bundesarchiv, 1984. 212.
- ↑ From Bethlehem To Paris Arab-Christian Editor Goes to Get Nazi Instruction, JTA, Oct 8, 1933. [15]. [16].
(J. T. A Special Correspondent) Sept 16.--Eissa Bendak, editor of the radical Christian-Arabic bi-weekly "Sowt Es-Shaab" published in Bethlehem, has left for Paris where he will receive instructions from a group of Germans and Arabs on "conducting Nazi propaganda" in Palestine. Bendak was recently instrumental in organizing the Arab Fascist Party at Bethlehem whose object is to harass the Jews.- ↑ Haddad, San Charles. The File: Origins of the Munich Massacre. United States: Post Hill Press, 2020. Chapter 7, "Rise of the Reich". From: Waldo H. Heinrichs, "Diary Entry, March 9," 115, Waldo Huntley Heinrichs Papers. (Waldo Huntley Heinrichs Papers (RG 115), Special Collections, Yale Divinity School Library. [17]).
This pro-German, anti-Jewish pot also bubbled in Jerusalem cafés. Heinrichs would overhear pro-German, anti-Jewish conversations at places like Haddad's, a confectionary shop close to his residence.- ↑ Nazis Claim Credit for Palestine Arab Rioting; England is Ridiculed, JTA, October 30, 1933. [18].
The disturbances in Palestine are a direct consequence of Nazi agitation, according to the declaration of the Nazi leader, Schopman, addressing a meeting of Nazis in the municipal theatre in Koepeneck."The Hitler achievement is not confined to Germany," Schopman told his audience,” but it has succeeded in stimulating national self-consciousness in other countries which is best testified to by the events in Palestine.” Der Angriff, newspaper popularly associated with Dr. Goebbels, Nazi propaganda chief, editorially comments tonight on the so-called Arab revolt and attempts to justify it. It remarks sarcastically on the efforts of England, the mandatory power, to protect the Jewish population in Palestine ...
The remainder of the German press, while reporting Palestine developments, refrains from commenting on them. Enormous interest is shown by the Jewish people here who are besieging the Jewish Telegraphic Agency offices for the latest news from Palestine. The tremendous interest shown by them in this case is a remarkable instance of how, in recent months, Palestine has grown to occupy an important place in German Jewish considerations.- ↑ Jewish Daily Bulletin (JTA), Nov 23, 1933.
Nazis Reveal Contacts with Arab Riot Leaders; Goebbels Gets Reports
Berlin, Nov 22.– A direct contact between the German Nazis and the Palestinian Arabs is revealed today in the Reichswarte, organ of the all-European Nazi organization, which is edited by the reactionary leader, Count Ernest von Reventlow.
An emissary from Palestine has reached Berlin, it was learned today, and reported to the Minister for Propaganda, Dr. Paul Joseph Goebbels, and other Nazi governmental authorities on the recent disturbances in Palestine.
The Munich edition of the Voelkischer Beobachter, which is not sold abroad, carries an article today glorifying the German settlers in Palestine, particularly those who settled in Sarona... Nazi Propaganda Drive in (Land of) Zion
Jerusalem, 22.– Eissa el Bendak, newly appointed members of the Arab Executive's administrative bureau, will direct a propaganda in Palestine in the interests of the Nazi party. He recently interviewed several Arabs living in France and Germany in connection with the best possible means of adapting the Nazi program to the Holy Land.
The arrested Arab leaders, Aouni Abdul Hadi, Jamal Al Husein and Izzat Darwaza, have been replaced on the Executive by el Bendak, Ishac Darwish, a nephew of the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and Omar Saleh el Barguthy, a Moslem attorney.
El Bendak is the editor of Sowt Es-Shaab...
The Arab Executive has issued a proclamation complimenting the Palestinian Arabs on their bravery and for their resistance to the British government by declaring a general strike. A reply is being formulated to the statement issued by the Colonial Secretary in England demanding peace.
The moderate Arab leader, Boulos Effendi Shehadeh, editor of the anti-reactionary "Meraat Al Sherk", has resigned from the Arab Executive because of the manner in which the "Arab Executive fled like cowards from the scene" of the rioting in the Holy City recently.
He deplored the fact that the Arabs have surrendered so readily to pressure of British government military forces.- ↑ Do'ar Hayom, December 11, 1933
The Nazi spirit in Jaffa.
The author of "El Blug" in Jaffa tells of the strengthening of Nazi spirit among the young Arabs in the country. Unknowns painted the swastika on a glass and various utensils in Arab cafes in Jaffa.
The author tells of an incident that happened in the German cafe "Lawrence" located on the Jaffa-Tel Aviv border: A young Arab man sitting with his friends in the same cafe spread a Nazi flag on the table and drank with the patrons a toast to the 'well being' of the Arab Nazism. This upset the Jewish critics. However, Azmi Nashashibi, the deputy governor of Jaffa, intervened and said that here is a public place and if he does not like what he does, he has the authority to leave the place.
So the Jews left the place.דאר היום, 11 דצמבר 1933
הרוח הנאצית ביפו סופרו של "אל בלאג" מספר על תגבורת הרוח הנאצית בין הצעירים הערבים בארץ. נעלמים ציירו את צלב הקרס על כוסית וכלים שונים בבתי קפה ערבים ביפו. הכותב מספר על מקרה שקרה בבית הקפה הגרמני "לורנס" הנמצא על גבול יפו־ת"א צעיר ערבי שישב עם חבריו באותו בית קפה פרש דגל נאצי על השלחן ושתה עם המסובים לחיי הנאציות הערבית. הדבר הרגיז את המבקרים היהודים. אולם עזמי נשאשיבי, סגן מושל יפו, התערב בענין ואמר, שכאן מקום צבורי ואם מה שהוא אינו מוצא חן בעיני מי־שהוא—הרשות בידו לעזוב את המקום. אז עזבו היהודים את המקום.
- ↑ NAZI HAND SEEN IN HAIFA. The Palestine Post, 13 August 1934.
ANTI-JEWISH POSTERS. (From Our Correspondent) Haifa , Sunday . — Evidence of Nazi propaganda and its penetration into Arab quarters is furnished in placards which have appeared on walls here urging Arabs to boycott cinema houses. "Keep away from Jewish cinema houses which are contemptible," reads the Arabic announcement. "The Jews' gain is the Arabs' loss." To the right of the letter-press the Swastika appears.
The Police have confiscated the posters.- ↑ Arabs Use Swastika in Fight for Trade of Jews in Holy Land, JTA, Aug 14, 1934.
Arabic posters with the swastika prominently displayed and advocating a boycott of all Jewish stores have suddenly appeared in Arab shop windows in Jerusalem and Haifa. At the same time walls in the two cities were placarded with the Arabic swastika posters.
The anti-Jewish boycott movement, believed to be inspired by the Nazis, has as slogans: "The Jew's gain is the Arab's loss" and "Don’t go near Jewish shops."- ↑ 83.0 83.1 Blum, Sasson. The attitude of the Arabs of the Land of Israel towards the Jewish settlement and its Zionist enterprise between the events of Av 1939 (August 1939) and the outbreak of the events of 1936-1936 (April 1936) [Yaḥasam shel ʼArviye Erets-Yiśraʼel el ha-Yishuv ha-Yehudi u-mifʻalo ha-Tsiyoni ben meʼoraʻot Av-5689 (Ogusṭ 1939) le-ven p'rots meʼoraʻot 5696-5699 (April 1939)]. Israel: Universiṭat Tel-Aviv, 1971. [19].
Haifa based Al-Karmil (al-Karmal, El-carmel الكرمل, El-carmel, Jarīdat al-Karmal) asks in its issue of May 24, 1933:"Will there rise among us an Arab Hitler who will awaken the Arabs, gather their dispersed, and lead them so that they will do what is necessary ...?" A reader wrote in the July 1, 1934 issue of Falastin: "Hitler was liked by the Arabs, the Orientals, because that is the way of the world: the enemy of my enemies is my friend and ally." On the great and growing influence of the Nazi ideology among the Arabs of the land in droves, because they conform to the anti-Jewish mindsets prevalent among them ... There were soon growing signs of sympathy in the Arab street for Hitler and Nazism.
The swastika is seen more and more on Arab houses, on Arab cars, and even shoe polishers near the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem adorned crates in this painting.- ↑ SWASTIKA ON ARAB ORANGES DISPLEASES BERLIN ARYANS. The Sentinel, 18 January 1934.
Berlin (JTA)—Official circles here are protesting against the use of the swastika, official Nazi emblem, printed on the wrappers of Palestine oranges intended for export to Germany...
Oranges marked "Saint Elijah, Jaffa," were wrapped in paper bearing a picture of the "prophet" surrounded by swastikas.
The wrappers were found to have been used by an Arab exporting firm.- ↑ ha-Arets - הארץ, 8 March 1934.
"פלשתין" להגנת היטלר. 'פלשתין' נתקנא כנראה ב"אל אסלמייה" וב"אל ג'אמעה", שפרסמו מאמרים נגד תהלוכת העדלידע בתל־אביב. ופרסם מאמר, שבו הוא מפנה את תשומת " לב הממשלה לתמונות הקריקטוריות שהיו בתהלוכת העדלידע... Falastin in Defense of Hitler.
'Falastin' was apparently jealous of Al-Islamiyah and Al-Jama'ah, which published articles against the Adloyada procession in Tel Aviv. And published an article, in which he draws the government's attention to the cartoonish images that were in the Adloyada procession...- ↑ When Nazi Swastikas Were Paraded in Downtown Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv's Purim parades between 1933 and 1935 evolved from joyous celebrations into full-on protests against Nazi Germany. Nati Gabbay, nli.org.il, 16.03.2022. [20]
...The German Consulate heard of the stunt and sent a sharp letter of rebuke to Tel Aviv Mayor Meir Dizengoff, written in English. The Consul was most perturbed: [21] “Besides being of opinion that the person of a leading statesman on such an occasion should never be made the object of presentation whatever the intention might have been, I find myself in the necessity to protest most urgently against the tendencious [sic] manner in which Herr Hitler was publicly represented in this special case…I sincerely hope that they will think it right to apologize.”
The letter sent to Mayor Dizengoff, the Tel Aviv Municipality Archives Dizengoff refused to apologize, responding:
"It is clear that this display is nothing but a spontaneous reaction reflecting a public view that is unwilling to accept the fate of the Jews of Germany. In fact, one wonders why the protest was not even sharper…"
The truth is, there was room to doubt the "spontaneous" nature of the exhibit, as it had been pre-approved by the municipality, which even rewarded the designers with a cash prize.
The Hitler exhibit won sixth place and a cash prize of two Palestine Pounds, according to a Hebrew report in Davar, March 17th, 1933.
By 1934, fear of the Nazis was even more grounded in reality. Hitler was consolidating his power, and anti-Jewish measures were on the rise. That year’s Purim parade in Tel Aviv was marked by full-on protests against the Nazis, featuring clear demands to boycott German goods and stand up to the National-Socialist party.
This time around, the main attraction was a massive three-headed, swastika-emblazoned dragon, with an effigy of Hitler mounted on its back.- ↑ Batog – באטאג, 10 April 1934. [22].
Hitler agitation in Palestine. Formed in E.Y. a center for Hitlerist propaganda in the Near East.
A Palestinian correspondent of Jewish newspapers abroad writes:
Recently, the relations between the Jewish settlement in the Land of Israel [Eretz-Yisrael - E.Y.] and the German colonists in the country have become very strained.
In the Land there are a few thousand Germans / 'Templars', who have their own colonies. Before the Hitlerite revolution in the country... the relations between the Germans and Jews in the country were friendly.
As soon as the Hitlerites came to power in Germany, the relationship between the Germans and these Jews soon changed.
The Germans in the country, which is true, never wanted to employ any Jewish workers in their colonies. Although the main consumers of their agricultural products are almost exclusively Jews.
As soon as Hitler ascended the throne, Nazis = propagandists began to appear, who began to conduct anti-Semitism propaganda among the Germans in E.Y..
The agitation really soon bore fruit, the Germans became very aggressive and show full hatred towards the Jews in the country.
Some time ago, the Germans in E.Y. had invited to visit them, the Austrian Nazi-leader Herr Walter Riehl, he should hold a report cycle there on the essence of National-Socialism.
Walter Riehl used his visit to E.Y. for anti-Semitic propaganda and created in E.Y. a Nazi center for the entire East.
The German Hitlerites in Israel are already conducting a twisted Hitlerite propaganda among the Arab youth.
Among the Arab youth there is also a Nazi organization, which is led by the German Hitlerites in the country.
Recently, with every German ship that arrives in Jaffa or Haifa, literature is brought in, which is then distributed among the Arabs in the country. The danger of the Hitlerites in the Land of Israel is still not great for the time being, but the Jewish community must start thinking about how to fight the guys.
היטלעריאגיטאציע אין פּאלעסטינע.! געשאפן און א"י א צענטראלע פֿאר היטלעריסטישע פּראפאגאנדע אין נאענטן מזרח.
אַ פֿאַלעסטינער קאָרעספּאָנדענט פון אידישע צייטונגען אין אויסלאַנד שרייבט:
דו לעצטע צייט האָבן זיך זייער פאַרשאַרפט די באַציאונגען צווישן דעם אידישן ישוב אין ארץ-ישראל און די דייטשע קאָלאָניסטן אין לאַנד.
און לאַנד געפונען זיך אַ פּאָר טויזנט דייטשן /"טעמפלער", וועלכע האָבן אייגענע קאָלאָניעס. פאר דער היטלעריסטישער איבערקערעניש אין דײטשלאַנד... זיינען די באַציאונגען צווישן די דייטשן און אידן אין לאַנד געווען פריינטלעכע.
װי נאָר אָבער די היטלעריסטן זײַגען געקומען צו דער מאַכט אין דײטשלאַנר, האָבן זיך באַלד געענדערט די באַציאונג פון צי א"י דייטשן צו די דאָזיקע אידן.
די דייטשן אין לאַנד האָבן, װאָס אמת איז, קײִנמאָל נישט געװואָלט באַשעפטיקן קײַן אידישע אַרְבֶעטֶער אין זײערע קאָלאָניעס. כאָטשׁ די הווִפּט פן קאָנסומענטן פון זייערע לאַנדװירטשאַפטלעכע פּראָדוקציעס זײנען כמעט אֹױסשליסלעך אידן.
װי נאָר היטלער איז אַרוף אַפֿן בענקל האָבֿן זיך אָנגעהויבן באַװײזן נאַצי = פֿראָפּאַגאַגדיסטן, וועלכע האָבן אָנגעהױבן צו פֿירן אַנטיסעטיטישע פראָפּאַגאַנדע צווישן די דייטשן אין א"י.
די אַגיטאציע האָט טאַקע באַלד געבראַכט פְרוכטן, די דייטשן זייגנען געוואָרן זייער אַגרעסיוו און װײַזן אַרױיס אַ פולע שנאה צו די אידן אין לאַנד.
מיט אַ צייט צוריק האָבן די דייטשן אין א"י אינגעלאַדן צו זיך אַף אַ באַזוך דעם עסטרייכישן נאַצי - פורער הר. װאַלטער רילער, ער זאָל דאָרטן האלטן אַ ציקל רעפּעראַטן וועגן דעם מהות פון נאַציאָנאַל סאָציאַלֿיזם. הַר װאַלטער רילער האָט אויסגענוצט זיין באַזוך אין א"י פֿאַר אַנטיסעמיטֿישער פֿראָפֿאַגאַנדע און האָט געשאַפן אין א"י אַ נאַצי צענטראַלץ פאַרן גאַנצן מזרח.
די - דייטשע היטלעריסטן אין א"י פֿירן שוין אויך אַ פֿאַרצװײנטע היטלעריסטישע פֿראָפּאַגאַנדע צווישן די אראבישע יוגנט.
צווישן די אַראַבישע יוגנטלעכע געפֿינט זיך אויך אַ נאַצי אָרגאַניזאַציע, וועלכע ווערט אָנגעפירט דורך די דייטשע היטלעריסטן אין לאַנד.
לעצטנס װערט אויך מֿיט יעדער דייטשער שיף, װאָס קומט אָן קיין יפוֹ אָדער חיפה, אַריינגעפֿירט ליטעראַטור, װעלכע ווערט דערנאָך פאַרשפּרײיט צווישן די אַראַבער אין לֿאַנד. די סכנה פון היטלעריסטן אין ארץ ישראל איז נאָך לעת עתה נישט גרויס, אָבֿער רער אידישער ישוב מוז שׁוין באצייטנס אָנהױיבן טראַכטן, װי אַזױ צו באַקעמפן די חברה-לייט.
- ↑ Misgav, Tel. Latrun Days: The story of the Latrun detention camps during the British Mandate 1941-1948. [Yemei Latrun: sipuram shel machnot hama'atzar bitkufat hamandat haBriti]. Ariav, 2007, p. 27.
In May 1934, the Jerusalem police learned that extremist Arab nationalists intended to form the Palestinian Nazi Party, which aimed to fight Jews in coordination with the Nazi Party in Germany. In Israel, many swastikas began to appear on Arab homes and their cars. At the end of 1935 the number of members of the Nazi party in Israel was two hundred and eighty.- ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 David M. Rosen, "Armies of the young: child soldiers in war and terrorism," (Rutgers University Press, 2005), p. 106.
…The shrill calls to take up extremist politics invoked a symbolism that glorified youth, violence, and death. By 1936 Al Difaa, the paper of the Istiqlal movement and the most widely read paper in the Arab community, proclaimed, in clearly fascist tones, that "youth must go out to the field of battle as soldiers of the Fatherland." Others argued that the "Land is in need of a youth, healthy in body and soul like Nazi youth in Germany and the fascist youth in Italy which stands ready for the orders of its leaders and ready to sacrifice its life for the honor of its people and freedom of its fatherland." …Nationalist rhetoric accompanied major efforts to build fascist-style youth organizations by recruiting young men to serve as the strike force of the nationalist movement. Throughout the 1930s the children of wealthy Palestinians returned home from European universities having witnessed the emergence of fascist paramilitary forces. Palestinian students educated in Germany returned to Palestine determined to found the Arab Nazi Party. The Husseinis used the Palestinian Arab Party to establish the al-Futuwwa youth corps, which was named after an association of Arab Nazi Scouts. By 1936 the Palestinian Arab Party was sponsoring the developments of storm troops patterned on the German model. These storm troops, all children and youth, were to be outfitted in black trousers and red shirts… The young recruits took the following oath: "Life — my right; independence — my aspiration; Arabism — my country, and there is no room in it for any but Arabs. In this I believe and Allah is my witness." […]
The al-Futuwwa youth groups connected Palestinian youth to fascist youth movements elsewhere in the Middle East. While the Mufti was establishing youth groups in Palestine, al-Futuwwa groups were established in Iraq.- ↑ Der Moment - דער מאָמענט, 4 May 1934 —נאציס ארגאניזירען פאליטישע מיטינגען אין א"י [Nazis organize political rallies in E"Y (Palestine)].
- ↑ [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1934/may/29/palestine-loan-bill#S5CV0290P0_19340529_HOC_539 PALESTINE LOAN BILL. (Hansard, 29 May 1934). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).: House of Commons Official report. (1934). United Kingdom: H.M. Stationery Office, p. 115.
I must give one other illustration—from Transjordan. The Amir wants to have the Jews there, and the Jews want to go there, but the Government will not let them go because, they say, it is not safe for the Jews in Transjordan. I think they might have invented a better excuse than that. In what country is it safe for the Jews if you take that line of argument? It is not safe for them on Clap-ham Common. It is safe enough for the English, and the whole world is safe for us. Why? Because we can hit back. We have made the world safe for the English, not by police, not by armies, but by arming the people themselves. The worst thing we have ever done in Palestine, worse even than our emigration distinctions, was when the Jews were being massacred and we, at the request of the Grand Mufti, almost at his orders, lined the Jews all up and disarmed them because they were Jews. That is the sort of thing which people remember. It was not under this Government, it is true, but you cannot expect that anybody in that country will look for justice or hope for better things as long as you have that spirit ruling there. I sometimes think that the feeling has now become pro-Nazi. Hitler's "Mein Kampf" goes to Palestine, and is sold freely. The whole book is a denunciation of the Jew—all lies and abuse. At the same time there is a book published in this country called "The Brown Book of the Hitler Terror." When that got out to Palestine it was banned. It is allowed in this country, but there it is legal to abuse the Jews but not legal to abuse the abusers. Then they were visited by Herr Frick. He stands among the half-dozen best Jew-baiters in the world. He goes to Palestine by the permission of this Government and sees everybody there. I wonder if he paid £60 as a tourist before he was allowed into that country.- ↑ Palestine Arabian Nazi Unit Reported Formed, JTA, June 8, 1934. [23].
Mukkattam, Arab daily, reports today that a Palestine Arab Nazi youth organization has been formed with a three-point movement hostile to the Jews. Reports to this effect were denied recently in the House of Commons by Sir Philip Conifer-Lister, British Colonial Secretary.
The Arab Nazi program calls for the development in Palestine of a movement similar to German Nazism; a determined fight against Zionism and the maintaining of friendly contacts with Germany.- ↑ The Palestine Post, 17 September 1934.
News in Brief- ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 Rubin, Barry., Schwanitz, Wolfgang G.. Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East. United Kingdom: Yale University Press, 2014. 247.
- ↑ GERMAN ANTI-JEWISH PROPA-GANDA IS CONDUCTED IN PALESTINE, The Sentinel, 25 April 1935.
From time to time, anti-Jewish slogans written in Arabic and German, and embellished with the swastika, appear on vacant walls and boardings in different Palestine towns, enjoining a boycott of Jewish goods and enterprises… According to well-informed local quarters , the origin of these throwaways is in a central Nazi propaganda ascent for Palestine who, it is believed, works through Arab Fascists. An attempt at Fascism was started some eighteen months ago as the only hope of Arab salvation in the present state of the Arab nationalist cause, as one young leader said. The object was to introduce an ultra-nationalistic spirit among the Arab youth. But it was more closely modelled on the National-Socialist brand of Fascism than the Italian, because the German politics embodied anti-Semitism as the central motive.- ↑ Nazis Blamed For Arab Anti-Jewish Riots in Algeria.
Nazis Blamed For Arab Anti-Jewish Riots in Algeria Dr. Coralnik Charges Hitler Agents Fomented Outbreak in Constantine
New York —(Special)—Moslem attacks on Jews in Algiers are the direct result of activities of Hitler agents in the French colonies, it was charged here by Dr . Abraham Coralnik, associate editor of the Day and vice president of the Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League to Champion Human Rights. The Nazis, Dr. Coralnik declared in a radio address, are particularly active in the French colonies, where they eagerly seek to create situations and disorders that will prove embarrassing to France. Hitler talks peace and prepares for war, Dr. Coralnik said. In order to fan the flames of war, he is doing everything to spread racial and religious hatreds everywhere. His object is not merely the annihilation of the Jews. It is a plot to keep the world in a state of perpetual unrest and to hit France wherever, and whenever, possible. The Nazi agents have been concentrating their activities among the Arabs and other Moslems in the French colonies, and they have been the chief cause of the bloody outbreak in Algiers. France is well aware of it.
Nor is such activity limited to French territory. A large number of Nazi agitators have been stirring up the Palestinian Arabs much to the discomfort of Great Britain. Recently three German agents were arrested by British authorities in Haifa and deported for anti-Semitic and anti-British propaganda.
I discovered on my recent trip through Central America and Mexico that these countries are overrun by Nazi agents. Happily their activities there have not proved as successful as in Algiers. The half-Indian, half-white population of Latin America cannot comprehend the ridiculous theory of Aryan supremacy. Hitler eagerly adapted and greatly expanded the ruthless methods of German warfare and the idea of fomenting war between Mexico and the United States. He is using that policy successfully in stirring up the native Moslem populations of Asia Minor and Northern Africa.- ↑ 97.0 97.1 Yaakov Shimoni, Arviyei Eretz Yisrael (The Arabs of Palestine), (Tel-Aviv, Palestine: Am Oved), 1947, p. 407.
"Al Difa" changed its flavor several times: at the time of its founding it was considered the mouthpiece of the Istiqlal circles, who were then extremists and fans of fascism; Stories of direct ties formed then between its editors and Germans.- ↑ 98.0 98.1 98.2 Shteigman, Yitzhak. Shelaḥ Daṿid : ha-yishuv ha-Yehudi el mul ha-hitnagdut ha-ʻArvit le-mifʻal ha-Tsiyoni be-Erets-Yiśraʼel, 1918-1948. Tel-Aviv : Mekhon Z'aboṭinsḳi be-Yiśraʼel, 1997. 142.
The multiplicity of parties led to an awakening in the Arab street. All parties were dragged along by the extremists of the Istiqlal, whose newspaper al-Difa'a became a Nazi propaganda pamphlet. They made efforts to attract the masses with national recommendations, strong hatred of Jews and extreme demands from the authorities. The fascist regimes in Germany and Italy were a source of inspiration and imitation to the national Arab movement. As early as 1932, the newspaper Al-Carmel wrote: "The Nazi movement is a symbol, it is a source of hope - Arab nationalism must adopt the methods of its leaders in their pursuit of independence and freedom."
The Mufti's bulletin al-Jamaa al-Arabiya's continued to incite the public against the government, expressing its support for fascist Italy, which the newspaper said had adopted sympathetic treatment of Arabs and the Muslim world "and supported their national aspirations."שטייגמן, יצחק. שלח דוד: הישוב היהודי אל מול ההתנגדות הערבית למפעל הציוני בארץ־ישראל, 1918־1948. תל־אביב: מכון ז׳בוטינסקי בישראל, 1997. 142.
ריבוי המפלגות הביא להתעוררות ברחוב הערבי . כל המפלגות נגררו אחרי הקיצוניות של האיסתיקלאל, שעיתונה אל־דיפאע הפך לעלון תעמולה נאצי.הם עשו מאמצים למשוך את ההמון במליצות לאומיות, בשנאה עזה ליהודים ובתביעות קיצוניות מהשלטונות. המשטרים הפשיסטיים בגרמניה ובאיטליה היו מקור השראה וחיקוי לתנועה הערבית הלאומית. כבר ב־1932 כותב העיתון אל־כרמל: "התנועה הנאצית היא סמל, היא מקור התקוה - על הלאומיות הערבית לאמץ את שיטות מנהיגיה בשאיפתם לעצמאות ולחופש". ביטאונו של המופתי אל - ג'אמעה אל־ערביה המשיך כל אותה עת להסית את הציבור נגד הממשלה, ולהביע את תמיכתו באיטליה הפשיסטית, שלדברי העיתון אימצה יחס אוהד כלפי הערבים והעולם המוסלמי " ותומכת בשאיפותיהם הלאומיות." ...
חבורת עז א-דין אל-קסאם בראשית שנות השלושים החלו להתארגן באזורים שונים בארץ אגודות ערביות חשאיות, ששמו להן למטרה לפעול בדרכי טרור, להטיל אימה על הציבור היהודי, ולקיים מתיחות בלתי פוסקת. בהנהגת עבד אל־קאדר אל - חוסייני בנו של מוסא כאזם, קם בקיץ 1931 באזור ירושלים ארגון שקרא לעצמו " אל-ג'יהאד אל מקדס" ( הג'יהאד ה"קדוש"). הוא התפתח מהר , חבריו קנו רובים ועברו הדרכה צבאית...- ↑ 99.0 99.1 Mustafa Kabaha, "The Palestinian Press as Shaper of Public Opinion 1929-39: Writing Up a Storm," Vallentine Mitchell, 2007, p. 192.
Ibrahim al-Shanti, owner and chief editor of al-Difa', was more active than any other senior journalist in his support of the youth corps. He took advantage of his many contacts in Palestine and started establishing a non-political national organization. He held the founding assembly of this organization at the home of Yusuf abu Badra in Jaffa. Al - Shanti wrote in an article in his paper after the assembly:
'This assembly is the first step in organizing the Arab youth who have awakened and have decided to save the nation's honour. The next step will be quick to arrive, so that people will not say that the Arab youth in Palestine is ailing. In a few months this youth will appear in all its strength in order to form stronger foundations for the Palestinian issue, and it will demonstrate dedicated action for the glory of Arab Palestine.'
Al-Shanti's extensive involvement in this field and the adoption of Nazi and fascist symbols for his enterprise caused many historians to accuse him of Nazi propaganda and even of accepting large sums of money in return for spreading Nazi propaganda amongst Palestinian Arabs, veiled by forceful and comprehensive venomous pan-Arab propaganda.- ↑ Robert Lewis Melka, "The Axis and the Arab Middle East, 1930-1945," University of Minnesota, 1966, p. 49.
One of Reichert's leading Arab informants and propagandists, a certain Ibrahim Chanti, whose value he also underscored in his talks with Eichmann, was a swindler who had gone over to the Allies "with flags flying" when the war broke out. Hentig wrote this in March 1941, by which time Reichert had given other evidences of his indiscretion and poor judgement in posts on Rhodes and in Rome.- ↑ 101.0 101.1 [Adolf Eichmann: Technocraat van de Holocaust] Adolf Eichmann: Technocrat of the Holocaust [24], Emerson Vermaat.
It was at the end of August 1944 that Eichmann confided to his fellow SS-officer Wilhelm Höttl that about four million Jews had been killed in the various death camps, and an additional two million had been executed by ‘SS Einsatzgruppen units’ during the invasion of Russia. Recent research has shown that these figures are correct. Eichmann was one of the very few who knew the total number of murdered Jews and Jews who perished.
In Hungary alone, 434,351 Jews were deported, according to accurate figures kept by the Hungarian gendarmerie or national police. Most of them were gassed to death at Auschwitz. This occurred between May 15 and July 9, 1944 – a very short period indeed. Eichmann even ignored an order from Hungarian leader Miklos Horthy to stop the deportations. He called him an ‘old fool.’
Hitler publicly predicted in January 1938 that the ‘Jewish race in Europe’ would be eradicated. Only seven years later, by January 1945, that is, the Nazis had actually murdered six million Jews.
Eichmann started his career in the SS in 1932. He later began to take a keen interest in ‘Jewish affairs’ and ‘zionism’ and even read Theodor Herzl’s book on the Jewish State. Together with fellow SS officer Herbert Hagen Eichmann visited Palestine and Egypt in 1937. Palestine was a British mandate at the time. Back then Eichmann and Hagen were agents of the SS Security Service (SD) and posed as journalists as they travelled to the Middle East. They reported to their superiors in Berlin that Arabs and Egyptians did not like the Jews. (Things have not changed since 1937.) When ‘ordinary Arabs’ hear the name of Hitler they are elated. Their secret report was read by SD chief Reinhard Heydrich who had personally authorized the whole trip. (In 1939 Heydrich would become RSHA chief and play a key role in initiating the Holocaust – he died in June 1942, after an attack on his life.)
Eichmann and Hagen also mentioned Ibrahim Chanti (Shanti), the owner of the most prominent Palestinian newspaper in the 1930s. Shanti was an important Nazi agent and Eichmann wanted to help him financially. He even proposed to pay off Shanti’s mortgage. The Nazi Propaganda Ministry supplied printing paper to Shanti. (Shanti is still revered in the Palestinian media.)
Eichmann failed to meet Haj Amin Al-Husseini, the Palestinian Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and a notorious Jew hater. But Eichmann and the Mufti did shake hands a few months after the latter had fled to Berlin. (He arrived there in November 1941.) Both of them would become very close friends indeed.
The Mufti was very anxious to meet Hitler, and he succeeded in doing so in November 1941. Hitler told the Mufti: ‘The road from Rostov (southern Russia, EV) to Iran and Iraq is shorter than the distance from Berlin and Rostov.’ ‘When we shall have arrived in the southern Caucasus, then the time of the liberation of the Arabs will have arrived.’ By the summer of 1942, the Nazis planted their ‘swastika flag’ on the 18,510 feet high Mount Elbrus – deep into the Caucasus. At the same time Marshall Erwin Rommel’s German Africa Corps was only 70 miles away from Alexandria, Egypt’s strategic port city, which is not very far from Palestine. The Nazis wanted to end British rule in the Middle East and Palestine and they nearly succeeded in doing so. Thanks to successful Russian counter offensives and the able British commander Bernard Montgomery, these Nazi plans were thwarted – but only just.
Had the Nazis indeed succeeded in conquering Palestine and the Middle East, then the Mufti would quickly have returned to Palestine with Hitler’s solemn promise that he would be proclaimed leader of the Arab world.
Moreover, Eichmann would have sent one of his best and most experienced SS officers to assist the Mufti in murdering all the Jews who lived in Palestine – another Holocaust, but now in Palestine.
It was at the Eichmann Trial in Jerusalem that Gideon Hausner, the excellent Israeli public prosecutor, said: ‘After the victory, which was coming, as they (the Nazis, EV) hoped, these people were planning the same bloody work in the whole world, which would fall at their feet. And the Mufti, who had spilled the blood of the Jews in Hebron, Jaffa and in Jerusalem, in the riots of 1921, 1936 and 1939, was looking for a man like himself who would help him finish the job. He saw that they did it better there.’ ‘There’ refers to the death camps in Nazi occupied Poland. When he was still in Berlin, the Mufti wrote letters to several Foreign Ministers advising them to send Jewish children ‘to Poland, where they are under active supervision.’ Being ‘under active supervision’ meant, of course, being murdered en masse in Auschwitz and other infamous camps. (Defenseless children and their mothers were invariably ‘selected’ for ‘special treatment’ – ‘Sonderbehandlung’ –, the Nazi code word for death in the gas chambers, that is.)
There is little doubt about it that the Mufti visited the death camp of Auschwitz in 1944. Consequently, he knew quite well what ‘under active supervision’ meant. Dutch Holocaust survivor Ernst Verduin claims that he saw ‘men with strange clothes’ in the camp on a very hot day in the summer of 1944. A German SS-officer assured him that what he witnessed was a visit by the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and his entourage. The book contains the text of the author’s exclusive interview with Ernst Verduin on this issue.- ↑ Esco Foundation for Palestine, inc., "Palestine: A Study of Jewish, Arab, and British Policies," Yale University Press, 1947, 778
- ↑ Kanaan, Haviv. The fifth Column: the Germans (Templars) in Palestine in years 1933-1948. Hakibutz Hameuchad, 1968. pp. 52-53.
Cultivating the "Fifth Column"In an issue of March 15, 1935, "Die Warte Des Tempels," discusses ... The newspaper noted that fascism and Nazism had become a flag in the eyes of the Arabs in their political war. Adolf Hitler - continued "Die Warte" - is portrayed in the consciousness of the Arabs as the great personality of the 20th century. The popularity of our Fuhrer is so great that no Arab is present in Palestine today Even he is just a simple peasant that Adolf Hitler's hearing had not reached his ears. There are reports of attempts to form fascist and Nazi parties in the Arab public. Although these parties are secretly established, the influence of Nazi ideas on the way of thinking and behaving of the new organizations is no secret. The education of the younger Arab generation is today founded on the foundations of Nazi education; The Istiqlal Party, which began to reorganize, also adopted Nazi ideas. "This party's publication shows a clear sympathy for Nazism and fights fiercely against the Jewish boycott of Germany." At the same time, Nazi literature in Arabic was sold on the streets of Jerusalem and in other cities of Palestine. This literature, which dealt extensively with Jews, came to Palestine from Germany; Reich printing houses printed magazines and books in Arabic in millions of copies, and the Arab audience here read them eagerly. A special interest was aroused by Hitler's "Mein Kampf" in Arabic translation. It goes without saying that the British authorities were well aware of the contents of the registered mail bundles received from party activists. Important propaganda centers were used by German hotels and boarding houses, which used to be hosted The Nazi agents who came as tourists from the Reich.
It was not difficult to gain the hearts of the Arabs in Nazi propaganda...- ↑ 104.0 104.1 Wawrzyn, Heidemarie. Nazis in the Holy Land 1933-1948. Germany: De Gruyter, 2013. 95.
- ↑ Do'ar ha-Yom, 11 December, 1933.
דאר היום, דצמבר 11, 1933.Open incitement in the Arab press. Despite the warning sent to the editor of "al-Difa'" (Ad-Difaa الدفاع) by the government - the Arab-Nazi newspaper continues to flood the pages of its newspaper with insults and incitement.
הסתה גלויה בעתונות הערבית. למרות האזהרה שנשלחה לעורך "אדיפאע" על ידי הממשלה — מוסיף העתון הערבי־הנאצי להציף אח עמודי עתונו בדברי שסוי והסתה
- ↑ Do'ar ha-yom, 24 October, 1934
Open incitement in the Arab press "Ad-Difaa'" (Al-Difa الدفاع) calls on the Arabs to keep the Jewish "danger" away in their hands Despite the warning sent to the editor of "Ad-Difaa" by the government, the Arab-Nazi newspaper continues to flood its pages with insults and incitement. In yesterday's issue, he publishes a kind of proclamation for the "Arab press and for every Arab man and Arab woman in Israel [palestine]... "The proclamation states:" The rising wave of immigration ... Let every Arab man and Arab woman know that they are the masters of this land and the others are strangers in it ... " דאר היום, אוקטובר 24,1934 הסתה גלויה בעתונות הערבית "אדיפאע" קורא לערבים להרחיק את "הסכנה" היהודית בידיהם למרות האזהרה שנשלחה לעורך "אדיפאע" על ידי הממשלה — מוסיף העתון הערבי־הנאצי להציף את עמודי עתונו בדברי שסוי והסתה. בגליון של יום אתמול, הוא מפרסם מעין כרוז ל"עתונות הערבית ולכל ערבי וערביה בא"י... "בכרוז נאמר: "נחשול העליה ההולך... שיכירו כל ערבי וערביה כי הם הנם אדוני הארץ הזו והאחרים הם זרים בה..."
- ↑ Israel Gershoni, "Arab Responses to Fascism and Nazism..." University of Texas Press, 2014, p. 108.
'The German Jews are rich industrials and they will be the first, who will take the land from our hands.' Arab newspapers in Palestine covered all aspects of Nazi rule in Germany. Articles on Hitler were driven by curiosity about his character and often exhibited a blatant sympathy during the 1930s...
As early as 1934, the newspaper warned, "Europe will see no peace if it will not keep distance from the spirit of the swastika [ruh al-swastika] that dominates Germany today. . . . [Hitlerism] is an ideology full of disrespect of all peoples; it glorifies the German.."- ↑ Davar, December 23, 1935.
A new Arab newspaper began to appear in Jaffa, called "Al-Kafaàt" (The Battle). It is published by the Arab Youth Organization.. Telegrams by Wapd, in connection with the restoration of the constitution in Egypt - sent by Jamal Husseini, head of the "Palestinian Arab Party" (Mufti Party). A-Difae reappears. The government stopped the Arab newspaper for a few days, because of its incitement articles, now "a-Sirat", which appeared in place of a-Difa'e has stopped. [...]
In memory of the "martyrs" - members of the terrorist group, the Arab newspapers continue to dedicate poems and greetings...- ↑ Spizman, Leib, Revusky, Abraham. Yidn in Erets-Yiʹsroʾel. United States: Sharon, 1947. p. 325. Spizman, Leib, Revusky, Abraham. Yidn in Erets-Yiʹsroʾel. United States: Sharon, 1949. p. 325.
- ↑ Jerusalem Grand Mufti Makes Sensational Attack on American Press, JTA, October 17, 1929.
October 17, 1929 5:00 am The Arab newspaper "Felestin," controlled by the Jerusalem Grand Mufti, made a sensational onslaught on American newspapers yesterday, singling out the "New York Times." … Of his interview with Mr. Van Paassen, the Mufti wrote in the English edition of the "Felestin" that it was merely an informal talk.
Mr. Van Paassen stated before his departure that when he called on the Mufti for the interview, the head of the Moslem Supreme Council offered him inducements, including women, if he would take the Mufti’s side and color the news according to his personal views and ambitions.- ↑ Ha-Yarden - הירדן, 17 January 1935 —The Germans in the country in Hitler's chariot .
הגרמנים בארץ במרכבתו של היטלר- ↑ Sulaiman, K. A. (1984). Palestine and Modern Arab Poetry. United Kingdom: Zed. p.11.
- ↑ Wistrich, Robert S.. A Lethal Obsession: Anti-Semitism from Antiquity to the Global Jihad. United Kingdom: Random House Publishing Group, 2010. Ch.21 'The "Liberation" of Palestine.'
The Arab case against Zionism during the late Ottoman period was tainted by an anti-Jewishness that had become part of the "daily bread in Palestine," to quote one prescient observer. In November 1913,
a prominent leader of the Palestinian anti-Zionist campaign, Sheikh Sulayman al-Taji from Acre, published a poem entitled "The Zionist Danger" in Filastin. It related to Jews as [supposedly] "the weakest [sic. al-Taji] of all peoples and the least of them" who were constantly haggling with Arabs to obtain their land.- ↑ Morris, Benny. Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1999. United Kingdom: Knopf, 1999. p.65.
- ↑ Bartov, Omer. Israel-Palestine: Lands and Peoples. Germany: Berghahn Books, 2021. p. 270.
In 1913 the influential Jaffa daily Filastin published a poem by a local Palestinian leader that included the lines ...- ↑ Gilbert, Martin. In Ishmael's House: A History of Jews in Muslim Lands. United Kingdom: Yale University Press, 2010. Ch.9.
- ↑ Janrense Boonstra, "Antisemitism, a History Portrayed", SDU, Anne Frank Foundation 1989, p. 101.
- ↑ Elie Kedourie, Sylvia G. Haim: 'Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel' (RLE Israel and Palestine), Taylor & Francis, 2015. p. 8 [25].
Two other incidents in April added to Yishuv anxiety. In Jaffa, citrus-owner. Samuel Tolkowsky complained that Government permission for the reappearance of Falastin, which had been closed down by the Turks for incitement to race-hatred in April 1914, could only be a source of discouragement to 'moderate' Arabs and an official invitation to 'extremists'.- ↑ 119.0 119.1 Jillian Becker, "The PLO: the rise and fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization", Volume 1984, Part 2. (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984). p. 21
In March 1935 the Husseinis also formed a party, called the Palestinian Arab Party. It was, as its president Jamal Husseini freely boasted, inspired by German Nazism. It included a 'youth troop', modelled on the Hitler Youth, for a while actually called, the 'Nazi Scouts'.- ↑ Morris, Research Fellow Truman Institute Benny., Morris, Benny. The birth of the Palestinian refugee problem revisited. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 28.
Three small jihadiyya (fighting societies ) were established: Al Kaff al Khadra (the Green Palm) in the Hebron area, al Jihad al Muqaddas (the Holy War), led by Amin al Husseini's nephew, 'Abd al Qadir al Husseini, in the Jerusalem area, and al Shabab al Tha'ir (the Rebellious Youth) in the Tulkarm-Qalqilya area. All three planned or carried out anti-British attacks, albeit in a small way. More dramatic were the brief activities of Sheikh 'Izz al Din al Qassam around Haifa and in northern Samaria. After killing several Jewish settlers and a policeman, the band was cornered and Qassam was killed by the British in late 1935.
More important in the 'militarisation' of Arab Palestine was the establishment by the Husseinis of the Futuwa (youth companies), in which youngsters were trained in military drill and the use of weapons. The movement, modelled after the Nazi youths organizations...- ↑ Waschitz, J., Ha'aravim Be-erez Israel (The Arabs in Palestine), Tel-Aviv: 1947. 229.
At a gathering of the Hussein Party's youth squads, green shirts following the example of the Egyptian fascists, the young people swore that "Palestine is my homeland, and there is no place for anyone who is not an Arab." Jamal Husseini quoted Hitler: "I started with six, then we were 600 and then 60 million."
ושיץ, יוסף. הערבים בארץ־ישראל: כלכלה וחברה, תרבות ומדיניות. Israel: הוצאת הקיבוץ הארצי השומר הצעיר229, 1947.
במלחמה נגד מכירות קרקע, במשמרות נגד מעפילים ונגד פועלים יהודים במקומות ערבים. בכינוס פלוגות הנוער של מפלגת החוסיינים, חולצות ירוקות לפי דוגמת הפאשיסטים המצרים, נשבעו הצעירים כי "פאלאשתין מולדתי, ואין בה מקום למי שאינו ערבי". ג'מאל חוסייני ציטט את היטלר: "התחלתי עם ששה, אחר כך היינו 600 ואחר כך 60 מיליונים".
- ↑ AA Memorandum, July 27, 1935, BAB, R 43 II /1420. Cited in Mallmann, Klaus-Michael., Cüppers, Martin. Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine. United Kingdom: Enigma Books, 2013. 30.
- ↑ 123.0 123.1 Steininger, Rolf. Germany and the Middle East: From Kaiser Wilhelm II to Angela Merkel. United States: Berghahn Books, 2018. 38-40.
Hitler enjoyed great popularity in the Arab world, as shown by an episode in 1936, immediately after the Arab uprising against the British broke out in Palestine. The newly appointed consul general, Walter Döhle, reported that a caravan trip with colleagues from Jerusalem to Jenin had been cancelled. Döhle – who had already been greeted by an Arab with the cry 'Hoch Deutschland' (esteemed Germany) – continued the trip on his own and later reported to Berlin: When I stopped on the road to mount a highly visible swastika flag on the radiator of my car, in addition to the official flag attached to the flag stand, a car with Arabs came from the direction of Nablus. I spoke to the Arabs. They agreed to assist me during the passage through Jenin. The transit through Jenin went slowly, with stops about every five metres. My car was constantly surrounded by an excited crowd equipped with sticks and sabres (old German weapons). Five to six Arabs stood on the footboard of my car in a permanent parley, in which I only intervened with the Arabic words 'Konsul Almani' and the German greeting 'Heil Hitler'. The response from the Arab side followed likewise with 'Heil Hitler' and applause so that the trip bore comparison to a triumphal procession. Among the Arabs, the German greeting 'Heil Hitler', symbolic of the Führer's and the Reich Chancellor's popularity, had the strongest impact on this frenzied mob.
[From: 'Zwischenfall in Dschenin'. Walter Döhle (Jerusalem) to AA, 28 April 1936. Palästina, Doc. 99.]
On every level, the Palestinian Arabs show great affection for the new Germany and its leader, a support that is worth all the more as it is based on purely idealistic concepts.... However, what is decisive for the affection that now exists towards Germany among the Arabs is the admiration which our Führer enjoys. Especially at times of unrest, there have been more opportunities to determine how deep this liking extends. If you made yourself known as a German when threatened by an Arab crowd, this was generally a free pass for unobstructed passage. If you identified yourself with the German greeting 'Heil Hitler', the attitude changed suddenly into admiration and the Germans received an ovation, in which the Arabs responded vigorously to the German greeting. The enthusiasm for our Führer and the new Germany is probably so widespread because the Palestinian Arabs, in their struggle for their existence, have longed for an Arab 'Führer' and because they felt united with the Germans in the struggle against the Jews...
[From: Walter Döhle (Jerusalem) to AA, 22 March 1937. 17 pages; facsimile in Palästina, 426–43.]- ↑ 124.0 124.1 124.2 124.3 Ziff, William Bernard. The Rape of Palestine. New York: Longmans, Green And Co., 1938. Full text of "The Rape Of Palestine By William B. Ziff (1938) (with Page Links For The Table Of Contents)". The rape of Palestine / William B. Ziff. HathiTrust Digital Library. pp. 404, 413, 417-8, 430.
- ↑ Krantz, Hazel. Daughter of my people: Henrietta Szold and Hadassah. United States: Jason Aronson, 1995. 112.
- ↑ 126.0 126.1 Kelly, Matthew. The Crime of Nationalism: Britain, Palestine, and Nation-Building on the Fringe of Empire. United States: University of California Press, 2017.
(p. 96).The Times reported in May that an Arab café in the Old City of Jerusalem was prominently displaying a picture of Hitler, alongside images of King Ghazi and Mussolini. The article related, "The Arabs explain that they naturally acclaim ... Herr Hitler because he dislikes the Jews."(p. 210)."The Prophet's birthday in Palestine: Arab Nationalist displays," 22 May 1937, Times of London. This was not the first display of popular Arab sympathy for the Nazis. As early as 21 April 1936, a man in western attire managed to spare himself a beating (or worse) at the hands of an Arab mob in Tulkarm only by shouting "Heil Hitler" and giving the Nazi salute.- ↑ 127.0 127.1 Kabha, Mustafa. Journalism in the eye of the storm: the Palestinian press as an instrument for shaping public opinion 1929-1939. Israel: Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi, 2004. 32:
Al-Husseini... The lively and unrestrained young leader was recognized as the sole leader of the Arabs of the country after the role he played in the events of August 1929.Page 74:
When the events of August 1929 broke out, the British High Commissioner Chancellor was on leave. Upon his return, he published a statement about the events in which he very harshly attacked the Arabs and called them "barbarians, cruel and murderers".
The statement came out on September 1 and was distributed all over the country. In the remote villages the announcer was dropped from airplanes.Page 151:
Page 186:The newspapers wanted their leaders to be similar to Germany's leaders, as al-Karmel [Al-Karmil - الكرمل] asked: "Will an Arab Hitler rise up among us to stir up the Arabs, gather their scattered people and lead them to fight and defend their rights and their homeland?"
They also wanted to educate and nurture the Palestinian youth like the education of the German and Italian youth, as Emil al-Houri [Ghuri إميل الغوري] wrote in the first issue of his al-Shabaab [الشباب] newspaper: "O Arab youth! Wake up from your slumber and see what the aggressive enemies have done to you."This can be learned by the story that Akram Zuaiter brings in his memoirs:
On April 21, 1936, I was informed by telephone from Tulkarm that the city was closed and a national committee would be established today. There was a big demonstration in the streets of the city. During the demonstration, a car drove by and the driver was wearing a western hat. When the protesters started attacking the car, the driver shouted "Heil Hitler", hung the Nazi flag on his car and waved goodbye to the Nazi movement. So the crowd greeted him, took his hat and replaced it with a turban. This story can teach about the Nazi influence among the crowds in the Palestinian street.- ↑ ”Swastikas in Jerusalem,” Dalia Karpel, Haaretz, Feb. 28, 2008. Updated: Feb. 29, 2008.
In 1933, a branch of the Nazi party opened in Jerusalem's German Colony. Members greeted each other with the straight-armed salute, waved flags emblazoned with swastikas and cut off business ties with their Jewish neighbors. In a new book, architect David Kroyanker tells of anti-Semitic propaganda and plans to import weapons from Germany for use by Arabs against the Jews. Kroyanker, an architect and researcher who worked on this project with his wife Leora, devotes a chapter of the book to the Nazi period: "In the Shadow of the Swastika: 1933-1939." In addition to previously published materials, like the writings of journalist and author Haviv Canaan, Kroyanker relies on new, compelling sources from private archives, such as manuscripts and Templars' memoirs published in Australia in German, and adds rare photographs that are being publicized for the first time. Kroyanker was intrigued by the human side of the German Colony's history. His book describes the customs and ways of life of this group of people whose arrival here from south Germany was akin to "landing on the moon." They settled on rocky farmland that was purchased from the Arab village of Beit Safafa and built a "model settlement." "Look at the family photos and you'll see that they look like they stepped out of a late 19th-century magazine," he says. "They were photographed in Jerusalem dressed in their finest clothes in order to represent a European way of life in the heart of the baksheesh [a tip or bribe] wilderness. In some of the memoirs, you see their contemptuous attitude toward the Arabs... Kroyanker stresses in his book that until Hitler came to power, the Templers and their Jewish neighbors enjoyed good relations. The Germans patronized the Jews' shops and went to Jewish doctors, while Jewish business owners stocked products from Germany and the cinemas screened German films. There were also partnerships between businessmen and merchants from the two communities. Not all the Templers were swept up in the nationalist fervor after the Nazis' rise to power in Germany. There were some, primarily from the older generation, who worried about Nazi ideology taking precedence over the Templar ideology of messianic longings and the striving to create a Christian religious utopia. Kroyanker quotes an article from the Templar journal Das Warte, which criticizes Nazi ideology, saying "It ought not to be viewed as Christian, since it is founded on an Indo-German faith that leads to idol worship." But that didn't stop the growing support for Nazism. Heil (sic) Hitler The founder of the Nazi organization in Palestine in 1933 was the architect Karl Ruff, from Haifa. Nazi party branches were established in Haifa, Jaffa and Jerusalem and in several other Templer colonies. The Jerusalem branch was the largest; in April 1934, it had 67 registered members (the Haifa branch had 48). Ludwig Buchhalter, a teacher in the Templar school in the German Colony, was appointed head of the branch; he received instructions from Berlin and worked in coordination with the German consulate. In April 1934, Buchhalter hosted a party for local residents at the party headquarters in Jerusalem to celebrate Hitler's birthday. The event began with a performance by the boys choir from the Schneller orphanage. "After that, Buchhalter, the branch leader, called for everyone to honor the 45-year-old fuehrer with a triple Sieg Heil salute. Of all the fuehrer's qualities, he emphasized the man's humility." Buchhalter also read aloud a chapter from the book "With Hitler on the Road to Power." On May 1, 1934, the consulate hosted a festive reception and "it was decided that the members were now obliged to greet one another with a Heil Hitler greeting and straight-armed salute on the street, too, on condition that the greeting would not be interpreted as a provocation to others." Buchhalter summoned the party members to the Sport Club in Katamon, for a meeting with the chairman of the Nazi party in Stuttgart, who had come for a visit. That location was also used for lectures by professional Nazi propagandists, who promised their listeners that victory was assured and that they need only be patient. Until 1934, a British branch of the Scouts operated in the German Colony and held varied activities, for boys and girls separately. The youths went on hikes and erected tent camps in the Wilhelma Templer colony, learned Morse code, knot-tying and first aid, and sang British songs. In 1934, the club was converted to a branch of the Nazi youth movement, the Hitler Jugend. Haviv Canaan, who was an officer in the Mandate police at the time, described in his writings what Kroyanker calls "a typical National Socialist street scene in the second half of the 1930s": "Visible through the open windows of the mostly one-story houses was old but distinguished furniture, and the walls were adorned with pictures of leaders of the Reich. On the sides of the balconies, under the roof, swastika flags lay folded." The architect and builder Hermann Imberger used to stroll down the Colony's main street every Sunday, with a swastika band around his arm, and the Arabs he passed "saluted him with admiration."... Kroyanker also tells about the resistance that existed within the community to the Nazi activity: Philip Vorst, head of the Templer Association, banned the Nazi salute from the schools in 1935... Ban versus ban During the Arab revolt against the British, which began in April 1936 with a general strike that lasted six months, some Arabs saw the Templars as prospective allies in their struggle, and hoped that Nazi Germany would conquer Palestine from the British. Buchhalter told the German journalist Ralf Balke, whose book about the Nazi party in Palestine was published in 2001, how he would travel without any problem in his car, which had a Nazi flag attached, through areas that were under Arab control. And that once, when he forgot to remove the flag from the car, he "entered an area under Jewish control and came under fire from Jewish vehicles." Sakakini writes that the German children were sympathetic to the Arabs and, during recess, would throw stones at the Jewish buses that passed the school. But the school principal, Wilhelm Eppinger, refused to join the Nazi party. In October 1937, when it was decided that the school was to be merged with the school of the city's German Evangelical community, Eppinger was dismissed and replaced by Philip Vorst, who by this point was going along with the Nazis. Vorst exhorted the parents, students and teachers who assembled for the school's grand opening to cooperate with one another in keeping with the lofty spirit of Adolf Hitler.. The German Ministry of Information and Propaganda encouraged Palestinian students to attend the German school in order to create a cadre of pro-German leadership that would govern an independent Palestinian state in the future, reports Kroyanker, quoting from a document in the state archives. Palestinian pupils made up about a quarter of the student population and were also able to study Arabic there. Buchhalter, the head of the local Nazi branch, used to threaten residents of the Colony who didn't adhere to the Third Reich's anti-Semitic demands. Because of the attacks on Jews in Germany, the Jews in Palestine declared a ban on German businesses... Beginning in 1935, the Nazi party branches in Palestine instructed the Germans not to employ Jewish workers, and also recommended dissolving any business partnerships with Jews. ... Enemy property Ludwig Buchhalter reported to the Nazi leadership in Berlin about the possibility of selling two German properties to Jews - ... Ernst Schneller, the founder's grandson, represented the Augusta Victoria Foundation here at that time, which worked to promote German nationalism. The Schneller printing house produced the Nazi party stationery and party members were entitled to a 10 percent discount. Because of the Schneller family's Nazi ties, the British secret police eavesdropped on their telephone conversations, and monitored their movements."
From secret police documents from 1936 to 1939, Kroyanker learned that the Schneller institution attempted to import weapons and ammunition from Germany, in order to train Arabs. In 1938, a booklet published by the Schneller institution included an article by Ludwig Schneller describing the feeling of suffocation at the German institution due to the proximity of Jews in the surrounding area, and expressing some blatantly anti-Semitic views...- ↑ 80 Nazis Return to Palestine with Swastikas from Hitler, JTA, February 5, 1936.
- ↑ 130.0 130.1 Studies in the Restoration of Israel: A Collection of the Problems of Zionism, the Yishuv and the State of Israel. 1992 [Iyunim Bitkumat Israel 2, 1992]. pp. 260-267. Moshe Shemesh: The position of the Jaffa (based) newspaper, Falastin, towards the Axis Powers and the democracies. p. 260
It is not clear whether Falastin received assistance from Nazi Germany or Fascist Italy during the period under review. According to the newspaper's positive attitude towards these two countries, it is likely that it did indeed benefit from both or one of them. The Arabs got hooked at Nazi racism and Aryan supremacy and especially by the principle of language as a unifying nationalist factor, such as the Arabic language that unites the Arab world. This admiration of the Arab world was expressed, among other things, in political bodies that tried to emulate Nazi or fascist organizations, such as Al-Futuwwah and Al-Najjada in Palestine, the Mistr Al-Fatah in Egypt, or the Syrian National Party. The Palestinian nationalists, including the Husseinis, showed great sympathy for the Nazis. The Husseinis saw the Nazis as natural allies in their struggle against the Jews. This is also evidenced by the Mufti's personal connections.. The position of the Falastin newspaper towards the two camps - the dictatorships and the democracies - in the period reviewed until the outbreak of the war, will be examined in two areas: The formal position of the paper, as expressed in the main articles; The position of the newspaper as expressed in the manner in which the information was provided current events in Europe.
The formal position in the main articles... In general, it can be noted that during the years 1939-1938, there was a constant drift in the position of the newspaper and in the position of the Arab world in general towards democracies. This process stemmed from the aggravation of the global crisis and the prominence of Nazi Germany as the most powerful power, as well as the intensification of the struggle in the country.
The first half of 1938: During this period the paper tried to be "balanced" between the two camps, but in fact tended more towards the Axis countries. In general, the newspaper raised allegations against the democratic nature of Western regimes and implicitly implied some sympathy for the dictatorial regimes. "There is not a single person who understands the spirit of the time who would agree that Italian fascism or German Hitlerism would take over Europe or the whole world, after the real English democracy had disappeared. But what man is not inclined to sympathize with this fascism or this Hitlerism, if there is in this sympathy to help the hundreds of millions remove from their hearts the bitterness for the sake of saving the world from a war that could lead to the end of human culture?" Following this line and the hidden sympathy for Germany ...
At the same time, in order not to completely burn the bridges with the English, the editor tried to 'balance' these sharp articles in major articles that also criticized the dictatorial countries, though not on issues directly related to the Arabs but on issues related to Europe and tensions in the international arena. Due to the nature of this review. Its influence on Palestinian public opinion was minimal. The Palestinians were only slightly interested in what was happening in Europe, and most of their attention was focused on what was happening in Palestine and the struggle against the Jewish community and against Britain. This 'balance' did not, therefore, harm the positive image of the Axis powers, which prevailed in Arab public opinion at the time. Moreover, in the publication of the current information on what is happening in Europe, as will be seen later, the clear and sharp tendency to side with Germany stood...
Censorship and the penalties imposed on the newspaper required its editors to use an elusive technique in publishing the news, which on the one hand would not give a reason to the mandate or censorship authorities to punish it and on the other hand would allow the newspaper to express its views against Britain and the West. This method of publication makes it difficult for the researcher and requires him to decipher it in order to recreate the true position of the newspaper. Understanding the method of publication will undoubtedly help to understand the trends of the newspaper in the period under review. It is possible to summarize in this way the measures taken by Palestine to overcome the obstacles of censorship and the position of the Mandatory authorities when it comes to expressing its positions by providing the information:
A. The dominant method that stands out in reading the newspaper is a quote from a foreign press including the British, French, German and Italian press. In most cases the paper used to quote a British press. He frequently quoted from it news items, commentaries, and articles that included criticism of the administration and its policies and especially articles of sympathy for the Axis powers and articles that demonstrated tendencies toward conciliation toward them. In this context, the newspaper published commentaries and articles from the German or Italian press which criticized the West or tended to the position of the Arabs.
B. Falastin contented itself with mentioning the cities of London, Rome, Paris or Berlin as the source of its information and refrained from mentioning the news agency that sent them. In sensitive news, the city of London has often been mentioned as a clear source that such a score was intended to train the news in the eyes of the censor, especially when the news is based on a quote from a British newspaper.
C. An interesting phenomenon that I encountered a lot in the newspaper: a certain article, which London is excellent as a source, starts with giving details related to the headline, but then the newspaper moves to other news under subheadings unrelated to the headline and still continues to be based on the same source. This gives the impression that London is the source of further knowledge.
"An important speech that Hitler is about to deliver with very important statements on German foreign policy.'" - He did not do so with Chamberlain's speeches. It should be emphasized that it is not the news itself that is important here, but the proportions in delivering and emphasizing the news from Germany compared to similar news from the evening that were very few.
About Hitler comparing him to Napoleon. Similarly to his treatment of Mussolini in early 1938, Falastin (March, April and May 1939) published extensively information about Hitler's actions and his character and influence. These reports were the mainstay of the foreign news page of the paper and may even be said to be more central than the reports on Mussolini in early 1938. Although the descriptions were factual, the headlines given to them were positive in tone or so-called neutral and attention-grabbing. In presenting Germany's positive stance on the Arab issue, the Islamic-religious element was also overemphasized, in order to highlight Hitler's sympathy for Islam and the Muslim world. Hitler is also interested in following Mussolini and getting the title of Muslim defender. Characteristically, Hitler's reference to the Palestinian problem was emphasized in his April 1, 1939, speech. The role of Palestine and the Arabs in the Fuhrer speech; We will not interfere in the affairs of others and we do not want them to interfere in our affairs: we have never asked the British about the affairs of Palestine and what is happening in it and what they want.
The shift towards a pro-German orientation was expressed in a broader report on Germany and in the emphasis on Germany's aggressive, rigid and 'bold' position in Europe ...- ↑ 131.0 131.1 Morris, Benni, "Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-1999", (Knopf, 1999), pp 124-5.
- ↑ Haaretz, Jan 1, 1935.
Nazi Arabs The author of "El Blag" writes: The Nazi idea is spreading among the Arabs in the Land of Israel.
A member of the Executive Committee of the Arab organization from Haifa said at the last Executive Committee meeting that the Arab national youth in Haifa likes the Nazi principles, and believed that the best way to save the Land of Israel from the Jews was to follow these principles.הארץ, 1 ינואר 1935. ערבים נאצים
סופרו של "אל בלאג" כותב: הרעיון הנאצי הולך ונתפשט בין הערבים בארץ ישראל. חבר הועה"פ של ארגון הנוער הערבי מחיפה אמר באספה האחרונה של הועה"פ שהנוער הערבי הלאומי בחיפה חובב את הפרינציפים הנאציים, וסבור, שהדרך הטובה ביותר להציל את ארץ ישראל מידי היהודים היא לנהוג על פי פרינציפים אלה.
- ↑ Ha-Yarden - הירדן, 25 April 1935.
התעמולה הפרו־איטלקית בין הערבים על מכתבו של האמיר שאקיב ארסלאן מאת א. אבידן שמועות הקרובות לאמת מספרות על תאים נאצים הקימים בין הערבים, הפועלים כיום לשם הרחבת הפעולה האנטי יהודית ואף האנטי אנגלית, ואולי גם נגד האינטרסים של מעצמות אחרות. The pro-Italian propaganda among the Arabs On the letter of Emir Shakib Arslan By A. Avidan
Rumors close to the truth tell of Nazi cells existing among the Arabs, which are currently working to expand the anti-Jewish and even anti-English action, and perhaps also against the interests of other powers.- ↑ 134.0 134.1 Asaf, Michael. The history of the awakening of the Arabs in Palestine and their escape [תולדות התעוררות הערבים בארץ־ישראל ובריחתם]. Israel: Publisher Culture and Education: in collaboration with Davar Publishing House, 1967. p. 129.
בתקופה ההיא נטתה התנועה הערבית אל הכוחות הפאשיסטיים באירופה, שהתחזקו מאוד עם תפוס הנאצים את השלטון בגרמניה. הסוכן הערבי הפאשיסטי-נאצי הראשי היה האמיר הדרוזי שכיב ארסלאן, שעזב את עדתו הדתית הצרה והצטרף ב־1919/ 20 לתנועת ה"איסתיקלאל" הסורית הפאן-ערבית, ומאז התמידו יחסיו ההדוקים עם מנהיגים ערבים בארץ-ישראל וביחוד עם החוסיינים.- ↑ 135.0 135.1 Wien, Peter. Arab Nationalism: The Politics of History and Culture in the Modern Middle East. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2017. p. 63.
As seen, Shakib Arslan, one of the key figures of Arab nationalist thought and pan-Arab and -Muslim activism in the interwar period, published his book al-Hulal al-sundusiyya only a few years later and dedicated it to "paradise lost."- ↑ Hagay Hacohen, Arabic translation of ‘Mein Kampf’ sold in Israel, JPost, Oct 22, 2019.
The history of how the German publication ended up in Arabic is a fascinating one. After several false starts that contained mistakes such as Hitler stating he "became a socialist" and not a nationalist, the job fell to Shakib Arslan who used a French translation.- ↑ Borders, Boundaries and Belonging in Post-Ottoman Space in the Interwar Period. Netherlands: Brill, 2022. p. 143.
In 1938, the Arab nationalist and Nazi interlocutor Shakib Arslan, at the time in exile in Geneva, recommended al-'Urabi to the foreign office's Middle East division and the propaganda ministry as a possible translator...- ↑ Rubin, Barry., Schwanitz, Wolfgang G.. Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East. United Kingdom: Yale University Press, 2014. p. 248.
The Syrian Islamist and former Nazi collaborationist agent Maruf ad-Dawalibi became al-Husaini's successor as the group's leader. In 1984, as Saudi Arabia's delegate at a UN seminar on religious tolerance and freedom in Geneva, ad-Dawalibi explained: "Why did Hitler want to exterminate them?. . . It is because they call themselves...Islamism's successful remaking of its image and its sweeping under the rug its old participation in the German-Ottoman and Nazi-Islamist alliances was demonstrated by the continuity of institutions, ideology, and personnel. Al-Husaini's personal heir in the global Islamist movement was Muhammad Said Ramadan...
In 1958, when Syria merged temporarily with Egypt and Abd an- Nasir extended his repression of the Muslim Brotherhood there, Ramadan fled to Geneva where he became the Muslim Brotherhood's and al-Husaini's European representative. That post as the chief Islamist in Europe was previously held by Shakib Arslan, the kaiser's and the Nazis' most consistent Arab ally who up to 1945 had been subsidized by Hitler's regime.- ↑ The Palestine Post, 16 October 1939.
EMIR SHAKIB ARSLAN AN "HONORARY GERMAN "
BEIRUT. — A full account has now appeared in the local of press of the visit paid to Germany by the Emir Shakib Arslan, who for the past few years has headed a Syrian nationalist propaganda service in Geneva. The visit was described by the German broadcasting stations as evidence of Arab sympathy for Germany.
According to reliable Swiss newspaper reports quoted in the local press the Emir met only some of the minor Nazi leaders. It is reported that Hitler at first refused to authorise the grant to him of the honorary German citizenship on the grounds that he was a Semite. In Berlin, the Emir met another honorary aryan the notorious Baron von Oppenheim who managed the German espionage service in Arab countries during the World War.
Local comment is highly newspaper is unflattering to Shakib Arslan who is thought to have traded in what remains of his political integrity for a cash grant calculated to make it easier for him to maintain an expensive establishment in Geneva, where sympathizers have lately been few and far between.- ↑ 140.0 140.1 Motadel, David. Islam and Nazi Germany’s War. United Kingdom: Harvard University Press, 2014. p. 88.
Articles in Barid al-Sharq, dominated by the usual anti-British, anti-Communist, and anti-Jewish agitation, also drew on religious themes...Contributors included the Lebanese pan-Islamist Shakib Arslan and Abdurreshid Ibrahim, who, after his service for Germany during the First World War, had now become imam of the Tokyo Mosque, giving the paper a further pan-Islamic tinge... The journal also published several speeches by members of the Nazi elite, by al-Husayni (including his calls for Jihad)...
The editors of Barid al-Sharq also published an Arabic- language brochure with the title Islam and the Jews (al-Islam wa-l-Yahud), based on a series of articles that the journal had run earlier under the same title. Numerous copies were distributed in Tunis. In spring 1942, the German consulate in Tangier reported the "confiscation" of several boxes of the brochure by Spanish officials. Files stored in the archives of the Foreign Office in Berlin indicate that the distribution of Barid al-Sharq in the Tangier zone repeatedly caused friction between German officials and the local Spanish administration during the North African campaign. The SS played only a small role in Germany's propaganda efforts targeting the Middle East and North Africa. Perhaps the most significant example was the attempt by SS officers to portray Hitler as a religious figure.- ↑ Palestine Post, 13 May, 1935, 7.
Nazi Propaganda In Palestine Swastika Chalked on Train That a train arriving at Afuleh from Haifa, en route for Samakh, bore a swastika chalked up on one of the coaches, with an Arabic inscription beneath "Germany Over All" ("Deutcshland Uber Alles"), is a report in "Davar," Labour daily.
When the train, which was carrying delegates returning from the Arab youth conference at Haifa, reached Afuleh station, the station-master ordered the signs to be removed, the paper adds.- ↑ Palestine Train Flies Swastika, The New York Times, May 13, 1935
- ↑ 143.0 143.1 143.2 Arabs in Haifa Form Nazi Club; Well Financed, JTA July 1, 1935.
Arab youths here have organized a Nazi club, it was learned today.The club has already established headquarters and goes under the name of “The Red Moon.” Apparently the organization has strong backers, for all of its deficits are promptly met, and it seems able to draw upon unlimited financial resources. This is viewed as another manifestation of an intensive Nazi anti-Semitic activity sponsored by the Hitler government, and which has broken out throughout Palestine and the Near East. Nazi agents have appeared in various parts of the country in an attempt to incite the Arabs against the Jews. They have been particularly successful among Arab nationalist youth. Groups of brown-clad Arab youths are now organized in the larger cities.
Recently the Federation of Arab Youth in Palestine petitioned Hitler to help them prevent the Jews from obtaining additional land in Palestine.
- Arab Youths Found Nazi Club in Haifa. ‘’The Sentinel’’, 11 July 1935. [26].
- "Arabs in Haifa Form Nazi Club; Well Financed". Canadian Jewish Chronicle. 5 July 1935.
- ↑ The Week in Review. ‘’The Sentinel’’, 11 July 1935.
In Haifa , shades of Hitler, it was learned that Arab youths have organized a Nazi club that goes under the name of Red Moon.
They wear brown shirts too and seem to be well-financed.- ↑ [https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/chroniclerspokesman/1935/06/14/01/article/26/ The Chronicler-Spokesman, 14 June 1935].
ARABS ASK SALE OF LAND BAR
JAFFA (JTA)—-The Federation of Arab Youth in Palestine sent a cable to Adolf Hitler asking him to forbid selling to Jews the land on which the German orphanage in Palestine is located. A telegram to the same effect was also sent by the Arab Youth Federation to the German Consul General in Jerusalem.- ↑ Der Tog - דער טאג, 18 July 1935. [27].
סװאסטיקא, מיט אױפשריפט "זאל [ח"ו] לעבן היטלר" אויף ירושלימ'ער טויער
ירושלים, יולי 17 (איטא). — א סװאסטיקא־צײכען, מיט דער אויפשריפט "וױװא היטלער!", האט זיך דא הײנט באװיזען אויף דעם צימטויער, קעגענאיבער די קברים פון די אידישע מלכים. עס וױיסט אויס, אז דאס האבען אראבער דארט אויסגעמאלען דעם היטלעריסטישען האקענ־קרייץ.
- ↑ 147.0 147.1 Israeli, Raphael. The Death Camps of Croatia: Visions and Revisions, 1941-1945. N.p.: Taylor & Francis, 2017. p. 119
Delegations from the Arab world participated in the Nuremberg marches of the Nazis, during the 1930s, and expressed their common disgust toward the Jews and their joint accusations of the Jews... Upon the publication of the racist Nuremberg Laws in 1935, Hitler received greetings from the entire Arab world, from Morocco to Palestine, where Nazi propaganda had taken root.- ↑ Küntzel, Matthias. Jihad and Jew-hatred : Islamism, Nazism and the roots of 9/11. New York: Telos Press Pub., 2007, p. 28.
Moreover, al-Banna was far too religious a man to accept a non-Muslim leader such
When Hitler promulgated the Nuremberg race laws in 1935, he received telegrams of congratulation from throughout the Arab and Islamic worlds, but in particular from Palestine, where German propaganda had been most active.- ↑ 149.0 149.1 Lebl, Ženi. Haj Amin and Berlin [Ḥag' Amin u-Berlin / G'eni Lebel]. 1996. 31
Signs of sympathy for Hitler and Nazism grew on the Arab street. The swastika flag was also hoisted over Arab homes, Arab cars, and even Arab shoe polishers adorned their crates with the Nazi emblem. Dr. Franz Reichert, a writer for the German News Agency (DNB) in Jerusalem, provided free money to the Arab press, propaganda and photographs about the life of the renewed Germany, and these would devote entire pages to this material. The British saw Dr. Reichert as the main puller In the Nazi spy network in the country, but no action was taken against him. In May 1935, the Palestine-Israeli police learned that extremist Arab nationalists were preparing to form the "Palestinian Nazi Party" in order to fight the Jews in coordination with the sister party in the Reich.
The great momentum of Nazi propaganda in the Middle East occurred in September 1935. When the "Nuremberg Laws" against the Jews were discovered and published, Hitler received greetings from all Arab countries and Islam. The largest number came from Palestine, where Nazi propaganda was strongest.לבל, ג׳ני. חאג׳ אמין וברלין. ישראל: 1996. 31.
[סימני אהדה להיטלר ולנאציזם הלכו ורבו ברחוב הערבי. דגל צלב הקרס הונף גם על בתי הערבים, על מכוניות ערביות, ואפילו מצחצחי נעליים ערבים קישטו את ארגזיהם בסמל הנאצי. ד"ר פראנץ רייכרט (Franz Reichert), סופר סוכנות הידיעות הגרמנית (DNB) בירושלים, סיפק חינם אין כסף לעיתונות הערבית תעמולה ותצלומים על חיי גרמניה המתחדשת, ואלה היו מקדישים עמודים שלמים לחומר זה. הבריטים ראו בד"ר רייכרט את מושך החוטים העיקרי ברשת הריגול הנאצית בארץ, אך לא פעלו נגדו. במאי 1935 נודע למשטרת פלסטינה - א"י כי לאומנים ערבים קיצונים מתכוננים להקים את "המפלגה הנאצית הפלסטינית", כדי להילחם ביהודים תוך תיאום עם המפלגה־האחות ברייך. התנופה הגדולה בתעמולה הנאצית במזרח התיכון חלה בספטמבר 1935. כאשר נתגלו ופורסמו "חוקי נירנברג" נגד היהודים, הגיעו להיטלר מברקי ברכה מכל ארצות ערב והאיסלאם. המספר הגדול ביותר הגיע ומפלסטינה, שם היתה התעמולה הנאצית החזקה ביותר.]
- ↑ Antisemitism International: An Annual Research Journal of the Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism. (2004). Israel: Vidal Sassoon Inernational Center for the Study of Antisemitism. p. 46.
- ↑ Graffiti with a swastika in the Old City of Jerusalem. jfc.org.il.
([28] Beneath is seen a deleted star of David while the Nazi sign is up).Paramount Diary of January 1, 1936: The alleys of the Old City of Jerusalem. 1936
The Old City of Jerusalem… passersby looking at a graffiti of a swastika and the inscription Hitler in English on a stone wall, the alleys of the Old City, policemen patrolling the place. (From the Sherman Greenberg Film Collection).- ↑
Arabs Read HitlerAP, Nov 26, 1936. Nebraska State Journal Archives, Nov 26, 1936, p. 2 - NewspaperArchive"My Struggle" Becomes Best Seller Among Anti-Semitics.
BERLIN. November 26 (AP). -- Arabs, who join with Nazi Germany in antagonism to Jews, are reading Adolf Hitler's book "My Struggle." The Fuehrer's autobiography, with its Antisemitic theroies, has been translated into Arabic and already is a best seller in Palestine, German newspapers say.
The German edition once was barred in Palestine during the high point of Jewish immigration there, but Arabs who fought the Jewish influx, are reported much interested in the new translation.- ↑ Books and Authors; FORTHCOMING BOOKS. The New York Times, April 4, 1937. [29]. [30].
Hitler's “Mein Kampf” once banned in Palestine is now reported to be a Best seller among the Arabs who have joined with Nazi Germany in antagonism to the Jews.
Houghton Mifflin company have recently issued a popular priced edition of the Book under the title "My Battle."- ↑
Mein kampf among the Arabs[Philadelphia Jewish Exponent Archives, Apr 9, 1937, p. 4 - NewspaperArchive [31].Under its standing heading 'Books and Authors' the New York Times last sunday published the following paragraph:
Hitler's Mein Kampf once banned in Palestine is now reported to be a Best seller among the Arabs who have joined with Nazi Germany in antagonism to the Jews. Houghton Mifflin company have recently issued a popular priced edition of the Book under the title 'My Battle.'
One is at a loss to explain this bit of news.
Was it the purpose of the item to call attention to the fact that the Nazis are sowing their seeds of venue even among the Arabs of Palestine? This is not news. Nor Are the Nazis alone in this nefarious activity. The Russian communists have not remained Idle either. Or perhaps the emphasis should be placed on the fact that American publisher Houghton Mifflin company is furnishing the sinews of hate indeed is making a substantial contribution towards the spread of the nazi maniacal race doctrine among the primitive peoples of the Orient. A rather intriguing paragraph to say the least.- ↑ 155.0 155.1 Fatah, Tarek. The Jew is Not My Enemy: Unveiling the Myths that Fuel Muslim Anti-Semitism. Canada: McClelland & Stewart, 2011. 60
By the time the Palestinian uprising began in 1936, the Nazi hatred of the Jew had been incorporated into the existing Muslim narrative...
In September 1937, Adolf Eichmann.. carried out a mission to the Middle East accompanied by the head of the Hitler Youth, Baldur von Schirach, who later funded an "Arab Club" in Damascus where German Nazis trained recruits for the mufti's growing army of insurgents. In his seminal study on the mufti, Klaus Gensicke writes, "The Mufti himself acknowledged that at that time it was only due to German funds he received that it had been possible to carry through the uprising in Palestine. From the outset, he made high financial demands which the Nazis to a great extent met."- ↑ Doʼar ha-yom - דאר היום, 4 May 1936.
Jabotinsky and Patterson's serious difficulties with the Government of Palestine and the Ministry of the ColoniesAt a large public meeting of the Z.CH [New Zionist Organization [הסתדרות ציונית חדשה] in London. They demand that the High Commissioner withdraw from the Legislative Council's program and offer him to renew the Hebrew Legion. Had England understood, it could have "established a new Gibraltar in the Near East" London 28 ... Jabotinsky... I say to the British government: 'Let us build Israel as we can. And it will be able to absorb millions of Jews. Without causing any harm to the Arab populations"...
The assembly notes its recognition of the service "made by the new Zionist Organization by drawing the attention of the High Commissioner and the Ministry of the Colonies, as early as April 5 and 6, twelve days before the riots, to the urgent danger in Israel of unrestrained anti-Jewish incitement."קושיותיהם החמורות של ז'אבוטינסקי ופטרסון אל משלת ארץ־ישראל ואל משרד המושבות באסיפת־עם גדולה של הצ"ת בלונדון הם דורשים מן הנציב העליון לתזור בו מתכנית המועצה המחוקקת ומציעים לו לחדש את הלגיון העברי-. אילו הבינה אנגליה, יכלה "להקים לה גיברלטר חדשה במזרח הקרוב" לונדון28,. ז'אבוטינסקי... אני אומר לממשלה הבריטית: "תנו לנו לבנות את א"י כפי שאנו יכולים. והיא תוכל לקלוט מיליוני יהודים. מבלי לגרום כל רעה לאוכלוסים הערבים"... האספה מציינת את הכרתה בשרות " שעשתה ההסתדרות הציונית החדשה בזה שהעירה את תשומת לבם של הנציב העליון ומשרד המושבות, עוד ב־5 לאפריל וב־6 בו, שנים עשר יום לפני המהומות, לסכנה הדחופה הקיימת בא"י בתוצאות ההסתה האנטי־יהודית הבלתי מרוסנות.
- ↑ Davar - דבר, 21 September 1936.
תאוות הבצע ([כך - שידר האנטישמי]) של היהודי היא שגרמה להקרבת בנו - כך "מסביר" מנהל התכנית הערבית ברדיו ירושלים את האגדה הערבית על נאמנותו של שמואל בן עדיה ב"חופש הדיבור" בארץ כבר הגענו לידי כך שתחנת הרדיו בירושלים שידרה לשומעים אמש בין 7.45 ו־8 הרצאה אנטישמית – והמרצה — שמי, והשנאה לישראל נמסרה בלשון שמית. השמי הזה אינו אדם פשוט, פקיד מדרגא א' הוא ושמו: אברהים אפנדי טוקאן, הסגן הערבי של מנהל תחנת השידור הא"יית.
It was the greed ([sic - broadcasted the antisemite - editor]) of the Jew that caused his son to be sacrificed -
This is how the director of the Arab program on Radio Jerusalem "explains" the Arab legend about the loyalty of Shmuel Ben-Adia
In "Freedom of Speech" in the country, we have already reached the point where the radio station in Jerusalem broadcast to listeners last night between 7:45 and 8 a.m. an antisemitic lecture - and the lecturer - a Semite, and hatred of Jews was conveyed in Semitic language. This Semite is not a simple person, he is a first-rate official and his name is: Ibrahim Effendi Toucan, the Arab deputy director of the Broadcasting Station.- ↑ Telos, Issues 128-130. Telos Press, 2004, p. 58.
[M. Kuntzel:]
During the 1936-1939 Palestinian revolt, the swastika was used as a mark of identity: Arabic leaflets and graffiti were liberally decorated with it, Arab children welcomed each other with the Hitler salute and vast numbers of German flags and pictures of Hitler were displayed even at celebrations of Mohammed's birthday.- ↑ 159.0 159.1 159.2 159.3 Meir-Levi, David. History Upside Down: The Roots of Palestinian Fascism and the Myth of Israeli Aggression: Easyread Large Edition. Canada: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010. 8-9.
He was directly involved in organizing the 1929 riots that destroyed the 3,000-year-old Jewish community of Hebron. And he was quick to see that he had a natural ally in Hitler and in the rising star of Nazi Germany... In September 1937, Adolf Eichmann and another SS officer carried out an exploratory mission in the Middle East lasting several weeks, and including a friendly visit with the mufti. It was after this visit, in fact, that Haj Amin went on the Nazi payroll as an agent and propagandist. During the "Great Arab revolt" of 1936–1939, the war against the Jews of Palestine and against the British enforcement of the Mandate, which Haj Amin helped organize and which Germany funded, the swastika was used as a mark of identity on Arabic leaflets and graffiti.
Arab children welcomed each other with the Hitler salute, and a sea of German flags and pictures of Hitler were displayed at celebrations. The identification was so strong that those obliged to travel through areas involved in the Palestinian revolt soon learned that it was prudent to attach a swastika to their vehicle to gain immunity from Arab snipers.- ↑ 160.0 160.1 M. M. Silver, "The History of Galilee, 1538–1949: Mysticism, Modernization, and War," (Rowman & Littlefield, 2022), p. 296.
In 1936, months after Hitler's Nuremberg Laws stripped Jews in Nazi domains of citizenship rights, and branded them as genetic undesirables, Qawuqji was not squeamish about baiting Jews as spineless cowards and opportunists.- ↑ Leslie Stein, "The Making of Modern Israel: 1948-1967," (John Wiley & Sons, 2013), p. 110.
By June 6, the Israelis had been outclassed by a joint force of Syrians, Lebanese, and the mainly foreign volunteer Arab Liberation Army (ALA) led by Fawzi alQawuqji, a Lebanese-born Arab with pro-Nazi sympathies who had been in Germany during World War Two.- ↑ Pappe, I., " Atzulat Haaretz...", (Bialik, 2002), pp. 340-1
- ↑ 164.0 164.1 164.2 The Sydney Jewish News, 2 May 1947
The Arab Killer - Nazi and the General
By Our Special Correspondent SOLOMON ITZHAKI (Jerusalem)
A few days after General Barker's departure from Palestine, there was a new ! guest at the Lydda airfield darned Fawzi Kawkadji..
His activities during the war years are well known, he was the aide-de-camp of the ex-Mufti of Jerusalem, he went to Yugoslavia and Bulgaria to mobilize Moslem citizens of these countries against Russia and Great Britain, he spoke tens of times on the Nazi radio calling the Arab world to rise up against "British Imperialism and Bolshevist [sic] Judaism”; he became a bemedalled SS-man and got even a Nazi wife. What’s going on behind that international story the hero of which is Fawzi Kawkadji?
Whom will he serve at present? The Russians, the French, the British? In any case, with the arrival of Kawkadji in the neighbourhood of Palestine the list of the Arab leaders who, during the war, were engaged in hostile activities against the Allied Nations, has been completed... The British could easily arrest him. There is no doubt, that he IS one of the great war-criminals, but—the official communique of the Palestine Government naively stated today: “Fawzi Kawkadji regretfully escaped the vigilance of the Palestine Frontier Control...”- ↑ Davar - דבר, 18 June 1936.
אספת ערבים בגרמניה
ברלין. 16, באסיפת ערבים ובני המזרח בברלין נתקבלו החלטת נגד העליה היהודית לארץ־ישראל. הנאספים החליטו להכחיש אה הידיעות, המתפרסמות בעתונות היהודית כאילו איטליה וגרמניה עוזרות לתנועה הלאומית בארץ־ישראל. הם החליטו גם להחרים את החנויות של היהודים, לא לגור אצל משפחות יהודיות ולא לבוא אתן במגע.
- ↑ Sachar, Howard Morley. A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1996. p. 200. [32]; 2007 ed. [33] [34].
"...By midsummer 1936 the intensity of the fighting mounted as Arab irregulars poured into the hill country around Jerusalem, into Galilee and Samaria. A majority of them at first were local Palestinians recruited by Haj Amin’s agents. But soon 'Committees for the Defense of Palestine’ were established in neighboring Arab lands. Syrian and Iraqi volunteers began arriving in Palestine at the rate of two or three hundred a month. Their leader, Fawzi al-Qawukji, played a vital role in the ensuing civil war... He was a compact, sandy-haired man in his early forties when the civil war began, gruff, vigorous, and endowed with an unquestionable dynamism that he cultivated in open imitation of his hero, Adolf Hitler. During the summer of 1936 it was Qawukji who organized military training among the Arab nationalists, imposing a single, unified command over the disparate rebel forces and helping smuggle in Axis [i.e. Nazi German and fascist Italian] weapons. His guerilla technique rarely varied. It took the form of night assaults on Jewish farms, the destruction of cattle and crops, the murder of civilians."- ↑ 167.0 167.1 Alexander, Edward. The State of the Jews : A Critical Appraisal. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 2012. 71.
-Alexander, Edward. The State of the Jews: A Critical Appraisal. United Kingdom: Routledge, 2017. 71.
-Edward Alexander, "Exploring Nazi-Palestinian Arab collaborations," JHV, May 08, 2008.- ↑ Jewish Frontier. United States: Labor Zionist Letters, Incorporated, 1936. 8.
[An Editorial... Though we realize that the crushing of the terrorists is no light task,] we feel that the government did not take sufficiently stringent measures at the right time in order to weaken their influence. Had the government expended the time, energy and money that it devotes to tracking down a few "illegal" Jewish immigrants, to discovering the identities of those "legal" residents who endanger the peace of the whole country through their criminal assaults, the situation would now be less serious. But the government displayed no special vigor in this regard. It tolerated incendiary propaganda in the Arab press. It permitted demonstrations in Nablus which shouted the slogan "Long live Al-Kassam's spirit" (Al-Kassam was one of the terrorist murderers slain by the police, who has now been canonized by Arab leaders as a national hero.) After the debate in the English parliament concerning the Legislative Council—a debate which—showed a sympathetic and understanding attitude toward Zionist aspirations, the government permitted the Mufti's journal, "A Liva" (Liwa), to create the impression that all elements friendly to Zionism in England were in the pay of Jews. "The old Empire bows its head before Jews, because Jews [sic] have [sic] money," or further the Mandate is only apparently in English hands because Jews have purchased it long ago." Another Arab paper "Falastin" agitated openly for an alliance between the nationalist movement and Sir Oswald Mosley. The government seemed incapable of understanding that though it might be possible to treat fascist agitation humorously in London, amusement was out of place in Jaffa. The entire German population of Palestine numbers barely three thousand. Assuming that every one of them is a Nazi, they are still unable to publish a daily newspaper without assistance. The fact that a Nazi paper began to appear in Jerusalem, was in itself evidence enough that well-financed Hitler agents were in the country striving to establish contact with the Arab population. The government saw fit to ignore this.
Now it need not be surprised that the words "Heil Hitler" should be a magic pass-word, protecting the speaker from Arab attack.- ↑ 169.0 169.1 169.2 169.3 169.4 Waschitz, Joseph. The Arab in Erets Israel [Ha-Aravim be-Eretz Yisrael. Israel: hotsa'at ha-ḳibuts ha-artsi ha-Shomer ha-Tsa'ir] (Palestinian Arabs), 1947. pp. 329-330.
In terms of the external form, the Arab movement approached the glistening world of Fascism... In April 1934, the Husseinis' "Al Jamia Al Arabia" (on the occasion of the opening of the Bari broadcast) wrote that Italy was the only power that had only economic and cultural trends and sought to move closer to the East. In the same newspaper (35.4.4) Shakib Arslan wrote that Mussolini is a huge personality. The leader of European policy and that the Arabs should not be moved by the Abyssinian government that persecutes Muslims. During the Abyssinian War, the Husseinist newspapers in Italy and the opposition newspapers supported the Abyssinians. (In 1937, "Falastin" also became pro-Italian). Along the Italian side, Nazi Germany also began to raise its profile among the Arabs and succeeded in doing so, especially during the days of the events. May 22, 1937, a holiday. Large Nazi flags fluttered in Jaffa. The front of the workers' association's house was adorned with swastikas. In many houses swastikas and pictures of the Fuhrer, the Duce and the leaders of the revolt were seen. In 1938, one hundred Palestine Arabs visited the Nazi party conference in Nuremberg. Needless to say, how great was the effect of the German victories, in the first period of the war, on the Arabs of the country, and how difficult was then the impression of their defeat: an Egyptian, who visited the country in the days after the conquest of Berlin wrote: "The people cry in the morning and sob in the evening. And blow to their cheek between morning and evening."
[מבחינת הצורה החיצונית התקרבה התנועה הערבית לעולם־המליצות של הפאשיזם... באפריל 1934 כתב "אל ג'אמיעה אל-ערביה" של החוסיינים (בהזדמנות פתיחת שידור בארי), שאיטליה היא המעצמה היחידה שיש לה מגמות כלכליות ותרבותיות בלבד והשואפת להתקרב אל המזרח. באותו עתון כתב (35.4.4) שכיב ארסלאן, שמוסוליני הוא אישיות עצומה. מנהיג המדיניות האירופית ושאין הערבים צריכים לרגוש מחמת הממשלה החבשית הרודפת את המוסלמים. בימי מלחמת-חבש תמכו עתוני החוסיינים באיטליה, ועתוני האופוזיציה בחבשים. (בשנת 1937 הפך גם "פאלשתין" פרו - איטלקי). בצד איטליה התחילה גם גרמניה הנאצית להרים את קרנה בין הערבים והצליחה בכך, ביחוד בימי המאורעות. ביום 22 במאי 1937, יום חג. התנפנפו דגלים נאציים גדולים ביפו. חזית הבית של אגודת הפועלים היתה מקושטת צלבי קרס. בבתים רבים נראו צלבי קרס ותמונות הפיהרר, הדוצ'ה ומנהיגי המרד. בשנת 1938 ביקרו מאה ערבים ארצישראליים בוועידת המפלגה הנאצית בנירנברג. אין צורך לתאר, מה גדולה היתה השפעת הנצחונות הגרמניים, בתקופה הראשונה של המלחמה, על ערביי הארץ, ומה קשה היה אחר כך רושם מפלתם: מצרי, שביקר בארץ בימים שלאחר כיבוש ברלין כתב: "העם בוכה בבוקר ומתייפח בערב. ומכה על לחיו בין בוקר וערב."]- ↑ 170.0 170.1 The Sentinel, 25 February 1937 — Arabs Like Nazis , Says Moslem
- ↑ Scores of Jews Reported Injured, Shops Looted After Baghdad Arab Demonstrations, JTA, July 18, 1937.
Jerusalem, July 18. (JTA) -- Scores of Jews were injured in Baghdad, Capital of Iraq, thirty so seriously they were sent to hospitals, and many Jewish shops were pillaged, after mass demonstrations against Zionism, according to reports received here today.
All Jewish shops in the city had been closed throughout the day because of the demonstration, called to protest Partitioning of Palestine and led by Auni Bey Abdul Hadi, Militant Palestinian Arab Nationalist.- ↑ Mallmann, Klaus-Michael., Cüppers, Martin. Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine. United Kingdom: Enigma Books, 2010. 38-39.
According to the German consul in Jaffa, Timotheus Wurst, in late March 1936 the Muslim Palestinians were "deeply impressed by fascist, particularly National Socialist, teachings and views. National Socialism, with its anti-Jewish notions, has struck a chord among the Arabs of Palestine... battle against Zionism. Among the Arabs, fascism and National Socialism have in many cases become the standards against which all other political systems and teachings are measured, and, in the eyes of many Arabs, Adolf Hitler is without a doubt simply the most important man of the 20th century. Our Führer's popularity is so great that there can hardly be a single Arab, even the lowliest peasant, who doesn't know the name of Hitler."Like the Boy Scouts, the Istiqlal Party in particular has "embraced the National Socialist theses to the greatest extent. The Istiqlal Party organ, The Defense, has a markedly National Socialist orientation." One year later, the Völkischer Beobachter printed an interview with the party's president, Auni Abd el-Hadi.
In the interview, he admitted proudly that while he was interned by the British he had thoroughly worked through the English translation of Mein Kampf.- ↑ Scores of Jews Reported Injured, Shops Looted After Baghdad Arab Demonstrations, JTA, July 18, 1937.
Jerusalem, July 18. (JTA) -- Scores of Jews were injured in Baghdad, Capital of Iraq, thirty so seriously they were sent to hospitals, and many Jewish shops were pillaged, after mass demonstrations against Zionism, according to reports received here today.
All Jewish shops in the city had been closed throughout the day because of the demonstration, called to protest Partitioning of Palestine and led by Auni Bey Abdul Hadi, Militant Palestinian Arab Nationalist.- ↑ Arab apprentices Admire Hitler, Davar, March 10, 1937.
- ↑ Davar - דבר, 18 March 1937.
Nazi poison The Association for Made in Israel submits: The agent of the well-known German company "Knoll" has been staying in Jerusalem for two weeks. While visiting an Arab pharmacy, an Arab patient came in with a prescription and asked for medicine. The owner of the pharmacy sent the wholesaler to fetch the medicine, the agent saw the packaging and found out that the medicine was made in Israel, approached the 'patient' and began preaching Nazi-style morals about buying "Jewish products from Tel Aviv." By the way, he took the prescription from him and saw that the doctor was also a Jew, he could not resist and told the Arab "Not only are you as an Arab should be ashamed to buy the Zionist products, you also go to a Jewish doctor and this is a danger for you, the Jewish doctor and the Jewish factory [sic] can poison you." This was said in the presence of an agent of a well-known English factory, who considered him an Englishman. It is worth noting that this Nazi agent arranges large orders among the Jews.
רעל נאצי האגוד למען תוצרת הארץ מוסר: זה שבועיים שוהה בירושלים הסוכן של החברה הגרמנית הידועה "קנולל" . בשעת בקורו בבית מרקחת ערבי נכנס חולה ערבי עם רצפט ובקש תרופה. בעל בית המרקחת שלח לסיטונאי להביא את התרופה, בראות הסוכן את האריזה והוברר לו שהתרופה היא מתוצרת הארץ, נגש ל"פאציאנט" והתחיל להטיף לו מוסר בסגנון נאצי על שהוא קונה "תוצרת היהודים מתל־אביב". אגב לקח מידו את הרצפט וראה שגם הרופא הוא יהודי, לא יכול להתאפק ואמר לו לערבי "לא בלבד שאתה בתור ערבי צריך להתבייש לקנות תוצרת הציונים, הנך גם הולך לרופא יהודי וזוהי סכנה בשבילך, הרופא היהודי ובית החרושת היהודי יכולים גם להרעיל אותך" זה נאמר בנוכחותו של סוכן של בית חרושת אנגלי ידוע, שחשבוהו לאנגלי. כדאי להעיר שהסוכן הנאצי הזה מסדר הזמנות גדולות אצל היהודים.
- ↑ 176.0 176.1 "ALL ARABS CELEBRATE PROPHET'S BIRTHDAY; Christians Join Moslems in Fete Unprecedented in Palestine--Hitler and Duce Cheered". Wireless to The New York Times. May 23, 1937, Section General, Page 31.
- ↑ 177.0 177.1 Swastikas Fly As Arabs Mark Mohammed’s Birthday, JTA, May 23, 1937.
- ↑ Simon, Reeva S.. The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa: The Impact of World War II. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2019. [35].
- ↑ Arielli, N.. Fascist Italy and the Middle East, 1933–40. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010; Arielli, N.. Italian Involvement in the Arab Revolt in Palestine, 1936-1939. 2008. [36].
- ↑ Julián Schvindlerman, "When Hitler Became Abu Ali," The Miami Herald, Friday, June 9, 2002, p. 39. [37] [38] Arabs Admirers of Nazism...
Nazi Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels praised the Arabs' "national .. conscience," noting that "Nazi flags fly in Palestine and they adorn their houses with Swastikas and portraits of Hitler.- ↑ ha-Arets - הארץ, 23 May 1937
The Arab press on the processions The Arab newspapers from Shabbat ... devoted almost all their pages in honor of this day ... and enthusiastically describe the ornaments in the various cities in honor of holiday. 'Falastin' particularly emphasizes the participation of Christians in the day of remembrance of the Arab "prophet". The newspaper announces that two Nazi flags were hoisted on Bustros Street and the swastika was painted on the entrance gates of the Arab Workers' Association. Many Arabs painted the swastika on the blank part of the Arab flag. Pictures of Mussolini, Hitler and Kaukji were hung in various places and in the store entrances.
... 'Falastin' notes in a special way that the Italian and German business and office owners in Haifa decorated their shops and offices and participated in the "holiday"...- ↑ ha-Arets - הארץ 21 May 1937 —Arab demonstrations in Haifa and Jerusalem [הפגנות ערבים בחיפה ובירושלם]
Arab demonstrations in Haifa and Jerusalem... As early as Thursday, hundreds of Arabs gathered near the Jerini Mosque and the Eastern Gate (Bab Sharqiya الشرقيّة), singing national songs to the sound of drums and dances, wielding swords and raising fireworks. Arabs raised on their shoulders shouted for the lives of Arab kings, the Mufti of Jerusalem, Advocate Wadia al-Bustani (who handles the release of Acre prisoners) and in memory of the well-known Sheikh Izz Din Qassam... Last night, at about 8 o'clock, the number of Arab congregations in the east of the city increased. And their number reached thousands of people. These tried to pass through Kings Street to the end of the old shopping center and from there wanted to return through Hamra Square and Market Street to the Istiqlal Mosque. During the procession, cries were heard for the life of Fawzi Kawkaji, Arab kings, Sheikh Qassam. When the news was delivered late in the evening, cheers continued near this mosque.
Pictures of Hitler and Mussolini ahead of the "Prophet" holiday In preparation for the ... holiday, which will be on Shabbat, many preparations are being made in Jerusalem on behalf of the perfect to glorify and decorate the holiday. Arab houses were hoisted on many houses and the streets were decorated.
At the entrance to the Old City on David Street, a large gate of honor decorated with large Arab flags was erected.
It is worth noting that the Arab cafe 'Khwat al-Maraf' near the Jaffa Gate was decorated with large Arab flags ... and two large pictures of Mussolini and Hitler.
Dozens of Arabs crowded to see this special "decoration" in honor of the perfect religious holiday.
Yesterday evening, about 200-300 Arab brats gathered, most of them schoolchildren, and held a demonstration in the streets of the Old City. They chanted slogans against the government and sang inciting songs of the well-known kind ...- ↑ 183.0 183.1 183.2 183.3 183.4 Yaakov Lappin, Nazis 'shipped arms to Palestinians', YNet, May 7, 2006.
Historical documents in Britain’s National Archives in London show that Nazi Germany attempted to ship arms to Palestinian forces in the 1930s.A British Foreign Office report from 1939 reports of “news of a consignment of arms from Germany, sent via Turkey and addressed to Ibn Saud (king of Saudi Arabia), but really intended for the Palestine insurgents.” Britain’s chief military officer in Mandatory Palestine also noted reports “regarding import of German arms at intervals for some years now.” British documents from the same period, and German records photographed by an American spy and sent to the British government, said that a number of Nazi agents were sent to Mandatory Palestine, in order to forge alliances with Palestinian leaders, and urge them to reject a partition of the land between the Jewish and Arab populations. One Nazi agent, Adam Vollhardt, arrived in Palestine in July 1938, and was reported to have gained strong influence with Arab leaders, meeting with Palestinian leaders throughout 1938. Vollhardt held several meetings with leading Arab politicians and told them “that the Palestine question would be settled to the satisfaction of the Arabs within a few weeks,” adding that “it would be fatal to their (Palestinians’) cause if at this juncture they showed any signs of weakness or exhaustion.” “Germany was interested in the settlement of the (Palestine) question on the basis of the Arabs obtaining their full demands,” Vollhardt was reported to say to Palestinian leaders, according to a report by the British War Office. Vollhardt also assured Arab leaders that “the Germans could continue to support the Palestinian Arab cause by means of propaganda.” German documents photographed and sent to Whitehall by an American spy revealed that in 1937, German officials had calculated that “Palestine under Arab rule would… become one of the few countries where we could count on a strong sympathy for the new Germany.” ‘Arabs admire our Fuhrer’ “The Palestinian Arabs show on all levels a great sympathy for the new Germany and its Fuhrer, a sympathy whose value is particularly high as it is based on a purely ideological foundation,” a Nazi official in Palestine wrote in a letter to Berlin in 1937. He added: “Most important for the sympathies which Arabs now feel towards Germany is their admiration for our Fuhrer, especially during the unrests, I often had an opportunity to see how far these sympathies extend. When faced with a dangerous behaviour of an Arab mass, when one said that one was German, this was already generally a free pass.” A second Nazi agent, Dr. Franz Reichart, was reported to be actively working with Palestinian Arabs by the British Criminal Investigation Division “to help coordinate Arab and German propaganda.” Reichart was also head of the German Telegraphic Agency in Jerusalem. German records show that the Nazis viewed the establishment of a Jewish state with great concern. A 1937 report from German General Consulate in Palestine said: “The formation of a Jewish state… is not in Germany’s interest because a (Jewish) Palestinian state would create additional national power bases for international Jewry such as for example the Vatican State for political Catholicism or Moscow for the Communists. Therefore, there is a German interest in strengthening the Arabs as a counter weight against such possible power growth of the Jews.” Jewish refugees abandoned The records also show that the news of increased Nazi-Arab cooperation panicked the British government, and caused it to cancel a plan in 1938 to bring to Palestine 20,000 German Jewish refugees, half of them children, facing danger from the Nazis. Documents show that after deciding that the move would upset Arab opinion, Britain decided to abandon the Jewish refugees to their fate. “His Majesty’s Government asked His Majesty’s Representatives in Cairo, Baghdad and Jeddah whether so far as they could judge, feelings in Egypt, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia against the admission of, say 5,000 Jewish children for adoption… would be so strong as to lead to a refusal to send representatives to the London discussions. All three replies were strongly against the proposal, which was not proceeded with,” a Foreign Office report said.
"If war were to break out, no trouble that the Jews could occasion us, in Palestine or elsewhere, could weigh for a moment against the importance of winning Muslim opinion to our side," Britain’s Minister for Coordination of Defence, Lord Chatfield, told the British cabinet in 1939, shortly before Britain reversed its decision to partition its mandate, promising instead all of the land to the Palestinian Arabs.- ↑ 184.0 184.1 Nazi Agents Infiltrated Mandatory Palestine Prior to World War II. By David Krusch, JVL.
Smuggled photographs of documents from Nazi Germany prior to World War II offer insight into a secret alliance between Nazi agents and Palestinian leaders. These German documents, photographed by an American spy in 1937 and sent to British intelligence, are now housed in the British National Archives in London. The documents show, among other things, that the Nazis attempted to send a shipment of arms "via Turkey and addressed to Ibn Saud, but really intended for the Palestinian insurgents."According to British documents and photographed Nazi records, several Nazi agents were sent to Mandatory Palestine to meet with Palestinian leaders, and influence them into rejecting a proposed partition plan which would divide the Jewish and Arab populations. Adam Vollhardt, a Nazi agent, was sent to Palestine in July 1938, and held several meetings with Arab leaders. He told Palestinian leaders that “Germany was interested in the settlement of the question on the basis of the Arabs obtaining their full demands,” and the "Germans could continue to support the Palestinian Arab cause by means of propaganda." Germany believed that Palestine under Arab control would be one of the few countries that would give "strong sympathy" to the new Germany under Nazi rule. A report from German General Consulate in Palestine in 1937 stated, "The formation of a Jewish state…is not in Germany's interest because a (Jewish) Palestinian state would create additional national power bases for international Jewry such as for example the Vatican State political Catholicism or Moscow for the Communists." The Nazis attempted to boost the power of Palestinian leaders in order to counter Jewish national aspirations for a state in Palestine. In 1937, a Nazi official wrote a letter from Palestine to Berlin which said that Palestinian Arabs showed "a great sympathy for new Germany and its Fuhrer…based on a purely ideological foundation." Another agent, Dr. Franz Reichart was working in conjunction with Palestinians "to help coordinate Arab and German propaganda."
The documents also show that due to increased Nazi-Arab alliances, the British government cancelled a plan in 1938 to bring 20,000 German Jewish refugees to Palestine so it would not upset Arab opinion. A British Foreign Office report said that when British representatives in Arab countries were asked if Arab governments would support a proposal to bring 5,000 Jewish children to Palestine for adoption, they said the reaction would be so strongly negative that the Arabs would probably refuse to even send delegates to London to discuss such a proposal. Lord Chatfield, Minister for Coordination of Defence, was quoted as saying, "If war were to break out, no trouble that the Jews could occasion us…could weigh for the a moment against the importance of winning Muslim opinion to our side." Therefore, 20,000 Jewish refugees, many of them children, were abandoned and left in Nazi Germany to face the horrors of the Holocaust.- ↑ 185.0 185.1 Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945: Poland; The Balkans; Latin America; the smaller powers, June 1937-March 1939. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953. 755-6; Document on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945: series D.. United States: n.p., 1953. [39]
- ↑ Ben-'Ezer, Ehud. Anshe Sedom. Israel: ʻAm 'oved, 1968. 219.
...In his place was appointed Consul Walter Dohle, who had been a loyal Nazi since the 1920s in Germany. In July 1937, during the events, which were in fact an armed Arab uprising directed against the Jews and the British Mandate alike, the Mufti, who was now the leader of the country's Arabs, visited Dohle and proposed cooperation between the Arabs and the Axis powers against England, France and the Jews....במקומו נתמנה לקונסול ולטר דֶהלה שהיה נאצי נאמן עוד משנות העשרים בגרמניה. ביולי 1937, בתקופת המאורעות, שהיו למעשה מרד ערבי מזוין המכוון נגד היהודים והמנדט הבריטי כאחד, ביקר המופתי, שהיה עתה מנהיגם של ערביי הארץ, אצל דהלה והציע שיתוף-פעולה בין הערבים לבין מעצמות הציר נגד אנגליה, צרפת והיהודים.
- ↑ Steininger, Rolf. Germany and the Middle East: From Kaiser Wilhelm II to Angela Merkel. United States: Berghahn Books, 2018. 43-4
- ↑ 188.0 188.1 188.2 Lyn Julius, "Arab anti-Semitism, and the Nazis", Jewish Journal, February 8, 2018.
In 1937, Walter Doehle, German consul in Jerusalem, wrote: “Palestinian Arabs in all social strata have great sympathies for the new Germany and its Führer … If a person identified himself as a German when faced with threats from an Arab crowd, this alone generally allowed him to pass freely. But when some identified themselves by making the ‘Heil Hitler’ salute, in most cases the Arabs’ attitude became expressions of open enthusiasm, and the German gave ovations, to which the Arabs responded loudly.” [...] The Mufti was personally responsible for the deaths of 20,000 European Jews murdered in the Nazi Holocaust. He organized the killing of 12,600 Bosnian Jews by Muslims, whom he recruited to the Waffen-SS Nazi-Bosnian division. He personally stopped 4,000 children, accompanied by 500 adults, from leaving Europe and had them sent to Auschwitz and gassed; he prevented another 2,000 Jews from leaving Romania and 1000 from leaving Hungary for Palestine – they too were sent to death camps...
The ghost of Nazi-inspired, anti-Jewish bigotry was never exorcised from the Arab world. In fact Arabs became its torch-bearers. On Jan. 14, Palestinian Authority leader Mahmoud Abbas, whose university thesis was an exercise in Holocaust denial, shocked all right-thinking individuals with a speech dripping with anti-Semitism, and blaming the Jews for their own deaths in the Holocaust.- ↑ 189.0 189.1 David Lee Preston, Hitler's Swiss Connection, The Philadelphia Inquirer, Jan. 5, 1997.
He was an unrepentant Nazi who devoted his life to aiding Adolf Hitler's surviving henchman and those he saw as Hitler's natural anti-Jewish successors: Arab terrorists. He was a financier of fascism, and a manager of the hidden Swiss treasure of third Reich. A shadowy figure in six decades of international intrigue, he masterminded an airplane hijacking, underwrote attacks on Israel and paid for the defense of Adolf Eichmann, Klaus Barbie and "Carlos the Jackal." An anti Jewish propagandist, he made a fortune publishing Nazi tracts...
In 1934, back in Switzerland, the 19 year old Genoud joined the pro-Nazi National Front, and two years later he began to forge the other political links that would prove so valuable. He traveled to Palestine. There he met the grand mufti of Jerusalem, the pro-Nazi religious and political leader of Palestinian Muslims, Amin el-Husseini, who was to spend most of World War II in Germany, and who, according to British author Gitta Sereny, "would consider [Genoud] a confidant until his death in 1974."
Genoud traveled to Berlin frequently during the war "to see his friend the grand mufti," and visited him afterward many times in Beirut, according to Le Monde correspondent Jean-Claude Buhrer. The grand mufti "entrusted Genoud with the management of his enormous financial affairs," according to Sereny. Working for both Swiss and German intelligence agencies, Genoud traveled extensively in the Middle East.- ↑ Moubayed, Sami. Syria and the USA: Washington's Relations with Damascus from Wilson to Eisenhower. United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012. 42-43. [40]
Nazi influence in Syria The Second World War had an immediate and direct effect on Syria, because of the French mandate. At a grassroots level, the people of Syria were enchanted with Adolf Hitler, united in a desire to defeat the French. Crowds gathered in the old cafes of Damascus to listen to Hitler's inflammatory speeches while his autobiography Mein Kampf became a national bestseller in Syrian bookstores, after being translated into Arabic. The Syrians even provided transit facilities for German planes being sent to the East through Damascus, Aleppo and Palmyra. True, the Third Reich was a dictatorship – no different perhaps from what France had brought to Syria in 1920 – but so long as it was willing to help the Syrians achieve independence, they did not really care what kind of system it imposed on Europe. Prominent nationalists in Syria took up Hitler's cause, notably the youth leader Fakhri al-Barudi, and the Damascus, notable Shukri al-Quwatli, aided by King Farouk of Egypt who was also vehemently pro-Nazi. One vehicle for advancing Nazi goals in Syria was al-Nadi al-Arabi (The Arab Club) a secular organization that preached Arab nationalism and emancipation from European control. It was founded by Said Fattah al-Imam, a young Syrian educated in Berlin during the inter-war years, who was close to both Quwatli and Barudi.
In 1936, Imam travelled twice to Germany, once even meeting personally with Hitler to try to talk him in to shipping arms to the Palestinians and Syrians so they could use them to fight off the British and the French.- ↑ Lebl, Ženi. Haj Amin and Berlin. 1996. p. 41.
המופתי לא ויתר, ושליחו השני יצא בדצמבר 1937. היה זה ד"ר סעיד עבד אל-פתח אל- אימאם, סורי לאומני, מייסד "המועדון הערבי" בדמשק ואגודת הערבים הלומדים בגרמניה. ד"ר אל־אימאם הביא למשרד התעמולה של גבלס איגרת המלצה של המופתי, אשר הסתיימה במלים "הייל היטלר!".
The mufti did not give up, and his second emissary left in December 1937. It was Dr. Said Abd al-Fattah al-Imam, a Syrian nationalist, the founder of the "Arab Club" in Damascus and the association of Arabs studying in Germany. Dr. al-Imam brought a letter to the Goebbels Propaganda Office a recommendation by the mufti, which ended with the words "Heil Hitler!".- ↑ Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945, from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953.(No.576). p.777.
The Propaganda Ministry to the Foreign Ministry... BERLIN, November 24, 1937. MY DEAR HERR KNOTHE:
Having been unsuccessful, despite several attempts, in reaching you by telephone today, I should like in this letter to ask if I may trouble you for an appointment. I come from Damascus on behalf of the Grand Mufti of Palestine, His Excellency Haj Amin al-Husayni, who at the present time is in Beirut, and also on behalf of the Great Arabian Club in Damascus and the Administrative Board of the National Bureau for Propaganda and Public Enlightenmen and I am planning to return to Damascus after our conference. Herr Geiger, the Chief of the Ortsgruppe of the NSDAP in Beirut, with whom you are very well acquainted, gave me a letter to you at the time of our first conversation, and he will get in touch with you as soon as he has assumed his new post in the German Embassy in Paris. I should be very grateful if you would have a message sent me at telephone number 664403 as to when I may call on you in person. H-il Hitler!
DR . IMAM.
[These documents were also sent to the War Ministry and to the Dienststelle Ribbentrop.]- ↑ Anabda Dorschel-Dan, Secret file reveals Haganah feared Eichmann infiltration post-WWII, TOI, Aug 25, 2015
- ↑ 194.0 194.1 194.2 Chen Malul, Adolf Eichmann’s Secret Visit to Palestine, The Librarians [בלוג הספרייה הלאומית], Nov 6, 2017.
Years before Eichmann was brought to Israel to stand trial, the notorious mass-murderer visited Mandatory Palestine in 1937 while disguised as a journalist... "Eichmann reported from his visit to Israel: The creation of a Jewish State must be prevented", Maariv, 28th of April, 1961...
On 2 October 1937 the Romania docked at the port of Haifa, carrying the two Nazi officials who travelled incognito as a German journalist and a student. Their application to enter Mandatory Palestine was denied by the Mandatory authorities. It is not clear whether the two had been identified or whether their entry permits had aroused the suspicion of the customs officials. In any event, they were given a temporary entry permit for one night only. Disappointed by the failure of their mission, the two toured Haifa and spent the night on Mount Carmel. After the time they were allotted was up, they sailed for Egypt where they met with Mufti Amin al-Husseini and...
Even though the two Nazi representatives had been within the borders of Palestine for less than a day, Adolf Eichmann considered himself a qualified expert on the future of the state-in-the-making. In a detailed report to his superiors, Eichmann wrote that the economic situation of the Jewish settlement was dire, and it did not appear that it would improve any time soon. He did not tie the difficult situation to either geopolitical or material conditions but (as befitting a good Nazi) blamed it on the Jews’ ...
Eichmann’s great fear was that the expulsion of the Jews from Germany would contribute in the future to the establishment of a stronger and prosperous Jewish entity that would rely on the great wealth which the deportees would bring with them to Palestine...- ↑ Heinrich Himmler | Holocaust Encyclopedia.
It was Himmler whom Hitler entrusted with the planning and implementation of the "Final Solution." In his most quoted speech, that of October 4, 1943, in Poznan to a gathering of SS generals, Himmler explicitly justified the mass murder of the European Jews in the following words:
"In front of you here, I want to refer explicitly to a very serious matter….I mean here…the annihilation of the Jewish people…. Most of you will know what it means when 100 corpses lie side by side, or 500 or 1,000…. This page of glory in our history has never been written and will never be written….We had the moral right, we were obligated to our people to kill this people which wanted to kill us."- ↑ העולם הזה, גליון 1235 - 17 במאי 1961. This World. Issue 1235 - May 17, 1961.
Heydrich - Commander of the Security Lines at SSAmong the tens of thousands of books by the National Library in Jerusalem, this week I found a forgotten book that no one has touched in years. He is one of a kind. Name of the book: 'SS - Combat Organization To the War on...', by Heinrich Himmler. The first page of this book is decorated with a rubber stamp, bearing a swastika and the words: "Party The German National Socialist Workers - Haifa Branch. "
Under the stamp, a personal dedication in this language: "Dedicated cordially to the party branch in Haifa - Berlin, November 2, 1937 The National Commander of the SS
Below that, his personal signature by Heinrich Himmler, in blue ink.
The date is not accidental. A month earlier, on October 2, 1937, the SS sergeant Adolf Eichmann had visited in Haifa. He stayed in the city for a few hours, met with the local Nazis and got into a taxi on Mount Carmel, before continuing on his way to Cairo, due to lack of permission to stay in the country. And Eichmann's report on this trip bears the date - 4.11.37 and there is no doubt that Himmler sent the book as a gift to the Haifa branch at the request of Eichmann (through his superiors), as a token of gratitude to the Haifa Nazis.
The first chapter of the book is dedicated to Jews... Haman was the prime minister of the Persian nation, which is an Aryan nation. He understood the Jewish....
These "wisdom" words of Heinrich Himmler are not important in themselves. They prove, at most, That the chief commander of the SS. Suffering, in addition to its racist madness, is also historiosophical. However, there is one detail in this description, which is extremely important. Himmler notes that Haman decided to "resolve the problem of the Jews."
Himmler does not specify what the proposed solution was. But the Bible itself teaches that the solution will be through the destruction of peoples, the physical extermination of the Jews throughout the empire The mighty Persian, from India to Kush: "And books were sent by the hand of the runners into all the king's lands, To destroy, kill and lose all the Jews, from youth to old age, children and women, in one day ... and loot despise."
It is probable that in writing this book, Heinrich Himmler did not yet dream of the physical extermination of the Jews of the world... Yet the wording of this book proves that the seed of extermination lay in the very essence of the Nazi racist conception, and that this was its consistent conclusion, the conception designers did not even think of it in the first place, in full consciousness. Anti-Semitic racism was at the heart of the Nazi worldview. And the extermination of the Jews was the core of the antisemitic conception.
Such was the case when Himmler wrote this book - and when Corporal SS. In 1935, Adolf Eichmann reported for the first time to work in the 112th, 2nd Department of the Jewish Department of the Chief Bureau of the Security Service.- ↑ Prof. Moshe Zimmerman, Globes, 25.10.2015
- ↑ Danny Dayan of Yad Vashem, Maariv, Feb 19, 2022
- ↑ 199.0 199.1 'BLACK HITLER' JAILED TO AWAIT SENTENCE; Gorgeous Array of Sufi Abdul Hamid Avails Nought -- Found Guilty in Pamphlet Sale., The New York Times, January 16, 1935, Page 7. A ... dusky-skinned man stood before Magistrate Thomas Aurelio yesterday in Harlem Court. His name, he said, was Sufi Abdul Hamid. A year ago he was acquitted in the same court when the police accused him of urging his Negro followers to drive the Jews and Italians out of Harlem.[41][42]
- ↑ BLACK HITLER BEATS DEPORTATION MOVE. Times Union. Brooklyn, New York. 21 Jun 1935, Page 1.
Proves He Entered U. S. From Egypt Legally. Harlem's Black Hitler, as the followers of the picturesque, white-turbaned Sufi Abdul Hamid call him, was purged of violating the immigration laws today after he had convinced Ellis Island officials that he came into this country from Egypt legally.- ↑ Mark Christian Thompson, "Black Fascisms: African American Literature and Culture Between the Wars," (University of Virginia Press, 2007), p.10.
With this explosion of interest in the war came frequent, violent assaults on Italians in Harlem..
The Harlem soapboxer and putative "Black Hitler" Sufi Abdul Hamid and his "Don't Buy Where You Can't Work" boycott campaign were... in the speeches of the popular soapboxer Sufi Abdul Hamid that both the black and white presses referred to him as the "Black Hitler"...- ↑ Cary D. Wintz, Paul Finkelman, Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance", (Routledge, 2012).
... the appellation "black Hitler" in both the black and the white press with his rhetoric of black nationalism and virulent anti-Semitism.- ↑ Farrakhan In Top Echelon of America's Blacks, The Jewish Floridian, January 10, 1986, p. 12-A.
... Yet Nazi Germany in 1935 had no monopoly on anti-Semitism, nor was black America immune. The Louis Farrakhan of that era was Sufi Abdul Hamid. New York's self-styled - Black Hitler."
Born plain Eugene Brown in Philadelphia. Sufi as a youth went to sea, where he picked up a smattering of exotic languages, and then landed in Chicago where during the late 1920's he caused a sensation by draping his massive frame in a combination of jackboots, diamond-studded belt, flowing cape, and fez. First posing as a Bhuddist mystic, he soon claimed to be an African disciple of Mohammed, divinely ordained to redeem the South Side from Jewish merchants. His "Don't Buy Where You Can't Work Campaign shook loose few jobs in the depressed economy of the 1930's; but the shakedown payments he extracted from frightened businessmen financed his pur- chase of the private plane that flew him to New York in 1933.
IDENTIFYING himself from a soapbox on Harlem streetcorners as "the man that Jews fear, and arescared to death of." Sufi ranted against "Zionist colonialists" in Palestine, as well as "them Jews in Washington who rule us all."
An admirer of Haj Amin el Husseini, the notorious Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Sufi also courted both the German-American Bund and the Christian Front. His tirades hurt rather than helped efforts to win more and better jobs for blacks in Harlem's white-owned department stores. On the other hand, he could claim some credit for helping spark the Harlem Riot of 1935. If one knows about Sufi's antics in the 1930s, it is hard to escape a sense of history repeating itself in Farrakhan's rise during the 1980's. However, there are important differences between "then" and "now."
These explain why Sufi's decline came swiftly, while Farrakhan's isn't yet on the horizon. For one thing, that was a time when group libel wasn't necessarily considered protected free speech. Jewish organizations did more than damn Sufi 'in the court of public opinion'; they were able to put him on the defensive by repeatedly having him hailed before police magistrates for incitement to violence and disturbing the peace. FOR ANOTHER thing, black organizations forthnghtly condemned Sufi at the same time as they sought reconciliation with the Jewish community. By the late 1930s. New York's blacks and Jews were cooperating in an ambitious drive for equal employment opportunity.
Amidst wartime social tensions Harlem again erupted in the 1943 riot, but no anti-Semitic demagogue emerged, and the developing black-Jewish civil rights alliance worked to contain the damage to intergroup relations. Why is it unlikely that Louis Farrakhan our contemporary Sufi will quickly go the way of his predecessor, who was a spent force politically several years before his death in a plane crash in 1938? The overriding reason is that the current generation of black leaders is legitimizing him through their indifference to and sometimes tolerance of anti-Semitism. TAKE THE case of Mayor Marion Barry of Washington. D.C. Despite being implored to speak out, he waited seven weeks before he delivered one word of criticism of Farrakhan's July 22 anti-Semitic tirade in the Capitol. Fear has something to do with this silence but, I fear, cynicism also plays a role. The kind of cynicism that Molotov voiced about fascism in justifying the Hitler-Stalin pact of 1939: "It's just a matter of taste."
The most troubling finding of the Wiesenthal Center's public opinion poll taken over the past 20 years is not the significant incidence of anti-Semitism in the ghetto; it's the surprisingly high levels among younger, better-educated blacks on college cam- puses and in the professional world. The current generation of black leaders came of age during the 1970's, when their youthful mood of radical expectation often made them impatient with, and suspicious of Jews associated with the traditional or "moderate" civil rights agenda. Now, these leaders have carried this negative attitude into the 1980's...
Dr. Harold Brackman is visiting Assistant Professor in the History Department of the University of Kansas.
He is a special consultant on black- Jewish Relations for the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles.- ↑ Murray Friedman, "What Went Wrong? : The Creation & Collapse of the Black-Jewish Alliance," (Simon and Schuster, Sep 11, 2007), pp.92-93.
One of the most radical was a turbaned Muslim from Chicago named Sufi Abdul Hamid. In Chicago Sufi's exotic dress and his claim to have been divinely ordained by Muhammad to redeem the city's south side from Jewish merchants... New York his racist message lost none of its punch. Identifying himself as the black Hitler... even though many tenements owners were not Jewish. Indeed... blacks owned 75 percent of Harlem real estate in 1936 and that "Daddy" Browning, John D Rockefeller and the estate of John J. Astor were among the largest single property owners in the area. ... An admirer of Haj Amin el-Husseini, an Arab ally of Hitler and grand mufti of Jerusalem, Sufi openly courted the German-American Bund and the Nazi-like Christian Front...
Ultimately, however, Sufi's anti-Semitism backfired.- ↑ Jorda, Iwo. Araber-Aufstand. Wien: 1943. pp. 156, 187f, 257.
qted in Mallmann, Klaus-Michael., Cüppers, Martin. Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine. United Kingdom: Enigma Books, 2010. 39- ↑ The Sentinel, 4 June 1936.
Suspect Nazis in Palestine Uprising
Jerusalem, June 1 (JTA)— Suspicion of Nazi complicity in the Arab revolt increased when numerous German citizens from Tanganyika, speaking Arabic fluently, were arrested in Jaffa on suspicion of being connected with harbor disturbances.
The belief that Germany might be involved was strengthened when it was discovered that many of the rifles found with Arab rebels after uprisings at Nablus, Tulkarem and Jaffa, were of German make. Observers had previously inferred from that fact the Arabs were using new rifles that some foreign power might be implicated.
Arabs in lighters attempted to set Jewish boats in the temporary Tel Aviv harbor on fire by throwing tins of burning gasoline on board. Newspapers expressed the belief that Nazis were involved...- ↑ The Sentinel, 4 June 1936. Arabs Captured with Smuggled Nazi Arms
- ↑ French Paper Exposes Nazi Armament of Arab Terrorists, The Sentinel, 9 December 1937
- ↑ The American Jewish World, 9 September 1938 —Arab Terror Grows; Evidence of Fascist, Nazi Backing Seen
Arab Terror Grows; Evidence of Fascist, Nazi Backing Seen
JERUSALEM (Special)—Arab terrorists grow bolder and violence continues unabated in Palestine.
Evidence has become more concrete that Nazi and Fascist influence and money is backing the terrorist group as a means of embarrassing Britain.
While other banks have posted heavy guards against recurring holdups, the German and Italian banks continue business unguarded and their managers freely say they need no protection in an Arab country.
Notices are appearing calling for volunteers for the Arab rebellion, signed with the name of Youssef Abu Dura, rebel commander – in-chief.
While Arab policemen looked on indifferently an Arab crier went through Jaffa calling on Arab youth to enlist for expulsion of all infidels from Palestine and establishment of an Arab kingdom.
The Arab population appears to be more in fear of the vengeance of the terrorists than of punishment by the authorities.
A demand from rebel headquarters to Falastin, Arab daily, that it disobey the government order against publishing terrorist news , sent Falastin representatives into the hills for conference with the rebel authorities , and there are indications that Falastin, caught between prohibitory orders from the government and mandatory orders from the terrorists may suspend publication.
Terrorism mounts daily in the Tel Aviv-Jaffa area, and the Jewish community of Tel Aviv appealed to the government to permit enlistment of a Jewish defense corps and to erect a fence between the Arab and Jewish municipalities.
The appeal was made after a bomb explosion in which nine Jews were wounded, three seriously and destruction of a synagogue by incendiary fire.
Near the Damascus gate terrorist murdered a Christian Arab for giving information to the police.
Arab constable was murdered on the Jerusalem-Jaffa highway. Terrorist even destroyed a police post at the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem.
An appeal by Moslem religious leaders for abstinence from violence during the three-month penitentia period of Shehur Al Haram was angrily rejected by the terrorists.
According to figures published here by the Palestine Post 266 deaths by violence occurred in August. Include in this total were 48 Jews, 193 Arabs and 19 British soldiers or officials.- ↑ Forverts - פארװערטס, 15 September 1938.
Arabs Murder 10 Jews in Bloody Day of Terror. Hitler and Mussolini Send More Money to Terrorists. Jerusalem, Sep 15 - The Arab terror on Palestine is financed by Hitler and Mussolini. A report about it had sent in wire the well-informed correspondent of the 'New York Times', by Joseph Levy.
אראבער טויטע 10 אידען אין בלוטיגען טאג פון טעראר. היטלער און מוסאליני שיקען נאך געלד צו טעראריסטען. ירושלים, סעפט 15 - דער אראבישער טעראר און פאלעסטינא ווערט פינאנצירט פון היטלער'ן און מאסאליני'ען. א באריכט וועגן דעם האט צוגעשיקט אין א קעיבעל דעס גוט-אינפארמיטער קארעספאנדענט פון דער "נוא יארק טיימז", פונעם דזשאזעף מ. ליווי.- ↑ 211.0 211.1 HaMashkif - המשקיף, 11 December 1947.
European guides for the Arab gangs
Nazi prisoners of war who fled Egypt and anti-Semites from England
By our political writer
The Arab League announced yesterday in Cairo (Reuters affirms) that Germans from the Wehrmacht, and especially members of the African Corps, had announced their desire to volunteer for the Arab troops for the war in E"Y [Palestine] ...
Various European guides, Nazi prisoners of war and other foreigners are already participating in the training of the Arab gangs. The role of foreigners in previous riots is known, that in the days of the events of 1936-39 the help of German and Italian guides to the Arab gangs was widespread, and only thanks to it was it possible for the Arab gangs to last for a long time ...
Nazis and English offered their service to the Arabs
Cairo - more than 5,000 people, many of whom were soldiers in the First and Second World Wars, ran telegrams and letters from various parts of the British Empire, America and Europe to the Arab League headquarters, and offered their service to the Arab League -, it was reported yesterday ... Proposals from the French, and Germans who served in the Nazi Wehrmacht as well as in the 'Afrika Korps' were reported. [...] ... and the 'Haganah' rejects requests from Irish volunteers
'U P.' Brings an amendment to an article published yesterday on the desire of 6,500 American Irish to enlist in the Haganah (defense) of the Jewish community in Eretz Israel. David Wohl, a representative of the Americans for Haganah, said that their requests were rejected, first of all - because the 'Haganah' in Israel has between 60,000 and 80,000 members. And second, because the 'Haganah' does not want to endanger the lives of American citizens. מדריכים אירופיים לכנופיות הערביות שבויים נאציים שברחו ממצרים ואנטישמים מאנגליה מאת סופרנו המדיני הליגה הערבית מסרה אתמול בקהיר (כך מאשר רויט'רס, (כי גרמנים מן הוורמכט, ובמיוחד אנשי הקורפוס האפריקאי הודיעה על רצונם להתנדב לחילות הערבים למלחמה בארץ־ישראל... מדריכים אירופיים שונים גרמנים נאצים שבויי המלחמה וכן זרים אחרים משתתפים כבר באימון הכנופיות הערביות. תפקיד הזרים במהומות הקודמות ידוע, כי בימי המאורעות של 39־1936 היתה העזרה של המדריכים הגרמניים והאיטלקיים לכנופיות הערביות רבת־משקל, ורק הודות לה אופשר לכנופיות הערביות להחזיק מעמד במשך תקופה ארוכה...
נאצים ואנגלים הציעו שרותם לערבים
קהיר (ר) — למעלה מ־5,000 איש, שרבים מהם היו חיילים במלחמת העולם הראשונה והשניה, הריצו מברקים ומכתבים מחלקים שונים של האימפריה הבריטית, אמריקה ואירופה למפקדת הליגה הערבית, והציעו את שירותם לליגה הערבית כן נמסר אתמול... כן נמסר על הצעות מצרפתים, וגרמנים ששירתו בוורמכט הנאצי וכן ב'קורפוס האפריקני.' [...] ... וה'הגנה' דוחה בקשות מתנדבים אירים 'יו. פי.' מביאה תיקון לידיעה, שפורסמה אתמול, על רצונם של 6,500 אירים אמריקניים להתגייס להגנת הישוב העברי בארץ־ישראל. דוד ווהל, נציג 'אמריקאים למען ההגנה' אמר שבקשותיהם נדחו, ראשית - משום של'הגנה' בארץ-ישראל יש מ-60 עד 80 אלף חבר. ושנית- מפני שה'הגנה' אינה רוצה לסכן את חייהם של אזרחים אמריקניים.
- ↑ Foreign News: Best Seller, Time, Monday, Mar. 13, 1939.
Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf has earned its author an estimated $3,120,000 in royalties. Some $3,000,000 has come from Germany, where the volume is a "must" for every bookshelf, but there have also been respectable sales among Palestine Arabs...- ↑ Joseph M. Levy, PALESTINE OUTLOOK CONTINUES GLOOMY; Nazi Anti-Jewish Campaign Stirs Neighboring Lands--Moderate Arabs Swayed REVISIONISTS ARE FACTOR Moderate Arabs Swayed - More Terrorism Expected, The New York Times, July 24, 1938.
The strife in Palestine continues unabated and hopes for an improvement of conditions seem scant. One need not be a confirmed pessimist to despair of a possible return to normalcy in the near future.- ↑ נשף ערבי־נאצי בברלין — ha-Tsofeh (Tel Aviv - הצפה, 3 August 1938.
נשף ערבי־נאצי בברלין. לונדון(פאלקור—. ( סופרו הברלני של "דיילי טלגראף" מודיע כי בקלוב הערבי בברלין התקיים נשף ארצישראלי, שבו השתתפו מלבד העסקנים הערביים, השוהים עתה בברלין, גם כמה מראשי המפלגה הנאצית. בנאומיהם שנשאו בנשף דובר על הסולידאריות בין הגרמנים והערבים, המכוונה נגד היהודים ונגד אנגליה.
Arab-Nazi ball in Berlin. London (Palcor.) The Berlin writer of the "Daily Telegraph" announces that a Palestine ball was held at the Arab club in Berlin, in which, in addition to the Arab activists, who are now staying in Berlin, some of the leaders of the Nazi party also participated. In their speeches at the ball, they spoke of the solidarity between the Germans and the Arabs, directed against the Jews and against England.
- ↑ Statesman Journal from Salem, Oregon on September 16, 1938 - Page 1.
Hitler and Mussolini were brought to the fore in Palestine following the fuehrer's Nurnberg speech last Tuesday in which he said Arabs in the Holy Land were "Defenseless and left in the lurch."
Arabs greeted the statement Jubilantly, one spokesman declaring: "Now we are not without friends in Europe; our ultimate success as a nation lies in the hands of Hitler and Mussolini and not in Britain and France."- ↑ Pittsburgh Post-Gazette from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on October 10 1938 - Page 2.
Arabs in the Holy Land were hailing Adolf Hitler of Germany and Premier Benito Mussolini of Italy as their "hope" in the Arab-Jewish dispute. The Italian premier and the German Fuehrer were brought into Palestine's troubled picture following Hitler's Nuremberg speech of September -12 in which he said Arabs-in the Holy Land were "defenseless and left in the lurch."
Pin Hope to Hitler
An Arab spokesman greeted Hitler's: statement with this declaration: "Now we are not without friends in Europe; our ultimate success as a nation lies in the hands of Hitler and Mussolini and not Britain and France."- ↑ St. Petersburg Times - Sep 16, 1938.
Arabs Hail Hitler As Liberator; In Spain Franco Is Worried London. –(AP)– A broad scale of British reinforcements to troubled Palestine was announced here yesterday simultaneous with reports that Egypt was taking defense precautions in North Africa… Although the officials declined to disclose the exact number of troops going to Palestine, it was estimated 8,000 men were involved in the transfer to the Holy Land where many Arabs are hailing Reichsfuehrer Hitler of Germany and Premier Benito Mussolini of Italy as their "hope" in the Arab-Jewish dispute... Arabs Look to Hitler
Hitler and Mussolini were brought to the fore in Palestine following the fuehrer’s Nurnberg speech last Tuesday I which he said, Arabs in the Hoy Land were “defenseless and left in the lurch.”- ↑ The Palestine Post, 16 September 1938 — Page 2. [43]. [44].
FALASTIN DEFINES DICTATORSHIP PAPER DOUBTS HITLER'S SINCERE CONCERN Writing in its Tuesday's issue, Falastin devoted a leading article to the theory that Palestine was in the forefront of world affairs, and that the position in Palestine had become more grave in view of Herr Hitler's speech at Nuremberg. The paper expressed doubts as to whether the German Fuehrer was really and sincerely concerned with Arab rights or merely championed them in order to annoy the Democracies. The reference to Palestine in Herr Hitler's speech showed, the paper added, how parlous the situation here really was.
'Falastin' then explained that a dictatorship was really a State which had freed itself of Jewish influence, while democracies were countries which still bore that onus.- ↑ The Advocate: America's Jewish Journal. Vol. 94. United States: n.p., 1938. 20.
Falastin, commenting on Hitler's speech at Nuremburg, declared that a Dictatorship was really a state which had freed itself from Jewish influence, while democracies countries which still bore that onus.- ↑ The Australian Jewish News. 23 September 1938.
HUNDRED PALESTINE ARABS SAIL FOR NAZI CONGRESS. JERUSALEM.
A party of one hundred Arabs embarked for Germany today on the liner Galilee at Haifa, to attend the Nazi Party Congress at Nuremberg.- ↑ GERMANY: Centre (sic) Of The World!, TIME.com, Monday, Sept. 12, 1938.
Time. United States: Time Incorporated, 1938. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-PMeAQAAMAAJ&q= %22Jew-baiting%22%20arabs p. 32].Announced as Adolf Hitler's "honor guests" this week in Nürnberg were 100 certified Jew-baiting Arabs brought especially from Palestine and Africa...- ↑ 222.0 222.1 Gunther, John. Inside Asia. United States: Harper & Brothers, 1939. 528. [45] [46].
- ↑ Bensoussan, Georges. Jews in Arab Countries: The Great Uprooting. United States: Indiana University Press, 2019. 313.
The Reich multiplies its pamphlets and newspapers in Arabic, aimed at the 60,000 Muslim prisoners of war from the ... Nazi influence was such, that in July 1944 a Tunisian Francophile could still write: "cut open the heart of an Arab and you will find a little Hitler inside." ... "The sole man present in Germany"—this was the headline, under Hitler's portrait, in an Iraqi newspaper. Shop windows displayed his photo. This was the case in Jenin (in Palestine) in 1938 as well as in Baghdad in May 1941.- ↑ Palestine Post, 21 October 1938.
SPIRIT OF HITLER
The 'Scotsman' in a leading article on the Palestine question, states: "No British Government can impose a scheme which would ultimately make it possible for the Arabs to massacre the Jews. Such a solution breathes the spirit of Hitler, not of England."- ↑ The Australian Jewish News. 23 September 1938.
HUNDRED PALESTINE ARABS SAIL FOR NAZI CONGRESS.
JERUSALEM.
A party of one hundred Arabs embarked for Germany today on the liner Galilee at Haifa, to attend the Nazi Party Congress at Nuremberg.- ↑ GERMANY: Centre (sic) Of The World!, TIME.com, Monday, Sept. 12, 1938.
Announced as Adolf Hitler's "honor guests" this week in Nürnberg were 100 certified Jew-baiting Arabs brought especially from Palestine and Africa...- ↑ Warburg, Gustav Otto., Warburg, Gustav., Laski, Neville. Six Years of Hitler: The Jews Under the Nazi Regime. Germany: G.Allen & Unwin, 1939, (Chapter: Spreading the Poison), p. 279. Jones, Frederick Elwyn. The Attack from Within: The Modern Technique of Aggression. United Kingdom: Penguin Books, 1939, p.45.
- ↑ Y. Getz, "Shuk [Market] Shukeiri," Ma'ariv, 2 December 1966.
"Haj Amin fled from the British to Lebanon... Ahmad Shukeiri approached the German Consulate in Jerusalem... he told at the time, he was invited as a guest at the ceremony of the Nazi racial laws in Nuremberg..."- ↑ La Reforma [Al-Islah]. Santiago, 28 de agosto, 1938.
- ↑ Gerold Frank Is Dead at 91; Author of Celebrity Memoirs. By Dinitia Smith. New York Times. Sept. 19, 1998
- ↑ Frank, Gerold. The Deed. N.p.: Valmy Publishing, 2017. [47]
For the next three and a half years—1936 until September, 1939, when World War II broke out—the Arabs were to loot, terrorize, shoot, rape, attack Jewish settlements and lay waste to farms. The Mufti of Jerusalem, encouraged by Axis successes in Abyssinia and Central Europe, had seized power among the Palestine Arabs. What began as a six-month strike against increased Jewish immigration turned into a guerrilla war in which Arab extremists did not hesitate to attack their own moderates and even the British. The British Administration, hoping to appease the Arabs, met this challenge half-heartedly. It became unsafe for Jews to venture outside the Jewish quarters of the cities, or to travel in the country without armed guard.
Passing an Arab shop one might hear a record chanting in Arabic, "Slaughter the Jews!" Photographs of Hitler began to spring up in Arab barber shops and cafés, side by side with those of the Mufti. Youngsters in Arab villages marched about waving small swastika flags.- ↑ Yeme ha-kalaniyot: Erets Yisrael bi-tekufat ha-Mandat by Segev, Tom. Keter, 1999 [Page 341: Hilda Wilson the teacher from Bir Zeit ...] Page 335: … Wilson foresaw: "But he was a Jew!" They protested. Wilson tried to divert the discussion to the question of who a great man is: he is a man who influences the spirits of his contemporaries, Wilson said. Most of the students, she wrote, mentioned Adolf Hitler at the top of every list.
- ↑ Davar - דבר, 12 May 1939.
מוסקבה על יחסי חג' אמין — נאצים מוסקבה, 11. השלטונות הארצי-ישראליים מודאגים מטיסתו הפתאומית לברלין של דאוד אל־חוסייני, בן-דודו של המופתי. בחוגים יודעי דבר סבורים, כי דאוד חוסייני זה משמש כמקשר בין המופתי לשעבר והממשלה הגרמנית. בשנה האחרונה בלבד הוציאה גרמניה על תעמולה בין ערבים בארץ ישראל 60,000 לי"ש. Moscow on Relations Hajj Amin - Nazis Moscow, 11. The authorities in Israel [Palestine] are concerned about the sudden flight to Berlin of the Mufti's cousin. Knowledgeable circles believe that this Daoud Husseini serves as a liaison between the former Mufti and the German government.
In the past year alone, Germany has spent 60,000 pounds on propaganda amongst the Arabs in Israel [Palestine].- ↑ Parliamentary Debates: Official Report. United Kingdom: H.M. Stationery Office, 1938, p. 943. JEWISH CITIZENSHIP. HC Deb 12 April 1938 vol 334 cc943-8.
- ↑ Jones, Frederick Elwyn. The Attack from Within: The Modern Technique of Aggression. United Kingdom: Penguin Books, 1939, pp. 36-37, 43-44.; Brian of London, Nazi Pallywood 1938 And Fake Italian Charity Workers, IC, Mar 5, 2012. E. Weatherwax, The Attack Within by Elwyn Jones – the parallels with Hitler and Islam(ism), and 1939 and 2012, (March 2012).
- ↑ 236.0 236.1 Melka, Robert Lewis. The Axis and the Arab Middle East, 1930-1945. United States: University of Minnesota., 1966. 62.
Besides espousing a fanatic Pan-Arabism, the Futuwwa adopted a frankly totalitarian ideology, and, as though in recognition of kinship, in 1938 sent a delegation to a Hitler Youth rally in Berlin..- ↑ Gunitsky, Seva. Aftershocks: Great Powers and Domestic Reforms in the Twentieth Century. United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 2017. 132.
Iraq's radical youth movement al-Futuwwa was explicitly based on the Hitler Jugend; in 1938 the movement sent a representative to the Nuremberg rally, and soon afterwards hosted the leader of the Hitler Youth.- ↑ The Jewish community of ancient Babylonia - whose territory was part of what is now Iraq - Yad Vashem [48].
May 30, 2022.In 1938 the Al-Futuwwa youth organization sent a delegate to the Nuremberg Nazi party rally, and in turn hosted the Hitler Youth leader Baldur von Schirach in Baghdad.- ↑ Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas. Hitler's Priestess: Savitri Devi, the Hindu-Aryan Myth, and Neo-Nazism. New York: University Press, 1998. p. 174
Hitler had enjoyed quite a following among the nationalist youth of Egypt during the war, after Nassiri Nasser, the later president's brother, had published an Arab edition of Mein Kampf in 1939...- ↑ Patterson, David. A Genealogy of Evil: Anti-Semitism from Nazism to Islamic Jihad. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2010. p. 104.
The first Arabic-language edition of portions of Mein Kampf was published in Egypt in 1939 by Nassiri Nasser, the brother of Gamal Abdul Nasser who admired Hitler as the strongest man in Europe.- ↑ Arab "mein Kampf," Shipped from Egypt, Put on Sale in Palestine, JTA, January 26, 1939.
A large shipment of Hitler’s "Mein Kampf" in Arab translation arrived here from Egypt today and were immediately put on sale at one shilling (25 cents) each. The Egyptian firm that published the translation was reportedly financed by the Nazi Propaganda Ministry.- ↑ Davar - דבר, 19 February 1939.
[קאהיר מרכז לתעמולה נאצית בכל המזרח תעמלנים וחומר-הסתה נשלחים מקאהיר לארץ-ישראל, לסוריה, לסעודיה ולעיראק—. ארגון צבאי של הגרמנים בקאהיר—. עתוני לונדון מרבים לספר בשבועות האחרונים על הגברת פעולותיהם של הפאישיסטים הגרמניים והאיטלקיים במזרח הקרוב והתיכון, ובארץ ישראל בפרט. העתונים מסתמכים על עובדות ומעשים. המרכז הראשי לתעמולה הנאצית בכל המזרח הקרוב — כותב "דיילי האראלד" בגליון מ־3 בפברואר — הוא בקאהיר. למעלה. מ־3000 לירות לחודש! מוציא המרכז הזה לצרכי תעמולה במצרים בלבד.] Cairo the center for Nazi propaganda throughout the East Agitators and incendiary material are sent from Cairo to [Mandatory Palestine] Eretz-Israel, Syria, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Military organization of the Germans in Cairo—. Franco's emissaries in Syria.
In recent weeks, the London newspapers have often reported on the increased activities of the German and Italian fascists in the Near and Middle East, and in [Mandatory Palestine] Eretz-Israel in particular. The newspapers rely on facts and deeds. The main center of Nazi propaganda in the entire Near East - writes the "Daily Herald" in the issue of February 3 - is in Cairo. Over 3000 lira per month! is being spent by this center for propaganda purposes in Egypt alone...- ↑ Alexander, Edward. The State of the Jews : A Critical Appraisal. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 2012. 73.
-Alexander, Edward. The State of the Jews: A Critical Appraisal. United Kingdom: Routledge, 2017. 73.
-Edward Alexander, "Exploring Nazi-Palestinian Arab collaborations," JHV, May 08, 2008.Lebel suggests that the relations between the Arab and Nazi leaders were based on something more than a quid pro quo, i.e., Arab help in the Nazi war effort in exchange for Nazi help in the struggle against the Jews and British. the Jews and British. They also shared certain values, if bloodthirstiness and all-consuming Jew-hatred can be called "values."- ↑ 244.0 244.1 Zmanim. (1998). Israel: Zemorah, Bitan, Modan. p. 2.
In February 1932 the newspaper Falastin published an extensive article about Adolf Hitler; The thrilled writer enthusiastically and admiringly described the personality of Hitler, whom he called one of the greats of the New World or the "Iron Man of Germany."- ↑ Kabahā, Muṣṭafá. The Palestinian Press as Shaper of Public Opinion 1929-39: Writing Up a Storm. United Kingdom: Vallentine Mitchell, 2007. p.142.
Filastin expressed appreciation for Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and compared him to Palestinian leaders, saying: Hitler, who has proven himself a remarkable [sic] leader striving to redeem his people, did not rely on personal or family influence or on social, scientific and economic status.
He based his acts on the sincerity of his mission, while in Palestine the leaders are corrupt, liars, robbers, servants of the Mandate government, who prefer this government to the homeland and to the future of its sons.- ↑ 246.0 246.1 The Palestine Post, May 22, 1933.
"Noble Hitler" — Says "Falastin""Falastin" considers the Jews to be quite in the wrong in their criticism of anti-Jewish acts in Germany. Hitler is [sic[ Innocent and Noble, strong and beloved by his people and has succeeded in saving [sic] his country from the vile (sic) Jews."
The Elders of Zion are also dragged into Falastin's article . They rule the world and do not like Hitler and are doing all they can to overthrow him, writes the Jaffa paper- ↑ 247.0 247.1 Haggai Erlich, The Middle East Between the World Wars," vol.2; vol.5, Open University of Israel, 2002, p.81.
...But Falastin also reflected the overall view of fascism as a national and organizational prescription, for example the writer the physician and communist (and who was close to the 'Husseini' camp) Khalil al-Budeiri in Falastin, January 5, 1936: It is very easy to explain our youth's sympathy for the fascist idea. All the news passed on to us about this movement illustrates it as a new human revival that promises hope and prosperity. We, too, who are at the beginning of our national revival, should strive to achieve similar goals and communicate with the movements that aspire to them, this and more, adolescence tends to admire power and heroism ... No comprehensive research has yet been conducted on the mood of the Palestinians, but the journalism of the time (the same study by the historian Dr. Mustafa Kabha) shows a great deal of admiration for the power and solidity of Nazi Germany's achievements. May 14, 1933 The first months of the reign of the German dictator and exclaimed: "Will an Arab Hitler appear among us to awaken, unite and lead us to lead us to fight and defend our rights?" Al-Difa's newspaper had long published translated excerpts from Hitler's Mein Kampf's book. He kept a regular correspondent in Berlin who persisted in sending sympathetic articles about the achievements of the Nazi regime. The paper's editor, Ibrahim al-Shanti, called on Arab youth (in an article from June 1, 1934) to "learn from Hitler's actions and imitate them in order to achieve similar national achievements." The Jaffa-based Falastin, which criticized Mussolini, supported Hitler, as did almost all the other newspapers... The first page of the Jaffa-based Falastin issue dated April 29, 1939. The headline announces "Hitler's historic speech," in which he rejects the Roosevelt letter, the cancellation of the naval agreement with Britain and the cancellation of the nonaggression pact on Poland. In the center of the page, around the image of the brazened face of the Nazi ruler.. the body of the report, the subtitle summarizes other parts of Hitler's speech...
This speech of Hitler was accepted by many in the world as an act of a madman who consciously degenerates humanity into the abyss. In this way, for example, even the leader of the "Young Egypt", Ahmed Hussein, responded to these words, but the Jaffa-based 'Falastin' does not hide its sympathy. The title he chose is a quote from the Fuhrer "I have built in peaceful [ways] what others have destroyed by force."- ↑ Michael J Cohen, "Britain's Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948," Taylor & Francis, 2014, p. 398
- ↑ Gunther, John. Inside Asia. United States: Harper & Brothers, 1939. 558
- ↑ The Living Age ... ,(Littell, Son and Company, 1937), vol. 353, p. 304-5; In the Troubled Mediterranean. Italy Woos the Arabs, by Andre Palert. The Living Age, December 1, 1937, pp. 304-305.
Italy Woos The ArabsBy ANDRÉ PALERT Translated from Marianne, Paris Liberal Weekly. PREMIER MUSSOLINI'S attempts
to influence the Arab world against Britain, really date back a decade...- ↑ Howard Morley Sachar, "Europe Leaves the Middle East, 1936-1954," (Allen Lane, 1974), p. 50.
Similar accounts were published in October, 1938, by the respected French weekly Marianne. André Palert, the paper's special correspondent in Jerusalem, interviewed the Mufti at the latter's office in the Haram al-Sharif and was informed that Italian arms and funds were reaching the Holy Land, although in limited...- ↑ Der Tog - דער טאג, 6 November 1937. [49] [50].
Arabs demand money and arms from Hitler and Mussolini
Fugitive Arab leaders send intelligence to Rome and Berlin. - Two English soldiers killed in Jerusalem. - Head of Arab village near Haifa seriously injured. High commissioner cancels trip to Israel.
Jerusalem, Nov. 5 (Palcor). - The Palestinian Arab leaders, who fled to the neighboring countries, have chosen delegates who will travel to Rome and Berlin, with the aim of gaining support from Mussolini and Hitler in their fight against the English and the Zionists - this was reported in local Arab circles.
It is further reported that the Arab emissaries, apart from money, are also looking to get weapons for the Arab terrorist gangs in the Land of Israel.
Last night, individual shootings took place in different parts of the country. A mukhtar (chief) of an Arab village in Haifa was seriously wounded by a bullet fired at him by an Arab terrorist.
In Beit She'an, terrorists shot at the house of a local Arab leader. No one was found...
אראבער פארלאנגען געלט און געווער פון היטלער און מוסאליני
אנטלאפענע אראבישע פיהרער שיקען פארשטעהער קײן רױם און בערלין. — צװײ ענגלישע סאלדאטען דער'הרג'עט אין ירושלים. — הױפט פון אראבישען דארף לעבן חיפה ערנסט פארוואונדעט.—האי-קאמישאנער לײגט אפ רײזע קײן ארץ-ישראל.
ירושלים, נאװ. 5 (פאלקאר). — די פאלעסטינער אראבישע פיהרער, װעלכע זײנען אנטלאפען פוז דאנען אין די שכנות'דינע לענדער, האבען אויסגעקליבען דעלעגאטען װאס װעלען אינגיכען אפפארען קיין רױם און בערלין, מיט'ן צװעק צו קריגען שטיצע ביי מוסאליני'ן און היטלער'ן פאך זייער קאמף געגען די ענגלענדערי און די ציוניסטען — איז דא תיעט באריכטעט געװארען אין היגע אראבישע קרייזען.
עס װערט װייטער באריכטעט, אז די אראבישע שליחים װילען, אחוץ געלט, אויך זוכען צו באקומען געװעהר פאר די אראבישע טעראריסטישע באנדעס אין ארץ-ישראל.
נעכטען ביינאכט זיינען פארגעקומען איינצעלנע שיסערייען אין פארשדענע טיילען פון לאנד. א מוכטאר (הויפט) פון אן אראבישען דארף לעבען חיפה איז ערנסט פארװאונדעט געװארען פון א קויל, װאס אן אראבישער טעראריסט האט אוף איהם געפייערט.
אין בית־שאן האבען טעראריסטען אויסגעשאסען אויף דעם הױז פון א דארטיגען אראב'ישען פירער. קיינער איז ניט געטראפען געװארן...
- ↑ Jeff Jacoby (@Jeff_Jacoby) Tweeted (12 May, 2019)
In 1938, the French journal Marianne reported that Arabs in Palestine were enthusiastically pro-Nazi: “At Nablus, the Arab population [gives] shouts of ‘Heil Hitler’.… the Arab journals Falastin & Al Difa’a … reproduce large portraits of various leaders of the Third Reich.- ↑ Richard Mather, Hitler's war against Jews continues in 'Palestine', JPost, March 16, 2015.
In 1929, Husseini distributed pamphlets saying: “O Arabs, do not forget that the Jew is your worst enemy and has been the enemy of your forefathers.” He also announced that the Jews had “violated the honour of Islam.” This led to a pogrom in Jerusalem and a massacre in Hebron, where 60 Jews were killed and the town ethnically cleansed. The British attributed the attacks to "racial animosity on the part of the Arabs."- ↑ The Quarterly Review. United Kingdom: John Murray, 1938. 209; "Friends of Europe" Publications. United Kingdom: Friends of Europe., 1938. 26.
According to the Palestine Post , 'the editor of the extremist Arab daily "Ad-Difaa" visited Cairo to meet a "prominent German personage" and returned suddenly to expand its pages and greatly extend its news and pictorial services.' The swastika has appeared in Arab leaflets and German rifles have been captured more than once from Arab terrorists. In Damascus there is a club called El Nadi el Arrabi' (The Arab Club), which is generally known to be maintained from German sources.- ↑ [Philip J. Noel-Baker M.P. House of Commons, May 22nd, 1939] Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).: House of Commons official report, Vol. 347. Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. H.M. Stationery Office, 1938. Contains the 4th session of the 28th Parliament through the session of the Parliament., pp. 2045-6 Palestine 22 May 1939.
- Hearings, United States. Congress. House. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1943, pp. 456-7
- The Jewish National Home in Palestine: Hearings Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Seventy-eighth Congress, Second Session, on H. Res. 418 and H. Res. 419, Resolutions Relative to the Jewish National Home in Palestine. February 8, 9, 15, and 16, 1944, Volume 1.United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1944, pp. 456-7 [51].
- ↑ "POWER POLITICS: Semitic Friends," Times, Monday, July 03, 1939.
In Germany hand-picked Arabs are invited as honor guests to the Nazi Party's annual Congress at Nürnberg, where they usually hear Nazi orators bait the Jews. Both Nazi and Fascist newspapers, moreover, rarely miss a chance to fight the battle of the Arab in Palestine and Syria. Last week they found some choice items to report...- ↑ The Palestine Post, 3 September 1939 — HITLER IN ARABIC FROM BERLIN
- ↑ Hajj Amin al-Husayni: The Mufti of Jerusalem Holocaust Encyclopedia
- ↑ Dalin, David. Icon of Evil: Hitler's Mufti and the Rise of Radical Islam, (Taylor & Francis, 2017), chapter 6.
'From his youth, al-Husseini believed in the credibility of these accusation of... ritual murder.'- ↑ 261.0 261.1 Axis Radio Stations Intensify Anti-jewish Broadcasts to Arabs in Palestine. Syria, JTA, January 21, 1942.
Paving the way for a possible attack on Turkey and for an invasion through Turkey into Syria and Palestine, both Germany and Italy today loosed a barrage of anti-Jewish propaganda in Arabic from their broadcasting stations in Zeesen, Athens and Bari. The Axis broadcasts were all directed to the Arabs in Syria and Palestine. They alleged that England intends to incorporate Syria in a Jewish State and to provide preferential treatment for Jewish traders both in Syria and in Palestine. The Athens station went so far as to revive the Damascus blood libel of 1840 in order "to prove the criminal tendencies of the Jews and their love for bloodshed." Announcing that today’s broadcast “is the first of a series on Jewish criminal activities,” the Athens radio station went into great details concerning the notorious Damascus Affair and stated that some of the Arab leaders in Palestine who support England in the present war are descendants of the Jewish families who were involved in the Damascus case. It warned the Arabs in Palestine and Syria not to permit themselves to be influenced by these "Moslem converts who aim to enslave the Arab people."
The belief was expressed here today that the new note of anti-Jewish incitement in the Axis broadcasts to the Arabs is a result of a wide propaganda program for the Arab world now prepared by the Jerusalem ex-Mufti in Berlin. Further intensification of anti-Jewish talks to the Arabs from German and Italian radio stations is expected. It is thought that some of these talks may be delivered by the ex-Mufti himself, it was said here today. The Germans believe, it was asserted, that the voice of the ex-Mufti over the radio will greatly impress the Arabs in Palestine, Syria and Transjordan where listening to Axis broadcasts is not prohibited.- ↑ Shaw Pyle, Markham. Fools, Drunks, and the United States: August 12 1941. N.p.: Bapton Literary Trust No 1, 2011. 72.
The blood libel had hardly been heard of in America in 1941, certainly among Gentiles. It is only recently that newer immigrants have brought that evil belief to America, immigrants whose embrace of the blood libel descends from Hitler's engagement, and contrariwise, with the Jew-hating Grand Mufti of Jerusalem from 1921–1948, the Nazi ally Mohammad Amin al-Husayni, der Großmufti. In America in 1941, only a few Gentiles, most of them scholars, and the Jews, had heard of the ancient canard: for that wicked slander to have taken root, too few manure-shoveling Central European peasants of the stock whence Hitler, had come to America.- ↑ Israeli, Raphael. Poison: modern manifestations of a blood libel. United Kingdom: Lexington Books, 2002. 170.
Of course, who would dare reprimand the representative of Saudi Arabia? Even if he is found to have been the secretary of the Jerusalem Mufti, Haj Amin al-Husseini, who had collaborated with the Nazis during the war?- ↑ Brog, David. Reclaiming Israel's History: Roots, Rights, and the Struggle for Peace. United States: Simon & Schuster, 2017. [52].
THE RIOTS OF 1920 AND 1921
On March 7, 1920, the Syrian Arab Congress declared Syrian independence under the reign of King Feisal. Less than a month later, on April 4, tens of thousands of Arabs streamed into Jerusalem for the annual Nebi Musa festival. This religious celebration provided a perfect opportunity for Palestine's Arab nationalists to send a strong message to their British overlords.
They took to the streets carrying photos of King Feisal and demanding that the British cede Palestine cede Palestine—which they called "Southern Syria"—to the new monarch.
When the procession reached Jerusalem's Arab Club, a number of nationalist leaders appeared on the balcony to address the crowd below. Speaker after speaker demanded independence and unity with Syria.
They also called for violence against the Jews. Observers recalled hearing the crowd chant," Slaughter the Jews," "We will drink the blood of the Jews," and “Palestine is our land, the Jews are our dogs." In Arabic, this last phrase forms a rhyming couplet.
Thus incited, Arabs wielding knives, clubs, and stones burst into the Jewish quarter. They ransacked Jewish homes and looted Jewish stores. They raided synagogues and yeshivas and ripped up Torah scrolls. And they attacked any Jews they found.
By the time the riots finally ended several days later, 5 Jews had been killed and 211 had been wounded. Many of the female victims had been raped.
The British police quickly concluded that a young nationalist leader (and future Mufti), Amin al-Husseini, was responsible for the violence. A court found Husseini guilty of inciting the riots and sentenced him to ten years in prison. He evaded jail by fleeing to Damascus.
A year later, on May 1, 1921, Palestine's Arabs launched another round of violence against their Jewish neighbors. This time the Arabs of Jaffa went on the attack. Author... describes what followed:
"Arab men broke into Jewish buildings and murdered the occupants; women came afterward and looted. Bearing clubs, knives, swords, and in some cases pistols, Arabs attacked Jewish pedestrians and destroyed Jewish homes and stores. They beat and killed Jews, children included, in their homes; in some cases they split the victims' skulls open."
The attacks quickly spread from Jaffa to neighboring villages and beyond.
On the morning of May 5, two to three thousand Arab villagers and Bedouin attacked the Jewish town of Petach Tikvah. This time, however, the British intervened. British infantry, aided by armored cars and air support, turned back the Arab assault.
Two more attacks followed the next day. Several thousand Arabs from Ramle attacked the neighboring Jewish town of Rehovot, shouting, "Slaughter the Jews." Rehovot's residents successfully repelled the offensive. Further north, hundreds of Arabs from Tulkarem and its surrounding villages attacked the Jewish town of Hadera. Here the British intervened with infantry and air power to rout the invaders.
By the time the British had quelled the 1921 riots, 47 Jews had been killed and another 146 had been wounded.- ↑ Jewish Encyclopedia Daat - Riots 1929. פרעות תרפ"ט.
Riots 1929, in which many Jews were killed throughout the country. Content: The origin of the massacre in Hebron, Har Tov, Kibbutz Hulda. Riots 1929 Riots raged by the Arabs among the Jews, in 1929, in which many Jews were killed throughout the country. After a week of incitement, the Arabs began organized riots in Jerusalem on Friday, August 23, 1929. Crowds of Arabs who came to pray on the Temple Mount burst in the direction of Jewish Jerusalem, hitting knives and clubs with every Jew who happened to be on their way and destroying the shops. The villages near Jerusalem took an active part in the riots; The village of Deir Yassin, which dominated the western neighborhoods of the city and was close to the Givat Shaul neighborhood, played a key role. The neighborhoods in the south of the city were also attacked by the Arabs of the area - Kibbutz Ramat Rachel was completely destroyed after its residents were abandoned and part of the Talpiot neighborhood was destroyed, including the house of the writer S. Agnon. . Origin At the exit near Jerusalem, about 30 Arabs from the nearby Arab village (Colonia) attacked the extreme house in the neighborhood, the Maklef family home, one of the neighborhood's founders. In a few moments, the members of the Maklef family and two guests who were at home were slaughtered with knives, together seven people. The women were abused before the murder, they were raped and then murdered. After the murder and looting set the house on fire. One son, Mordechai, survived (later became IDF Chief of Staff). Among the killers was the shepherd of the Maklef family as well as the Arab policeman who was the only one to use a firearm. After completing the massacre at a peeling house, the killers moved into the home of Broza, also one of the neighborhood's founders. The Broza family barricaded themselves in their home and the Arab attackers were unable to break in, so they turned to nearby houses. Two hours after the murder, three police cars arrived at the scene and took most of the locals to Jerusalem, and the houses of the colony were robbed by the Arab neighbors. The massacre in Hebron But the worst of all happened in Hebron; The Jews lived in Hebron for hundreds of years and lived in peace with their Arab neighbors. But all this did not prevent the Arabs from storming the houses of the Jews on Saturday morning, August 24, 1929, and killing anyone who happened to be in their way. The murder was brutal and the abuse of women was horrible. Out of a settlement of 600 Jews, 67 men, women and children were murdered in cold blood that morning and many dozens were injured. Told an eyewitness: The rioters attacked the Jewish baker and burned his head in the fire of Primus, who set him on fire, and when they saw that he was still alive, his intestines were beaten with daggers ... She begged the murderers to kill her and when they "felt sorry for her" they rattled her stomach and burned her intestines. (Book of Hebron, page 418) A memorandum sent by the Hebron Refugee Committee to the High Commissioner states, among other things: That day all the Jews were expelled from Hebron, and returned to the city only 40 years later, after the Six Day War. (Some of the Jews returned after the riots of 1929, but were expelled from there in 1936). In Tel Aviv and Haifa, too, the Arabs rioted against the Jews (13 people were killed in both places), but the more difficult problem was in the small and isolated localities, far from large centers. Har-Tov, 130 people, was attacked by local Arabs. All the residents were fortified in one of the houses with 5 rifles in their possession. Each time the rioters approached the house, rifle fire was opened on them and they retreated. One of the settlers dressed up as an Arab and in the evening managed to get to the train station and call for help. Meanwhile, the rioters raided the farm and the settlers' houses and looted everything nearby (cows, horses, grain, furniture and more). Towards midnight, soldiers arrived at the scene in two armored cars, and a number of shots were fired by the rioters. All the residents were transferred by train to Tel Aviv and the small settlement was completely destroyed by the Arabs. A fate similar to that of Har Tov befell both the nearby village of Uriah and the small settlement of Beer Tuvia in the south of the country. Kibbutz Hulda On the evening of August 26, the agricultural farm that was later Kibbutz Hulda was attacked by thousands of Arabs from the area. After a heavy battle, in which the commander of the place, Ephraim Chizik, was killed, a military force arrived at night and evacuated the residents of the kibbutz. The Arab rioters looted everything nearby, and then set the kibbutz on fire. Safed Disruptions did not pass over the north of the country, and many localities were attacked, but the most severe happened to the Jews of Safed. Nearly 3,000 Jews lived in Safed and lived on good terms with their Arab neighbors (about 10,000 in number). Indeed, there was silence in Safed, while disturbances raged throughout the country. However, on the fifth day of the riots, when the police and the army seemed to be in control of the situation, there was a bloodbath in Safed. On Thursday afternoon, August 29, 1929, Arab rioters broke into the Jewish Quarter, stabbing and killing Jews mercilessly. The rioters set fire to a fuel depot and the fire soon spread to all parts of the Jewish Quarter. Within half an hour, 18 people were killed, most of them women and the elderly, and 80 were injured and treated at Hadassah Hospital. The defense organization showed utter incompetence, and only police intervention prevented a greater disaster. In the evening, 10 army cars arrived and by order of the governor, the soldiers gathered the city's Jews into the government yard. The Jews stayed in the government yard for two days and watched as their houses caught fire. On the second night, the Arabs also attacked the government yard and two Jews were killed in the shootings, one of them a boy who was wounded and later died of his wounds. On Saturday morning, the refugees left the government yard and returned to the plundered and destroyed Jewish quarter, and only on Sunday did material aid arrive from Tiberias and Haifa. "There is no doubt that a small and organized defense force could have prevented the disaster. However, that force was not present." (History of the Haganah, II, p. 339) The small Jewish settlement in Ein Zeitim, near Safed, was also attacked. 3 Jews were killed and the rest fled to Safed. Documentation of disturbances according to the newspapers of the period, in the book "The Attack" by Israel Amikam.
Source of the entry: Prof. Yehuda Lapidot- ↑ Erel Segal, When Ra'ed Salah writes poetry, Mida, 11/22/2014.
On August 24, 1929, dozens of Arabs broke into the home of the pharmacist Gershon Ben Zion in Hebron. Even though for years Ben Zion provided free treatment and medicine to hundreds of Arabs and even though he was not a Zionist it did not help him. Ben Zion was brutally murdered. Not before the bloodthirsty rioters, some of them perhaps even the ones Ben Zion was taking care of, gouged out his eyes. The rioters did not spare the members of his household. They raped and murdered his daughter and wife. Thousands of rioters raided the homes of the Jews and carried out a campaign of robbery, rape and murder unparalleled in its horrors. The blood washed the alleys of Hebron. The sights were shocking in their cruelty. Mutilated bodies, children who were burned alive, babies whose heads were smashed against walls, women who were raped and dismembered, and hundreds of amputees.
The British watched in horror and did not lift a finger. The cry was the same cry, "Allah Akbar".- ↑ 267.0 267.1 Edy Cohen, The Arab Mein Kampf, News1, Feb 16, 2014.
"Islam and the Jews" - the Mufti's essay - The hatred [sic] of the Jews towards the [sic] Arabs and Islam is ancient, which has taken root in the souls of the Jews since the beginning of Muhammad, the blessing of Allah... in the call to Islam. Enmity between the two peoples Haj Amin al-Husseini: "Some people may also think that if the Palestinian problem is solved in a way that satisfies the Arabs, and the Jews leave the Arab lands, then there will be no more reason for hostility between the two peoples - the Islamic Arab and the Jew. This is a misconception." From 1937, a small Arabic booklet called "Islam and Judaism" began to appear in the Middle East, written by the Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini. As noted in "The Nazi Palestine," the pamphlet appeared without mentioning a company name. A year later, the Muslim Brotherhood in Cairo published an identical pamphlet stating that it had been written by a cleric and a great sage from Palestine. The pamphlet was translated into German and Croatian during World War II and distributed to the Bosnian Muslim SS soldiers - the SS Division. The 13th mountain "Handschar".
This is a clearly anti-Semitic racist booklet, full of anti-Jewish expressions - the Arab Mein-Kampf. Mufti Amin al-Husseini presents the Jews in this pamphlet as [sic] enemies of Islam, as an irreparable race and as responsible not only for the killing of the Prophet Muhammad, but for all the troubles that befell the Muslims from the beginning of Islam to the present day.- ↑ "Matthias Küntzel: Islamic Antisemitism: How It Originated and Spread," July 3, 2018.
Islamic antisemitism did not develop spontaneously but was invented and used as a means to an end. This process began about 80 years ago in the context of Arab attempts to stop the Zionist immigration to Palestine which considerably increased in the 1930s. The first text that propagated sheer Jew-hatred in an Islamic context by mixing selected anti-Jewish episodes of Mohammed’s life with the so-called wickedness [sic] of Jews in the 20th century was a 31-page brochure in the Arabic language with the title Islam and Jewry, published on August 18, 1937 in Cairo. In September 1937, this pamphlet achieved significance through its distribution at the “National Arab Congress” in Bludan, a health resort in Syria, 30 miles (50 kilometres) northwest of Damascus... While historians have still to answer important questions about Islam and Jewry and Bludan, the political context which facilitated the emergence of Islamic antisemitism is quite clear....
The brochure itself culminates in the following call: “Do not tolerate the partition plan, for Palestine has been an Arab country for centuries and shall remain Arabic forever.”- ↑ The Palestine Post, 12 September 1937. Page 4.
Bludan Congress Against Partition Ahmed Shukeiri of Acre. The Mufti's Message Palestine Arabic have newspapers published the full text of the Mufti of Jerusalem's lengthy message to the Bludan Congress, in which he portrayed the danger to Arab countries of the Zionist-Jewish movement, which he described as a European Crusade against Islam, and declared that the Arab people would rise and fight world Jewry... Lebanese Attitude According to the Beirut correspondent of "Al Islamia," a rift has arisen between the Lebanese Premier and the Minister of Interior over the latter's desire, following a visit by Mouin el Maadi , the Mufti of Jerusalem's to envoy, to secure Lebanese Government support for the Palestine Arab question. L'Orient , of Beirut , regarded as the unofficial organ of the Lebanese Government , has indicated in a leading article that there can be no other attitude than that of friendly relations with the population of Palestine , no matter whether they were Arabs or Jews. Lebanon's best policy was one of complete neutrality, it was affirmed. "Nothing advantageous would have emerged from Lebanon's official participation in the Bludan Congress, and on the other hand, Lebanon would have lost an important asset—the extensive summer traffic in its mountain resorts in which Jewish visitors have an important share."
Friday's issue of "Ad Difa'a" was severely critical of the Lebanese authorities.- ↑ 270.0 270.1 270.2 A credible story..., M. Uziel, Maariv, May 1, 2016.
… "A 90-minute meeting with Hitler is not a trivial matter," says Oholy. "It promised that the only German interest in the Middle East would be the extermination of Jews. The Mufti wrote in his diary in Arabic that Hitler had told him that he was fighting Jews uncompromisingly and without respite. He added, 'I decided to find a solution to the Jewish problem in stages and without a break. I will direct the necessary and appropriate reading to all the peoples of Europe, and then to the countries outside Europe.' In other words, there is in fact justice in Netanyahu's claim, at least in that one of the first secret partners in the extermination plan was the Mufti. " ... the Mufti wrote on May 6, 1943 to the Bulgarian Foreign Minister, in a letter requesting that Jews be sent to rescue: "And there will be a good deed of gratitude to the Arab people." ... Canaan was not just a journalist. "A trusted professional and impartial historian in his pioneering research, he was personally a great authority on Nazi-Palestinian activity in Palestine, as he was in charge of the issue as a senior officer in the British police and was involved in the entire investigation."... Bureau 06, the police unit that prepared the evidence file for the Eichmann trial, found a very strong connection between the Mufti and Eichmann. " It is very easy to find evidence of Eichmann and the Mufti's connections. Bureau 06 found, for example, a record of the Mufti in his personal diary on a page dated November 9, 1944, "And the good (or the faithful) in the Arab friends Eichmann." This is not only a random proof of the connection between the Mufti and Eichmann, but of the Mufti's involvement in the final solution, and of the Mufti's scale of values, according to which the extermination of the Jewish people is an act of friendship for the Arab cause. Herf attaches importance to the fact that al-Husseini was a Nazi-style extremist Jew-hater even before he arrived in Berlin. In his article, he quotes a speech delivered by the Mufti in 1937, before the outbreak of World War II and the Holocaust. The speech was delivered in Syria and when I read it I was amazed to find that it had been translated into German by the Nazi leadership at the time, published in a Nazi - controlled press and that all Nazi leaders knew it as early as 1938. At the same conference in Syria, Husseini was elected by the 400 deputies as the honorary president of the pan-Arab organization. After World War II, Haj Amin was accepted as a hero in Egypt and Palestine. In 1946, Hassan al-Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, called Husseini "a hero who challenged the empire and Zionism with the help of Hitler and Germany. Germany and Hitler are no more, but Amin al-Husseini will continue the struggle." A similar attitude of admiration was shown by the Arab Supreme Council and the Palestinian People's Party, which elected him their leader in 1945. In 1948, Amin al-Husseini was the commander of the Palestinian forces during the War of Independence, whose goal was to occupy and destroy the Jewish community. Prof. Meir Litvak, who co-authored the book "Empathy for Denial, Arab Reactions to the Holocaust," explains that al-Husseini's status among Palestinians is not excited today. "Mainly because they see him as primarily responsible for their defeat in the War of Independence," explains Prof. Litvak. "Some see him as responsible for the failure of Palestinian society to build political infrastructure and institutions as the Zionist movement did. Most writers on his activities in Germany try to downplay his actions, trying to justify his move to Germany by the British leaving him no choice, which is not true. "The Arab, and no one wants to be identified with her, despite the attempt to downplay the significance of the Holocaust. The Palestinian encyclopedia, for example, skips the years during which the Mufti stayed in Germany with the value written about him."
To a large extent, the PLO developed the lie of Zionist-Nazi cooperation in the extermination of the Jews, in order to counter the Mufti's real cooperation with the Nazis, Prof. Litvak claims. "Hamas and Islamic circles in Palestinian society, on the other hand, take a different approach," it praises the Mufti for his uncompromising stance in his struggle against Zionism, praising him for understanding the centrality of religion in the struggle against Zionism and the need to harness Islam for the war against the Jews. They have no problem with being in Nazi Germany. According to them, he did what was necessary to help the Palestinian cause. For them, the British and Americans were no better than the Germans. It would have been convenient for the Palestinians if the Germans had won the war...- ↑ ha-Arets - הארץ 8 September 1937. The Arab Higher Committee warns Lebanon about the "danger" (sic) faced by that country that will open its doors to the Jews.
The office of the Arab Higher Committee published a notice under these headings: "From the damaged Palestine to the healthy Lebanon. Who is wise? Everyone who learns from his peers."
In the message, which contains five large pages, it is about the "Jewish danger [sic] facing all Arab countries, economically, socially and agriculturally". At the end of the message it was said that Lebanon or any other Arab country, which opens its doors to Jews, will end up being damaged.- ↑ The Forgotten Tiberias Pogrom of 1938, JVL.
(October 2, 1938). The year 1938 was especially violent in the Holy Land. It was the midst of a violent three-year nationalist uprising known as the Arab Revolt. Led by the father of Arab nationalism in Palestine, Jerusalem Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Arabs founded the Arab High Committee and set three key demands for ending the violence: ending all Jewish immigration, banning land sales to Jews, and giving Arabs control of Mandatory Palestine, leaving them to deal with the Jews. A steady stream of incitement in schools, the Arab press, and houses of worship ensued, along with a call to boycott Jewish products. In April 1936, Arab terrorists attacked a Jewish bus and killed two. This event unleashed a cycle of tit-for-tat violence which saw the death of many Jews and Arabs. One area that saw many violent attacks on Jews was Tiberias. In May 1938, a Jew was killed by an explosion and, in September, three Jews were murdered, and a Jew and an Arab were wounded by four Arab terrorists. Tiberias was a poorly defended city .... On October 2, an Arab terrorist cell occupied the hills surrounding Tiberias. They waited for the cover of darkness to begin their well-planned operation. At 9 p.m., the terrorists cut the telephone lines into Tiberias so the victims could not call for assistance. Two terrorist cells hiding in the hills entered city from the north and south. Five minutes later, the terrorists remaining in the hills sounded a shrill whistle loud enough so both cells could hear it. This signaled the beginning of the attack. The small local police force was taken by surprise. The terrorists first hit the office of the British district commissioner, the police station, and the quarters where British police were housed hoping to weaken or eliminate any defenses. The attackers then went to the central synagogue and set it on fire. The caretaker of the synagogue Ezekiel Katz, 42, was trapped inside and burned to death.
The terrorists also burned down the local post office before making their way to the Jewish neighborhood of Kiryat Shmuel, north of the old city, armed with bombs, rifles, daggers, and torches. That is when the “systematically organized and savagely executed” carnage began.
The terrorists set fire to several Jewish wooden homes. They entered the house of Joshua Ben-Arieh where he, his wife Shoshanna, and one of their sons, Arieh, were stabbed to death and then set on fire. There younger son Moshe, only 18 months old, was shot to death. Visiting the Ben-Arieh family were three siblings – Chaim age 12, Rivkah age 10, and Ezra age 8. The terrorists stabbed and burned to death all three children. While Shimon Yochanan Mizrahi was on patrol in another part of town, terrorists stormed his house and killed his wife Rachel, 26, and all five of their children ages 12, 5, 3, 2, and 1. The Arabs also attacked a third house, the home of Menachem Kabni, 60, and his wife Dora, 40. Both were American citizens. Mr. Kabni had been the beadle of a synagogue in New York for 30 years. Rabbi Asha Werner, who had been visiting Tiberias at the time, reported that the infiltrators stabbed the couple to death and burned their bodies. Miraculously, Mr. Kabni’s sister Esther managed to escape the execution.
In total, the terrorists set six Jewish houses on fire and savagely murdered anyone they could find inside. Two supernumerary Jewish constables, Israel Bookman and Zvi Chatzkeleviz, and an additional Jewish man, Jacob Gross, died in a gun fight valiantly trying to stop the attacks. Several other Jews were seriously injured. All but four of the victims were stabbed to death and set on fire...- ↑ Haboker - הבקר, 4 October 1938.
20 Martyrs of Tiberias - The blood of a mother was mixed with the blood of her six children. 20 חללי טבריה - נתערבו דמה של אם בדם ששת ילדה
- ↑ ha-Tsofeh - הצפה, 9 October 1938.
Tiberias.
What happened on the night of the horrors, on the eve of Tishrei, in Tiberias is not one of the events we are used to during the three years of horrors that befell the Jewish community in the country. This is not at all what the government has been calling the "Arab uprising" lately, but riots by gangs of murderers, who came and attacked a quiet and safe neighborhood, veteran residents of the Tiberias suburb.
And as evidence, the attackers were not gangs of murderers from outside, but neighbors of Tiberias from the nearby villages to the north and south, the villages of Lubia and Tebgha and adjacent to them. And not out of excitement and resentment came this cruel scoundrel act. Out of peace of mind, crowds descended on Kiryat Shmuel, which never angered the residents of the Arab neighbors.
This gang of murderers went up in the suburbs at the beginning of the evening at 9 o'clock and concentrated on one street called D [Dalet] Street and did their cruel acts quietly and peacefully without any disturbance for two hours and after they finished their actions they left the neighborhood not out of panic and persecution. Eyewitnesses, peeking through the crackers of the windows in the dark, saw that they had entered a house that had a kind of restaurant and taken the food out of the refrigerator and ate dinner in peace of mind.
In the middle of their savage acts they also went out in a "Debke" dance in the middle of the street. And there were also chants of "Allah Akbar" "Alayhum-al-Yehud"! Itbachum."
These eyewitnesses report that all the work was done on the orders of a commander, who gave his orders in a European language and an Arabic translator translated the orders into the Arab masses in Arabic. Their savage work was done with a few shots and mostly used incendiary bombs. The people who were murdered were also burned, some while alive.
Among those killed and burned are ten children from three families. Two of them, brother and sister were found held and glued to each other and some burnt. There are many signs that the killers' actions were intentional, knowing in advance that there are mostly elderly Jews on D. Street who are unable to defend themselves ...
All this is known from eyewitnesses, who peeked out of their windows. On this street there is a house with a man, who has a weapon in the government license, and when the rioters realized, they did not dare to go to this house. Their "heroism" was reduced to elders, women and children, in the court on the main street. Who guarded the place. Wildly they pushed the mother of the three children, who were burned in the basement, into the fire...
All this is known from eyewitnesses, who peeked out of their windows. On this street there is a house with a man, who has a weapon in the government license, and when the rioters felt they did not dare to go to this house, their "heroism" was reduced to elders, women and children. In the courthouse on the main street, nothing bad happened thanks to the brave defense of two Jewish guards (Jewish Settlement Police) who guarded the place.. Wildly they pushed the mother of the three children, who were burned in the basement, into the fire.
Monday evening: When we returned from the funeral we found another pile of burning coals in the synagogue that had been destroyed and burned... טבריה. מה שקרה בליל הזוועות, אור ליום ח' תשרי, בטבריה אינו ממאורעות, שאנו רגילים בהם בשלוש שנות האימים העוברות על היישוב היהודי בארץ. אין זה כלל מה שקוראת הממשלה בזמן האחרון "המרד הערבי" אלא פרעות ממש על־ידי כנופיות מרצחים, שבאו והתנפלו על שכונה שוקטת ובוטחת, תושבים וותיקים בפרוור טבריה. וכפי ההוכחות לא היו המתנפלים כנופיות מרצחים מבחוץ, אלא שכני טבריה מהכפרים הסמוכים מצפון ומדרום, כפרי לוביה וטבחה והסמוכים אליהם. ולא מתוך התרגשות והתרגזות באו לידי מעשה נבלה אכזרי זה. מתוך מנוחת הנפש עלו המונים על קרית־שמואל, שמעולם לא הרגיזו תושבי קריה זו את השכנים הערבים. כנופית־מרצחים זו עלתה על הפרוור בראשית הערב בשעה9 והתרכזו ברחוב אחד הנקרא רחוב ד' ועשו את מעשיהם האכזריים בשקט ובמנוחת-הנפש בלא שום הפרעה במשך שעתיים ואחרי שגמרו את מעשיהם עזבו את השכונה לא מתוך בהלה ורדיפה אחריהם. עדי-ראיה, שהציצו דרך סדקי החלונות מתוך חשכה, ראו, שנכנסו לתוך בית שיש בו מעין מסעדה והוציאו את האוכל מתוך המקרר ואכלו סעודת-הערב במנוחת־הנפש. באמצע מעשיהם הפראיים יצאו גם בריקוד "דבקה" באמצע הרחוב. והיו גם קריאות "אלה אכבר" "עליהום־ על יהוד"! םוחבטא !. " עדי־ראיה־אלה מוסרים, שכל העבודה נעשתה מתוך פקודות של מפקד, שנתן את פקודותיו בשפה אירופית ותורגמן ערבי תירגם את הפקודות להמון הערבי בערבית. עבודתם הפראית נעשתה ביריות מועטות ובעיקר השתמשו בפצצות הצתה. גם את האנשים שרצחו שרפו אותם, מהם חיים. בין הנהרגים והנשרפים נמצאים עשרה ילדים משלוש משפחות. שנים מהם, אח ואחות נמצאו אחוזים ודבוקים זה בזה ובחלקם שרופים. יש הרבה סימנים שמעשי המרצחים היו מכוונים בידיעה מראש שברחוב ד' יושבים בעיקר יהודים קשישים שאין ביכולתם להתגונן... כל זה ידוע מפי עדי־ראיה, שהציצו מחלונותיהם. ברחוב זה יש בית שנמצא בו אדם, שברשיון הממשלה יש לו נשק, וכשהפורעים הרגישו בדבר לא העיזו לגשת לבית הזה, "גבורתם" הצטמצמה בזקנים, נשים וילדים, בבית־המשפט הנמצא ברחוב הראשי לא אונה כל רע הודות להגנה אמיצה של שני גפירים יהודים ששמרו על המקום. בפראות דחפו את אמם של שלושת הילדים, שנשרפו במרתף, לתוך המדורה. ביום שני לפנות ערב :כשחזרנו מהלוויה עוד מצאנו ערמת גחלים בוערות בבית־הכנסת שנחרב ונשרף...
- ↑ Yeme ha-kalaniyot: Erets Yisrael bi-tekufat ha-Mandat by Segev, Tom. Keter, 1999, p. 336. [53]
- ↑ ha-Arets - הארץ, 6 January 1939.
Nazi propaganda in [Palestine] E.Y. Propaganda centers in the Near East, Cairo and Baghdad. - Who is behind the terrorists - The Tiberias massacre was prepared by the Nazis.
התעמולה הנאצית... מרכזי התעמולה במזרח הקרוב, קהיר ובגדאד. — מי עומד מאחורי הטרוריסטים — טבח טבריה הוכן על ידי נאצים- ↑ Tiberias night - the massacre that was forgotten Cafe The Marker, Apr 22, 2015.
- ↑ The Sentinel, 2 December 1937.
Strictly Confidential. By Phineas J. Biron. True Story Peter Shmidik, eleven-year-old Jewish youngster from Budapest, is being hailed throughout Hungary as the little Jewish boy who stood up to Streicher . . . One of a group of 500 Hungarian boys invited to Germany by the Nazi regime to see the joys of childhood in Hitlerland, Shmidik went with his friends to visit Nuremberg . . . Outside the beautiful city hall the kids were lined up for an address by Julius Streicher. . . Beaming good will, Streicher welcomed them and expressed his joy at seeing them. . . But, he added, I hope there are no little Jews among you ... At this a little voice piped up : Oh, yes, there are. I am a Jew For Peter, not . . . quite understanding , thought he was being singled out for special honors And so he came forward, bowed . . . deeply and paid his respects to the arch Judenfresser . . . Streicher was so stunned that he abbreviated his address and left the youngsters to enjoy a sightseeing trip . . . And as for Peter—when he got back to Hungary he found his picture plastered over the front page of every newspaper . . . A Columbia University undergraduate by the name of Robert Wood is reported to us as one of the most active Nazi propagandists in the East . . . We wonder why Victor Spirodovitch , son of a leading White Russian anti-Semite who is a collaborator of Count Vensiatzky, has suddenly taken up residence in the Jewish quarter of New York's East Side . . . Congressman Weaver of North Carolina is fathering a bill which provides for revoking the citizenship of naturalized aliens engaged in publishing and printing propaganda literature subsidized from foreign sources . . . Official Washington circles are keenly interested in the report that one of the objectives of the American visit of Captain Fritz Weidemann, Hitler's one yes-man , is to win over some of our big-shot anti-New Deal industrialists to the support of Hitler’s aims . . . A friend of ours who has just come back from Brazil tells us that the Dupe—pardon , we meant the Duke— of Windsor has written an article praising Hitler for a Brazilian newspaper . . . They don't want any publicity about it , but the Italian and German consulates in this country have received orders to ban the shipments of the current issue of Photo-History, which says some pretty plain things about Fascism and war . . . The same ruling, we presume, will be applied to the November 27 Saturday Evening Post when the official gentlemen get around to reading John Gunther's article in it . . . Last weeks scoop about the Congressional record publishing a list of 100 names of Nazis on the Pacific coast linked to Killinger and that a Nazi ball was held on board the U . S . S . Illinois , a govt. training ship anchored in the Hudson was so hot that it crashed the nation's front pages 72 hours before you read it although we had written it a week previous . Berlin Buzzes The right wing of the Nazi Party is rumored to be ready to liquidate the Nazi wild men by agreeing to a war within the next eighteen months, and then having the Reichswehr place Hitler and his yes-men in some comfortable concentration camp and declare to the enemy that the war is over . . . Among those said to be privy to the scheme are Foreign Minister von Neurath, General Goering and Hjalmar Schacht, financial wizard . . . Incidentally, the latter is reliably reported to be virtually a prisoner. . . Though he has resigned from the post of Finance Minister he can't leave the country . . . The only reason he isn't made the victim of a one-man blood purge is that his death would be rightly interpreted as indicating the bankruptcy of Naziism . . . Goering will soon be a papa, his non-Aryan wife, the former Emmy Sonnemann, expecting an heir any week now . . . Headquarters of the Union of Islamic and Christian Arabs, the organization said to be behind much of the terrorism in North Africa, have been shifted to Berlin, and the name has been changed to Islamischer Kulturbund . . . London Hears That the so-called escape of the Grand Mufti from Jerusalem was not an escape at all, but due to the deliberate laxity of the British authorities, who wanted him out of the country . . . The story is that with the Mufti outside of Palestine the British could legally get control of the funds of the Moslem religious bodies, of which the Mufti was the boss . . . With these funds, it is said, he financed the campaign of terrorism . . .
The grand Duke George of Hesse, who was killed in that Belgian plane crash together with most of his family, was not too popular with the Nazis, for he was the great-grandson of Prince Albert, Queen Victorias consort, reputed to have been a half-Jew. . .- ↑ Mattar, Philip. Ency. of the (Arab) Palestinians. Facts on File, 2005, p. 447:
- ↑ Hirszowicz, Lukasz. "Nazi Germany and the Palestine Partition Plan." Middle Eastern Studies 1, no. 1 (1964): 40–65. [54]; Hirszowicz, Łukasz. The Third Reich and the Arab East. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2016. [55]; Various. Routledge Library Editions: History of the Middle East. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2021. 34.
On July 15th, 1937, Dr. Grobba, German envoy at Baghdad, met the then Premier of Iraq, Hikmet Suleiman, who expressed the hope that the Germans would do everything in their power to frustrate the plans of the Royal Commission. This step by a leader who was attacked for being cool to Arab unity was probably meant to prepare the ground for more concrete negotiations. For on the following day Grobba was visited by members of the Palestinian Arab Higher Committee: Awni-bey Abd el-Hadi and Muin el-Madhi. They urged that the Reich Government should interest itself in the Palestine question and support the Palestinian Arabs; while Abd el-Hadi expressed a desire to visit Berlin soon.
Auni 'Abd al-Hadi visited Germany in 1939 after the London conference, on Palestine. He was most probably the guest of A.P.A.- ↑ Herf, Jeffrey. Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World. Ukraine: Yale University Press, 2009. 34.
- ↑ Elpeleg, Zvi. Through the Eyes of the Mufti. The Essays of Haj Amin, Translated and Annotated. (Heb.). Israel: Tel Aviv University, 1995, p. 27.
Accusation B: The Palestinians' defense of their land The second claim was that the Arabs of Palestine did not defend their land... Hitler cited the Jihad of the Arabs of Palestine as an example at an official reception held in 1938 for Khaled al-Qarqani, the adviser of His Majesty the King Abd al-Aziz to the House of Saud, Hitler said, that he was full of admiration for the struggle of the Palestinian Arabs and their heroism...- ↑ Renee Ghert-Zand, Trove of publications by WWII Jewish soldiers from Palestine gets new home at NLI, TOI, 18 Nov 2022.
Newspapers, journals, and other periodicals produced by Jewish units from Palestine in British Army reveal rich intellectual and emotional lives of soldiers fighting in Europe- ↑ Col (Res.) Dr. Raphael G. Bouchnik-chen, "Palestinian Arab Volunteers in the British Army in WWII: A Reality Check", Besa, December 9, 2019.
Notwithstanding Abbasi’s claim to have based his research on a variety of primary and secondary sources, he seems to have chosen his sources selectively, presumably to service the theory of a significant degree of Palestinian Arab resistance to the Nazis. Neither the quantitative nor the qualitative aspect of this theory is supported by the evidence.
Gen. Archibald Wavell, commander of the British forces in the Middle East, opposed the formation of a Jewish regiment in the British army. According to historian Marcel Roubicek, the British High Commissioner for Palestine also feared that Jewish enlistment would inflame Arab anger. To solve that problem, he made it a condition that Jews wishing to join up find an equivalent number of Palestinian Arab volunteers to join up as well.
To accomplish this, the Jews of the Yishuv offered financial compensation to Palestinian Arabs to enlist. They ultimately succeeded in raising enough manpower from both communities to permit the formation of a Jewish regiment.
The opportunity for Palestinian Arabs to join the ranks of the British Army was thus a direct outcome of the Jewish desire to render its utmost assistance to Britain in every sphere of war activity, a point Abbasi ignores.
He is similarly fuzzy on Palestinian Arab motivation. He states, “Most of the [Palestinian Arab] volunteers were villagers and of the urban lower class, and…the economic motive played a central role in volunteering,” noting that these “motives…differed from [that of] their Jewish friends, who enlisted in the army mainly because of opposition to Nazi Germany and its racial policy toward their people, besides other motives such as the revival of a Jewish army, and the serious employment situation in the country at the beginning of the war.”
Compensation as the prevailing motivation for Palestinian Arab enlistment is supported by the evidence, but Abbasi claims their motives were in fact manifold and varied. Some Palestinian Arabs, he states, enlisted for ideological reasons, to express their opposition to Nazi ideology and loyalty to the British and their values. This motive was especially true of the urban elite and the intellectuals, he alleges, who were highly influenced by British education and culture. He does not substantiate this point sufficiently and ignores available evidence documenting contemporary Palestinian contempt for the British Army (see, for example, Prof. Kimberly Katz’s A Young Palestinian’s Diary 1941-1945, The Life of Sami Amr).
Abbasi laments that “there is hardly any reference to the thousands of Palestinian volunteers, some of whom fell in battle, while others are still listed as missing in action, and no commemoration of the fallen can be found anywhere.” He suggests this “evil” is explained by “what the Palestinian people experienced during the Nakba and its aftermath, the destruction of archives and records in addition to the loss of personal documents, and the fact that no organization was established to commemorate the volunteers and their deeds.” He thus accuses Israel of covering up the Palestinian Arab role in defeating the Nazis.
It should be noted that Abbasi persistently uses the term “Palestinians” rather than “Palestinian Arabs” in his article, starting with the title. This manipulation services the popular narrative denying any linkage between the Jewish People and Palestine. In her book World War II – The Story of a Jewish Soldier, Jewish Women of Mandatory Palestine Serving in the British Army, Esther Herlitz (later an Israeli diplomat and politician who served as a member of the Knesset) wrote, “As far as the British were concerned, we from the Jewish Yishuv, and some Arabs, were Palestinians.”- ↑ Kirshenbaum, S. L. History of the people of Israel in our generation [Toldot Am Yisrael Bedorenu], vol. 2. Israel: 1965. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pDjRAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%9D%C2%A0%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95+%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A+%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94+%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A9+%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D+%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%A7 p.
A total of 9,000 Arabs enlisted in the British Army here. Among them are many from across the Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, who came to the recruitment bureaus in Palestine. Many of them enlisted with the intention of acquiring weapons for themselves: indeed, by the end of the war only about half of the Arab soldiers remained, as the rest defected with their weapons from the army. Arab leaders who moved to Germany, led by Haj Amin al-Husseini, a former Mufti of Jerusalem, incited on German radio the Arabs to defect from the British army. Amin al-Husseini actively assisted in the establishment of Arab and Muslim battalions in the German army. It was only after the Allied victory over Al-Alamein that it became clear to the Arab statesmen that their orientation on the Axis victory in the war had disappointed, and then they changed their position and declared their full support for the Allies.
Following this turning point, many Arab prisoners were released, who were imprisoned by the British, including organizers of riots in Palestine, and given permission to return to their homeland. Here they once again stood at the head of the Arab parties, even though they signed a letter of commitment not to be active in life ...
- ↑ B. D. Yemini, Nakba was result of "Palestinians" backing Nazis during WWII, YNet, May 15, 2022.
... does the fact that thousands of Palestinian Arabs enlisted to the British Army proves that only a tiny minority of Palestinian backed the Nazis? Israeli researcher and author Yoni Rainey claims it doesn't. In his books - "Closed Case" and "The Hidden Side of Nazism and the Holocaust" - he claims that about 9,000 Palestinian and Jordanian Arabs did enlist to the British Army during the war (in comparison with about 27,000 Jews). But, from the moment it became evident the Germans may pass through Egypt and reach Palestine in spring 1942, Palestinian Arabs switched sides. About 78% of the Arab volunteers deserted the British army, often times stealing weapons for the purpose of helping the Germans fight the Jews when the time came. Additionally, a survey conducted in 1941 shows that 88% of Palestinian Arabs supported Nazi Germany, while only 9% backed the British mandate. These are facts!... Likewise, the Arab side needs to take responsibility for their collective support of the Nazis. The Mufti and Qawuqji faithfully represented the Arab people. And if, God forbid, the war would've ended with a German victory, no Nakba would've taken place. Rather, the extermination of all Jews in Mideast would have commenced. So no, there is no reason to apologize. And for anyone still wondering, the aggressor which refused any form of a partition plan and plotted to wipe out a nation, has no right to restitution or compensation, and certainly no right of return.
However, the Jews who were displaced from the Arab countries, whose property and possessions were confiscated, should have the right to get it back.- ↑ 287.0 287.1 287.2 Elie Kedourie (Professor of Politics Emeritus), "Arabic Political Memoirs and Other Studies," (Cass books on the Middle East, Psychology Press, 1964), pp. 189-190; Elie Kedourie, "Arabic Political Memoirs and Other Studies," (Routledge, 2012), pp.189-190.
Shuqayri began to be active in Palestinian Arab politics in the early 1930s ... whether or not they were politically wise—Shuqayri was expressing the attitudes and feelings of his countrymen... He describes the great excitement with which they used to listen to German and Italian broadcasts, how he would follow during the night the military communiqués, marking on a map the places being occupied by the victorious Germans and meet his friends the following morning to discuss triumphs exceeding those of the previous day:
Our sympathies were with the Axis powers being led by Hitler from victory to victory, and with our sympathies went our prayers for the victory of Germany and her allies, and defeat for Britain and her confederates. . . . When the British government announced the formation of a Palestine force to help the war effort, our young men received the directive: do not join the Palestine force, and the response was quasi-unanimous. . . . The activities of the Italian and German airforce extended to Palestine, and in September 1940 their airplanes bombed certain targets in Tel-Aviv and Haifa. The joy and excitement produced in our circles was indescribable.- ↑ 288.0 288.1 'Poll,' [February 1941], CZA S25/ 9226; qtd in: Hillel Cohen, "Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948", (2008) p.175.
- ↑ Lyman, Robert. First Victory: Britain's Forgotten Struggle in the Middle East, 1941. United Kingdom: Constable, 2006. 24.
- ↑ Mallmann, Klaus-Michael., Cüppers, Martin. Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine. United Kingdom: Enigma Books, 2010. 63.
- ↑ The Detroit Jewish News Digital Archives - August 02, 1957 - Image 1.
Egypt-Syria-USSR Military Conclave Stirs Anxiety in U.S. Mastermind of U. S.-Saudi Deal for Dhahran Extension Revealed as Nazi Associate By Milton Friedman WASHINGTON -- Saudi Arabian Kind Saud's Secretary of State has been revealed by captured German archives to have been a leadear of a pro-Nazi Arab collaboration committee. He is Sheikh Yusuf Yasin who this year obtained renewed agreement of Washington to the barring of American personnel of Jewish faith from the U.S. Air Force base at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. One "top secret" document revealed that in 1940 an agreement on Palestine was formulated. In it "Germany and Italy recognize the right of the Arab countries to solve the question of the Jewish elements in Palestine and the other Arab countries in a manner that conforms to the national and ethnic interests of the Arabs, and to the solution of the Jewish question in the countries of Germany and Italy." On Aug. 6, 1940, Franz von Papen, German Ambassador in Turkey, cabled Berlin of his meeting with the Grand Mufti. The cable made known that the pro-Nazi Arab clique that included the present Saudi Arabian Secretary of State wished to cooperate with Hitler by organizing a revolt in Palestine. Von Papen reported that an understanding was reached with Saudi Arabia on the removal of pro-British King Abdullah of Transjordan and the annexation of that territory to Palestine.
The Grand Mufti wrote Hitler on June 21, 1940, that Arab Palestine which had been "fighting the democracies and international Jewry, is ready at any time to assume an active role" in collusion with Germany...- ↑ The Australian Jewish News, 27 December 1940 — Axis Attempt to Incite Arabs Against Britain and Jews
- ↑ The Reform Advocate, 1 November 1940 — Broadcasts Appeal To Arabs
- ↑ The Sentinel, 29 January 1942 —U. S. A. Counteracts Jap Talks to Arabs.
Boston, Jan. 25 (JPS )—To counteract Japanese and other Axis propaganda to the Arabs... Fuad Mufarij has been assigned the announcer's job of telling the news from the side of truth...- ↑ B'nai B'rith Messenger, 30 January 1942.
U. S. PROPAGANDIZE ARABS- ↑ Atlanta Southern Israelite Archives, Jun 26, 1942, p. 1 - NewspaperArchive.
- ↑ 297.0 297.1 297.2 297.3 W. G. Schwanitz, "Photographic Evidence Shows Palestinian Leader Amin al-Husseini at a Nazi Concentration Camp, Tablet Magazine, April 7, 2021.
- ↑ Shmuel Dotan, HaMaavak al Eretz Israel [The struggle for Palestine] (Tel Aviv, Ministry for Defence, 1981), p. 206.
During the days of the uprising in Iraq, preparations were made in the country for the resumption of the uprising. Posters with a swastika on their heads were distributed among the Arabs and called for an alliance with the Germans. Although he failed in Iraq, Haj Amin did not believe that he had made a mistake. He was honorably received in Europe, intended with Hitler and Mussolini; In these meetings he argued for the representation of the Arab and Muslim world.שמואל דותן, המאבק על ארץ ישראל, 1981, עמ' 206.
בעצם ימי ההתקוממות בעיראק נעשו הכנות בארץ לחידוש המרד. כרוזים עם צלב-הקרס בראשם, הופצו בין הערבים וקראו לברית עם הגרמנים. אף כי נכשל בעיראק לא סבר חאג' אמין כי מקח טעות בידו. הוא התקבל בכבוד באירופה , נועד עם היטלר ומוסוליני; בפגישות אלו טען לייצוג העולם הערבי והמוסלמי.
- ↑ Gesher. Israel: ha-Hanhalah ha-Yiśreʼelit shel ha-Ḳongres ha-Yehudi ha-ʻolami, 1986. Vols. 32-33. 18.
From the way of nature came the struggle for the Land of Israel and instilled a great deal of venom and power in all those elements of Islam that were hostile to Jews and Judaism. Although it is quite clear that these foundations intensified in the Middle East for many years before the establishment of the State of Israel. The status of the Jewish minorities in the Arab world, as well as the status of Christians and non-Arab groups, became increasingly intolerable (and unrelated to Zionism) in the face of pan-Arabism, unique nationalism, overt anti-Semitism, and the resurgence of Muslim fanaticism. All these trends, which have omitted the ground beneath the feet of the old Jewish communities in Arab countries, drew their power out of a common disgrace to the West and its emancipatory heritage. For it was not Islam but the hated colonialists who granted equal rights to the Jewish and Christian minorities in the Middle East. Against this background it is easy to understand why there was Nazism (and especially its anti-Jewish elements) to arouse such enthusiasm and admiration among the Arabs in the 1930s and 1940s. The words written by Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem and the leader of the Arabs of Israel, to Adolf Hitler on January 20, 1941, did not in any way contradict the general tone of the Arab nationalism of the period. "Arab nationalism owes Your Excellency a debt of gratitude and of recognition for having repeatedly [again and again] brought up in ringing speeches the 'question of Palestine.'"
In fact, the "question of Palestine" was intended only a marginal place in Hitler's policy and German policy until the outbreak of the war, although the Mufti did not err in seeing Hitler and German leaders as 'anti-Zionists', as opposed to the Stalinist, Trotskyist and leftist fabrications.Gesher. Israel: ha-Hanhalah ha-Yiśreʼelit shel ha-Ḳongres ha-Yehudi ha-ʻolami, 1986. Vols. 32-33. pp. 17-18.
אף-על-פי שהאנטישמיות הסוביטית לא הגיעה מעולם לאותה רמה של אידיאולוגיה טוטלית או אותה דינמיקה אסקטולוגית שאיפיינה את האידיאולוגיה של היטלר, אי אפשר להגזים בחומרת התוצאות שיש למורשה רוסית ... אבל לעומת זאת אנו מוצאים בעולם הנוצרי של ימינו הוקרה ליהודים, התפעלות ורצון לכפר על הרדיפות של העבר - דבר הנעדר מן האיסלם כמעט לגמרי, אף שזה האחרון רשם לחובתו רשימה ארוכה של פוגרומים ביהודים ושל אפליה חוקית ממוסדת. מדרך הטבע בא המאבק על ארץ- ישראל והחדיר מידה גדושה של ארס ועוצמה בכול אותם יסודות של האיסלם שהיו עויינים ליהודים וליהדות. אם כי ברור לחלוטין שיסודות אלה הלכו והתעצמו במזרח התיכון כבר שנים רבות בטרם קמה מדינת ישראל. מעמדם של המיעוטים היהודיים בעולם הערבי - כמוהו כמעמדם של הנוצרים ושל קבוצות לא־ערביות נעשה לא נסבל יותר ויותר (ובלי שום קשר לציונות) נוכח הפאן-ערביות, הלאומנות הייחודית, האנטישמיות הגלויה ותחייתה של הפנטיות המוסלמית. כול המגמות הללו, שהשמיטו את הקרקע מתחת לרגליהן של הקהילות היהודיות הוותיקות בארצות ערב, משכו את כוחן מתוך משטמה משותפת למערב ולמורשתו האמנציפטורית. שכן, לא האיסלם אלא הקולוניאליסטים השנואים הם שהעניקו שווי זכויות למיעוטים היהודיים והנוצריים במזרח התיכון. על רקע זה נקל להבין מדוע היה בנאציזם (ובמיוחד במרכיביו האנטי-יהודיים) כדי לעורר התפעלות והערצה כה נלהבת בקרב הערבים בשנות השלושים והארבעים. הדברים שכתב חאג' אמין אל חוסייני, המופתי של ירושלים ומנהיג ערביי ארץ-ישראל, לאדולף היטלר ב־20 בינואר 1941, לא עמדו בשום פנים בסתירה לטוֹן הכללי של הלאומנות הערבית של התקופה. "הנאציונליזם הערבי חייב להוד מעלתך חוב של הכרת טובה ושל הוקרה על שהעלית שוב ושוב בקול מהדהד את שאלת פלסטין'." למען האמת, ל'שאלת פלסטין' נועד רק מקום שולי במדיניותו של היטלר ובמדיניות הגרמנית עד פרוץ המלחמה, אף־על־פי שהמופתי לא שגה כשראה את היטלר ואת המנהיגים הגרמנים כ'אנטי־ציונים', בניגוד לפבריקציות הסטאליניסטיות, הטרוצקיסטיות והשמאלניות של ימינו.
- ↑ American Christian Palestine Committee, "The Arab War Effort: A Documented Account," 1946, p. 37
- ↑ Esco Foundation for Palestine, inc, "Palestine: A Study of Jewish, Arab, and British Policies", 1947, p. 978. [56][57]
- ↑ The British Record on Partition as Revealed by British Military Intelligence and Other Official Sources. United States: Author, 1948. p. 47
- ↑ R. Melka (1969) Nazi Germany and the Palestine question, Middle Eastern Studies, 5:3, 221-233, DOI: 10.1080/00263206908700130 [58]
- ↑ Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression ...: Office of United States Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1946. 93.
- ↑ Zvi Lavi, "When Eichman was looking for Jewish capital on a secret visit to Haifa", Maariv, Apr 22, 2017.
Even before Adolf Eichmann was appointed the head of the Jews in Gestapo and sent millions of Jews to the extermination camps, he visited Israel in the guise to recognize the first source of the settlement economy.Zvi Lavi returns to the days before the inferno, and the people who tried to save as many people as possible...
Reichert claimed he was not Nazi, but he also admitted that he was not pro Zionism. He wanted to sell Eichmann and Hagen a plan to stimulate immigration for 50,000 German Jews who did not have the means, and saw it as a Nazi alternative to the agreement that was customary until then, a "transfer" agreement, with the aim of increasing the rate of German cleansing of Jews.
In fact, he translated an idea that he had the head of the Agency's political department, Haim Arlosoroff, but did not sign him. It seems that because of him, he was murdered in the summer of 1933, as a spring of spring up against each cooperation with the Nazis...
He only agreed to spread the 50,000 increase over 5 years, and demanded a 25% fee to be shared with his partners in Germany. Reichert invited Volks to Berlin to talk to the partners. The agency thought he was getting involved in a crazy business, but approved his trip on the condition that he appear as a private individual.
The meeting took place at the Berlin Zoo in February 1937. The partners came in SS uniforms and did not speak business. He recalled how "they again blamed world Jewry for the plight of German Jews," and said he slammed them that "there is no world Jewry. Only you will get rid of the problem if you release 50,000 Jews with their property." Polkes did not recover from the oppressive conflict, and in Israel it was reported that "the business is not really serious," but Reichert did not give up. He pressured him to participate at least in the said secret discussion, which was planned in Haifa between the Mufti and Eichmann and Hagen that would come from Germany.
The meeting with the leader of the Arab uprising lit a red light for him. Without remorse, he broke his promise to Reichert to keep the secret, and reported to the defense of the identity of the guests and the day they arrived in Haifa. The meeting must be thwarted immediately. He also hid his role in counterterrorism for 30 years until Eichmann's second and final time in Israel.
Polkes admitted in an interview: "In 1937, I paid out of pocket 20 pounds a bribe to a British officer in the port of Haifa who would deport Eichmann when he arrived in Israel." But the thwarting of the visit only postponed the discussion, which was intended, among other things, to examine the country's economic ability to absorb German Jews. It was held two weeks later at a .. cafe in Cairo, but was interrupted as stated and ended with nothing until it faded. A month later, in November 1937, Polkes severed ties with Reichert and the man disappeared from his life...
Eichmann thought that he alone would be able to harass the "Haavara" if his superiors understood that the boycott of German products concealed that German Jews were not wanted in Israel. It is therefore justified to stop their migration and confiscate their property.
To advance the cause, in 1937 he fabricated a false report for them, as if he had seen in Israel with his own eyes "an economic chaos in which the Jews are [supposedly] cheating..."- ↑ ha-Tsofeh, 26 December 1966.
Obviously, says Polkes, I was just an ordinary man, who stumbled upon this delicate and complicated affair... Mr. Polkes ponders in the past and mutters to himself: Now, as I review my activities, I see that my trip to Berlin in those days, to discuss the immigration of 50,000 Jews, was an entrance to the lion's mouth. I did not receive and could not receive in those days, no guarantee for my personal safety. Just promised to take care of my family in case of any trouble. Today it seems to me that I might not have done so, but in those days I was also prepared for such operations, hoping to save Jews, who did not take care of rescuing themselves, because they did not seriously believe the intentions of the oppressor.- ↑ Maariv, December 21, 1966.
Response of the former Haganah man to the article in Der Spiegel: I paid 20 NIS to a British policeman to deport Eichmann from Haifa.- ↑ Y Weiss, "The Transfer Agreement and the Boycott Movement: A Jewish Dilemma on the eve of the Holocaust," YadVashem
- ↑ 309.0 309.1 Peter Beaumont, "Ken Livingstone muddies history to support claims on Hitler and Zionism The Guardian, May 1, 2016.
Former London mayor confuses agency with intention, with fatal consequences for his garbled argument.The interest of some in the Zionist movement was to flee the rampant and increasingly dangerous antisemitism of the National Socialists, but the German interest in the Haavara agreement was both fear that the Jewish boycott of Germany might have wider economic effects - ultimately a misplaced anxiety - and a desire to push German Jews to flee.The Haavara agreement was designed to encourage the emigration of Jews from Germany in line with National Socialist policies, but it did not have in mind the foundation of a Jewish state in Palestine, a key tenet of Zionism.
Indeed, by late 1937 an anti-Nazi German official involved in administering the agreement suggested that fear in Nazi circles that it might lead to a Jewish state, to which Hitler was implacably opposed, was leading to suggestions "it should be terminated." Fatally for his garbled argument, in the final analysis Livingstone confuses agency and intention. Hitler wanted neither Jews in Germany nor in their own state. The Nazi vision was for the Jews to be removed from any kind of political influence. He facilitated some emigration in pursuit of a policy of ethnic cleansing to "concentrate" German Jews elsewhere.
None of which amounts "to Hitler’s support for Zionism”, no matter how complex the history.
As the Haaretz columnist Anshel Pfeffer summed up Livingstone’s three days of interventions: "His historical version of the Holocaust was only slightly more bizarre than his contention that someone who only hates Jews living in Israel – but not outside it – cannot be considered an anti-Semite."- ↑ Ken Livingstone and the myth of Zionist ‘collaboration’. by Paul Bogdanor, Spring/2017.
... It is hard to know where to begin when refuting such a tissue of falsehoods. Hitler’s policy was never to send ‘all’ of Germany’s Jews to ‘Israel’ (i.e., Palestine under the British Mandate) but to terrorise them into leaving the Reich, irrespective of the destination. The negotiations between the Labour Zionists and Hitler’s government were not private, but were fiercely debated within the Zionist movement. The purpose of the Ha’avara or Transfer Agreement was not ‘to sell Nazi goods,’ but to rescue German Jews and to preserve a fraction of their property from being stolen by the Nazi regime. The boycott of Germany was not just ‘organised by trade unionists and communists,’ but was championed by Jews in the free world, including many Zionists. And so on.
This is not to defend the Transfer Agreement. It is legitimate to argue that negotiating with the Third Reich was a mistake, and that it would have been better to maintain the boycott. But German Jews snatched from the claws of Nazism could hardly have been expected to agree. The Zionist movement undoubtedly saved scores of thousands of lives during the years before the Holocaust. According to Francis Nicosia, the Raul Hilberg Distinguished Professor of Holocaust Studies at the University of Vermont, ‘The approximately 80,000 German, Austrian, and Czech Jews who were able to immigrate legally and illegally to Palestine between 1933 and 1941 represent 80,000 potential victims of the Nazi genocide who were saved.’ (Nicosia, 2008: 288) This is a major embarrassment to anti-Zionist ideologues, which is another reason for their aspersions on Zionist motives and their manufactured charges of ‘collaboration.’
Livingstone himself recently claimed that he had never meant to condemn the Labour Zionists for the arrangement with Germany. ‘I neither criticised the transfer agreement or [sic] the section of Zionism that participated in the agreement,’ he wrote in his submission to the Labour Party inquiry (Livingstone, 2017a: 11). This would be a strange position to take if he really did see something sinister or ‘collaborationist’ in this Zionist policy...
Poale Zion was a movement advocating Zionism and socialism. Livingstone is claiming that Nazi Germany ‘supported’ Jews who were not only Zionists but also socialists.
In 1933, during the first months after Hitler’s takeover, Nazi policy on the ‘Jewish Question’ was in flux. The Zionist Federation of Germany asked Kurt Tuchler to identify moderate Nazi officials and win them over. Tuchler contacted SS official Baron Leopold von Mildenstein and accompanied him to Palestine. Von Mildenstein wrote a 12-part series about the trip for the Goebbels newspaper Der Angriff, which ran the series from September 26 to October 9, 1934 (Boas, 1980).
To commemorate von Mildenstein’s articles, Der Angriff struck a coin-shaped medal with a swastika on one side and a Star of David on the other. The inscription on the medal read: ‘Ein Nazi fährt nach Palästina und erzählt davon im Angriff’ (‘A Nazi travels to Palestine and tells about it in Angriff’). (Boas, 1980: 38)
The medal was pure propaganda, created by the Nazis to pretend that they wanted an ‘honourable’ solution to the ‘Jewish Question’ and that Jews were their equal partners in finding such a solution. In citing this medal as proof of ‘collaboration,’ Livingstone is giving credence to a propaganda ruse by Goebbels...
The SS did not set up the training camps for German Jews. Livingstone is referring to the hachschara farms, which Zionists set up even before Hitler’s takeover in order to retrain German Jews for life in Palestine. A thorough study of the hachschara farms has been made by Francis Nicosia (Nicosia, 2005; Nicosia, 2008). Nicosia makes it clear that Zionist and non-Zionist Jews alike, realising the urgency of extricating as many Jews as possible from Nazi Germany, used occupational retraining centres to prepare Jews for a new life abroad. The Zionist centres prepared Jews for Palestine; the non-Zionist centres prepared Jews for other destinations (Nicosia, 2005: 368; Nicosia, 2008: 211, 221, 225-6, 242).
Occupational retraining won the support of the SS in the 1930s, but Nicosia records how the centres were strictly monitored and regulated: ‘Nazi authorities also imposed specific rules that prohibited singing, whistling, smoking, and any undue noise in work areas; mandated absolute cleanliness in washrooms and in toilets; and prohibited unauthorized visits from friends and relatives. The rules required strict work schedules and provided for breaks, vacation times, and the promise of harsh punishment, including expulsion from the program, for breaking the rules.’ (Nicosia, 2008: 229)
When the war began, ‘the regime used Jewish trainees to help meet its labor shortage by folding the occupational retraining programs and the young Jews engaged in them into its forced labor programs.’ (Nicosia, 2005: 382) Finally, ‘As emigration faded from Nazi policy and gave way to genocide, untold thousands of Jewish workers, including those from the Zionist Hachschara programs, would become part of Nazi Germany’s wartime “labor force” prior to their mass murder.’ (Nicosia, 2008: 244)
In short, Livingstone’s claim that ‘the SS set up training camps’ for German Jews is a fabrication. It was Jews, not the SS, who founded the vocational retraining centres for those hoping to emigrate...- ↑ Yoav Karni, The Zionists and the Devil - So what did Hitler really think of the Jewish state?, Globes, May 5, 2016.
AntisemitismHe hated the Zionists, and thought their country was meant to be a refuge for crooks and thieves...
Livingstone, that he came across an unequivocal reference some 30 years ago in the book by a Trotskyist.. historian,...
Nazi Germany did make a deal with the Zionist movement to encourage Jewish immigration. The Zionists did agree to the partial transfer of Jewish property from Germany to Mandatory Palestine through the purchase of German goods. So what. Should the Zionists apologize for succeeding in rescuing several tens of thousands of Jews from the gas chambers?
The question of whether Hitler was a "Zionist" is, of course, fundamentally stupid. All you have to do is read 'Mein Kampf' to know what he thought of the grades. They disgusted him when he encountered them, or their opinions, in early 20th-century Vienna. In his view, the Jewish state they envisioned was intended only to grant sovereignty to their multi-continental conspiracy. It is not a state that interests them, but a territorial base, where all Jewish [sic] criminals, [sic] swindlers and thieves can hide from the terror of the law.
The only immigration solutions he was willing to consider in the future were the repulsion of the Jews beyond the Ural Mountains, to Siberia and to the Russian Far East; Or sent to Madagascar, to set up for them a huge concentration camp under the close supervision of the SS. But both solutions would require a huge-scale logistical effort, incompatible with war needs. First the European side of Russia had to be conquered, or the US and British war fleets eliminated. Wholesale destruction 500 km from Berlin was much more practical.
We do not know in what Nazi minds the idea of extermination drilled years before Auschwitz. Hitler alluded to it even before "Mein Kampf", when he described the Jews as a "problem of public health".- ↑ Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression ...: Office of United States Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1946. 88.
- ↑ Lewis, Bernard. Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice. United States: W. Norton & Company, 1999. 142.
- ↑ PALESTINE. (Hansard, 22 May 1939).
On page 9 of the White Paper the right hon. Gentleman talks about intense Arab apprehension and widespread fear of immigration. If there is this apprehension and this widespread fear of immigration, how is it that the population has increased during the past few years from 600,000 to over 1,000,000? How is it that none of these terrified Arabs have gone to Iraq and Transjordan, if it is true that they are all in fear and trembling? How is it, if these Arabs are terrified, they have not raced across the border to Transjordan and Iraq? Why do these terrified Arabs want to remain in this Jewish chamber of horrors? It simply is not true, and the fear referred to by the right hon. Gentleman does not exist. The only persons that the Arabs need fear—the Arabs for whom I have any thought—are the Arab terrorists encouraged by the ex-Mufti, who have been responsible for killing about 3,000 of them during the last year or two. It is ridiculous to talk about the fear of Jewish domination, with Arabs States all around Palestine where not only could they come to the aid of their fellow Arabs, but where no body of Jews would dare to dispose of the safeguards that have been provided for them. This fear argument is a mere excuse. It is another victory for Hitler and Mussolini and those who think as they think, and those who have been guiding the terrorists activities during the past three years.
We have watched the rise and fall of this Palestine problem. In 1917 Jewish hopes were raised in all parts of the world. It was thought that at long last here was the Jewish Magna Charta. By 1921 Transjordan was lopped off; in 1922 free immigration became immigration on the basis of economic absorptive capacity and very properly; in 1930 land sales were restricted; in 1937 partition was accepted by the Government; in 1938 partition was rejected by the Government; and in 1939 we see the funeral of the Mandate. That is not a very proud record either for this, or for any other Government that has gone before. I hope that the hon. Member for Stretford (Mr. Crossley), when he makes his statement, will not forget the fact that, while we have dealt with the Jewish problem in a very delicate and half-hearted manner, we were not nearly so delicate or half-hearted when dealing with the Arabs. Since the War they have established independent States in Iraq, Saudi Arabia Yemen, Syria and Transjordan, an area as big as Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Spain combined. Whereas the latter countries have 300,000,000, in the Arab State they have a mere 12,000,000 or 13,000,000. To talk about these landless Arabs is not only special pleading, but has no relation to the facts at all.- ↑ Wannsee Conference and the "Final Solution", ‘’Holocaust Encyclopedia’’.
The SS and police had already negotiated agreements with the German Army High Command on the murder of civilians, including Soviet Jews, in the spring of 1941, prior to the invasion of the Soviet Union. In late September 1941, Hitler had authorized the Reich Railroads to transport German, Austrian, and Czech Jews to locations in German-occupied Poland and the German-occupied Soviet Union, where German authorities would kill the overwhelming majority of them...- ↑ The Sentinel, 22 August 1957 —GERMAN DOCUMENT REVEALS DETAILS OF ARAB COLLABORATION.
By Milton Friedman, Chief J. T. A. Washington Bureau.- ↑ Avishay, Shaul. Propaganda in the Underground (Jerusalem: Reuven Mess, 2008), p. 132.
תעמולה במחתרת (ירושלים : ראובן מס, תשס"ט 2008) עמ' 132.בעיראק הושיטו שליטיה עזרה גלויה לערביי ארץ ישראל בתמיכתם בגרמנים. ביפו, בשכם ובטול-כארם היו התכנסויות רבות משתתפים עם סוכנים ערבים ואיטלקים, שארגנו את הצעירים לקריאות הידד: 'ויווה איטליה ! ויווה דוצ'ה! והייל היטלר!' בכרוז שהפיצו בחתימת היטלר, קראו לקהלם להלחם באנגלים.
בעכו, התארגנו בתאים צבאיים קורסים למדריכים. על יד משמר הירדן נתפס ב-19 מאי 1940 ערבי, כשבידו מכתב וסכום כסף ניכר שנועד לממלא מקום מפקד המרד הערבי במזרח הקרוב, שנדרש להתחיל בפעולות טרור. את היטלר כינו בשם הקונספירטיבי - אבו עלי. בבגדאד התכנסו מנהיגים ערבים ודנו בשאלת הפרעות ביהודי ארץ ישראל, לפי הוראות סוכנים גרמנים. בתמורה הבטיחה גרמניה לערבים, גרוש היהודים ומדינה עצמאית . המופתי הירושלמי, חאג' אמין אל-חוסייני, שעבר לסוריה דרש לבצע פעולות טרור מיד. סובחי זיבן ואחיו רוסטור זיבן מטירה, נתמנו לנהל במחוז חיפה את פעולות הכנופיות הערביות. אבו עלי, ראש שבט ערב אל והב, השוכן בין ראש פינה ויסוד המעלה קיבל עליו את תפקיד ניהול הגייס החמישי בארץ ישראל.
סעיד שקיד, מראשי הכנופיות, חזר לארץ ישראל . בכרוז שהפיץ ברמאללה הזהיר את הבריטים, כי ילחם לצד אדולף היטלר ובניטו מוסוליני (הוא נתפש לאחר קרב יריות בביתוניה). רוב אנשי הכנופיות שברחו לעיראק, לאחר מאורעות 1939-1936, שבו לסוריה להכנת הפרעות בארץ ישראל.- ↑ "GERMAN SEES SYRIA AIDING DRIVE TO INDIA; Von Hentig Says Arabs There Talk of 'Mohammed Hitler'." By Telephone To the New York Times, May 8, 1941.
Influence in anti-Brit Pan-Arab movement in Syria discussed. ... Von Hentig Says Arabs There Talk of 'Mohammed Hitler'...- ↑ HITLER'S JIHAD, The New York Times, May 3, 1941, Page 14.
- ↑ The Sentinel, June 5, 1941, p. 27. 'Nazi Gun-Running To Arabs Endanger Unarmed Jews on Palestine Soil.'
Ankara, June 1 (WNS) - The 550,000 Jews in Palestine must be armed immediately to remove the threat of anti-Jewish and anti-British uprisings in Palestine by insurgent Arab bands, equipped with machine guns and rifles by Nazi agents, it was reported here. Reports spread here that Axis agents stationed in Syria and Iraq have been smuggling large quantities of weapons and ammunition to renegade Arab tribes in the desert and mountains of Palestine. The intensive anti-Jewish propaganda campaign conducted by the Nazis is becoming increasingly effective among certain sections of the Arab population, these reports said, and guns now furnished to the Jewish community may soon mean the difference between life and death. Nazi planes, taking off from air-fields in Iraq, have dropped leaflets on Palestine telling the Arabs that the time has come for the "holy war" against the British and Jews, and urging Arabs to take up arms immediately against their British and Jewish oppressors. The Nazis are still getting guns to the Arabs in Palestine, it was reported, despite the precautions taken by the British and the recent seizure by British patrols of several camel caravans loaded down with munitions. A number of secret munitions stores in the desert have been recently discovered. Military quarters here estimated that the Jewish home defense units in Palestine must be given at least fifty thousand rifles and ammunition, machine guns and hand grenades, in order to be in a position to beat back possible Arab and Nazi attacks. Particular stress was laid on the necessity of affording adequate protection to Jews in the smaller communities.
Given the necessary arms and ammunition the Jewish communities of Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and Haifa would be able to protect themselves from Arab uprisings.- ↑ Maha Muhammad bin Saud Al-Rasheed, 'The Palestinian national movement during the Second World War, 1939-1945.' Syria: Dar Al-Nameer, 2003. p.83.
- ↑ Barry Rubin, Wolfgang G. Schwanitz, "Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East," Yale University Press, 2014, p. 2. [59]. [60]
- ↑ 323.0 323.1 Former Jordanian Health Minister Dr. Zaid Hamzeh: We Arabs Supported Hitler During WWII Because He Hated The Jews, Memri, Nov 8, 2019.
Former Jordanian Health Minister Dr. Zaid Hamzeh said in an October 9, 2019 interview on A One TV (Jordan) that nations oftentimes only progress after having suffered for centuries and that future Arab generations must suffer before progressing. In addition, he said that he had supported Adolf Hitler during World War II like other Arabs, and recalled that in fourth grade his school had participated in demonstrations and chanted "Long live Abu Ali," which he said had been a reference to Hitler. Dr. Hamzeh said that the Arabs supported Hitler because he hated the Jews, although he added the Arabs have a general tendency to admire dictators... Interviewer: "It was the Soviet Union at the time. Do you remember WWII?" Zaid Hamzeh: "Of course." "I Was Exactly Nine Years Old... [The Slogan Was:] 'Down With X, But Long Live Abu Ali!' Abu Ali Was A Reference To Hitler, But We Didn't Know That" Interviewer: "Did you support Hitler, like all the Arabs?" Zaid Hamzeh: "Yes." [...] "[We Supported] Hitler, Because He Hated The Jews, And We Have Been Mad At The Jews Ever Since Those Days" "We took to the streets to support him when the Rashid Ali Al-Gailani revolution broke out in Iraq. We supported the revolution, and, of course, [we supported] Hitler, because he hated the Jews, and we have been mad at the Jews ever since those days."
[61].- ↑ Donna Rachel Edmunds, Jordanian ex-minister: Arabs supported Hitler because he hated Jews, JPost, November 12, 2019.
His comments came days before a Jordanian researcher claimed just 400,000 Jews had been killed by the Nazis.- ↑ Tabby Refael, Have You Ever Heard of the Farhud?, JJ, June 8, 2022.
- ↑ Rejwan, Nissim. The Jews of Iraq: 3000 Years of History and Culture. United States: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1985. p. 223.
- ↑ "Operation Grandma - Iraq." R' Dori, Apr 10, 2019. [62].
- ↑ E. Black, "When Baghdad Burned – the June 1941 Farhud Massacre", TOI, May 28, 2015.
As Arab Nationalism and Hitlerism fused, numerous Nazi-style youth clubs began springing up in Iraq. One pivotal group known as Futuwwa was nothing less than a clone of the Hitler Youth. In 1938, Futuwwa members were required to attend a candlelight Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg. When the delegation came back from Germany, a common chant in Arabic was, “Long live Hitler, the killer of insects and J...”- ↑ 329.0 329.1 Maya Buenos, "Mom closed my eyes, but I saw. It was the Farhud, you can not forget it", Maariv, 05/06/2021.
Outside Baghdad, in the city of Diwaniyah, one night the large home of the Sasson family became a ghetto that centralized the city's Jews, from whom they were sent daily to forced labor. In his memoir, Daniel Sasson wrote: "The story of the Diwaniyah ghetto has not yet been told. "Because of the congestion of the difficult events of those days, which left the Jewish community of Diwaniyah surprised, struck by astonishment, pain and anxiety, and whether because of its desire to repress the event in its collective memory."
Sasson describes that the two-story house was divided into three wings: the men were concentrated in the front, the women and children were concentrated in the middle part, and the back part was converted into a police station that managed and guarded the ghetto. According to Sasson, 670 Jews were housed in a ghetto that covered an area of 750 square meters. Around the house, police were stationed in four hotspots, and the guards were armed with rifles and bayonets.
But in the early morning hours of May 31, 1941, just a day before the riots broke out, Sasson noticed that the guards were gone. "I went downstairs and saw that the guards were gone, and with them the police van with the automatic weapon and the long chain of bullets dangling from it downstairs," he says. "At that stage we did not know that Rashid Ali's revolt had failed, and the men decided to stay inside the house, because they were afraid that it was a police ploy, that we would go out and they would shoot us, say we tried to escape."
Among the men in the ghetto, another decision was immediately made, to gather everyone at 10:00 in the house plaza and try to understand what it was all about. In the hours that have passed, they have already learned through the radio that the uprising has indeed failed and its leaders have fled Iraq.
What did the failure of the revolt mean to you? 'We thought it was our release day, Rashid Ali's failure. Today when I think of the ghettos that Rashid Ali established and that he intended to establish more ghettos, I can only imagine what would have happened if he had not lost in the revolution. He would execute all Iraqi Jews. ' With teary eyes, Sasson continues his story: "But I remember watching men from the sidelines, after hearing on the radio about the failure of the revolt, reading 'Hear Israel' and singing traditional songs of Babylonian Jewry. They were bearded, their clothes were tattered and most of all, despite the excitement of knowing, they had sadness on their faces. It hurt me to look at them. '
On the same day, Sasson and his family traveled to the city of Shmaya, 35 kilometers from Diwania. There they reunited with their relatives from Baghdad, not knowing that the Farhud would persecute them all the way there. The next day, on Pentecost, Sasson sat by the window and saw his uncle, Menashe Khalashi, coming out of the door of the house and before his eyes he was shot dead by an Arab assassin. 5-year-old Sasson ran outside, saw the terrible horror, returned home and burst into tears and shouting. "A great commotion broke out in the house, and my father said, 'Let us flee to the city of Hila,'" says Sasson ...- ↑ 330.0 330.1 Yaara Zered, "78 Years to Farhud: The Forgotten Massacre of Iraqi Jewry", Srugim, 02-06-2019.
Iraqi Jews were slaughtered on the streets, beaten, stabbed and run over to death, women raped, children and the elderly dismembered.. children were thrown into the water in front of the parents. Jews climbed on the roofs of houses and fled from roof to roof... according to authoritative evidence, there are about 1,000 murdered...- ↑ Joseph Samuels, "When the Mob Came for the Jews of Baghdad", WSJ, May 28, 2021.
We heard screams all through the night. Today only four known Jews remain in Iraq. I was 10 when mobs attacked the Jewish community of Baghdad, my community, with cruel and unimaginable violence. Rioters maimed, raped, killed and robbed the unsuspecting Jews...
The seeds of the Farhud had been sown two months earlier. On April 1, a pro-Nazi coup d’état overthrew the pro-British Iraqi government and seized power. The coup was staged by Rashid Ali al Gaylani, an Arab nationalist and former Iraqi prime minister, supported by four army generals, and aided by Fritz Grobba, a former German ambassador to Iraq. This dangerous group was further stoked by the grand mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al Husseini, who deeply hated the Jews. Anti-Semitic propaganda began to appear in the daily newspapers and in broadcasts on Radio Baghdad. It was intended to inflame the Muslim population and rally support for the new regime.- ↑ Remembering the Farhud massacre of June 1941, E. Black/Guest columnist, Winston-Salem Journal Now, May 31, 2015.
Women were raped as their horrified families looked on. Infants were killed in front of their parents. Home and stores were emptied and then burned. Gunshots and screams electrified the city for hours upon hours. Beheadings, torsos sliced open, babies dismembered, horrid tortures, and mutilations were widespread. Severed limbs were waved here and there as hideous trophies. In home after home, furniture was moved up against the door to create a barricade. As Arabs breached the entrances, many families escaped to the roof, one step ahead. Fleeing Jews jumped from one roof to another. In some instances, parents and siblings threw children down from roofs to waiting blankets below.
Women were defiled everywhere. Arabs broke into the girl’s school and the students were raped — endlessly. Young or old, Jewish females were set upon and mercilessly gang raped and often mutilated.-E. Black, "When Baghdad Burned: The June 1941 Farhud Massacre", Israel National News, 27/05/15.
The fusion of Nazism and Arab nationalism in the Middle East spelled unimaginable horror for Iraq's ancient Jewish community.
-Black, Edwin. The Farhud: Roots of the Arab-Nazi Alliance in the Holocaust. N.p.: Dialog Press, 2018.- ↑ As many as 1,000 Jews could have died in the Farhud, Jewish Refugees, June 3, 2021.
- ↑ 334.0 334.1 334.2 Edy Cohen, "The Farhoud Remembered," BESA Center Perspectives Paper No. 484, June 2, 2017.
[63]EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Seventy-six years after the mass massacre of the Baghdad Jews, in which the then-leader of the Palestinian Arabs, Hajj Amin Husseini, was deeply involved, his heirs to the Palestinian leadership still sustain an anti-Israel and anti-Jewish campaign of racial and political incitement unparalleled in scope and intensity since Nazi Germany... In an attempt to win Arab and Muslim hearts and minds, the first Arab-language Nazi radio station was launched in Berlin prior to the outbreak of the Second World War, broadcasting anti-British, anti-American, anti-Soviet, and particularly anti-Semitic propaganda. It thus helped spread radical anti-Semitism in the Middle East, where it found common ground with the anti-Jewish tendencies in Islam. The messages in the propaganda broadcasts were designed to achieve certain goals, such as winning the Arab population’s sympathy for the Nazis and the Führer; inciting against the British and French presence in the Middle East; stoking Arab national sentiments; and, last but not least, wildly inciting against the Jews, who were accused inter alia of stealing the Arabs’ money and being behind all the Arab world’s woes. This propaganda mill employed many teams of both civilian and military personnel, including writers, translators, academics, and Middle East experts. Among others, the broadcasts featured Arab immigrants and leaders. The mythic broadcaster and director of the Arabic station was the journalist Yunus Bahri, who reached Berlin after fleeing his native Iraq, where he had been sentenced to death for pro-Nazi activity. He was recruited by Grobba and opened his broadcasts with his famous line, “The Arab Lord Haw-Haw, this is Berlin, greetings to the Arabs.” Known for his virulent anti-Semitism, Bahri stated proudly in a memoir he wrote after the war, "I was the first Arab to collaborate with the Nazis." His hatred towards Jews was so intense that he was summoned for a reprimand in Propaganda Minister Goebbels’s office because of his excessively vitriolic attacks on Jews and especially his constant use of the term “Jewish [sic] criminals.”
Four days before the Farhoud, Bahri stated on Radio Berlin...- ↑ Nili Gabay, The Jewish Woman in Baghdad: Processes of Change in Social Status in the First Half of the Twentieth Century, Association of Iraqi Academics in Israel, 2006, p. 22. נילי גבאי, האשה היהודיה בבגדאד: תהליכי שינוי במעמדה החברתי במחצית הראשונה של המאה העשרים, אגודת האקדמאים יוצאי עיראק בישראל, 2006, עמ' 22.
... ובעיקר שליחיו של המופתי הירושלמי, חאג' אמין אל-חוסייני, וגרובה, הנספח המדיני של גרמניה הנאצית בבגדאד, שעוררו הסתה נגד יהודי עיראק על רקע המאורעות שפרצו בארץ-ישראל בשנת 1936.
- ↑ Morad, T.., Shasha, D.. Iraq’s Last Jews: Stories of Daily Life, Upheaval, and Escape from Modern Babylon. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. p. 6.
- ↑ Lyn Julius, Why we need to remember the Farhud, JNS, June 1, 2022.
"On the first night of Shavu’ot we usually go to synagogue and stay up all night studying Torah," said Heskel Haddad, now a veteran ophthalmologist in New York. "Suddenly we heard screams: ‘Allah Allah!’ and shots were fired. We went out to the roof to see what was happening, we saw fires, we saw people on the roofs in the Jewish quarter screaming, begging God to help them."
The violence continued through the night. Jewish homes were targeted by a red handprint, or hamsa, painted on their walls. Haddad remembers that the mob came down his street at dawn, and he watched them from the roof as they looted his neighbor’s house.
"My father had a dagger in his hand and a pipe to prevent people from attacking us on the roof," he recounted. "An idea came to me and I took some bricks from breaking the walls and started throwing them. Other kids came with me and began throwing rocks on these people. And when we hit somebody and they began to bleed, they began screaming 'Allah!' and they left. And they left the loot behind them."
Some families bribed policemen to guard them, paying half a dinar for each bullet fired. Others owe their lives to Muslims who risked their lives to protect their Jewish neighbors.
The Farhud was caused by a toxic mix of Nazi influence and propaganda, anti-colonialism that scapegoated the Jews as a fifth column and militaristic nationalism. Many blame the pro-Nazi Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, who together with 400 Palestinian and Syrian exiles incited anti-Jewish hatred during the two years he spent in Baghdad. But some argue that the shadowy figure of Yunis Bahri did more harm than the Mufti. Bahri broadcast radio propaganda from Berlin. In coffee shops, Iraqis huddled around shortwave radios to hear his broadcasts. They always started with the call Huna Berlin. Hayii al Arab—"This is Berlin. Arab greetings."
The power of Bahri's broadcasts cannot be discounted. Four days before the Farhud broke out, he took to the airwaves to incite Arab listeners to violence. "The biggest enemies of mankind," he declared, "are those who believe the Jews.”
The Farhud was unprecedented in the recent history of the Jews of Iraq, the world’s oldest Diaspora community. It had such a traumatic effect that within 10 years after the regime began to persecute its Jewish citizens in revenge for its failure to defeat Israel in 1948, most of the community fled as soon as they were able. Today, only three Jews remain in Iraq out of a 1948 population of 150,000. Most of those who were pushed out have resettled in Israel.
The name Farhud means “forced dispossession.” It is a euphemism for brutal murder, mutilation, drowning, poisoning and looting. It was the first of several lethal riots that preceded the establishment of Israel in 1948. These outbreaks of violence, together with a raft of anti-Jewish laws passed in Arab League countries, reminiscent of the Nazi Nuremberg laws, convinced Jews in the Arab world that they had no future in the independent Arab states that emerged from the colonial era.- ↑ Ben-Jacob, Abraham. A history of the Jews in Iraq : From the end of the Gaonic period [1038 C.e.] to the present time [Yehudei Bavel: mi-sof tkufat ha-ge'onim 'ad yamenu : 1038-1960]. Israel: Kiryat Sefer, 1979. pp.249-52.
In the year 5696 (c. 1936), the riots broke out in the Land of Israel. Every minor agitation and every exaggerated news that reached Iraq by the Arab newspapers from the Land of Israel made wings to the detriment of the Jews there. From the day the riots began in Israel, Iraqi Jews avoided walking in the streets in the evening, even in the Jewish neighborhoods. Every Jewish institution and Jewish club was seen by the Arabs as "Zionist" and therefore it was permissible to burn and destroy it. The war against Zionism was officially waged. Systematically and persistently, the Ministry of Education in Iraq filled the government schools with national Arab teachers from Israel, who incited the Arab youth to hate Israel and Zionism by all the means at their disposal - orally, in writing, and in the study books they authored. The mufti of Jerusalem Haj Amin al-Husseini; the radio, the newspaper and the book in Iraq - they were all directed against the Jews and Zionism alike.
In the years 5696-7 (1936-7), ten Jews were murdered in Baghdad and Basra. There were many cases of robbery and looting by the Muslim mob. Bombs were dropped on Jewish clubs. The Jewish community closed for two days in 1937 to protest this inhumane treatment; and while the head of the community ("rayiys altaayifa"), Sasson Kaduri, appealed to the authorities to punish the rioters, we were asked to officially declare that the Jews of Iraq have nothing to do with their brothers in E.Y. [Palestine].
In Cheshvan 5697 (October 1936) there was a military revolution in Iraq under the leadership of General Bakr Sidqi al-Askari [بكر صدقي العسكري] The roots of the coup were rooted in the religious, racial and political differences that left their mark on the country from the day it was founded. All the previous ministers were dismissed and left the country.
Yasin (Faha) al-Hashimi [ياسين الهاشمي], the previous prime minister (who at the time worked out extensive plans to undermine the existence of the Jews in Iraq and even prepared to go to Israel and catarize the Jews before the Peel Commission), also fled and found his death in Syria.
The members of the new cabinet headed by Hikmat Sulayman did not show an overly negative attitude towards the Jews, although they did not show sympathy for them either. The revolution brought in its wake a change that was in favor of the Jews for a very short period of time. It distracted them from the Jews for a while and they were more interested in the results of the revolution and the new power relations.
Bakr Sidqi, the initiator of the coup, was inclined to fascism. He carried out the massacre of the Assyrians and was called by the people of Iraq the "Conqueror of the Assyrians". At the time he married a Nazi German woman. A considerable number of Nazi girls were deliberately sent from Germany to Iraq for espionage and propaganda purposes and would socialize with the high-ranking army officers and some members of the government. In Baghdad, an Arab Nazi association was created under the name "Al-Muthanna" [نادي المثنى], headed by the Arab Nazi Dr. Saib Shawkat [صائب شوكت], director of the government hospital in Baghdad. This party had a special club whose members were among the educated and the officers, and where all the conspiracies against the Jews were hatched.
The Jews, pressed between a rock and a hard place, did everything in their power to show their loyalty to the government of their country. The Jews donated tens of thousands of pounds to various national causes, to aviation and the Iraqi Red Crescent, while the government spared no opportunity to extort additional funds from them.
Haj Amin Al Husseini, who was the mufti of Jerusalem, and some of his assistants from the Arabs of Eretz Israel ["Palestinians"] (such as: Akram Zuaiter [أكرم زعيتر] and Darwish Miqdadi [درويش مقدادي]) organized the anti-Jewish propaganda. With threats of death and by vile means, they extorted money from the Jews of Iraq for the terrorist fund that managed the disturbances in Palestine.
The Jews of Babylon who never harmed their government and Iraqi nationalism in any way, bore their suffering and insult in silence and worried about their fate and their future. They put on the "sidara" (Iraqi national hat) on their heads and sent their sons to serve in the Iraqi army. Hundreds of young men served in this army and gave themselves up for their country. Instead of the Hebrew songs they used to sing in the previous years - they now started singing national Iraqi Arab songs. All this was of no use when the days of disturbances came.
Shavuot Riots 1941 (June 1-2, 1941)
Self-government in Iraq has never been stable. Between the years 1932-1950 it was ruled by three kings, 31 governments (compared to 14 in the years of the British mandate in 1921-1932); 9 houses of parliament (compared to 3 during the mandate period), of which only two (the one elected in 1939 and the last one) completed During their four years in office, there were also six coups, starting with the Bakr Sidki coup until the coup of 1941. The Second World War broke out on September 3, 1939, when the government in Iraq was in the hands of Nuri al-Said, known as pro-British.
He fulfilled the terms of the 1930 treaty with Britain and severed Iraq's diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany and German subjects were imprisoned in Habaniah. His actions infuriated the pro-Nazis who were looking for an opportunity to overthrow the existing government. On October 16, 1939, the Jerusalem mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini arrived in Iraq (Masuria). Magnificent receptions were held in his honor, which were used for propaganda against both the Jews and the British. He established a special bureau for the war against the Jews and the British. And in this he was helped by some of the Palestinian exiles who were with him: his relative Jamal al-Husseini, Musa al-Alami, Akram Zuaiter, Emil Ghori, Darwish al-Miqdadi, Kaukaji, Amin Ruiha and others. On January 31, 1941, Rashid Ali al-Gaylani [al-Kilani] resigned as the head of the Iraqi government as a protest against the pro-British policy of Foreign Minister Nouri al-Said and the Iraqi curfew. Two months later, he managed to carry out a military rebellion and establish a military dictatorship in the country.
The curfew, Nouri al-Said and their supporters fled towards Jordan and from there to Palestine. Iraq betrayed England, only because of which it gained independence, and gave its hand to Nazi Germany. Among those who voted for rape in the Iraqi parliament in favor of Rashid Ali were also the Jewish deputies. All British subjects found in Iraq were placed in detention camps. The British army that landed in Basra at the beginning of the rebellion started marching towards Baghdad. A pro-Nazi Iraqi army was sent to hold up the advance.
The Iraqi government at the time had less than fifty obsolete model aircraft.
Rashid Ali turned to Hitler for help, German planes appeared in the skies of Iraq, and the war between Great Britain and Little Iraq began. Ostensibly it was a huge war in Nance, a war of a great power against a small powerless power, but in fact it was not like that. England, which at that time was able to return the situation to normal for several hours, acted with great slowness and great patience. The British army that organized in the Land of Israel an invasion force for Iraq arrived in Baghdad only after a few weeks.
This slowness was in the minds and souls of the Jews.
Immediately after the rise of Rashid Ali, the Iraqi Jews realized that their fate was sealed. The Muslims awaited for a day of "revenge" and divided among themselves the property of the Jews: the house of so-and-so to so-and-so, so-and-so's daughter and so-and-so's wife to so-and-so. They threatened the Jews that they would leave no survivor.
The investigation proved that already at the beginning of May, with the outbreak of the rebellion, feverish preparations were made for a wild attack on the Jews. At the head of the mob was Younis A-Sabawi - a member of the Ministry and the leader of the national organization "Youth Squad" [Futuwwa]. The abominable propaganda was carried out in public meetings, in newspapers and on radio broadcasts day and night. He distributed weapons to the "youth squad", gathered the entire mob around him and put them in a "ready" state to carry out his plan.
With the escape of Rashid Ali to Berlin, a provisional government was established in Baghdad.
One of the representatives of the provisional government spoke on the radio on Shabbat, the eve of Shavuot, and announced that the next day (Sunday, 6 Sivan 5701) a legal government would be established and the blackout in the city would be abolished. The Jews believed in these promises and breathed a sigh of relief. The masses who were preparing to plunder and rob the Jews were disappointed by this news, regretted the fall of Rashid Ali and were angry with the Jews who were looking forward with joy to the pro-British rule of the curate Abd al-Ila. Many Iraqi soldiers and officers, who fled the battlefield, walked the streets disgruntled and hungry with weapons in hand. The curfew entered the palace of Sad al-Karrah, which is located a few kilometers from Baghdad, at noon on May 30. On that day, Younis A-Sabawi declared himself the military governor of the country. A special security committee headed by Mayor Arshad Al-Omari and the Chief of Police signed a cease-fire agreement on May 31. Yunis A. Sabawi invited the head of the Jewish community in Baghdad to him and demanded that he tell the Jews not to leave their homes for the three days: Saturday, Sunday and Monday, which are the two days of Shavuot. That morning, Yunis sent a call to the masses through the broadcasting service, to carry out a massacre of the Jews; However, this call was delayed by the head of the security committee, who was able to ban Yunis A. Sabaoui and transport him across the border.
On Sunday 6 Sivan, the curfew arrived at the Baghdad airport (about two kilometers from the city).
The wild massacre began on Shavuot, Sunday and Monday, 6-7 in Sivan 5701 (June 1-2, 1941).
On the first day before noon, the Jewish dignitaries went together with the other "dignitaries" to welcome the curfew. The uplifted mood of the Jews was not pleasant for the soldiers and civilian policemen; And on their return, together with the Muslim mob, they attacked the Jews in the main streets and massacred them.
Jews sitting in cars and buses were taken out by force, beaten to death, slaughtered with swords and daggers in front of everyone. The bus drivers trampled over the bodies of the dead without any sense of morality. The mob was immediately joined by Muslim "respectables", school students, government officials, a large part of the civil and military police, policemen and officers. They divided the city into areas and began robbery and murder, from which they equipped themselves with rifles and pistols, and from which they killed with swords, daggers, knives, hatchets, bayonets and all destructive tools.
The mass slaughter surrounded all the Jewish neighborhoods and especially the main streets of Baghdad, Al Rashid Street and Ghazi Street, which are inhabited by many Jews, and the Abu Sifan neighborhood.
The rioters were not satisfied with only murder, they also resorted to severe torture. With great cruelty and savagery that cannot be described with a human pen. They abused, tortured and murdered every Jew who came near them: man and woman, old man and child; toddlers and suckling babies were murdered in the arms of their parents. They also attacked girls and women and raped them in front of the men and then abused them, cut them to pieces and spread their organs all over.
On the second day, an order was given to the mob to go to the police headquarters and take weapons from there. The rioters also used machine guns.
Along with the murder, robbery and looting began in the city. Most of the houses and shops of the Jews were destroyed.
The Jewish shops were marked with a red sign even earlier and because of that no non-Jewish shops were broken into. At the head of the robbers marched military and police personnel and they encouraged the mob to their heinous acts. Senior police officers brought trucks and loaded them with the property they looted from Jewish homes and shops. In several cases, the robbers opened the taps and filled the Jewish homes with water. The Muslim women took off the clothes of the dead bodies and put them on on themselves.
In the places close to the river and in the houses where wells were found - they threw the children and babies into the waters in front of their parents. The rioters also ran amok in the synagogues of the Jews and desecrated them. The 'Farha' synagogue was completely looted. The Torah scrolls were thrown out, the bags that were coated with silver and gold - were robbed.
There is some truth to the widespread rumor that all the patients who were transferred to the government hospital under the management of Israel's torturer Dr. Saib Shawkat - were killed by poison.
The Jews could not defend themselves against the wild crowd equipped with weapons. In individual houses, one Jew who possessed a weapon managed to save their lives. Other Jews, they used cold weapons to kill and be killed. The rest of the Jews got on the roofs of the houses and started running from one house roof to another.
In the morning of the second day, while riots were raging outside Baghdad, the curfew was busy assembling the new government, and Jamil al-Madfai was appointed prime minister. At the same time at 10:45 a curfew order was broadcast on the radio. Around noon, a new Iraqi army entered the city from the north, which had vowed curfew training and was mostly made up of Kurds. This army was ordered to disperse the rioters. After a few shots the mob dispersed. Dozens of rioters were killed. In the afternoon there was silence in the killing town.- ↑ Levenberg. Haim. Military preparations of the Arab community in Palestine, 1945-1948 United Kingdom: Psychology Press, 1993. p. 149.
- ↑ The Demise of Iraqi Jewry, '"Mosaic, June 2, 2016.
- ↑ Australian radio explores issue of Jews from Arab lands, Jewish Refugees, July 21, 2019.
The Israel Connexion [64] is a weekly radio podcast by David Schulberg of Melbourne. Recently David recorded two interviews to illustrate the issue of Jews from Arab lands. Researching documents in the Arabic original, Dr Edy Cohen found evidence of a secret Arab Nazi party founded in Iraq by the Palestinian wartime Mufti. Lyn Julius is the author of the book Uprooted: how 3,000 years of Jewish civilisation in the Arab world vanished overnight'.- ↑ Assaf Gibor, "Iraqi historian: There is a direct link between Nazi influences and the crimes of the Farhud," Makor Rishon, May 2, 2019.
- ↑ Lynette Hacopian, 85-year-old Israeli testifies to Nazi-inspired pogrom that massacred Iraqi Jewry, ILH, March 3, 2021.
Interview, 'We Knew That If Hitler Won, There Would Be More To Come'Iraqi-born Daniel Sasson recounts firsthand how in the early 1940s, Hitler-emulating dictator Rashid Ali al-Gaylani sent Jews to ghettos and firing squads in the Middle East.
Holocaust narratives of European Jewry are well-documented, but far less is published about how Germany’s influence decimated Jewish communities in the Middle East during and after World War II.
Born Riad Izzat Al-Sassoon Mualem in Diwaniya, Iraq, Daniel Sasson says, “there is a need for this story to be known, with an emphasis on the connection between Nazi ghettos in Europe and the ghetto in Iraq.” The 85-year-old Sasson spoke to The Times of Israel from his home in the Tel Aviv suburb of Ramat Gan with the desire to shine light on the fading history of what he and countless other Iraqi Jews endured. Sasson also recently documented his experiences in a book titled “The Untold Story: The First and Last Ghetto in Iraq,” available in Hebrew. In it, he describes his childhood in Iraq and how an alliance between Hitler and Iraqi prime minister Rashid Ali al-Gaylani temporarily shifted the balance of power in the country.
Due to this alliance, Iraq subjected its roughly 150,000 Jews to German-imported anti-Semitism. The Jews were forced to live in a ghetto and eventually massacred in a Nazi-inspired pogrom called the Farhud.
While Iraq’s royal family supported the British, who earlier had maintained a mandate in Iraq, the ardently nationalist al-Gaylani instead aligned himself with the Axis powers, seeking to minimize British influence in his country even as the United Kingdom levied harsh economic sanctions in retaliation. The relationship between al-Gaylani and Hitler produced a ripple-effect of anti-Semitism which led to a 1941 pogrom called the Farhud, and the eventual exodus of the 2,500-year-old community — including Sasson’s own family, who fled to Israel.
His family was a prominent one, but far from sparing them the atrocities, this brought them all the closer when al-Gaylani gave orders for the establishment of a Jewish ghetto in Diwaniya, a small city 158 kilometers (98 miles) south of Baghdad.
‘An untold story’
Sasson’s grandfather’s house was a prime choice for the location of the ghetto. A mansion some 750 meters (2,460 feet) wide, it was the largest private home in Diwaniya. The mansion housed the city’s 600 Jews, plus another 70 who came from Baghdad and other cities, throughout the entire month of May in 1941. “I was five years old,” says Sasson, “but I remember everything like it was yesterday.” In 1937 Sasson’s father built a house in Diwaniya. The new mayor, a known anti-Semite by the name of Khalil Azmi, declared its construction illegal under bogus pretenses and bulldozed it to the ground. Not deterred, the family temporarily moved to Baghdad and Sasson’s father hired a top lawyer to sue the Diwaniya municipality. They won the case in 1941, and the government was forced to underwrite the home’s rebuilding. “After that event, we understood that there’s no future for us in Iraq,” says Sasson.
No sooner had the family returned to Diwaniya than they were greeted by a group of armed policemen. Fear gripped Sasson when the police recognized his father, who was a man of status. They stopped the family, grabbed them from the car, and “tossed them like sacks of flour” into the mansion owned by Sasson’s grandfather. Behavior of this kind towards a reputable man was highly unusual, says Sasson. There was police surveillance around the entire property, and eventually it became clear that it would serve as a prison for the town’s Jewish population.
Inside the Diwaniya ghetto
Sasson explains that creating a larger ghetto in the town would have inconvenienced the Muslim population living there, and so the al-Gaylani government instead placed all of the Jews under one roof and kept them under house arrest. “Inside the ghetto there were difficulties. There was hunger. The police were armed with spears when we arrived, and it was very hard, this month,” he says. The people lived off of a few olives one day, stale bread another day, slowly starving to death. Women were given space in the back rooms and the men were confined to the front. Communication between the two groups was restricted. All of the men were put to forced labor from 7 a.m. until 7 p.m., watering trees along the river.
A childhood friend of Sasson’s, Khaled Musa, was Jewish but bore an Arabic name. Musa was spared from the ghetto along with his mother when a Muslim family took the two of them in. “The river separated us, Khaled Musa’s family and ours. Opposite the balcony area from our home we could see their house. It was a matter of only 200 meters [656 feet], just the river between us and their house. Arab-Muslim neighbors hid Khaled Musa and his mother for one month, but his dad and uncles were thrown in the ghetto,” says Sasson. “And no one knew how long the ghetto was going to last.” Sasson’s grandfather, who had often acted as a judge and arbitrator between tribes in Diwaniya, discovered from the police that pro-Nazi prime minister al-Gaylani intended to create additional ghettos between Baghdad and Basra in the south. According to the police, this would be the first of many ghettos to come, an extension of Hitler’s aspirations for Jews outside of Europe.
The ghetto was divided into three sections. In the first and largest area were the men; in the middle area were women and children; and the final section served as a base of operations for the police stationed there. An army tank sat in the corner of the courtyard, conducting 24-hour surveillance. The police also stationed a patrol between the men’s and women’s camps, prohibiting any contact between the two groups. But Sasson, being a young child, was able to move between them with relative ease.
One day, Sasson saw a woman crying and asked how he could help. She wanted to send a message to her husband on the other side of the house, so Sasson offered to go as a messenger. Just as he was about to cross over to the men’s side, he was stopped by the police chief. “This is my house,” Sasson remembers saying. “You can’t tell me what to do. My mother is here and my father is there, and I want to be able to see them both.” And so the chief let him through. Sasson also recalls intense hunger, especially at night. The police didn’t allow the Jews into the kitchen to cook the sacks of potatoes lying in the corner, he says, so he ate them raw. Other children didn’t even fare that well, he says, and he often heard them crying out in hunger overnight. Being a mischievous child, Sasson says he would climb the walls to reach the rooftop terrace. He would see rooms full of children crying from hunger, unable to sleep. He went up to the roof most days and watched the men work, carrying pails of water to and from the nearby river. With each passing day, the people became weaker and sicker. The nights were all the same, with the continuous wailing of children echoing throughout the mansion.
Out of the frying pan and into the fire
The Jews’ release came suddenly and without warning. Sasson remembers being asleep one night and dreaming that Hitler had caught hold of him and was dragging him away. He woke up in a cold sweat and climbed up onto the roof to calm himself.
Looking out over the river, Sasson saw the fishermen drifting by in their boats, but something felt different. Looking around the compound, he realized that the round-the-clock security patrols were gone. He went downstairs to notify the men, and passing the place where the police would usually sit, he saw that they were gone, too.
The Jews would later learn that British troops had overrun the country and al-Gaylani had been deposed. At mid-morning on May 31, 1941, the entire group sang the Shema prayer in unison and walked out together, each to their own home. As the people exited, Sasson saw their faces — they looked worn, the men’s beards had grown, and their clothing didn’t fit the same. That same day, Sasson’s family decided to travel to their uncle’s house in the city of Shaamiya, 35 kilometers (22 miles) away. The following day, June 1, 1941, was the Jewish holiday of Shavuot. Sasson sat by the window to observe his new surroundings. Suddenly an ear-splitting shot rang out and Sasson’s uncle, who had been standing just feet from the window, crumpled to the ground, dead. Over 200 Jews were slaughtered in Iraq that day, with thousands more injured and raped. Their businesses were demolished, their property plundered, shops set on fire and ransacked. The attacking mob used whatever weapons they could get their hands on, also running people over with vehicles. Some Jews were sheltered by their Muslim neighbors, who put themselves at great risk. The event is considered a turning point for Jewish life in Iraq. The Farhud is one of the most traumatic events in the collective memory of Iraqi Jewry. Similar to the Kristallnacht pogroms in Germany and Austria in November of 1938, the Jews were hunted by attackers motivated by pro-Nazi ideology. The first incident of its kind to normalize Jewish persecution in Iraq, the Farhud was a turning point in the country’s Jewish history and a wakeup call for many who realized there was no future for them there.
After Sasson’s uncle was killed in Shaamiya, the family packed their bags and returned to Baghdad, where they lived for the next six years. His father set up a brick-making factory that employed several hundred people. Then, in 1951, Sasson and his brother left for Israel.- ↑ Ezra Morad, "The story that was not told", News1, 12/11/2018.
Bringing the ghetto story that has so far not been told in public is the first virtue of the book. After all, the Farhud pogrom of 1941 took place not only in Baghdad, but also in other cities. Milestones in the history of Iraqi Jewry. A surprising and renewed Daniel, who as a five-year-old boy, with the outbreak of the Rashid Ali al-Khilani uprising in Iraq in 1941, 670 of the city's Jews were concentrated in a closed ghetto. He testifies that in his adulthood he became interested in and tried to question his family members about the same trauma he experienced and so he writes: "Support for the Nazi government, which has already established an ideological base in Iraq, among circles and members of the government."
Bringing the ghetto story that has so far not been told in public is the first virtue of the book. After all, the Farhud pogrom of 1941 took place not only in Baghdad, but also in other cities, such as: Basrah, Diwaniya, Amara. And I also remember how the masses rioted and beat my father, the late Ezekiel Yeshayahu. The conclusion is that the Farhud pogrom took place not only in Baghdad, although its Jews suffered the most injuries and killing.
"The Untold Story" by Daniel Sasson, about the ghetto on the banks of the Euphrates River established in 1941.- ↑ O'Sullivan, Adrian. The Baghdad Set: Iraq Through the Eyes of British Intelligence, 1941–45. Germany: Springer International Publishing, 2019. 33.
Iraq's most prominent physician, Dr. Saib Shawkat, principal of the Royal Hospital, visited Germany in 1937, where he was presented with a full-dress Nazi uniform and engaged a German governess to educate his children. In January 1939, he became president of the Nadi al-Muthanna (Muthanna Club), a hotbed of Nazi intrigue.- ↑ mbih. "The Farhud (Farhoud). MIDRASH ben ish hai lecture". midrash.org.
- ↑ "The Iraq coup of Raschid Ali in 1941, the Mufti Husseini and the Farhud (Farhoud)". mideastweb.org.
- ↑ Matt Lebovic, Ignored by the UN, Mizrahi Jews survived pogroms and expulsions, too, TOI, Dec 1, 2021.
Ignored by the UN, Mizrahi Jews survived pogroms and expulsions, too. Persecution of Middle Eastern Jewry 'has been denied for a lengthy period,' according to historians advocating for 'more inclusive' Jewish memory...
Jews were an enduring presence in the Middle East and North Africa before the advent of Islam and Arabian conquests, yet today fewer than 4,000 Jews live in the region.- ↑ La Reforma, June 21, 1941.
Cables a Hitler y Mussolini A última hora y autorizado por diversas instituciones de nuestra colectividad en el país y numerosas compatriotas, nuestro Director ha enviado el cable que transcribimos más abajo a los jefes de gobierno de Alemania y Italia.
Con ésto se acrecienta la tenaz y franca labor nacionalista que ha venido desarrollando desde "La Reforma" su Director Don Jorge Sabaj Z.
Adolfo Hitler. Berlin, Alemania. y Benito Mussolini, Roma, Italia.
En nombre instituciones árabes Chile que repudiar ambiciones imperialistas Gran Bretaña condenamos nuevos atropellos derechos soberanía pueblos árabes.
Incrédulos recientes promesas británicas sobre futura autonomía pueblos árabes desmentidas por actitud favorable pretensiones sionistas Palestina invocamos espíritu justicia vuestra gran nación contribuir librarnos intrigas Inglaterra.
Sentimineno patriótico árabe, anhela libertad y derecho gobernarse independientemente solidarizando conclusiones Congreso Arabe realizado últimamente Buenos Aires.
Jorge SABAJ ZUROB director periódico árabe "La Reforma"- ↑ The American Jewish World, 15 August 1941 — Nazi Campaign on Russ Same as Jewish Attack
- ↑ Rafaela Goichman and Attila Shumpelby, "Rare documentation: The Muslims who fought with the Nazis," YNet, Apr 11, 2015.
During World War II, the Germans recruited units of local inhabitants in North Africa. Interview in the Ynet studio with the researcher who revealed a video that documented them saluting with raised handThe Nazis tried to recruit the Arabs in North Africa through propaganda. The intention was to declare the special units involved as a liberating force, to be the starting point of an Arab army that would liberate the Arab states," said Stefan Patka, a doctoral student and researcher at the Berlin University of Technology, who discovered rare documentation showing North African Muslim soldiers trained during World War II. and fought in the service of the Wehrmacht. The film documents the results of Muslim cooperation with the Nazis and with the French Vichy regime that ruled the region. The documentation includes instruction booklets for the use of German weapons and unit badges carried by Muslim soldiers that read "Free Arabian [Legion] Forces." [Freies Arabien].
"The Nazis began recruiting Arabs to the Wehrmacht as early as the summer of 1941 when the starting point was the coup in Iraq, after the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem was exiled to Iraq from Beirut and tried to establish pro - Nazi rule with Iraq's former prime minister, Rashid al-Khilani," explains Dr. Petka.- ↑ Tillmann, Heinz, Deutschlands Araberpolitik im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Germany: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1965. pp. 401-414.
- ↑ Rössel, Karl. "Unsere Opfer zählen nicht": die Dritte Welt im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Germany: Assoziation A, 2005. 200.
"...also the DAL, which now included 400 Palestinians and 800 Arabs from North Africa..."- ↑ Operation Barbarossa, ‘’Holocaust Encyclopedia’’.
June 22, 1941.Nazi Germany invades the Soviet Union in "Operation Barbarossa."
In accordance with previous agreements between SS and police and Wehrmacht representatives, German mobile units of Security Police and SD officials, called Einsatzgruppen, followed the frontline troops into the Soviet Union. RSHA chief Heydrich had tasked the Einsatzgruppen commanders with identifying, concentrating, and killing Jews, Soviet officials and other persons deemed potentially hostile to German rule in the east. Einsatzgruppen squads began to carry out mass shootings during the last week of June 1941.- ↑ 355.0 355.1 Prof. Dina Porat, Setting the Record Straight, Yad Vashem, 21 October 2015
- ↑ Carpi, Daniel. The Axis of Antisemitism. Canada: Dawn Publishing Company, 1985. pp. 6-7. Carpi, Daniel. The Mufti of Jerusalem: Amin El-Husseini, and His Diplomatic Activity During World War II, October 1941-July 1943. Israel: n.p., 1983. p.105.
The Mufti's First Visit to Rome
(October 11 - November 5 , 1941)
At the outbreak of World War II, the Mufti of Jerusalem was living in Beirut where he had found refuge after escaping from the British who had driven him out of the Old City of Jerusalem in October 1937.
The closer ties between Britain and France after the start of war and the coordination of intelligence operations between them, made his stay in Lebanon , then ruled by the French, unsafe. Therefore, on October 15, 1939, he fled to Baghdad and thence , after Rashid 'Ali el-Kilani's unsuccessful rebellion in May 1941, to Teheran, together with Kilani himself and about eighty others.
When Iran too became unsafe for Axis supporters, the Italians decided to send a special emissary, Mellini, to Teheran to maintain contact with the Mufti and to provide for his personal safety. On August 26, 1941, "as the Russian threat approached Tehran," Mellini , according to his own account, arrived at the Mufti's residence in the middle of the night, "a few minutes before the Iranian police surrounded his house," and took him to the Japanese Legation.
The Mufti found refuge there until the beginning of October when Mellini transferred him to the Italian Legation, with the authorization of Minister Luigi Petrucci, but without the knowledge of the other officials. There, he hid him away from prying eyes, "in a small room in the garden." The Mufti shaved off his beard, dyed his hair and left on October 8, 1941, carrying an Italian service passport, together with the rest of the staff of the Italian Legation. He passed through the Iranian and British checkpoints with no difficulty, and it was only when he arrived at the Turkish border that he aroused the suspicions of the Russian security men, mainly because of his new passport. They detained him for a few hours but finally released him. Amin el-Husseini reached Istanbul and then proceeded, via Bulgaria, to Italy.
On his arrival in Rome on October 11, he presented himself to his hosts, the Italian Military Intelligence, as the "head of the the secret organization, 'The Arab Nation,'" which, he claimed, had branches in every Arab country.
Two days later, on October 13, he presented a kind of working paper in which he detailed his plans and future ambitions. "The organization" that he led would be willing to cooperate with the Axis powers in their war against the common enemy, Britain, "on the sole condition that they recognize in principle the unity, independence and sovereignty of an Arab state of a Fascist nature, including Iraq, Syria, Palestine and Transjordan."
Should this condition be met, the Arabs would be quite willing to discuss all the political and military issues of interest to the Axis powers and to Italy in particular, such as "the Holy Places, Lebanon, the Suez Canal, Akaba." The Mufti's proposal was submitted to the Department for European and Mediterranean Affairs (AEM III) at the Foreign Ministry, which, on November 22, prepared a memorandum for the Prime Minister with the recommendation that the Mufti be given a positive response, that he be granted the initial sum of a million lira (then approximately equivalent to ten thousand pounds Sterling), and that he be escorted in his travels by a liaison officer – Mellini.
Mussolini read the memorandum, agreed with its contents and, on the basis of his agreement in principle, a meeting was arranged between the two men.- ↑ Video footage shows Grand Mufti of Jerusalem doing Nazi salute with Hitler, JPost, May 24, 2019.
The comments were widely slammed by the Jewish community, arguing that they misconstrued the historical facts by insinuating the Arab population in Palestine at the time were friendly to the Jewish immigrants who had survived the Holocaust.- ↑ 358.0 358.1 Allan Hall, "'Hitler's holocaust plan for Jews in Palestine stopped by Desert Rats', The Independent, April 1, 2009.
- ↑ 359.0 359.1 359.2 359.3 Sam Roberts, Declassified Papers Show U.S. Recruited Ex-Nazis, The New York Times, Dec. 11, 2010.
In chilling detail, the report also elaborates on the close working relationship between Nazi leaders and the grand mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, who later claimed that he sought refuge in wartime Germany only to avoid arrest by the British.
In fact, the report says, the Muslim leader was paid "an absolute fortune" of 50,000 marks a month (when a German field marshal was making 25,000 marks a year). It also said he energetically recruited Muslims for the SS, the Nazi Party’s elite military command, and was promised that he would be installed as the leader of Palestine after German troops drove out the British and exterminated more than 350,000 Jews there.
On Nov. 28, 1941, the authors say, Hitler told Mr. Husseini that the Afrika Corps and German troops deployed from the Caucasus region would liberate Arabs in the Middle East and that "Germany’s only objective there would be the destruction of the Jews." The report details how Mr. Husseini himself was allowed to flee after the war to Syria — he was in the custody of the French, who did not want to alienate Middle East regimes — and how high-ranking Nazis escaped from Germany to become advisers to anti-Israeli Arab leaders and "were able to carry on and transmit to others Nazi racial-ideological anti-Semitism."
"You have an actual contract between officials of the Nazi Foreign Ministry with Arab leaders, including Husseini, extending after the war because they saw a cause they believed in," Dr. Breitman said. “And after the war, you have real Nazi war criminals — Wilhelm Beisner, Franz Rademacher and Alois Brunner — who were quite influential in Arab countries."
In October 1945, the report says, the British head of Palestine's Criminal Investigation Division told the assistant American military attaché in Cairo that the mufti might be the only force able to unite the Palestine Arabs and "cool off the Zionists. Of course, we can’t do it, but it might not be such a damn bad idea at that."
"We have more detailed scholarly accounts today of Husseini’s wartime activities, but Husseini’s C.I.A. file indicates that wartime Allied intelligence organizations gathered a healthy portion of this incriminating evidence," the report says. "This evidence is significant in light of Husseini’s lenient postwar treatment." He died in Beirut in 1974.
The report, "Hitler’s Shadow: Nazi War Criminals, U.S. Intelligence and the Cold War," grew out of an interagency group created by Congress to identify, declassify and release federal records on Nazi war crimes and on Allied efforts to hold war criminals accountable. It is drawn from a sampling of 1,100 C.I.A files and 1.2 million Army counterintelligence files that were not declassified until after the group issued its final report in 2007.- ↑ Bare Hitler-Mufti Wires, The New York Times, Sept. 25, 1945.
Amer Z. Emergency Council spokesman reveals that Husseine secretly corresponded with Hitler; opposes Arab campaign to free Husseine...- ↑ Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945, from the Archives of the German Foreign Ministry. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949. 881-5. (No. 515). qtd in: Full official record: What the mufti said to Hitler, TOI Staff, 21 October 2015.; Holocaust: The Mufti’s Conversation with Hitler (November 28, 1941), JVL.
- ↑ "MUFTI IN BERLIN FOR STAY; Nazis Receive 'Great Man' With 'Warmth' -- Silent on Plans." By Telephone To the New York Times. Nov. 7, 1941.
- ↑ Grand Mufti Husseini Asked Hitler to Help with Arab 'final Solution', JTA, July 23, 1991
- ↑ 364.0 364.1 Haviv Kanaan, Haretz newspaper, March 2, 1970, p. 16. [65]. [66]. [67].
[68]The Mufti planned crematoriums for Jews in the Dotan Valley On the anniversary of the Balfour Declaration on November 2, 1943, "His Holiness(sic)" organized a mass protest rally in Berlin with the participation of Muslim and Arab exiles from Morocco, Israel, Lebanon, Yemen, Mahjaz, India and Iran. Thousands of SS representatives from government ministries and branches of the Nazi party also took part in this rally, which was held in the Luftwaffe Hall and was broadcast on Radio Berlin, Athens and Belgrade. The Mufti was the keynote speaker and he said, among other things: "The Treaty of Versailles was a disaster for both the Germans and the Arabs. But the Germans know how to get rid of the Jews, and the reason that brings us so close to Germany, and places us in their camp, is that the Germans never harmed any Muslim. And they are once again fighting our common enemy, which has persecuted Arabs and Muslims. But above all they completely solved the Jewish problem. Oh Arabs! You never fought the Jews without that they will not lose. Time works against them, even when the Allies help them. I am happy to announce this historic day I received a telegram from the German Foreign Ministry declaring its recognition of the complete independence of the Arab states and the abolition of the Jewish national home." This telegram was signed by von Ribbentrop. The assembly also read a telegram from SS leader Heinrich Himmler to the Mufti: "The National Socialist Party has engraved on its banner the slogan of the extermination of world Jewry. Our party supports the Arab war and especially the Palestinian Arabs on foreign Jews. Success in your war." In 1968, 25 years after these declarations of the unclean alliance, an old Arab nobleman, who had previously been a direct friend to me, revealed to me at his home in Jericho that in that year the British authorities in Israel received information about the exemplary preparations for the entry of Rommel and North German armies. Russia to the Holy Land. "A chill runs through my body," said Faiz Bey Idrisi, a senior Arab officer in the Mandate Police and commander of the Jerusalem District Village District. "I remember what was said in the police circles and among the Mufti's supporters in those months in case of the German occupation of the country. Haj Amin was about to enter Jerusalem at the head of his aides and soldiers of the Arab Legion, organized within the German army.
His big plan was to build huge crematoria in the Dotan Valley near Nablus, such as Auschwitz, to which they were to be brought. "The Jews of Israel ('Palestine'), as well as the Jews of Iraq, Egypt, Yemen, Syria, Lebanon and even North Africa, are being brought in to be exterminated by the SS in the extermination camps in Europe." I have thoroughly researched this topic on several trips to Germany. I met Germans, who were in the Mufti's entourage during the war years, but they all filled their mouths with water. "We do not know about it," they said. Only an old German diplomat, who during the Third Reich had the courage to refuse to join the Nazi party, told me: "I can not say for sure what was expected of the Jews of the Land of Israel, but I knew that their fate must have been bitter and terrible." Even when the British victory at Al-Alamein and the Western Allies landed forces on the coast of North Africa, and Haj Amin felt that the plans for the crematoria had faded, he continued to shout from Berlin to his brother: "O Arabs, stand up as one man and fight for your sacred rights. It causes pleasure to Allah. It saves our honor. Allah is with you."Women of the "Upper(sic) Race" Around His "Holiness(sic)" Meanwhile the devil in the black cloak continued to amass money in Germany and sought solace in the arms of the upper race. This fact was revealed when I asked Dr. Fritz Grobba, who was the German ambassador to Iraq, if there was a Haj Amin during his years of residence in Germany and family life, if his wife was with him. Gromba: "No. He lived here alone, but of course we made sure he did not feel lonely. Very young and beautiful German women served as his hosts. "Was he related to one woman in particular in those years? No. They would take turns to diversify the difficult life of the "great" exiled. Each of these two bodies: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the SS constantly tried to pull him by their side, each constantly making sure to remind Haj Amin that his political status depended only on her.
Received 80 thousand marks a month Grobba: "Ribbentrop and Himmler competed with each other in supplying money to Haj Amin. I would pay him 40,000 marks (more than $ 10,000) each month; a similar amount would be paid to him by Himmler for the maintenance of the Muslim priesthood in Dresden. The Mufti saw himself as a spiritual father in the school (Madrassa) which is under the direction of Professor Idris from Saudi Arabia." Himmler sought to train young Muslim shepherds in this institution for their tenure in the Muslim-populated territories, which would fall to Germany. In particular, the head of the SS dreamed of establishing independent Turkestan under the auspices of the Third Reich on the occupied territory of the Soviet Union.
Lust for Money In fact for all the years of his public career, the Mufti showed a lust for money, and always knew how to pour huge sums into his pockets. In the 1920s and 1930s, he was paid an annual salary of 1440 pounds of Palestine by the British, and the other half came from the Waqf fund. His salary was the highest, reached by a non-British official in the service of the Mandatory government. In addition to his control over the vast property of Muslim endowments, Haj Amin used to declare from time to time collections in the Muslim world: these collections were supposedly intended for the repair of the ... mosques in Jerusalem. From time to time he would go on tours in Muslim countries, the Near East and Southeast Asia, collecting very large sums in them, but never being held accountable for the use of these funds. It is true that some of this money was used by the Mufti to ignite in 1936 the revolt of the Palestinian Arabs against the British and the Jews. But when they sided with him at the end of the first phase of the uprising (autumn 1936), Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany, his coffers enjoyed a fascist-Nazi grant of 60,000 Israeli pounds. The Mufti was imposing "rebellion taxes" on the inhabitants of the country: On the rich, peasants and the middle class. However, he refused to support the widows and orphans of his warriors, and bitter was the plight of these bereaved families, who were left without means. When he fled Jerusalem in the fall of 1937 and settled in Lebanon, he could afford a prince's life in the fancy resort places. When he arrived in Baghdad in 1939, he made sure that the Iraqi parliament decided to allocate 20,000 pounds to finance his needs; almost all of that money went into his pocket.
"I suppose, feeling that the collapse of the Reich was approaching, Haj Amin transferred large sums of money to Swiss banks. This assumption can be reinforced by the fact that before the end of the war he tried to find refuge in Switzerland, but was caught on his way to the Swiss border by the French."- ↑ 'They want to preserve the honor of the dead, also of the other side.' Nir Hasson, Haaretz, 02 June 2012. [69].
The geographer Yehuda Ziv investigated and revealed the true story of Mount Pilots, and cleared the Arab residents of the nearby village of the guilt that stuck to them. Now he works to protect their cemetery.Three months after the crash... a delegation of Palmach personnel arrived at the scene led by Isser Halamish, the patrol officer of the 6th Battalion in the brigade and Ziv's commander, and Shraga Yanovsky of the Air Force. The delegation was also joined by Binyamin Sheinboim, the father of Yariv Sheinboim, one of the pilots who were killed. They were looking for information that would help them trace the fate of the pilots. The delegation first arrived at the agricultural school located in Eitanim, now a hospital, where they arrested the director of the hospital, Ahmed Khaladi, the last one left in the place Halamish promised Khaladi that he would be released in exchange for information about the fate of the pilots.
Khaladi directed them to the Al-Elyan family, who were already staying in Abu Ghosh. Before his release, Haladi had time to give Halamish a gift to strengthen the deal. "He went to the barn at the school and pulled out a rifle, it was the rifle that Haj Amin Al Husseini received from Hitler," says Ziv. The rifle, with a swastika on it, is today housed in the IDF Museum in Tel Aviv. The members of the delegation located the family members and with their help the bodies were finally brought to a mass grave in the military cemetery in Kiryat Anavim.- ↑ 366.0 366.1 Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ..., Volume 107, Part 24, United States Congress 1961, p.5735.
Warmongering in the U.N. Extension of Remarks Of Hon. Lester Holtzman Of New York. In the House of Representatives. Wednesday, July 26, 1961... Shukairy joined the Arab Higher Committee which was also headed by the ex Mufti. Shukairy got his start in politics in the early 1930s when he belonged to a group of fanatical extremists led by the ex-Mufti. This gang cooperated with the Communists and prior to the Hitler-Stalin Pact sought in every possible way to sabotage the Allied war effort against the Nazis in the Middle East. However, when Soviet Russia joined the Allies, Shukairy's group split with the Communists, and went all out for Hitler.- ↑ Ahora, Issue 95; Issue 101; Issue 119; Issue 124; Issue 133; Issue 136; Issue 143; Issue 162; Issue 186 - Publicaciones !Ahora!, 1967. p.9
'[Las Noticias Tras Bastidores]
RAU árabes daves confrontan crisis
La guerra o la paz en el Medio Este puede depender en gran parte de éstos dos árabes: El Presidente Nasser, de la República Árabe Unida, y de Ahmad Shukairy, quien no encabeza a ningún país pero... dirigir a una fuerza de guerilla... Shukairy cooperó con el Partido Comunista de Palestina, dirigido por Moscú antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Sin embargo, después que Hitler atacó a Rusia y a los comunistas en todo el mundo cambió posiciones, el feroz e impredecible Shukairy se alineo con Hitler por sus programas contra los judios.' [Translated: War or peace in the Middle East may depend largely on these two Arabs: President Nasser of the United Arab Republic and Ahmad Shukairy, who does not lead any country but... (can) lead a guerilla force...
Shukairy cooperated with the Palestinian Communist Party, led by Moscow ahead of the Second World War. However, after Hitler attacked Russia and communists around the world changed positions, the fierce and unpredictable Shukairy aligned himself with Hitler for his anti-Jewish programs.- ↑ 'al-Quds al-Sharif,' 1992.
- ↑ Rubenstein, Richard L.. Jihad and Genocide. Ukraine: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2010, p.121.
- ↑ Lipstadt, Deborah E.. Holocaust: An American Understanding. United Kingdom: Rutgers University Press, 2016,p. 77.
- ↑ Gilbert, Martin. Israel: A History. Germany: RosettaBooks, 2014.[70].
- ↑ Stein, Leslie. The Making of Modern Israel: 1948-1967. Germany: Polity Press, 2013. [71].
- ↑ Sachar, Howard M.. A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time. United States: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2013.. [72].
- ↑ "Muslim Anti-Semitism: Historical Background." Breitman, Richard. Current Psychology: Research and Reviews; New York Vol. 26, Iss. 3-4, (Dec 2007): 213-222. DOI:10.1007/s12144-007-9015-5 [73]
- ↑ 375.0 375.1 375.2 Shelomo Alfassa, "Nazi Hatred Survives in the Arab World", INN, March 4, 2007.
The Nazi influence in Arab reaction to Israel.The virulent hatred that resonates today throughout the modern world, that ever-agonizing disgust felt for the Jewish people, is not an old-time Arab feeling toward the Jews. This hatred is a result of the Nazi influence, which never died. Although the Allies destroyed the Third Reich, what has lived on is the Nazi spirit. This spirit of hatred festered through the relationship between Amin Al-Husseini, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and Hitler.
The Mufti's radio broadcasts were some of the most violent pro-Axis broadcasts ever produced. He had at least six stations - Berlin, Zeissen, Bari, Rome, Tokyo and Athens. He used these radio broadcasts to tell Muslims across the world to commit acts of sabotage and kill the Jews.- ↑ Küntzel, "Islamic Antisemitism," 46; Stephen H. Norwood, "Antisemitism and the American Far Left," (Cambridge University Press, 2013), p.121.
- ↑ Ex-Mufti, Criminal Ally - State Dept. Conceals Promised White Paper Book; Uses Whitewash Instead, New York Post, Feb 23, 1948.
By OBSERVEROn Mar. 19, 1942, the ex-Mufti of Jerusalem spoke to the Arab world by Rome radio and said: "If, God forbid, America and her allies are victorious in this war . . . then the world will become hell, God forbid. But Allah is too just and merciful to grant such murderous violators any victory."- ↑ Hitler Presents Confiscated Jewish Villa in Berlin to Ex-mufti of Jerusalem, JTA, January 2, 1942. [74].
The German press reaching here today reports that Hitler has ordered that one of the confiscated Jewish villas in a fashionable Berlin suburb be assigned to the ex-Mufti of Jerusalem as a permanent residence. The ex-Mufti is to make his home in the villa "for the duration of the war," the Voelkischer Beobechter states. A number of Arabs residing in Germany have been assigned by the Nazi Ministry of Propaganda to act as staff members to the ex-Mufti in his pro-Nazi propaganda broadcasts over the German radio to Arab countries. An Arab doctor, Abu Ganima, has been assigned to the ex-Mufti to attend to his health which is reported to be much impaired ever since he made his flight from the British in Iraq.
The German radio reported last night that the ex-Mufti received in his home in Berlin a number of Japanese correspondents whom he informed of his activities aimed at provoking an Arab revolt "against the British and the Jews."- ↑ Cohen, Aharon. Israel and the Arab World. Israel: Sifriat Po'alim, 1964. pp. 261-2.
The increase in employment and the economic tide that was marked by the war as well as the return of Arab-Jewish relations to their previous course, in which, as we know, there were many elements of economic contact and even friendly contacts worked to calm the spirits and heal the wounds. Although, from a political point of view there was great sympathy among the Arabs for the "Axis" powers, the whip of rage for the hated Britain and France. The call for a war effort against the "Axis" did not find any echo in the Arab public. The members of the "Fifth Column" found fertile ground in it for their propaganda. There was a lot of sympathetic listening to the radio broadcasts of the "Axis" and in particular to the speeches of Hajj Amin al-Husseini and his assistants from among the Arab businessmen living in Germany. Here and there anti-British proclamations were distributed, among them proclamations against the recruitment into military units under the command of British officers.
At the beginning of the war, there were also certain sabotage attempts, and according to the enemy's broadcasts, it was evident that the news service from the country for the espionage service and the propaganda of the "Axis" were working correctly. Quite a few among the Arabs understood the lies and demagoguery of the "Axis" propaganda, and the fate of the Arabs in Libya under the rule of Fascist Italy served as an exemplary lesson...- ↑ Jacques Cory, Masada lesson on the Carmel, News1, 11/01/2022.
In Mordechai Naor's book, he describes how the Arabs roamed the Jewish neighborhoods that year, dividing the houses of the Jews they were murderers into, and which of them would get their wives raped and then murdered in cold or hot blood. Today I heard an excellent lecture by Idit Perry, a lecturer on the Holocaust, which reads: "Masada on the Carmel." I wonder how events that happened right on the site of our house and nearby houses and were commemorated in the garden and a monument near the house, were not clear to me, or at least not in the detail that Idit Perry brought. During the 200 days of dread in 1942 from April to November, the Jewish community in Israel feared that the Germans would defeat the British and invade Israel. It turns out that there were two schools, all according to Idit Perry, one of Ben-Gurion and the leadership of the settlement who believed that if the Nazis won, half a million Jews, along with thousands of Britons, would be evacuated to India and the colonies. There was only a small problem - the British did not even dream of evacuating the Jews and intended to leave them to their fate. They did not even bomb Auschwitz, so why invest millions to save Jews? Edith Perry also told us in her lecture on Kasztner that the British outright rejected Eichmann's offer of thousands of trucks in exchange for a million Hungarian Jews, because they said 'what will be done with the million Jews', they closed the gates of Israel before the war. The Jewish community felt threatened from the outbreak of the war, both because of the bombing of Haifa and Tel Aviv, also because of the Nazi fortification in Syria and Lebanon which were French colonies that came under Nazi rule from mid-1940 to mid-1941, when the British occupied them, with the help of the Palmach. ...) with Yigal Alon and Moshe Dayan, who lost his eye there. But the peak of anxiety was in mid-1942 when it was feared that Rommel's forces would break out of El Alamein into Cairo, the canal and Israel. Compared to this "pragmatic" school, there was another school of Tabenkin and the activists (moderate hawks) who also founded the Palmach at that time, to fortify the Galilee, "Masada on the Carmel", right where my house is now in the Danya neighborhood, and to hold out as partisans in the Carmel Mountains and the Galilee against the Germans, or to the bitter end as Masada fighters two thousand years earlier, or as ghetto fighters. Here is an overwhelming majority, who were with Hitler and the Nazis, led by Mufti Haj Amin al-Husseini, who lived in Berlin and was a personal friend of Hitler (how an Aryan like him socialized with my name as Mufti I really do not understand). What I also do not understand is why the Arabs were with the Germans, Not only in the land of Israel but also in Iraq (with the revolt that broke out there) and even in Egypt.
Empathy for their fate If the British were completely on the side of the Arabs, why did the Arabs support the Nazis? Perhaps because there was a binding agreement with Hitler that if the Nazis conquered Israel they would annihilate all the Jews together, which the Arabs wanted most of all. It would also make their candy industry prosperous, because imagine - if today they distribute hundreds of candies to every Jew killed by a terrorist, tens of millions of candies would be distributed if the entire settlement of half a million Jews were destroyed here. Not to mention the prosperity of the soap industry, as the Nazis did from the fat murdered in the crematoria, and the business cycle of their Alte Zachen ["old things"] men, who would market the victims' thousands of glasses, shoes and used clothes. Idit Perry said that in Mordechai Naor's book he describes how the Arabs roamed the Jewish neighborhoods that year, dividing the houses of the Jews they were murdering and which of them would get their wives raped and then murdered in cold or hot blood. I have no idea what is taught today in homeland classes - whether about the Nakba and the property in order to identify with the pain of the defeated and the refugees, the songs of Mahmoud Darwish the man who wants to eat our guts and throw us to hell, or Masada about the Carmel and how the Arabs cooperated with the Nazis and that they caused the War of Independence and the six days intended to annihilate and murder the entire Jewish settlement. History must not be rewritten in order to be politically correct... hatred .. must also not be encouraged. Reality should be described as its being. Just as no one will demand that the children of Israel empathize with the fate of the Nazis (including Hitler and his new wife and the Goebbels family for suicide who committed suicide in Hitler's bunker) and not even with the fate of the hundreds of thousands of civilian victims killed in the Berlin and Dresden bombings, the poor Germans who were expelled from the Sudetenland in the Czech Republic, from Danzig in Poland and from Königsberg in Russia, so too, our children should not be asked to empathize with the Nakba and its property and the fate of the Palestinian refugees. There is no need to gloat on pains, but there is also no need to hold rallies, but together with them on the eve of Remembrance Day and to give moral speeches that our homes in Israel will not be complete until we build a home for the destroyers of our homes, to Thousands will be killed and tens of thousands of rockets will be fired at us to destroy the country...
We must preserve the memory of the Holocaust, the memory of Masada on the Carmel, the truth about the Israeli wars, if we love life!- ↑ 381.0 381.1 The Jewish Connection. N.p.: Graystone Enterprises LLC, 2013. [75].
- ↑ Reinharz, Jehuda, Golani, Motti, Shochat, Manya Wilbushewitz, Reinharz Shulamit. With the flow and against it: letters and documents 1960-1906. Israel: Yad Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, 2005. 478-9.
To Rose Jacobs May 7, 1942
Dear Mrs. Jacobs, the reason why I did not write to you sooner was that I first wanted to find out for sure what can and cannot be done regarding Arab-Jewish relations in Palestine itself at the present time.
I also wanted to wait until the Histadrut convention in order to see what will be decided there. In the meantime, I consulted with all my Jewish friends who have been in contact with Arabs for many years, and with all my Arab friends. The rest of the letter summarizes what I have to say on the subject after I re-examined the situation after returning to Palestine.
The vast majority of Arabs in Palestine and throughout the Middle East believe that Hitler will conquer the whole world. The current Arab leaders, who all support Hitler, believe he will win because they want him to win. The Arab masses also believe that Hitler is the most powerful force in the entire world, and therefore he is obliged to come out with the upper hand. However, there are a number of Arab intellectuals, merchants, workers, and farmers who are not sure of Hitler's victory, and therefore try to imagine what the situation of Palestine and the Arabs would be in the event of a British victory. Under the existing conditions, it is not possible to reach an understanding with the Arab leaders before the defeat of Hitler.
The Arabs who do not share the views of their leaders lack any power or influence, and therefore lack any authority to sign any agreement on behalf of anyone. Because of this there have never been such suitable conditions for developing honest personal relations with the Arabs and bringing about social, cultural and economic cooperation with them in order to achieve our goals at the end of the war, we must act now according to the following lines:
A. Make every possible effort to reach rapprochement in the fields of culture, society and economy with both rural and urban Arabs.
B. To try to organize meetings and discussions with some of those few Arabs who are perhaps able to take the place of leadership of their people after the fall of Hitler, and who are now interested in reaching an informal understanding with the Jews on the subject of the future political relations of the two peoples...- ↑ Maasuah Institute, Israel: Massuah, 1976. p. 143.
Haviv Kanaan, "The Jewish Yishuv in Israel during World War II."The relations of Hitler and Haj Amin determine the trends on Arab Street.
Worst of all were the news about what was happening on Arab Street. Although the Land of Israel was a hinterland and lived in relative peace, the Arab street did not hide its admiration for Hitler and the Third Reich. Hitler was portrayed in the minds of the Arabs as the greatest friend of the Arab nation. They admired him for his hatred of the Jews and for the fact that he despised them and decided to exterminate them from the face of the earth. Hitler symbolized bravery and wisdom, leadership ability and certain victory. That is why the Arabs openly mocked British soldiers, analyzed gloating the difficult situation of the empire, worshiped Haj Amin al-Husseini who lived a life of luxury and comfort in Germany surrounded by young German hostesses, receiving 10,000 marks every month from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and a similar amount from the S. S. The Arabs of Palestine were sure that Hitler and Mussolini would be willing to grant them independence and abolish the Jewish National Home... Arab spy networks were operating in the Land of Israel with full vigor and it was difficult for the police to lay a hand on them. Rommel became a legend in the Arab street after defeating the generals Sir Archibald Wavell and Sir Richard O'Connor who penetrated 500 miles deep into Italian Libya, subdued four armies...
Tons of leaflets and propaganda material in Arabic were smuggled from the center in Berlin, headed by Haj Amin Al Husseini, to all Arab countries as well as to the Land of Israel. About 30% of the Arab recruits for the British army deserted from the service or surrendered to German captivity during the battles in the Western Desert; Many of these prisoners asked to be included in the "Arab Legion" established by the mufti as part of the Axis armies. In the Land of Israel, some of these Arab defectors organized themselves into robber gangs that were scattered over the land and engaged in looting military equipment in order to prepare an Arab force that would emerge from hiding when Rommel's army entered the Land of Israel.
The Mufti acted in Germany on the basis of a promise given to him by Hitler back in November 1941, that one of the goals of his war was a campaign against the Jews and the Jewish National Home in the Land of Israel, while finding a solution to the "Jewish problem"... He also stated that the mufti would be the master of the entire Arab world and the man who would guide the Arab power. Italy also committed to the mufti in a letter from Foreign Minister Count Tsiano to provide the Arab countries with all assistance in their war of liberation, to recognize their sovereignty and independence, to agree to a federation, if the interested parties so desire, and to abolish the Jewish National Home.- ↑ 384.0 384.1 Khalil Sakakini, his diary on July 27, 1942. Benny Morris, War on History, Jewish Review of Books, Spring 2020. Morris, Benny. 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War. United States: Yale University Press, 2008. p.21
- ↑ Kanaan, Haviv. 200 Anxious Days: Eretz Israel Opposite Rommel's Army [Matayim yeme haradah: Erets-Yisrael mul tseva Romel]. Israel: Mol-art, 1973. p. 120.
- ↑ The Sydney Jewish News, 23 November 1945. [https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/sydneyjn/1945/11/23/01/article/26]
Exchange of Telegrams Between Hitler and Mufti Estimated
AMIN EL HUSSEINI PLEDGED ARAB SUPPORT TO AXIS
NEW YORK.—An exchange of telegrams between Adolf Hitler and the notorious ex-Mufti of Jerusalem, Amin el Husseini, discovered among the secret correspondence of the Feuhrer, was disclosed, recently by the American Zionist Emergency Council The ex-Mufti’s telegram, sent at the time when Field-Marshal Rommel’s victories threatened the entire Middle East, congratulated Hitler "on the occasion of the Axis victory in North Africa,” and declared that "the Arab people will further continue to fight on your side against the common enemy up to ultimate victory."
Hitler’s message of thanks was transmitted to Amin el Husseini by German Staatsminister Dr. Meissner, and reads as follows: "The Fuehrer ordered me to transmit to your Eminence his heartiest thanks for your friendlv congratulations, of which the Fuehrer took notice with satisfaction." The exchange of telegrams was found in Germany filed under the heading, "Volume 13, Letters and Telegrams from Foreign Heads of State." Amin el Husseini’s telegram to Hitler, dated July 2, 1942, reads:— "Allow me, Fuehrer, to express to you the sincere joy of the Arabian people, and my best wishes on the occasion of the Axis victory in North Africa. These successes were crowned by the solemn declarations of the German and Italian Governments, in which the sovereignty and independence of Egypt were recognised and assured. These wise policies of the Axis Powers, which guided the German Italian armies from victory to victory, will produce a very good echo not only in Egypt, but also in all the other Arab lands and in the entire Orient, for they offer the best proof of the noble aims of the Axis Governments and assure the other Arab lands of their liberty and independence. The Arab people will further continue to fight on your side against the common enemy up to ultimate victory." In releasing the text of the ex Mufti’s telegram, the American Zionist Emergency Council stated: This revelation is most timely, in view of the Arab campaign of pres sure aiming at the release of the ex-Mufti from his present detention in France, where he is under house arrest. Spokesmen of the Arab League in Cairo, as well as of the nationalistic Arab groups in Palestine, have recently re peatedly demanded that Amin el Husseini be exonerated of any responsibility for his anti-Allied activities during the war, and that he be allowed to return to Palestine, presumably to resume his violent anti-British, anti-Jewish and anti-democatic activities.
Amin el Husseini was placed on the list of war criminals by the Yugoslav Government, for in addition to his well-remembered pro Axis actions in Palestine and Iraq, he was also the organiser of the Wehrmacht's Moslem Divisions in the Balkans.- ↑ Herf, Jeffrey. Israel's Moment: International Support for and Opposition to Establishing the Jewish State, 1945–1949. United Kindom: Cambridge University Press, 2022. 44.
- ↑ ha-Arets – הארץ, 23 November 1942.
Jerusalem notebook.Gershon Swett [Swet]
A new association is currently being established in Jerusalem, with the main goal, to preserve the ancient monuments within and around the city. Initiator of the Association — A young student of the Department of Archeology at the Hebrew University, b. Kennel. For the time being, several Jerusalem public activists and some scholars have joined the association. Accompanied by Mr. K. These days I toured around the Old City, in the Kidron Valley, Yad Avshalom [Absalom's Tomb], Zechariah's Tomb, Beit Hezir tombs, the City of David and more. . . Here: Jehoshaphat Cave, with 8 halls. On its walls I found several swastikas, which visitors from our enemy camp engraved here ... פנקס ירושלמי גרשון סוואט בימים אלה נוסדה בירושלים אגודה חדשה, שמטרתה העיקרית. היא לשמור על המונומאנטים העתיקים בתוך העיר ובסביבתה. יוזם האגודה—צעיר, תלמיד המחלקה לארכיאולוגיה של האוניברסיטה העברית, ב. קנל. לפי שעה הצטרפו אל האגודה כמה עסקני־צבור ירושלמיים וגם כמה מלומדים. בלווית מר ק. סיירתי בימים אלה בסביבת עיר העתיקה, בנחל קדרון, על־יד אבשלום, קבר זכריה, קברי בית חזיר, בעיר דוד ועוד. . . הנה: מערת יהושפט, ובה 8 אולמים. על קירותיה מצאתי כמה וכמה צלבי קרס, שמבקרים ממחנה שונאינו חרתו כאן...
HaMashkif – המשקיף, 26 November 1942
במספריים על פני העתונות חילול זכרונות־העבר! מר ג. סווט, שסייר בימים אלה בעיר העתיקה ובסביבתה פרסם ב"הארץ" מיום ב' רשימה רבת־ענין על ההזנחה הפושעת של עתיקות־ירושלים ועל יחס הזלזול אליהן. הננו מעתיקים רשימה זו בהשמטות קלות: ...הנה מערת יהושפט ובה 8 אולמים. על קירותיה מצאתי כמה וכמה צלבי קרס, שמבקרים ממחנה שונאינו חרתו כאן...
With scissors Across the press Desecration of past memories! Mr. G. Swett, who is currently touring the Old City and its surroundings, published in Haaretz from Monday a very interesting list about the nefarious neglect of Jerusalem antiquities and the treatment of contempt for them. We copy this list with slight omissions:
... Here is the Cave of Jehoshaphat with 8 halls. On its walls I found several swastikas, which visitors from our enemy camp engraved here...- ↑ Yad Vashem: Research file. Vols. 35-36, 2007, p.111.
- ↑ Letter and special report, Chef der Sicherheitspolizei to Reichsführer SS, 21 Dec. 1942, BArch,. NS 19/186.
- ↑ Aboul-Enein, Youssef. The Secret War for the Middle East: The Influence of Axis and Allied Intelligence Operations During World War II. United States: Naval Institute Press, 2013. [76]
- ↑ Bat Ye'or, "Islam and Dhimmitude...", (Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 2002), p. 294
- ↑ Heinz Tillmann, "Deutschlands Araberpolitik im Zweiten Weltkrieg," Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1965, p. 401.
In der DAL befanden sich 24 Iraker, 112 Syrer und Palästinenser sowie 107 nordwestafrikanische Araber.
[There were 24 Iraqis, 112 Syrians and Palestinians and 107 Northwest African Arabs in the DAL.]
- ↑ Michael J Cohen, "Britain's Moment in Palestine: Retrospect and Perspectives, 1917-1948," Taylor & Francis, 2014, p. 422
- ↑ 395.0 395.1 Hadassah Brenner, Grand Mufti, leaders in photo with Nazi officials at concentration camp, JPost, Apr 8, 2021
- ↑ 396.0 396.1 Sean Durns, "When Hitler’s Mufti Gave a Press Conference," Algemeiner, Aug 9, 2021.
Husseini's press conference was replete with lies. Husseini was well aware of Hitler’s plans for European Jewry. Indeed, he hoped to replicate them in the Middle East. In his own memoirs, the Mufti recorded [77] a November 28, 1941, meeting with Hitler: “Our fundamental condition for cooperating with Germany was a free hand to eradicate every last Jew from Palestine and the Arab world. I asked Hitler for an explicit undertaking to allow us to solve the Jewish problem in a manner befitting our national and racial aspirations and according to the scientific methods innovated by Germany in the handling of its Jews.” “The answer I got was: ‘The Jews are yours.’”
Many apologists, journalists, and academics spent decades denying that Husseini visited concentration camps, but in 2017, conclusive photographic evidence emerged showing Husseini touring the Trebbin camp near Berlin.- ↑ Sarah Honig, Another Tack: The unbroken link, Part I. 'The Jews are yours'!, The Jerusalem Post, Jan 4, 2007.
It serves Islamo-fascist purposes to claim Arabs were blameless bystanders during the Holocaust-that-maybe-never-was.- ↑ Fischel, Jack R. Historical Dictionary of the Holocaust. United States: Rowman & Littlefield, 2020. 159.
- ↑ 399.0 399.1 Hajj Amin al-Husayni: Wartime Propagandist | Holocaust Encyclopedia.
Upon request, the Reich Central Office for Security hosted members of the entourage of al-Husayni and al-Kailani for an elaborate, but insubstantial tour of the Oranienburg concentration camp in early July 1942. The commandant lectured the Arabs on the "educational" value of the camp experience for the prisoners; the visitors inspected household appliances and equipment made by the prisoners. While there, the Arabs expressed interest in Jewish prisoners.
Al-Husayni's first significant contacts with the SS as an institution developed in the spring of 1943. Prior to this time, his major institutional contacts in Germany were with the Foreign Office and the Abwehr. On March 24, 1943, the chief of the SS Main Office, Gottlob Berger, invited al-Husayni to attend a meeting held in preparation for an SS recruiting drive among the Muslim residents of Bosnia...
Captured by the British before they could do any harm, the commandos claimed under interrogation that al-Husayni had briefed each one of them personally before departure, had compared Islam with National Socialism, and had promised them that the Arab struggle in Palestine would help Nazi Germany.- ↑ Israel Price, [https://hamodia.com/2017/06/26/never-seen-photos-mufti-yerushalayim-visiting-nazi-camp-go-auction/ Never-Before-Seen Photos of Mufti of Yerushalayim Visiting Nazi Camp Go on Auction[, Hamodia.com, 2 Tammuz, 5777, June 26, 2017.
- ↑ Ernst Verduin, March of the Living.
One memory of his time in Auschwitz remains particularly distinctive: “It was a very hot day in June or July 1944 when I was at work in Monowitz, also known as Auschwitz III. And then I suddenly noticed a group of people who looked like actors. They were wearing long robes and strange headgear. Occasionally internees did perform a play in the camp. I wanted to find out myself and as I walked towards that group I was stopped by a high ranking SS-officer whom I didn’t know. He was from the main camp (Auschwitz I) or Birkenau (Auschwitz II). The officer asked me, ‘what do you want?’. ‘I just wanted to know whether these people are actors or not. Is there going to be a stage performance tonight?’ ‘These people aren’t actors,’ the SS-officer told me. ‘They are the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and his retinue.’ I then asked him, ‘what is he doing here?’ ‘He is paying a visit to the camp,’ the SS-officer said. ‘He lives in Berlin where he enjoys Hitler’s personal protection. He is now paying a visit to Monowitz to see how Jews are working themselves to death in factories. He is also in Auschwitz to see the gas chambers. When we have won the war he will return to Palestine to build gas chambers and kill the Jews who are living over there.'”When Haj Amin Al-Husseini visited Auschwitz and Monowitz in the summer of 1944, hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews were being exterminated. The SS-officer who told Verduin about the Mufti’s visit threatened him that if he would not resume work immediately he would leave Monowitz entirely. Verduin, of course, had no intention of being killed in the gas chambers of Birkenau, so he did as he was told. But he informed some of his trusted camp mates of what he had seen.
Verduin claims that few people believed him when he said that he saw how the Mufti of Jerusalem paid a visit to Auschwitz-Monowitz. Only Simon Wiesenthal wrote a book back in 1947 in which he claims that the Mufti and his staff “paid visits to the concentration camps of Auschwitz and Majdanek to convince themselves of the capacity of the crematoria… Haj Amin was introduced to the SS-guards and expressed his appreciation for those SS-men who were very capable.”- ↑ "Ik zag de Palestijnse moefti in Auschwitz", CIDI, May 19, 2006.
I saw the Palestinian mufti in Auschwitz. In the second half of 1943, the Palestinian Mufti Amin al-Husseini visited the Nazi labor camp Monowitz, part of the Auschwitz complex. That stated the Gelderland economist Ernst Verduin (79) to CIDI last week. Verduin responded to an article by Wim Kortenoeven in the previous CIDI newsletter, about German plans inspired by the Mufti to also gas the Jews in North Africa and Palestine. Al-Husseini, a relative of Jasser Arafat, lived in Berlin from 1941 to 1945 and maintained good relations with Hitler and the Holocaust architects Heinrich Himmler and Adolf Eichmann. A Mufti normally has a religious task, but in the former British Mandate of Palestine, Al-Husseini was also the main political leader of the Palestinian Arabs. He was chairman of the Arab High Committee and the Supreme Islamic Council. In 1920, 1929 and 1936 successively, Al-Husseini incited the Arab population of the area against the Jews and the British. The violence killed hundreds of people. In 1936 he also called for an anti-Jewish boycott and demanded from the British administration an end to all Jewish immigration and a ban on the sale of land to Jews. In April 1941, the Mufti was in Baghdad, inciting the population to a pogrom that killed 120 Jews and participating in a failed uprising against British rule. He then fled to Berlin.
From Vught to Monowitz Ernst Verduin and his family members were arrested in early 1943 and detained in Vught concentration camp. Later that year they were transported to the death camps in Poland. According to Verduin, it was already known in the spring of 1943 in camp Vught that Jews were being gassed in Auschwitz-Birkenau. The source was an SS man who had been transferred from Auschwitz to Vught. Knowing the likely fate that awaited him, Verduin was able to save his life when he himself ended up in Auschwitz shortly afterwards. He was assigned to the "gas chamber group" by an SS selection officer, but managed to escape from the line and join a "work commando" formed a little further away. Verduin got the number 150811 tattooed on his arm and was eventually put to work in Monowitz ('Auschwitz-3'). There, on a warm day, he saw "some five men in long snow-white burnoose, with gold belts and with white headscarves surrounded by thick gold bands and a lot of gold on their hands, accompanied by a number of high SS men from the Stammlager Auschwitz. walk the Lagerstrasze. I wanted to see what kind of play that was, not familiar with the clothes of these people, but was stopped by an ordinary SS man from my own camp. When I asked hi what kind of people they were, he said it was not a game at all, but the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem and his retinue, who came to see how the Germans let the Jews work themselves to death, so that he could do the same in Palestine with all those Jews who lived there."
Al-Husseini was known to have made "working visits" to the Auschwitz-Birkenau and Majdanek extermination camps. ...- ↑ Emerson Vermaat, Dutch Holocaust Survivor - "I Saw How The Mufti Of Jerusalem Paid A Visit To Auschwitz-Monowitz", Pipeline News, March 5, 2012.
"It was a very hot day in June or July 1944 when I was at work in Monowitz, also known as Auschwitz III...
Ernst Verduin, a Dutch Jew from Amsterdam born in 1927, was deported to Auschwitz in September 1943.- ↑ Schwanitz, Wolfgang G.., Rubin, Barry. Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East. United Kingdom: Yale University Press, 2014. 185.
- ↑ Atallah Mansour, "A single leader even after his death," Haaretz May 21, 2001
Mudhakkirat al-Haj Amin Muhammad al-Husayni [مذكرات الحاج محمد أمين الحسيني edited] Brought to print by: al-'Omar, 'Abdel Karim. Publisher: Al Ahali, Damascus 1999, pp.554.
During my childhood days in the Galilee, we Arab children used to sing loudly on school trips, like our parents at weddings, a rhyme of a single line. A kind of national slogan: "[Seif] Sayf al-Din, Hajj Amin (ie: the sword of religion) is the Mufti Hajj (Amin)". The term mufti in the hierarchy of the Muslim clerical establishment.. like an "arbiter," meaning the man who interprets and rules in matters of religious law.
But Amin al-Husseini was not satisfied with the role of a teacher of religious law. At the beginning of his public career, he tried to head the activities of the anti-Jewish Arab youth in Jerusalem, and surprisingly won the first prize when he captured - with the help of the first British High Commissioner, Herbert Samuel - the political and religious leadership of all the Palestinian Arabs. He was not elected to his position following a vote in an election held by some body. His promotion path until he won the "first million" was paved and short: he reached his high position, the position of mufti of Jerusalem, in 1921, following a decision by the British Mandate authorities.
He made the surprising Nachshonite jump with record speed: only one year after he was sentenced by the British government in Israel (in his absence) to ten years in prison with hard labor for his part in organizing violent activity against Jews. He was pardoned by the same commissioner... Herbert Samuel, and it was he who appointed the fugitive criminal to the high position, who paved his way to the status of absolute heir to the Arab public's crown and its undisputed leader.
The young junior officer from the defeated Turkish Sultan's army, only 24 years old, overnight became a position of decisive influence on the course of affairs in the country, and not only from a religious point of view. His high office included the management of the Muslim religious services, including the appointment of thousands of teachers and clergy, and supervision of the property manager of the Muslim Waqf which covered hundreds of thousands of dunams, and thousands of economic assets in all the cities of the country. There were Palestinians who resisted - and paid the full price for it - but the absolute majority enthusiastically followed the mufti until the days of the "Nakba"[sic - edited] - or the tragedy - of 1948.
The disaster of the Palestinians was also a partial disaster for the mufti. He continued to head the "Higher Arab Committee," but the Arab League, which used to finance the activities of this committee, and allocated it an annual budget and the status of a member state, decided to dry up the "all-Palestine government" that the Mufti and Egypt had taken pains to establish in Gaza.
The mufti himself succeeded, thanks to his extensive connections with conservative Muslim regimes such as Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Yemen, to add and raise funds to finance his personal existence and the minimal activity of the Higher Arab Committee - including participation in international conferences - until his death in Beirut in 1974. But his position in the general public weakened, and many blamed him, and the extreme line he led throughout his political life, for the downfall of the Palestinians. He tried until the end of his life to defend and stubbornly preach his views that rejected any compromise, mainly through a small monthly, under the name "Falastin", which he published in Beirut.
The mufti's memoirs, which appeared in the summer of 1999 in Damascus, 25 years after his death, is an attempt by his secretary, Abdel Karim al-Nasser, to lay a hand on his memory. There is no reference in the book to the decision of the British-Zionist High Commissioner; Here, another member of the Husseini family served as the mufti of Jerusalem before Haj Amin, and was appointed to the position as his successor. But while the mystery of the close relationship between the High Commissioner and the Mufti remains unsolved, this thick book, on its 544 pages, reveals much about the activities of the Palestinian leader throughout the British Mandate period, including the period when he found refuge in Nazi Germany and aided its war effort.
The chapter on his relations with Nazi Germany opens with an apologetic introduction by the mufti, in which he claims that the Arabs' sympathy for the Germans was due to the fact that they were not partners in the European colonialism campaigns in the Muslim countries, and that the Germans were allies of the Ottoman sultans in the First World War. The Mufti tells the readers of his daily that the general public in Iraq gave Adolf Hitler the revered name of the Prophet of Islam Muhammad, and added to him the badge of honor of Hajj (pilgrimage) which all Muslim dignitaries boast about when they return from visiting their holy places in Mecca and Medinah. According to the mufti, the Iraqi crowd at the beginning of World War II used to repeat and memorize the slogan: 'Allah hai, Allah hai, Hajj Muhammad Hitler jai,' [i.e. 'Allah lives, Allah lives, Hajj Muhammad Hitler Live," p.73). He even tells us that the Nazi Minister of the Interior, Heinrich Himmler, personally apologized for the participation of the German soldiers in repelling the invasions of the Muslim armies at the gates of Vienna in the east, and in the south of France in the west, which prevented Germany from benefiting from the penetration of Muslim spirituality and culture into Europe (p. 126).
... The German ambassador in Ankara maintained close ties with the Iraqi government (and with the mufti who was exiled in this country), and hence the appeal of the government of Rashid Ali al-Gaylani to Germany with a request to supply the Iraqis with the weapons that the English and Americans refused to supply. The Germans accepted the offer and a large arms deal was signed between Iraq and Nazi Germany "under favorable conditions", notes the Mufti. But the German planes were unable to participate in the defense of the Iraqi government in its attempts to block England's retake of the country, in May 1941, due to a lack of fuel. The heads of government in Iraq were forced to flee their country, and with them the Palestinian exile, the mufti. He fled to Iran, where he lodged in the Japanese embassy, and when the British took over Tehran, he was smuggled to Turkey, and through it to Italy and Germany. Upon his arrival in Rome, the mufti was received by Mussolini (October 1941), and in Berlin he met with the heads of the Nazi regime, including Hitler (January 21, 1941).
The mufti and the exiled Iraqi Prime Minister Rashid Ali al-Gaylani worked together to convince their hosts in Berlin to issue a statement recognizing the Arabs' rights to independence - but it was not until April 1942 that the Germans were ready to sign a secret document signed by Foreign Minister Ribbentrop, which refers only to the countries of the Middle East. The Nazis refused to consider African countries due to the control of their ally Italy in Libya and of France in the Maghreb countries. They also kept their recognition of Syria's rights to independence a secret, so as not to provoke anger in Turkey.
But the mufti was not deterred. Even after getting to know the Germans closely, he tried to act in their service in Israel. He selected from among the Muslim prisoners in the Allied armies and from among the Arab exiles who joined the Axis countries young people suitable for sabotage courses and commando operations - and later in the summer of 1944, in the Jericho area, a lot of military equipment and five Arab and German saboteurs - under the command of Hassan Salama - were dropped in order to store the weapons and to train commando units "to prepare for the battle that will take place at the end of the war". This operation was done under the command of a Nazi officer named Schellenberg ("Himmler's right hand"). But the operation failed and ten thousand rifles, machine guns, small arms and much ammunition fell into the hands of the British. The Germans also stored large quantities of weapons for the benefit of the Palestinians in Rhodes, and thirty thousand rifles and small arms in Libya, but the use of these warehouses failed with the fall of Rommel.
There was complete agreement between the mufti and his hosts in only one area: the pathological hatred of the Jews. He "believes" that the famous anti-Semitic book, "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion", contains the practical plan [he wrote] of the Zionist movement (p. 94) and that the United Nations established its seat in New York, near the largest Jewish concentration in the world... He blames the Jews in every disaster that befell Turkey (in whose army he was an officer) and in every cause he sympathized with.
... In a conversation, out of many, that he had with Himmler, in the summer of 1943, he heard about the massacre that the Nazis were conducting against the Jews. Himmler probably admired the Mufti as the Mufti admired him, Hit
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